Lifting and sorting device for photovoltaic module decomposition materials
By enhancing the centrifugal motion and negative pressure suction of the sorting device, combined with color sorting and particle size screening, the problem of low separation efficiency of solder strips, silicon wafers and glass in photovoltaic module disassembly was solved, achieving high-efficiency sorting.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-20
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, vibration sorting is inefficient during the disassembly of photovoltaic modules, making it difficult to effectively separate solder strips, silicon wafers, and glass, resulting in high sorting difficulty and low sorting efficiency.
A lifting and sorting device is used to separate lightweight solder strips and silicon wafers through the centrifugal motion and negative pressure suction of the material lifting unit, while heavy glass particles are processed separately. The sorting accuracy is further improved by combining color sorting and particle size screening devices.
It improves the sorting efficiency of photovoltaic module dismantling materials, effectively separates solder strips, silicon wafers and glass, and enhances sorting accuracy and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224010460U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the recycling of renewable resources in the field of environmental protection, specifically to a lifting and sorting device for materials decomposed from photovoltaic modules. Background Technology
[0002] A photovoltaic (PV) module consists of a frame and a photoelectric conversion element. From front to back, the photoelectric conversion element comprises: glass, a first EVA layer, a silicon wafer, a second EVA layer, a backsheet, and a fluorine film (some PV modules do not have a fluorine film). The first EVA layer bonds the glass to the silicon wafer, and the second EVA layer bonds the silicon wafer to the backsheet. Disassembling recycled PV modules allows for the extraction of valuable metals and other materials. Furthermore, the separated glass also has value; for example, the broken glass can be sold to glass manufacturers. Therefore, disassembling PV modules has inherent value.
[0003] There are currently several methods for disassembling photovoltaic modules, such as the "physical separation method" and the "pyrolysis method." The "physical separation method" involves first removing the aluminum frame and junction box of the module, then crushing the frameless module to separate the solder ribbon and glass particles. The remaining parts are then ground and separated using electrostatic methods to obtain the solder ribbon, silicon wafer, backsheet particles, and glass particles. The pyrolysis method involves softening and pyrolyzing the EVA adhesive layer under heating conditions to achieve the separation and recycling of each layer.
[0004] Unlike physical separation, pyrolysis decomposes the adhesive layer and backsheet material through thermal radiation, releasing them along with the gas. The remaining material contains only solder ribbons, glass, and silicon wafers. In contrast, physical separation leaves behind solder ribbons, glass, and silicon wafers, as well as adhesive layer and backsheet particles. As we can see, the valuable recyclable materials are solder ribbons, glass, and silicon wafers. If adhesive layer and backsheet particles are mixed in, the difficulty of sorting increases exponentially. Therefore, pyrolysis is currently the mainstream method used in photovoltaic module dismantling.
[0005] Separating the solder ribbon and silicon wafers from the glass is quite difficult. The current mainstream method uses vibration sorting. Vibration sorting involves feeding the remaining materials (solder ribbon, glass, and silicon wafers) onto a vibrator. The vibrator causes the remaining materials to bounce up and down, and an airflow carries away the lighter solder ribbon and silicon wafers, discharging them through a light material outlet. The heavier glass falls onto the vibrating separator and is discharged through its heavy material outlet. However, this method has limitations in terms of the height at which the remaining materials bounce and the airflow strength. Therefore, it can only separate a portion of the glass from the solder ribbon and silicon wafers. The discharged glass still contains solder ribbon and silicon wafers, indicating that this vibration sorting method is inefficient. Utility Model Content
[0006] This invention provides a lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials in photovoltaic modules, which can improve sorting efficiency.
[0007] The technical solutions to the above technical problems are as follows:
[0008] A lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules includes:
[0009] The upper cylinder has a feed inlet and an air extraction outlet at its upper part.
[0010] A vacuum pump, connected to a vacuum port;
[0011] The first drive mechanism is arranged above the upper cylinder;
[0012] A material lifting unit that drives the remaining material to be lifted from bottom to top and move in a centrifugal manner is located inside the upper cylinder, and one end of the material lifting unit is connected to the first drive mechanism.
[0013] The lower cylinder is fitted with the upper cylinder, and the other end of the material lifting unit is rotatably fitted with the lower cylinder. The upper part of the lower cylinder is provided with a discharge port for releasing heavy materials; the lower part of the lower cylinder is provided with an output port.
[0014] The discharge port switch unit works in conjunction with the discharge port.
