Ka-band broadband transmit-receive front end

Abstract

The utility model discloses a Ka wave band broadband transmit-receive front end comprising a local oscillator source module, an X frequency conversion module, a Ka wave band frequency conversion module and an antenna module, the local oscillator source module is respectively connected with the X frequency conversion module and the Ka wave band frequency conversion module, and the X frequency conversion module, the Ka wave band frequency conversion module and the antenna module are connected in sequence. The local oscillator source module comprises a crystal oscillator module, a phase frequency detector, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, an N frequency divider and a frequency doubling processing module, the crystal oscillator module, the phase frequency detector, the loop filter, the voltage-controlled oscillator and the frequency doubling processing module are connected in sequence, and the N frequency divider is connected with the phase frequency detector and the voltage-controlled oscillator. The local oscillation source module can stably generate high-quality signals, the transmitting-receiving front end adopts a superheterodyne structure and uses two times of frequency conversion, the first time of frequency conversion is Ka-X wave band frequency conversion, the second time of frequency conversion is X wave band frequency conversion, and mirror image frequency interference is well inhibited by using the two times of frequency conversion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microwave technology, specifically to a Ka-band broadband transceiver front end. Background Technology

[0002] Generally speaking, millimeter waves correspond to electromagnetic waves with a frequency distribution range of 30–300 GHz. Millimeter wave frequency bands can be further divided into the Ka band (27–40 GHz), U band (40–60 GHz), V band (50–75 GHz), E band (60–90 GHz), W band (75–110 GHz), and D band (110–170 GHz), among others. Millimeter wave technology is characterized by its wide bandwidth and small device size, and its applications in military, wireless communication, and detection fields have become increasingly widespread in recent years. The main function of a millimeter wave transceiver front-end is to shift the spectrum of the input signal and amplify it to a certain power. As one of the core components of a millimeter wave system, its performance directly affects the overall performance of the entire system. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model provides a Ka-band broadband transceiver front end, which uses a local oscillator module to stably generate high-quality signals. The transceiver front end uses two frequency conversions to effectively suppress image frequency interference.

[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model provides a Ka-band broadband transceiver front end, comprising: a local oscillator module, an X-conversion module, a Ka-band conversion module, and an antenna module. The local oscillator module is connected to both the X-conversion module and the Ka-band conversion module. The X-conversion module, the Ka-band conversion module, and the antenna module are connected sequentially. The local oscillator module includes a crystal oscillator module, a frequency and phase detector, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator, an N-divider, and a frequency multiplier module. The crystal oscillator module, the frequency and phase detector, the loop filter, the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the frequency multiplier module are connected sequentially. The N-divider is connected to the frequency and phase detector and the voltage-controlled oscillator.

[0006] Furthermore, the frequency multiplication processing module includes a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a fixed-frequency attenuator, a first power amplifier, a frequency multiplier chip, and a band-pass filter connected in sequence, wherein the input terminal of the low-pass filter is connected to the output terminal of the voltage-controlled oscillator.

[0007] Furthermore, the Ka-band broadband transceiver front end also includes a coupler, which is connected to the voltage-controlled oscillator and the frequency multiplier chip, respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the Ka-band broadband transceiver front end also includes a second power amplifier, which is connected to an N-divider and a coupler, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, the Ka-band broadband transceiver front end also includes a Ka-band power amplifier module, which is connected to the Ka-band frequency converter module and the antenna module respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the Ka-band frequency converter module includes: a limiter, a first low-noise amplifier, a high-pass filter, a first single-pole double-throw switch, a second single-pole double-throw switch, a first filter, a second filter, a third single-pole double-throw switch, a second low-noise amplifier, a driver amplifier, and a first mixer. The limiter, the first low-noise amplifier, the high-pass filter, the first single-pole double-throw switch, and the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected sequentially. The second single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the first filter and the second filter, respectively. The first filter and the second filter are connected to the third single-pole double-throw switch, the second low-noise amplifier, and the driver amplifier, respectively. The first mixer is connected to the first single-pole double-throw switch, the local oscillator module, and the X-band frequency converter module, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the X-band frequency converter module includes: a fourth single-pole double-throw switch, a first X-filter module, a first bidirectional amplifier module, a first digitally controlled attenuation module, a second bidirectional amplifier module, a second X-filter module, a second mixer, a third filter, a second digitally controlled attenuation module, a fifth single-pole double-throw switch, a first signal amplification module, and a second signal amplification module. The fourth single-pole double-throw switch is connected to both the Ka-band frequency converter module and the first X-filter module. The first X-filter module, the first bidirectional amplifier module, the first digitally controlled attenuation module, the second bidirectional amplifier module, the second X-filter module, the second mixer, the third filter, the second digitally controlled attenuation module, and the fifth single-pole double-throw switch are connected sequentially. The first signal amplification module and the second signal amplification module are connected to the fifth single-pole double-throw switch.

