Speed reducer, water-cooling electric drive system and new energy vehicle
By using a detachable oil guide cover plate and a bidirectional spiral oil guide groove design in the reducer, the problem of poor lubrication of the reducer under extreme working conditions is solved, and effective lubrication of the differential bearing is achieved during forward and reverse rotation, and oil loss is prevented, thus improving lubrication efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520879384.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-05-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing reducers suffer from poor lubrication under extreme operating conditions, especially poor lubrication of the differential bearing at the far end, and are unable to meet the lubrication requirements under bidirectional drive conditions, resulting in oil loss and excessively slow flow rate.
The oil guide cover is detachably installed between the reducer housing and the differential. The oil guide cover is equipped with a variable cross-section bidirectional spiral oil guide groove to achieve directional oil lubrication of the differential bearing, and the closed oil passage design prevents oil loss.
It improves the lubrication effect of the reducer under extreme operating conditions, ensures that the differential bearing can be effectively lubricated in both forward and reverse rotation, reduces oil loss, and improves lubrication efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN223953203U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to new energy automobile technical field, concretely relates to a reducer, water -cooling electric drive system and new energy vehicle. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the continuous development of new energy automobile industry, more and more enterprises adopt three-in-one reducer system, and the reducer is widely used due to its simple structure, relatively optimal cost, higher power density and other advantages.But the existing most reducers have the following problems:
[0003] (1) the inside of the reducer reduction box generally adopts gear stirring oil, and the gear and bearing are passively lubricated in the form of splashing, due to the differential mounting structure (bolted, welded), the bearings on the two sides of the differential housing are not generally symmetrically arranged, and the bearings at the far end generally exist poor lubrication under some extreme conditions (lateral inclination, front and rear inclination) ;
[0004] (2) most designs are difficult to meet the lubrication under bidirectional driving conditions, the gear rotation direction does not change, and the oil will be thrown to different sides of the differential when reversing.
[0005] (3) the existing oil guide groove is open oil circuit, and the oil is prone to loss in the middle of oil guiding;
[0006] (4) the oil flow is too slow to enter the bearing seat. INVENTION CONTENTS
[0007] The utility model solves the technical problem in the prior art, and provides a reducer, a water-cooled electric drive system and a new energy vehicle that are compact in structure, convenient to disassemble and assemble and good in lubrication effect.
[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
[0009] A reducer, comprising: a reducer shell, a differential and an oil guide cover plate, the oil guide cover plate is detachably installed between the reducer shell and the differential, the differential comprises a differential bearing, the oil guide cover plate comprises a working surface and a non-working surface, the non-working surface faces the differential, the working surface faces the reducer shell, and a variable cross-section bidirectional spiral oil guide groove is arranged on the working surface, and an oil outlet of the bidirectional spiral oil guide groove faces the differential bearing to realize directional oil guiding lubrication of the differential bearing.
[0010] As a further improvement of the utility model, the working surface is attached to the inner wall surface of the reducer shell and forms a closed oil channel, and a through hole in the center of the oil guide cover plate is communicated with the differential bearing seat of the reducer shell.
[0011] As a further improvement of the utility model, the differential mechanism further comprises a differential mechanism shell, the differential mechanism bearing is installed at the end of the differential mechanism shell, the non-working surface is covered on the outside of the differential mechanism shell, and a gap exists between the non-working surface and the differential mechanism shell, and the differential mechanism bearing is fixed in the differential mechanism bearing seat of the reducer shell.
[0012] As a further improvement of the utility model, the bidirectional spiral oil guide groove comprises a first spiral oil guide groove and a second spiral oil guide groove, the first spiral oil guide groove and the second spiral oil guide groove are oppositely arranged on the working surface, the oil inlet of the first spiral oil guide groove is located at the bottom of the working surface, the oil outlet of the first spiral oil guide groove is communicated with the oil inlet of the second spiral oil guide groove, and the oil outlet of the second spiral oil guide groove is communicated with the through hole.
[0013] As a further improvement of the utility model, the cross-sectional area of the first spiral oil guide groove and the second spiral oil guide groove gradually decreases from the oil inlet to the oil outlet.
[0014] As a further improvement of the utility model, the cross-sectional area of the first spiral oil guide groove is greater than that of the second spiral oil guide groove.