[0015] In this invention, under the action of the high-speed rotation of the lifting unit, the remaining material is lifted from bottom to top. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the lifting unit, the remaining material is dispersed and centrifugally thrown to the inner wall of the upper cylinder. Since the remaining material has been lifted, it is already in the air position inside the upper cylinder after being thrown out by the material lifting unit. Due to the negative pressure suction force generated by the vacuum pump, the lightweight silicon wafers and solder ribbons are carried away by the negative pressure, while the heavy glass particles fall freely to the bottom of the lower cylinder under the action of gravity. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the material sorting system of this utility model.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and sorting device of this utility model.
[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part O in the image.
[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another type of lifting and sorting device.
[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 4A schematic diagram of the material lifting unit in the diagram.
[0021] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view of the particle size screening device.
[0022] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the particle size screening device.
[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the Q part in the image.
[0024] Labels in the attached diagram:
[0025] Crushing device A, lifting and sorting device B, color sorting device C, particle size screening device D.
[0026] Upper cylinder 10, feed inlet 11, air extraction port 12, air extraction fan 13, first drive mechanism 14, material lifting unit 15, rotating shaft 15a, first lifting spiral blade 15b, second lifting spiral blade 15c, third spiral blade 15d, first support rod 15e, second support rod 15f, lower cylinder 16, output port 16a, lower cylinder body 16b, support plate 16c, discharge port switch unit 17, driver 17a, door plate 17b cooperating with the discharge port, drive mechanism 18, motor 18a, hollow shaft 18b, drive blade 18c, buffer pad 19.
[0027] Screening assembly 20, screen body 20a, first annular support component 20b, inner support body 20c, screen mesh 20d, discharge guide component 20e, discharge port 20f, baffle 20g, inner support 20h, screening seat 21, elastic component 22, base 23, vibration driver 24. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The photovoltaic module decomposition material sorting system of this utility model includes a crushing device A, a lifting and sorting device B, a color sorting device C, and a particle size screening device D. The following is a detailed description of each part and the relationship between them.
[0029] After photovoltaic modules are pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace, the remaining material typically contains glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons. Since the solution of this utility model mainly separates the glass from the silicon wafers and solder ribbons, the glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons in the remaining material output from pyrolysis are all relatively large in volume, which is not conducive to subsequent sorting. Therefore, crushing device A is first used to crush the remaining material after the photovoltaic modules are decomposed, so that the volume of glass, silicon wafers, and solder ribbons is reduced and meets the particle size requirements in the process design.
[0030] Common crushing devices include compound crushers and hammer crushers. Compound crushers are based on impact force and are suitable for fine crushing and coarse grinding of brittle materials. They are mainly used for medium and small-scale crushing of cement raw materials and clinker, as well as for crushing other medium-hard ores such as building sand, iron ore, sandstone, gypsum, coal gangue, lump coal, glass, and ceramics.
[0031] Hammer crushers primarily rely on impact to break materials. When material enters the crusher, it is crushed by the impact of high-speed rotating hammers. The crushed material gains kinetic energy from the hammers and propels itself at high speed towards the internal baffles and screen bars. Simultaneously, the material collides with itself, undergoing multiple crushing processes. Material smaller than the gaps between the screen bars is discharged through these gaps. Larger pieces are further crushed by the impact, grinding, and compression of the hammers on the screen bars, and are eventually forced out of the gaps by the hammers. This process yields a product of the desired particle size.
[0032] Based on the above, since it is necessary to maintain a certain particle size for the remaining material, a hammer crusher is preferred in this embodiment. The crushing device A in this embodiment is a purchased device, and it has not been modified or improved in practice as long as it meets the requirements of the designed process conditions.
[0033] The lifting and sorting device B drives the remaining material to rise from bottom to top and move it in a centrifugal manner, so that the lightweight solder strips and silicon wafers are carried away by the airflow during the falling process.
[0034] The lifting and sorting device B includes an upper cylinder 10, an air extractor 13, a first drive mechanism 14, a material lifting unit 15, a lower cylinder 16, and a discharge port switch unit 17. The upper cylinder 10 is provided with a feed inlet 11 and an air extraction port 12. The feed inlet 11 is connected to an air shut-off fan (not shown in the figure). The air shut-off fan feeds material to the upper cylinder 10 in a quantitative manner, so that the amount of material in each sorting cycle of the lifting and sorting device B is basically close (there are gaps between the materials, so it is more appropriate to use "close" to express it).