[0012] Furthermore, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth single-pole double-throw switches all adopt the ADRF5024 single-pole double-throw switch.

[0013] Furthermore, both the first bidirectional amplification module and the second bidirectional amplification module use the WND0233H chip.

[0014] Furthermore, the N-divider uses the HMC492LP3 chip.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0016] This utility model provides a Ka-band broadband transceiver front end, which uses a local oscillator module that can stably generate high-quality signals. The transceiver front end adopts a superheterodyne structure and uses two frequency conversions: the first is a Ka-X band frequency conversion, and the second is an X band frequency conversion. The use of two frequency conversions effectively suppresses image frequency interference. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the frequency multiplication processing module;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the Ka-band frequency converter module;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the X-frequency converter module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] like Figure 1-4As shown in the first embodiment of this utility model, a Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end includes: a local oscillator module, an X-conversion module, a Ka-band conversion module, and an antenna module. The local oscillator module is connected to both the X-conversion module and the Ka-band conversion module. The X-conversion module, Ka-band conversion module, and antenna module are connected sequentially. The local oscillator module includes a crystal oscillator module, a frequency and phase detector, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), an N-divider, and a frequency multiplier module. The crystal oscillator module, frequency and phase detector, loop filter, VCO, and frequency multiplier module are connected sequentially. The N-divider is connected to the frequency and phase detector and the VCO. The local oscillator module provides a reference frequency for the frequency conversion components, enabling signal frequency conversion. The X-conversion module and Ka-band conversion module respectively complete the conversion of signals between different frequency bands, ensuring that the transceiver front-end meets design specifications. The antenna module is used to receive spatial signals and transmit signals into space. The crystal oscillator module provides a reference frequency for the phase-frequency discriminator. A 100MHz oven-controlled crystal oscillator can be used, offering phase noise better than -168dBc / Hz@10kHz and clutter suppression greater than 75dBc. The phase-frequency discriminator uses the HMC704LP4 chip. The oven-controlled crystal oscillator internally compensates for the crystal's frequency-temperature characteristics, exhibiting good frequency stability over a wide temperature range. The type of phase-locked loop (PLL) is determined by the number of poles in the open-loop gain located at the origin; that is, the PLL type equals the number of integrators in the loop. The order of the PLL is determined by the zeros of the characteristic equation or the denominator of the closed-loop transfer function. The loop order is determined by the loop filter and the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The VCO contains one integrator, one pole of the transfer function is determined by the VCO, and the other poles are located in the loop filter. The loop filter is the key factor determining the PLL order. The loop filter is connected to the output of the phase detector, and its main function is to filter out noise and suppress high-frequency components in the error voltage to ensure loop stability. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) generates the target frequency through the input voltage and is a voltage-to-frequency converter. The frequency range that the VCO can generate is its most critical parameter, but a wider frequency range often comes at the cost of phase noise. The working principle of a VCO is to obtain the target frequency by voltage tuning. The VCO uses a feedback oscillator. The N-divider divides the frequency at a certain position by a division factor to reduce the frequency. The N-divider is a feedback divider located between the feedback signal of the VCO and the phase detector, used to ensure that the output frequency of the VCO is consistent with or close to the reference frequency for frequency comparison by the phase detector. The local oscillator module used has a simple structure, can stably generate high-quality signals, and also provides a clock signal for the baseband digital circuit. In this embodiment, the Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end adopts a superheterodyne structure and uses a double-conversion scheme to suppress image frequency interference. The receiving link and the transmitting link share a single local oscillator module for time-division multiplexing.

[0025] The frequency multiplier module includes a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a fixed-frequency attenuator, a first power amplifier, a frequency multiplier chip, and a band-pass filter connected in sequence. The input of the low-pass filter is connected to the output of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end also includes a coupler connected to both the VCO and the frequency multiplier chip. The coupler divides the signal output from the VCO into the fundamental signal of the frequency multiplier chip and the feedback signal of the frequency and phase detector. The Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end also includes a second power amplifier connected to both the N-divider and the coupler. The second power amplifier amplifies the power of the coupled signal, and the amplified signal is input to the N-divider. In this embodiment, the frequency multiplier chip is a second frequency multiplier (model HMC576LC3N), and the N-divider is a second frequency divider (model HMC492LP3). The low-pass and high-pass filters of the frequency multiplier module further suppress harmonics at the frequency output from the phase-locked loop (PLL) module. The processed frequency is attenuated and amplified by the fixed-frequency attenuator and the power amplifier, amplified to the input power range of the frequency multiplier chip. The frequency multiplier chip widens the bandwidth of the amplified frequency signal, and the bandpass filter removes stray signals from the signal, so that the output frequency meets the goals of low phase noise, wide bandwidth and high stability.

[0026] The Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end also includes a Ka-band power amplifier module, which is connected to both the Ka-band frequency converter module and the antenna module. The Ka-band power amplifier module is used to enhance the transmitted signal power and ensure effective antenna radiation.

