Cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of teaching aids, in particular to a cell membrane inlaid flowing three-dimensional dynamic model, which comprises a phospholipid bilayer model, at least one carbohydrate chain module, at least one movable membrane protein molecule module and at least one ion module, the phospholipid bilayer model comprises a phospholipid molecule upper layer model composed of a phospholipid molecule head module and a phospholipid molecule tail module, and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model composed of a phospholipid molecule head module and a phospholipid molecule tail module. Meanwhile, a penetrating type membrane protein molecule module, a semi-embedded type membrane protein molecule module, a full-embedded type membrane protein molecule module and a floating type membrane protein molecule module are further arranged on the phospholipid bilayer model. The three-dimensional model for dynamically displaying the cell membrane fluidity and the types, functions and motion modes of the membrane proteins improves the teaching effect of related knowledge of the cell membranes, and meanwhile, the model is detachable, easy to assemble and convenient to store and transport.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of teaching aids, and particularly relates to a cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model. BACKGROUND

[0002] The cell membrane is an important place for life activities, and its structure and function are crucial to cell physiological processes. To help students understand the complex structure of the cell membrane, a cell membrane flow mosaic three-dimensional model is often used for demonstration in teaching, such as the cell membrane flow mosaic three-dimensional models disclosed in Chinese utility models with publication numbers CN202939851U and CN202711536U. Proteins on the cell membrane are collectively referred to as membrane proteins, and the function of the cell membrane is mainly realized through membrane proteins. Generally, the more functions a cell has, the more types and quantities of membrane proteins it has. There are three types of membrane proteins in terms of their position relationship with the cell membrane, and they have two main modes of motion, lateral movement and autonomous rotation, and they also undertake the material transport function of the cell membrane. The technical solutions disclosed in the above prior art are static three-dimensional structures, and the structure is fixed, lacking flexibility, making it difficult to simultaneously demonstrate the fluidity, three-dimensional structure, and function and motion mode of membrane proteins. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a three-dimensional dynamic model that can facilitate observation of the internal structure of the cell membrane, dynamically demonstrate the flow mosaic structure of the cell membrane, and the types, motion modes, and transport functions of membrane proteins, in order to improve the teaching effectiveness of cell membrane-related knowledge. SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model, so as to simultaneously observe the internal structure of the cell membrane in a static state and dynamically demonstrate the fluidity of the cell membrane, the two motion modes of membrane proteins, the realization of the two transport functions of membrane proteins, and the formation of glycoproteins.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical scheme:

[0005] The embodiment of the application discloses a cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model, which comprises a phospholipid bilayer model, the phospholipid bilayer model comprises a phospholipid molecule upper layer model and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model, the phospholipid molecule upper layer model and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model are both composed of phospholipid molecule head module and phospholipid molecule tail module, the phospholipid molecule tail module of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model is oppositely arranged with the phospholipid molecule tail module of the phospholipid molecule lower layer model, the outermost phospholipid molecule head module of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model is connected by a hard wire to form a closed loop, a plurality of module strings formed by the phospholipid molecule head module connected by the hard wire are arranged in parallel and closely inside the closed loop, the module strings are connected with the closed loop of the layer, and gaps exist between the module strings, meanwhile, the phospholipid bilayer model is also provided with a penetrating membrane protein molecule module, a semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module, a full-embedded membrane protein molecule module and a floating membrane protein molecule module, and at least three penetrating membrane protein molecule modules are connected with the closed loop of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model.

[0006] By adopting the technical scheme, the internal structure of the cell membrane can be completely displayed, meanwhile, a flexible and easily disassembled and assembled model frame structure is provided, the frame structure can not only realize dynamic display of the cell membrane shape, but also provide necessary space for demonstration of the membrane protein movement mode and transport function.

[0007] Further limited, the hard wire is a wire, the phospholipid molecule head module is a hollow sphere, and the phospholipid molecule tail module is a hard wire.

[0008] By adopting the technical scheme, the frame of the cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model is light and firm, and is easy to assemble, and is more practical.

[0009] Further limited, the hollow sphere is a ping-pong ball, and the hard wire is an electric wire.

[0010] By adopting the technical scheme, the cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model can be made of convenient materials, and has low cost and is convenient to popularize.

[0011] Further limited, the penetrating membrane protein molecule module, the semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module, the full-embedded membrane protein molecule module and the floating membrane protein molecule module are all made of white hard foam.

[0012] By adopting the technical scheme, the structure of the cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model is light, convenient to obtain materials and low in cost.