[0035] The vacuum pump 13 is connected to the vacuum port 12. By applying suction force to the upper cylinder 10 through the vacuum pump 13, the lifted lightweight material can be carried away by the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump 13. The first drive mechanism 14 is arranged above the upper cylinder 10. The first drive mechanism 14 consists of a bracket, a motor, and a gear reducer. The bracket can be fixed to the upper cylinder 10 or fixed separately to the foundation, depending on the site conditions. The motor can be an electric motor or a hydraulic motor. The motor is mounted on the bracket, and the output end of the motor is connected to the input end of the gear reducer. The output end of the gear reducer is connected to the material lifting unit 15. Through the action of the gear reducer, the torque output of the motor can be increased, ensuring the power when lifting the remaining material.
[0036] The material lifting unit 15 drives the remaining material to be lifted from bottom to top and move in a centrifugal manner. The material lifting unit 15 is located inside the upper cylinder 10. One end of the material lifting unit 15 is connected to the first drive mechanism 14, and the other end of the material lifting unit 15 is rotatably engaged with the lower cylinder 16. The first drive mechanism 14 drives the material lifting unit 15 to rotate at a speed of 300-600 rpm, preferably 400 rpm. Under the action of the high-speed rotation of the lifting unit 15, the remaining material is lifted from bottom to top. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the lifting unit 15, the remaining material is dispersed and centrifugally thrown to the inner wall of the upper cylinder 10. Since the remaining material has been lifted, it is already in an air position inside the upper cylinder 10 after being thrown out by the material lifting unit 15. Due to the negative pressure suction force generated by the vacuum pump 13, the lightweight silicon wafers and solder ribbons are carried away by the negative pressure, while the heavy glass particles fall freely to the bottom of the lower cylinder under the action of gravity.
[0037] If the centrifugal force generated by the material lifting unit 15 is relatively large, the remaining material will be thrown to collide with the inner wall of the upper cylinder 10. Since the remaining material contains glass particles, direct collision can easily damage the glass particles. Therefore, in order to avoid damage to the remaining material due to collision, the lifting and sorting device B also includes a buffer pad 19. The buffer pad 19 is set on the inner wall surface of the upper cylinder 10. The buffer pad 19 can be made of rubber. Through the cushioning effect of the buffer pad 19, the impact force on the remaining material is reduced, thereby preventing the remaining material from being further damaged.
[0038] The material lifting unit 15 includes a rotating shaft 15a and a first lifting spiral blade 15b. One end of the rotating shaft 15a is connected to the output end of the first drive mechanism 14, and the other end of the rotating shaft 15a is rotatably engaged with the lower cylinder 16. The first lifting spiral blade 15b is wound along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 15a and is fixed to the rotating shaft 15a, for example, by welding or by casting. When the rotating shaft 15a rotates, it drives the first lifting spiral blade 15b to rotate, thereby lifting the remaining material from bottom to top. During the lifting process or when the material reaches the top of the first lifting spiral blade 15b, it is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force.
[0039] The spacing between two adjacent threads in the first lifting spiral blade 15b increases sequentially from the lower end to the upper end of the shaft 15a. The spacing between adjacent threads at the lower end is relatively small, which can enhance the pushing force, while the spacing between adjacent threads at the upper end is relatively large, which makes it easier to throw out the material, thereby allowing the lightweight silicon wafers and solder ribbons to be carried away by the airflow.
[0040] In this invention, in order to better disperse and throw out the remaining material during the lifting process, the material lifting unit 15 further includes a second lifting spiral blade 15c, a third spiral blade 15d, a first support rod 15e, and a second support rod 15f. One end of the rotating shaft 15a is connected to the output end of the first drive mechanism 14, and the other end of the rotating shaft 15a is rotatably engaged with the lower cylinder 16. The first lifting spiral blade 15b, the second lifting spiral blade 15c, and the third spiral blade 15d are respectively spirally wound around the rotating shaft 15a along the axial direction. The first lifting spiral blade 15b is located inside the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third spiral blade 15d. The first support rod 15e and the second support rod 15f are respectively fixed to the rotating shaft 15a. The second lifting spiral blade 15c is fixed to the first support rod 15e. The second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third spiral blade 15d are respectively fixed to the second support rod 15f.