[0027] The Ka-band broadband transceiver front-end includes a signal transmission link and a signal reception link. The signal transmission link works as follows: the baseband digital circuit generates a baseband signal, which is transmitted to the X-conversion module via the baseband transmission module. The X-conversion module, under the influence of the frequency signal provided by the local oscillator module, performs frequency conversion on the baseband signal and transmits the converted signal to the Ka-band conversion module. The Ka-band conversion module further converts the signal to the Ka band and transmits it to the Ka-band power amplifier module. The Ka-band power amplifier module amplifies the signal and transmits it into space via the antenna module. The signal reception link works as follows: the antenna module receives the space signal and transmits it to the Ka-band conversion module. Under the influence of the frequency signal provided by the local oscillator module, the Ka-band conversion module performs frequency down-conversion on the received signal and transmits it to the X-conversion module. The X-conversion module further processes the signal frequency and transmits the signal back to the baseband digital circuit for further processing.

[0028] Specifically, the Ka-band frequency converter module includes: a limiter, a first low-noise amplifier, a high-pass filter, a first single-pole double-throw switch, a second single-pole double-throw switch, a first filter, a second filter, a third single-pole double-throw switch, a second low-noise amplifier, a driver amplifier, and a first mixer. The limiter is connected to the waveguide microstrip transition module. The limiter, the first low-noise amplifier, the high-pass filter, the first single-pole double-throw switch, and the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected in sequence. The second single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the first filter and the second filter, respectively. The first filter and the second filter are connected to the third single-pole double-throw switch, the second low-noise amplifier, and the driver amplifier, respectively. The first mixer is connected to the first single-pole double-throw switch, the local oscillator module, and the X-band frequency converter module, respectively. The driver amplifier is connected to the Ka-band power amplifier module.

[0029] The X-band frequency converter module includes: a fourth single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch, a first X-filter module, a first bidirectional amplifier module, a first digitally controlled attenuator module, a second bidirectional amplifier module, a second X-filter module, a second mixer, a third filter, a second digitally controlled attenuator module, a fifth SPDT switch, a first signal amplifier module, and a second signal amplifier module. The fourth SPDT switch is connected to both the Ka-band frequency converter module and the first X-filter module. The first X-filter module, the first bidirectional amplifier module, the first digitally controlled attenuator module, the second bidirectional amplifier module, the second X-filter module, the second mixer, the third filter, the second digitally controlled attenuator module, and the fifth SPDT switch are connected sequentially. The first signal amplifier module and the second signal amplifier module are connected to the fifth SPDT switch. The local oscillator module is connected to the second mixer. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth SPDT switches all use ADRF5024 single-pole double-throw switches. The first and second bidirectional amplifier modules both use WND0233H chips. The WND0233H chip allows selection of the two integrated transceiver amplifiers using TTL signals, significantly reducing the size of the X-converter module. Furthermore, the module incorporates two digitally controlled attenuation modules to increase the dynamic range of the transceiver front-end.

[0030] This utility model provides a Ka-band broadband transceiver front end, which uses a local oscillator module to stably generate high-quality signals. The transceiver front end adopts a superheterodyne structure and uses two frequency conversions: the first is a Ka-X band frequency conversion, and the second is an X band frequency conversion. Using two frequency conversions can effectively suppress image frequency interference. The X-conversion module uses a bidirectional amplifier chip to amplify the receiver and amplifier through the same link, which can greatly reduce the size of the transceiver front end.

[0031] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end, characterized by The application relates to a Ka-band wideband transceiving front end. The Ka-band wideband transceiving front end further comprises a coupler, wherein the coupler is connected with the voltage-controlled oscillator and the frequency multiplication chip.

2. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ka-band wideband transceiving front end further comprises a second power amplifier, wherein the second power amplifier is connected with the N frequency divider and the coupler.

3. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end of claim 2, wherein, The Ka-band wideband transceiving front end further comprises a Ka-band power amplifier module, wherein the Ka-band power amplifier module is connected with the Ka-band frequency conversion module and the antenna module.

4. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end of claim 3, wherein, The X frequency conversion module comprises a fourth single-pole double-throw switch, a first X filter module, a first bidirectional amplification module, a first digital control attenuation module, a second bidirectional amplification module, a second X filter module, a second mixer, a third filter, a second digital control attenuation module, a fifth single-pole double-throw switch, a first signal amplification module and a second signal amplification module.

5. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first bidirectional amplification module and the second bidirectional amplification module are both WND0233H chips.

6. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by, The first single-pole double-throw switch, the second single-pole double-throw switch, the third single-pole double-throw switch, the fourth single-pole double-throw switch and the fifth single-pole double-throw switch are all ADRF5024 single-pole double-throw switches.

7. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first bidirectional amplification module and the second bidirectional amplification module are both WND0233H chips.

8. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end of claim 7, wherein, ​ 9. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end of claim 7, wherein, ​ 10. The Ka-band wideband transceiver front-end of claim 1, wherein, The N divider employs a HMC492LP3 chip.

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