[0013] Further limited, the cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model further comprises a movable membrane protein molecule module and an ion module, the movable membrane protein molecule module is composed of a hand-held rod and a movable membrane protein molecule body, the hand-held rod is located outside the movable membrane protein molecule body, the ion module is a spherical particle, the movable membrane protein molecule module is composed of a hand-held rod and a movable membrane protein molecule body, the movable membrane protein molecule body has at least one embedded hole matched with the ion module.

[0014] By adopting the technical scheme, the self-rotation and lateral movement of the membrane protein can be demonstrated, and the active transport function of the membrane protein on the ions can be demonstrated.

[0015] Further limited, the movable membrane protein molecule body is made of white rigid foam.

[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the membrane protein molecule body can be used flexibly, and the ion module can be embedded conveniently.

[0017] Further limited, at least one of the through-type membrane protein molecule modules is internally provided with a hollow ion channel penetrating up and down, and the ion channel has a diameter greater than that of the ion module. By adopting the technical scheme, the combination of the membrane protein and the sugar chain into a glycoprotein can be demonstrated.

[0018] Further limited, the sugar chain module is composed of a sugar base module insertion rod and at least two sugar base modules, the sugar base module has a regular hexagonal cross section, the sugar base modules are interconnected by iron wires along the cross section, and the sugar base modules are made of hard plastic.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the combination of the membrane protein and the sugar chain into a glycoprotein can be demonstrated, and the model structure is light, convenient to obtain materials and low in cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a phospholipid bilayer model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a top view of Figure 1

[0023] ​Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a mobile membrane protein module;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a mobile membrane protein movement;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of ion entry into an ion channel;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of ion exit from an ion channel;

[0027] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a mobile membrane protein binding to an ion;

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a mobile membrane protein-ion binding crossing the upper layer of a phospholipid molecule;

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a mobile membrane protein-ion binding crossing the lower layer of a phospholipid molecule;

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a sugar chain module;

[0031] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a membrane protein binding to a sugar chain to form a glycoprotein.

[0032] Legend:

[0033] Phospholipid bilayer model 1, upper layer of phospholipid molecule model 11, lower layer of phospholipid molecule model 12, head module of phospholipid molecule 111, tail module of phospholipid molecule 112, hard wire 113, penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, ion channel 131, semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15, floating membrane protein molecule module 16, closed circle 17, module string 18, sugar chain module 2, sugar base module 21, sugar base module insertion rod (22), mobile membrane protein molecule module 3, mobile membrane protein molecule body 31, embedded hole 32, handheld rod 33, ion module 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The utility model will be described in detail below through examples, which is only used for further explaining the utility model and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the technical solutions recorded in the embodiment can still be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model. Example 1

[0035] As Figure 1 andFigure 2 As shown in the drawings, a cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model comprises a phospholipid bilayer model 1, the phospholipid bilayer model 1 comprises a phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12 are both composed of phospholipid molecule head module 111 and phospholipid molecule tail module 112, the phospholipid molecule head module 111 is made of ping-pong balls, and the phospholipid molecule tail module 112 is made of electric wires. The phospholipid molecule tail module 112 of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 is arranged opposite to the phospholipid molecule tail module 112 of the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12. On the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, the outermost phospholipid molecule head module 111 is connected by iron wires to form a closed circle 17, and inside the closed circle 17, there are multiple groups of module strings 18 formed by phospholipid molecule head modules 111 connected by iron wires and arranged in parallel closely, both ends of the module string 18 are connected with the closed circle 17 of the layer, and there are gaps between the module strings 18. The phospholipid bilayer model 1 is also provided with a penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, a semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, a fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15 and a floating membrane protein molecule module 16, all of which are made of white hard foam. The penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13 has three upper and lower ends connected to the closed circle 17 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12 respectively, and the penetrating membrane protein molecule model 13 supports the frame of the phospholipid bilayer model 1.

[0036] Gently push the phospholipid bilayer model 1 in the horizontal direction, and the phospholipid molecule head module 111 connected by iron wires, the penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, the semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, the fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15 and the floating membrane protein molecule module 16 sway back and forth and left and right with the frame of the phospholipid bilayer model 1. This process demonstrates that the cell membrane has a certain flowability, and the positions of membrane protein molecules and phospholipid molecules can move relatively. Example two

[0037] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model includes a phospholipid bilayer model 1, which includes a phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, both of which are composed of phospholipid molecule head modules 111 and phospholipid molecule tail modules 112. The phospholipid molecule head modules 111 are made of ping-pong balls, and the phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 are made of electric wires. The phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 are oppositely arranged with the phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 of the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12. On the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, the outermost phospholipid molecule head modules 111 are connected by iron wires to form a closed circle 17. Inside the closed circle 17, there are multiple groups of module strings 18 formed by phospholipid molecule head modules 111 connected by iron wires, which are arranged in parallel and closely. The module strings 18 are connected at both ends to the closed circle 17 of the layer, and there are gaps between the module strings 18. The phospholipid bilayer model 1 is also provided with a penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, a semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, a fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15, and a floating membrane protein molecule module 16, all of which are made of white hard foam. The upper and lower ends of the three penetrating membrane protein molecule modules 13 are connected to the closed circles 17 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, respectively. The penetrating membrane protein molecule model 13 supports the framework of the phospholipid bilayer model 1.