[0041] In this structure, since the first lifting spiral blade 15b is fixed to the first support rod 15e, and the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third spiral blade 15d are respectively fixed to the second support rod 15f, there are gaps between the first lifting spiral blade 15b, the second lifting spiral blade 15c, and the third spiral blade 15d and the rotating shaft 15a. The gap between the first lifting spiral blade 15b and the rotating shaft 15a is relatively small, for example, 0-5cm, while the gap between the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third spiral blade 15d and the rotating shaft 15a is relatively large. This gap is sufficient as long as it does not cause interference between the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third spiral blade 15d and the first lifting spiral blade 15b, for example, 30 to 50cm.
[0042] The starting point of the first lifting spiral blade 15b is 90° away from the starting point of the second lifting spiral blade 15c in the circumferential direction, and the starting point of the first lifting spiral blade 15b is -90° away from the starting point of the third lifting spiral blade 15d in the circumferential direction. The second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third lifting spiral blade 15d are 180° apart in the circumferential direction, and the diameters of the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third lifting spiral blade 15d are equal.
[0043] There are multiple first support rods 15e and multiple second support rods 15f. The multiple first support rods 15e are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotation shaft, and the multiple second support rods 15f are also arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotation shaft. There is a gap between adjacent first support rods 15e and second support rods 15f. The included angle formed by the axial directions of adjacent first support rods 15e and second support rods 15f is 45-90°. The first support rods 15e increase the strength of the first lifting spiral blade 15b, and the second support rods 15f increase the strength of the second lifting spiral blade 15c and the third lifting spiral blade 15d.
[0044] The upper cylinder 10 and the lower cylinder 16 are fitted together, with the lower cylinder 16 surrounding the upper cylinder 10. The lower cylinder 16 includes a lower cylinder body 16b and a support plate 16c. The support plate 16c is located inside the lower cylinder body 16b and fixed to it. The discharge port is located on the support plate 16c. After the upper cylinder 10 is inserted into the lower cylinder body 16b and fixed to the support plate 16c, a cavity for receiving materials is formed between the upper cylinder 10 and the support plate 16c.
[0045] The lower cylinder 16 has a discharge port at its upper part for releasing heavy materials, and an output port 16a at its lower part. The discharge port switch unit 17 works in conjunction with the discharge port. One sorting cycle of the lifting and sorting device B can be set, for example, 5 to 10 minutes. This time starts counting down from when the material enters the lifting and sorting device B. When the countdown time reaches zero, the material sorting for this cycle is completed. The discharge port is opened by the discharge port switch unit 17, allowing the remaining material to be released from the discharge port and then discharged through the output port 16a.
[0046] The discharge port switching unit 17 includes a driver 17a and a door plate 17b that cooperates with the discharge port. One end of the driver 17a is hinged to the lower cylinder 16, and the other end of the driver 17a is hinged to the door plate 17b. The door plate 17b is hinged to the lower cylinder 16. The driver 17a can be a linear actuator such as a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder; in this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder is preferred. The driver 17a drives the door plate 17b to rotate around the hinge point between the door plate 17b and the lower cylinder 16, thereby causing the door plate 17b to close or open the discharge port.
[0047] When releasing the sorted material, since the opening of the discharge port is limited and most of the material does not correspond to the position of the discharge port, it is necessary to move the material that does not correspond to the discharge port to the discharge port so that the material can be released more cleanly. In this embodiment, a material driving mechanism 18 is also provided in the lower cylinder 16. The material driving mechanism 18 includes a motor 18a, a hollow shaft 18b, and a drive blade 18c. The motor 18a is fixed to one end of the hollow shaft 18b. The hollow shaft 18b passes through a part of the lower cylinder 16 and extends into the upper cylinder 10. The other end of the hollow shaft 18b and the lower cylinder 16 are connected by bearings. The drive blade 18c is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the other end of the hollow shaft 18b and is located below the material lifting unit 15.
[0048] A preferred approach is to connect a gear reducer to the output end of the motor 18a, with the output end of the gear reducer connected to the hollow shaft 18b, thereby increasing the torque output of the motor 18a.
[0049] When the sorting time is up, the discharge port switching unit 17 opens the discharge port and starts the motor 18a. The motor 18a transmits power to the hollow shaft 18b through a gear reducer, thereby driving the drive blades 18c to rotate. The drive blades 18c drive the material to move, allowing the material to fall freely from the discharge port to the output port. Alternatively, during the sorting process, the material drive mechanism 18 can also be activated. The power output by the material drive mechanism 18 loosens and moves the static material, reducing the burden on the material lifting unit 15.