[0015] As a further improvement of the utility model, the upper portion of the working surface of the oil guide cover plate is provided with a fixing rib, the upper portion of the inner side of the reducer shell is provided with a mounting groove, and the fixing rib and the mounting groove are detachably connected, so that the oil guide cover plate is fixedly assembled on the inner side of the reducer shell.
[0016] As a further improvement of the utility model, the oil guide cover plate is a metal machining forming piece or an injection molding piece.
[0017] As a general technical concept, the utility model further provides a water-cooled electric drive system, which comprises a motor and the reducer as described above.
[0018] As a general technical concept, the utility model further provides a new energy vehicle, which comprises the water-cooled electric drive system as described above.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
[0020] 1. The speed reducer of the utility model, through detachable installation of the oil guide cover plate between the speed reducer shell and the differential, and the non-working surface of the oil guide cover plate faces the differential, the working surface of the oil guide cover plate faces the speed reducer shell, the variable cross section bidirectional spiral oil guide groove is set up on the working surface, realizes the lubrication compatibility of positive and reverse drive working conditions, through the design of bidirectional spiral oil guide groove, the differential disc tooth can be stirred to enter the oil way when positive and reverse rotation. At the same time, the oil guide groove adopts variable cross section design, can accelerate the flow of oil, ensures the oil guide effect, improves the problem of poor lubrication of the differential far end bearing in passive lubrication speed reducer, can be well applicable to the splash passive lubrication of electric drive speed reducer.
[0021] 2. The water-cooled electric drive system of the utility model, since the aforementioned speed reducer is adopted, therefore the internal parts and differential bearings can be fully lubricated.
[0022] 3. The new energy vehicle of the utility model, since the aforementioned water-cooled electric drive system is adopted, therefore also has the aforementioned advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 It is the structural principle schematic diagram of the speed reducer in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 It is the sectional structure principle schematic diagram of the speed reducer in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 3 It is the structural principle schematic diagram of the oil guide cover plate in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the lubricating oil flowing on the oil guide cover plate in the embodiment of the utility model;
[0027] Legend: 1, speed reducer shell; 11, differential bearing seat; 12, mounting groove; 2, differential; 21, differential bearing; 22, differential shell; 23, differential gear; 24, intermediate gear; 25, intermediate pinion; 26, intermediate bearing; 27, input gear; 28, input bearing; 3, oil guide cover plate; 301, working surface; 302, non-working surface; 31, first spiral oil guide groove; 32, second spiral oil guide groove; 33, through hole; 34, fixing rib. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The utility model is further described below in combination with the drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but does not limit the protection scope of the utility model.
[0029] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "side", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.
[0030] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features, so that the features limited by "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features, and in the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
[0031] Embodiment
[0032] As Figure 1 shown, the reducer of the utility model, including: reducer shell 1, differential mechanism 2 and oil guide cover plate 3, and oil guide cover plate 3 can be detachably installed between reducer shell 1 and differential mechanism 2.Differential mechanism 2 includes differential mechanism bearing 21, differential mechanism shell 22 and differential mechanism bull gear 23, and the both ends of differential mechanism shell 22 are connected with differential mechanism bearing 21 and differential mechanism bull gear 23 respectively.Knowably, in actual application, one end of output shaft is connected with differential mechanism bearing 21, and the other end of output shaft is connected with moving wheel group to realize transmission.Oil guide cover plate 3 includes working surface 301 and non-working surface 302, and non-working surface 302 is towards differential mechanism 2, and working surface 301 is towards reducer shell 1.Further, working surface 301 is equipped with variable cross-section bidirectional spiral oil guide groove, and the oil inlet of bidirectional spiral oil guide groove is located at the outer side of working surface 301, and the oil outlet of bidirectional spiral oil guide groove is towards differential mechanism bearing, and lubricating oil flows in bidirectional spiral oil guide groove to realize directional oil guide lubrication to differential mechanism bearing 21.
[0033] In this embodiment, the oil guide cover plate 3 is detachably mounted between the reducer housing 1 and the differential 2, and the non-working surface 32 of the oil guide cover plate 3 faces the differential 2, and the working surface 31 of the oil guide cover plate 3 faces the reducer housing 1. A variable cross-section bidirectional spiral oil guide groove is arranged on the working surface 31, which realizes the lubrication compatibility of the forward and reverse drive conditions. Through the design of the bidirectional spiral oil guide groove, the differential disc gear can stir the oil into the oil way in both forward and reverse rotation. At the same time, the oil guide groove adopts a variable cross-section design, which can accelerate the flow of oil and ensure the oil guiding effect, improve the poor lubrication problem of the differential 2 far-end bearing in the passive lubrication reducer, and can be well applied to the splash passive lubrication of the electric drive reducer.