[0038] As shown in the figure, Figure 3 The cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model also includes a movable membrane protein molecule module 3, which is composed of a handheld rod 33 and a movable membrane protein molecule body 31. The handheld rod 33 is located on the outside of the movable membrane protein molecule body 31, and the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 is made of white hard foam.

[0039] As shown in the figure, Figure 4 The handheld rod 33 of the movable membrane protein molecule module 3 moves the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 in the gap between the module strings 18 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 in the direction of the arrow, and at the same time rotates the handheld rod 33 to make the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 axially rotate. This process demonstrates two main modes of motion of membrane protein molecules, lateral movement and self-rotation. Example Three

[0040] As shown in the figure, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, a cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model includes a phospholipid bilayer model 1, which includes a phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, both of which are composed of phospholipid molecule head module 111 and phospholipid molecule tail module 112, the phospholipid molecule head module 111 is made of ping pong balls, and the phospholipid molecule tail module 112 is made of electric wires. The phospholipid molecule tail module 112 of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 is arranged opposite to the phospholipid molecule tail module 112 of the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12. On the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, the outermost phospholipid molecule head module 111 is connected by iron wire to form a closed circle 17, and inside the closed circle 17, there are multiple groups of module strings 18 formed by phospholipid molecule head modules 111 connected by iron wire, which are arranged in parallel and closely, the two ends of the module string 18 are connected with the closed circle 17 of the layer, and there is a gap between the module strings 18. The phospholipid bilayer model 1 is also provided with a penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, a semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, a fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15 and a floating membrane protein molecule module 16, which are all made of white hard foam. The upper and lower ends of the three penetrating membrane protein molecule modules 13 are connected to the closed circles 17 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12 respectively, and the penetrating membrane protein molecule model 13 supports the frame of the phospholipid bilayer model 1.

[0041] As shown in the figure, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model also includes an ion module 4, which is a spherical particle, and a penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13 has a hollow ion channel 131 penetrating from top to bottom inside, and the pore diameter of the ion channel 131 is larger than the diameter of the ion module 4. The ion module 4 is thrown from the upper end of the ion channel 131 and falls out from the lower end of the ion channel 131 in the direction of the arrow, which demonstrates the passive transport function of membrane protein to ions.

[0042] As shown in the figure, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model also includes a movable membrane protein molecule module 3, which is composed of a handheld rod 33 and a movable membrane protein molecule body 31, the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 is made of white hard foam, and the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 has an embedded hole 32 for matching the ion module 4, the pore diameter of the embedded hole 32 matches the diameter of the ion module 4, and the ion module 4 is conveniently embedded in the embedded hole 32.

[0043] AsFigure 7 As shown, the ion module 4 is embedded in the embedding hole 32 on the movable membrane protein molecule module 3, as Figure 8 As shown, the hand-held rod 33 of the movable membrane protein molecule module 3 is held in hand, and the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 is moved downward along the arrow direction, across the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 through the gaps between the module strings 18 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11, and then as Figure 9 As shown, the movable membrane protein molecule body 31 is continuously moved downward along the arrow direction, across the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12 through the gaps between the module strings 18 on the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12. This process demonstrates the active transport function of membrane proteins to ions. Example Four

[0044] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 A cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model includes a phospholipid bilayer model 1, which includes a phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and a phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, both of which are composed of phospholipid molecule head modules 111 and phospholipid molecule tail modules 112. The phospholipid molecule head modules 111 are made of ping-pong balls, and the phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 are made of electric wires. The phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 of the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 are oppositely arranged with the phospholipid molecule tail modules 112 of the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12. On the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12, the outermost phospholipid molecule head modules 111 are connected in series by iron wires to form a closed circle 17. Inside the closed circle 17, there are multiple groups of module strings 18 formed by phospholipid molecule head modules 111 connected in series by iron wires, which are arranged in parallel and closely. The module strings 18 are connected at both ends to the closed circle 17 of the layer, and there are gaps between the module strings 18. The phospholipid bilayer model 1 is also provided with a penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, a semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14, a fully embedded membrane protein molecule module 15, and a floating membrane protein molecule module 16, all of which are made of white hard foam. There are three penetrating membrane protein molecule modules 13, which are connected to the closed circles 17 on the phospholipid molecule upper layer model 11 and the phospholipid molecule lower layer model 12 at the upper and lower ends, respectively. The penetrating membrane protein molecule model 13 supports the framework of the phospholipid bilayer model 1.