[0050] Since the material sorted by the lifting sorting device B can only separate most of the silicon wafers and solder ribbons from the glass particles, but a small amount of silicon wafers and solder ribbons are still trapped in the glass particles, this invention uses a color sorting device C to further sort the material. This color sorting device C re-sorts the material output from the lifting sorting device B based on differences in optical properties; that is, it uses photoelectric detection technology to automatically sort out discolored particles from particulate material. In this embodiment, the color sorting device C is a purchased device, and it has not been modified or improved in practice as long as it meets the design process requirements.
[0051] Since glass manufacturers pay different prices for glass particles of different sizes when purchasing broken glass, a particle size screening device D is used to sort the material output from the color sorting device C according to the different particle sizes, thereby sorting the glass particles. During the sorting process, glass powder is also screened out.
[0052] The particle size screening device D includes screening components 20, screening base 21, elastic component 22, base 23, and vibration actuator 24. Multiple screening components 20 are arranged in an overlapping manner, with the aperture of the screen holes decreasing sequentially from the topmost to the bottommost screening component 20. The bottommost screening component 20 is fixed to the screening base 21. One end of the screening base 21 is connected to the elastic component 22, and the other end of the elastic component 22 is connected to the base 23. The vibration actuator 24 is connected to the screening base 21. The elastic component 22 is preferably a spring. Connecting posts are provided on both the screening base 21 and the base 23, and the elastic component 22 is fixed to these connecting posts.
[0053] When glass particles enter the screening assembly 20, the vibration driver 24 operates, and the vibration force generated by the vibration driver 24 is transmitted to the screening seat 21. Since the screening seat 21 is supported on the base 23 by the elastic member 22, the multiple screening assemblies 20 vibrate together, causing the glass particles located in the screening assembly 20 to move. For glass particles in the current layer, if the particle size is larger than the aperture of the screening assembly 20, it moves towards the discharge port of the current layer screening assembly 20 under the action of vibration force. If the particle size is smaller than the aperture of the screening assembly 20, the glass particles fall through the holes in the screening assembly 20 and into the next layer screening assembly 20 for further screening. Therefore, the glass crushing device of this invention automatically screens glass particles.
[0054] It also includes a baffle 20g that prevents glass particles from passing directly through the discharge port 20f. After one end of the baffle 20g is fixed to the inner wall of the screen body 20a, the baffle 20g is inclined to the discharge port 20f. This structure can prevent glass particles with a particle size smaller than the aperture of the screen 20d in the current layer from being discharged from the discharge port of the current layer screening component 20.
[0055] Each screening component 20 also includes an inner support 20h, which is fixed to the screen body 20a. The inner supports 20h in each layer support the screen 20d, which can increase the strength and straightness of the screen 20d and prevent glass particles with a particle size close to the aperture of the screen 20d from getting stuck in the mesh.
[0056] The method for sorting materials after the decomposition of photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:
[0057] S1, using crushing device A to crush the remaining material after the photovoltaic module is decomposed, the material being a mixture of glass particles, solder ribbon and silicon wafer;
[0058] S2, the lifting and sorting device B is used to drive the remaining material from bottom to top and throw it out in a centrifugal manner. The lifting and sorting device B generates suction force so that most of the solder strips and silicon wafers are carried away by the airflow during the falling process.
[0059] S3, the color sorting device C is used to sort the glass particles, as well as a small amount of solder ribbon and silicon wafers from the output of the lifting sorting device B, again according to the difference in optical properties, so as to remove the silicon wafers and solder ribbons mixed in with the glass particles.
[0060] S4, the particle size screening device D is used to sort the material output from the color sorting device C according to the different particle sizes to obtain glass particles of different sizes.
[0061] The lifting and sorting device B operates at a rotation speed of 300-600 rpm, and the air flow rate drawn by the lifting and sorting device B is 50-100 L / min.
[0062] Since a material driving mechanism 18 is installed inside the lifting and sorting device B, the static material is loosened and moved by the material driving mechanism 18 before or during operation of the lifting and sorting device B.
[0063] Since the lifting sorting device B includes a discharge port and a discharge port switch unit 17, after completing a sorting cycle, the discharge port switch unit 17 opens the discharge port, and the material driving mechanism 18 drives the material that has not been removed to move, so that the material is discharged from the discharge port.