[0034] As Figure 1 shown, in this embodiment, the reducer also has an intermediate gear 24, which is located at different positions in the axial direction of the differential 2. The reducer of this embodiment also includes an intermediate pinion 25, an intermediate bearing 26, an input gear 27, and an input bearing 28. The input gear 27 rotates synchronously with the input shaft through the input bearing 28, the intermediate pinion 25 is connected with the intermediate shaft through the intermediate bearing 26, the intermediate gear 24 is connected with the intermediate shaft, the input gear 27 is engaged with the intermediate gear 24, and the intermediate pinion 25 is engaged with the differential gear 23. It can be understood that the specific working principle of the reducer is a conventional setting in the art, which will not be described here.
[0035] As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, the working surface 301 is completely attached to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing 1 and forms a closed oil way. By adopting the design of attaching to the housing wall surface between the oil guide cover plate 3 and the reducer housing 1, a closed oil groove is realized, which ensures that the oil will not be lost in the middle under the influence of gravity in the side inclination condition, and solves the problem of oil loss caused by too long conveying distance of the traditional lubricating oil groove in the side inclination condition.
[0036] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the non-working surface 302 covers the outside of the differential housing 22, and there is a gap between the non-working surface 302 and the differential housing 22. In this embodiment, the non-working surface 302 is a conformal design of the differential housing 22, and has a sufficient safety gap, which maximizes the reduction of the internal space occupation of the reducer. After the reducer is installed, since the working surface 31 is completely attached to the inner wall surface of the reducer housing 1, the through hole 33 is in communication with the differential bearing seat 11, the differential bearing 21 is fixed in the differential bearing seat 11, and the oil guide cover plate 3 can flow into the differential bearing seat 11 through the through hole 33 to lubricate the differential bearing 21.
[0037] As Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the bidirectional spiral oil guide groove includes a first spiral oil guide groove 31 and a second spiral oil guide groove 32. The first spiral oil guide groove 31 and the second spiral oil guide groove 32 are arranged opposite to each other on the working surface 301. The oil inlet of the first spiral oil guide groove 31 is located at the bottom of the working surface 301, and the oil outlet of the first spiral oil guide groove 31 is located at the upper part of the working surface 301 and communicates with the oil inlet of the second spiral oil guide groove 32. The oil outlet of the second spiral oil guide groove 32 is located in the middle of the working surface 301 and communicates with the through hole 33.
[0038] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional areas of both the first spiral oil guide groove 31 and the second spiral oil guide groove 32 are crescent-shaped and gradually decrease from the oil inlet to the oil outlet, forming a variable cross-section structure that is wider at the front and narrower at the back. This accelerates the flow of oil and ensures an effective oil intake for the bearing housing. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the first spiral oil guide groove 31 is larger than that of the second spiral oil guide groove 32 to ensure a continuous and stable oil intake.
[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the working principle of the oil guide cover 3 in this embodiment is as follows: When the differential gear is working, it drives the oil at the bottom of the reducer housing 1 into the working surface 31 of the oil guide cover 3. After being stirred into the first spiral oil guide groove 31 on the working surface 31, the oil flows along the spiral oil passage to the uppermost end. Then, due to gravity, it flows freely into the differential bearing seat 11 along the second spiral oil guide groove 32 to lubricate the differential bearing 21. Since the first spiral oil guide groove 31 and the second spiral oil guide groove 32 are both bidirectional slotted symmetrical designs, the oil at the bottom of the reducer housing 1 can be brought into the oil guide cover 3 when the differential gear rotates forward or in reverse. Moreover, the spiral oil passage inlet is designed to be relatively wide to facilitate the normal flow of oil, and then gradually narrows to accelerate the flow of oil, reduce the loss of oil kinetic energy, and ensure that the oil can reach the highest position of the oil guide groove.
[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper part of the working surface 301 of the oil guide cover plate 3 is provided with a fixing rib 34, and the upper part of the inner side of the reducer housing 1 is provided with an installation groove 12. The fixing rib 34 and the installation groove 12 are detachably connected to achieve the fixed assembly of the oil guide cover plate 3 on the inner side of the reducer housing 1.