[0045] As shown in Figure 10 The above-mentioned cell membrane mosaic flow stereoscopic dynamic model also includes a sugar chain module 2, which is composed of a sugar base module insertion rod 22 and multiple sugar base modules 21. The sugar base modules 21 are made of hard plastic with a regular hexagonal cross-section, and are connected to each other by iron wires along the cross-section.

[0046] As shown in Figure 11 The sugar base module of the sugar chain module 2 is inserted into the upper end of the penetrating membrane protein molecule module 13, the semi-embedded membrane protein molecule module 14 and the floating membrane protein molecule module 16 respectively. This process demonstrates the process of combining membrane protein molecules and sugar chains into glycoproteins.

[0047] The above only discloses the preferred embodiments of the present application, and of course cannot limit the scope of the present application, and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application still fall within the scope of the present application.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The model can facilitate the observation of the internal structure of the cell membrane, dynamically display the flow mosaic structure of the cell membrane, the types of membrane proteins, the movement mode and the transport function, and improve the teaching effect of the knowledge related to the cell membrane. Meanwhile, the model has the characteristics of lightness, firmness, detachability, easy assembly, convenient material selection and low price, and has high practicability.

[0050] Of course, any product implementing the present application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described below. The contents not described in detail in the specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional dynamic model of cell membrane mosaic flow, comprising a phospholipid bilayer model (1), characterized in that: The phospholipid bilayer model (1) includes an upper phospholipid molecule model (11) and a lower phospholipid molecule model (12). Both the upper phospholipid molecule model (11) and the lower phospholipid molecule model (12) are composed of a phospholipid molecule head module (111) and a phospholipid molecule tail module (112). The phospholipid molecule tail module (112) of the upper phospholipid molecule model (11) is arranged opposite to the phospholipid molecule tail module (112) of the lower phospholipid molecule model (12). On the upper phospholipid molecule model (11) and the lower phospholipid molecule model (12), the outermost phospholipid molecule head module (111) is connected in series by rigid wires (113) to form a closed loop (17). 17) On the inner side, there are multiple sets of module strings (18) formed by connecting phospholipid molecule head modules (111) through rigid wires (113) arranged in parallel and tightly. The two ends of the module strings (18) are connected to the closed loops (17) of the layer. There are gaps between the module strings (18). At the same time, the phospholipid bilayer model (1) is also provided with through-type membrane protein molecule modules (13), semi-embedded membrane protein molecule modules (14), fully embedded membrane protein molecule modules (15) and floating membrane protein molecule modules (16). At least three of the through-type membrane protein molecule modules (13) are simultaneously connected to the closed loops (17) on the upper phospholipid molecule model (11) and the lower phospholipid molecule model (12).

2. The cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid wire (113) is an iron wire, the phospholipid molecule head module (111) is a hollow sphere, and the phospholipid molecule tail module (112) is a rigid wire.

3. The cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hollow sphere is a ping-pong ball, and the rigid wire is an electric wire.

4. The cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through-type membrane protein molecular module (13), the semi-embedded membrane protein molecular module (14), the fully embedded membrane protein molecular module (15), and the floating membrane protein molecular module (16) are all made of white rigid foam.

5. The cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a movable membrane protein molecular module (3), which consists of a handheld rod (33) and a movable membrane protein molecular body (31), with the handheld rod (33) located outside the movable membrane protein molecular body (31).

6. A cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes an ion module (4), which is a spherical particle. The mobile membrane protein molecule (31) has at least one embedding hole (32) for use with the ion module (4), and the diameter of the embedding hole (32) matches the diameter of the ion module (4).

7. A cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mobile membrane protein molecule (31) is made of white rigid foam.

8. A cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 6, characterized in that: At least one of the through-membrane protein molecular modules (13) has a hollow ion channel (131) that runs vertically through it, and the pore size of the ion channel (131) is larger than the diameter of the ion module (4).

9. A cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sugar chain module (2), which consists of a sugar base module insert (22) and at least two sugar base modules (21). The cross-section of the sugar base module (21) is a regular hexagon, and the sugar base modules are interconnected with each other along the cross-section by rigid wires.

10. A cell membrane mosaic flow three-dimensional dynamic model according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rigid wire is iron wire, and the sugar-based module (21) is made of rigid plastic.

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