[0064] For particle size screening device D, the specific process is as follows: After the glass particles enter the screening component 20, the vibration driver 24 works, and the vibration force generated by the vibration driver 24 is transmitted to the screening seat 21. The multiple screening components 20 vibrate together, thereby causing the glass particles located in the screening component 20 to move. For the glass particles located in the current layer, if the particle size of the glass particles is larger than the aperture of the screening component 20, they move towards the discharge port of the current layer screening component 20 under the action of vibration force. If the particle size of the glass particles is smaller than the aperture of the screening component 20, the glass particles fall through the holes on the screening component 20 to the next layer screening component 20 to continue screening.
Claims
1. A lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: The upper cylinder (10) has a feed inlet (11) and an air extraction port (12) at its upper part. A vacuum pump (13) is connected to a vacuum port; The first drive mechanism (14) is arranged above the upper cylinder (10); A material lifting unit (15) that drives the remaining material to be lifted from bottom to top and move in a centrifugal manner is located inside the upper cylinder (10), and one end of the material lifting unit (15) is connected to the first drive mechanism (14). The lower cylinder (16) is fitted with the upper cylinder (10), and the other end of the material lifting unit (15) is rotatably fitted with the lower cylinder (16). The upper part of the lower cylinder (16) is provided with a discharge port for releasing heavy materials; the lower part of the lower cylinder (16) is provided with an output port (16a). The discharge port switch unit (17) is in conjunction with the discharge port.
2. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material lifting unit (15) includes a rotating shaft (15a) and a first lifting spiral blade (15b). One end of the rotating shaft (15a) is connected to the output end of the first drive mechanism (14), and the other end of the rotating shaft (15a) is rotatably engaged with the lower cylinder (16). The first lifting spiral blade (15b) is wound along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (15a), and the first lifting spiral blade (15b) is fixed to the rotating shaft (15a).
3. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material lifting unit (15) further includes a rotating shaft (15a), a second lifting spiral blade (15c), a third spiral blade (15d), a first support rod (15e), and a second support rod (15f). The first lifting spiral blade (15b), the second lifting spiral blade (15c), and the third spiral blade (15d) are spirally wound around the rotating shaft (15a) along the axial direction. The first lifting spiral blade (15b) is located inside the second lifting spiral blade (15c) and the third spiral blade (15d). The first support rod (15e) and the second support rod (15f) are fixed to the rotating shaft (15a), the second lifting spiral blade (15c) is fixed to the first support rod (15e), and the second lifting spiral blade (15c) and the third spiral blade (15d) are fixed to the second support rod (15f).
4. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, The starting point of the first lifting spiral blade (15b) and the starting point of the second lifting spiral blade (15c) are 90° apart in the circumferential direction, and the starting point of the first lifting spiral blade (15b) and the starting point of the third spiral blade (15d) are -90° apart in the circumferential direction.
5. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, characterized in that, There are multiple first struts (15e) and multiple second struts (15f). Multiple first struts (15e) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and multiple second struts (15f) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft. There is a gap between two adjacent first struts (15e) and second struts (15f).
6. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower cylinder (16) includes a lower cylinder body (16b) and a support plate (16c). The support plate (16c) is located inside the lower cylinder body (16b) and fixed to the lower cylinder body (16b). The discharge port is located on the support plate (16c). After the upper cylinder (10) is inserted into the lower cylinder body (16b) and fixed to the support plate (16c), a cavity for accommodating materials is formed between the upper cylinder (10) and the support plate (16c).
7. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that, The discharge port switching unit (17) includes a driver (17a) and a door plate (17b) that cooperates with the discharge port. One end of the driver (17a) is hinged to the lower cylinder (16), and the other end of the driver (17a) is hinged to the door plate (17b). The door plate (17b) is hinged to the lower cylinder (16).
8. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a material driving mechanism (18) set in the lower cylinder (16). The material driving mechanism (18) includes a motor (18a), a hollow shaft (18b), and a driving blade (18c). The motor (18a) is fixed to one end of the hollow shaft (18b). The hollow shaft (18b) passes through a part of the lower cylinder (16) and extends into the upper cylinder (10). The hollow shaft (18b) is connected to the other end of the material lifting unit (15) and the lower cylinder (16) through a bearing. The driving blade (18c) is fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the other end of the hollow shaft (18b). The driving blade (18c) is located below the material lifting unit (15).
9. The lifting and sorting device for decomposing materials for photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The lifting and sorting device (B) also includes a buffer pad (19), which is disposed on the inner wall surface of the upper cylinder (10).