[0041] In this embodiment, the oil guide cover 3 is a machined metal part, which is easy to manufacture and has high structural strength. In other embodiments, the oil guide cover 3 can also be an injection molded part. In other embodiments, the oil guide cover 3 can also be used for oil lubrication of intermediate shaft bearings and input shaft bearings, and can be designed to conform to the shape of the parts to be avoided as needed.
[0042] This embodiment also provides a water-cooled electric drive system, which includes a motor and the aforementioned reducer.
[0043] Specifically, the motor and the speed reducer can be installed in the same housing, the output end of the motor is connected with the speed reducer, and the external part is connected through the speed reducer to realize the transmission of power. Since the water-cooled electric drive system adopts the above-mentioned lubricating structure of the speed reducer, the lubrication condition of the transmission shaft assembly can be improved, and the risk of poor lubrication of the transmission shaft assembly can be reduced.
[0044] The embodiment also provides a new energy vehicle, which comprises the water-cooled electric drive system.
[0045] Specifically, the new energy vehicle comprises a vehicle body and a chassis, the vehicle body is arranged on the chassis, and the water-cooled electric drive system is fixed to the chassis and located between the vehicle body and the chassis. Since the above-mentioned water-cooled electric drive system is adopted, the lubrication condition of the transmission shaft assembly can be improved, and the risk of poor lubrication of the transmission shaft assembly can be reduced.
[0046] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any technical solution falling within the concept of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary skilled persons in the art, some improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and decorations shall also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A speed reducer characterized by, include: The gearbox housing (1), differential (2) and oil guide cover (3) are provided. The oil guide cover (3) is detachably installed between the gearbox housing (1) and the differential (2). The differential (2) includes a differential bearing (21). The oil guide cover (3) includes a working surface (301) and a non-working surface (302). The non-working surface (302) faces the differential (2), and the working surface (301) faces the gearbox housing (1). The working surface (301) is provided with a bidirectional spiral oil guide groove with a variable cross section. The oil outlet of the bidirectional spiral oil guide groove faces the differential bearing (21) to achieve directional oil guide lubrication of the differential bearing (21).
2. The speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized by The working surface (301) is in contact with the inner wall of the reducer housing (1) and forms a closed oil passage; the through hole (33) in the center of the oil guide cover (3) is connected to the differential bearing seat (11) of the reducer housing (1).
3. The speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized by The differential (2) also includes a differential housing (22), the differential bearing (21) is installed at the end of the differential housing (22), the non-working surface (302) covers the outside of the differential housing (22), and there is a gap between the non-working surface (302) and the differential housing (22), and the differential bearing (21) is fixed in the differential bearing seat (11) of the reducer housing (1).
4. The speed reducer according to claim 3, characterized by The bidirectional spiral oil guide groove includes a first spiral oil guide groove (31) and a second spiral oil guide groove (32). The first spiral oil guide groove (31) and the second spiral oil guide groove (32) are arranged opposite to each other on the working surface (301). The oil inlet of the first spiral oil guide groove (31) is located at the bottom of the working surface (301). The oil outlet of the first spiral oil guide groove (31) is connected to the oil inlet of the second spiral oil guide groove (32). The oil outlet of the second spiral oil guide groove (32) is connected to the through hole (33).
5. The speed reducer according to claim 4, characterized by The cross-sectional areas of the first spiral oil guide groove (31) and the second spiral oil guide groove (32) gradually decrease from the oil inlet to the oil outlet.
6. The speed reducer of claim 4, wherein The cross-sectional area of the first spiral oil guide groove (31) is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second spiral oil guide groove (32).
7. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by The working surface (301) of the oil guide cover (3) is provided with a fixing rib (34) on the upper part, and the inner side of the reducer housing (1) is provided with an installation groove (12). The fixing rib (34) and the installation groove (12) are detachably connected to achieve the fixed assembly of the oil guide cover (3) on the inner side of the reducer housing (1).
8. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by The oil guide cover (3) is made of machined metal or injection molded metal.
9. A water-cooled electric drive system, characterized by, Includes an electric motor and a speed reducer as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A new energy vehicle, characterized in that, Including the water-cooled electric drive system as described in claim 9.