Punching machine for printed circuit board

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of printed circuit board processing, in particular to a printed circuit board punching machine which comprises a workbench, a punching mechanism, a positioning mechanism, an alignment adjusting mechanism and a vacuum adsorption device. The punching mechanism enables a punch assembly to move up and down through a driving unit, the positioning mechanism achieves accurate positioning of a circuit board through an air cylinder and a sensor assembly, and the alignment adjusting mechanism adjusts the punching position and angle through a stepping motor and an angle adjusting assembly. The vacuum adsorption device ensures stable fixation of the circuit board, and the conveying mechanism assists circuit board transmission. The punching precision and the production efficiency can be remarkably improved, the machining requirements of high-density and multi-layer circuit boards are met, and the problems of insufficient precision and low efficiency in the prior art are effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to printed circuit board processing equipment technical field, specifically is a kind of printed circuit board punching machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic industry, as the core component of electronic equipment, the manufacturing precision and efficiency requirement of printed circuit board (PCB) is continuously improved. As a key equipment in the production of printed circuit board, punching machine plays a crucial role in drilling, positioning and processing. However, the existing punching machine still has many shortcomings in mechanical structure design and function realization, which is difficult to meet the dual needs of high precision punching and high efficiency production of modern high density, multilayer circuit board.

[0003] Most of the punching machines on the market rely on traditional mechanical positioning device or simple optical alignment system for hole position calibration. These devices are usually composed of support platform, transmission mechanism, positioning clamp, driving motor, guide rail, screw, air cylinder and other basic mechanical components, and the structure is relatively simple, but the positioning accuracy and processing efficiency are low, especially when facing complex shape or flexible circuit board, the adaptability is poor. In addition, the mechanical structure design of traditional punching machine often lacks intelligent adjustment ability, resulting in large punching position deviation, which affects product quality.

[0004] Through retrieval, it is found that the patent with publication number CN109922604B discloses a circuit board inner layer punching machine pre-alignment structure, which realizes automatic conveying and pre-alignment function through support platform, circuit board transmission mechanism, XYY platform and pre-alignment camera. Although this scheme can reduce the labor intensity and reduce the production cost, the alignment accuracy mainly depends on the cooperative work of pre-alignment camera and XYY platform, and the adaptability to the punching needs of complex shape or flexible circuit board is insufficient, and the accurate processing of special-shaped hole cannot be realized. At the same time, the mechanical structure of the device is relatively complex, and the number of parts is relatively large, including multiple servo motors, transmission mechanism, sensors and positioning modules, which increases the manufacturing and maintenance difficulty of the device.

[0005] Another patent with publication number CN114390785B discloses a flexible circuit board full-automatic special-shaped punching machine, which clamps the flexible circuit board through flexible clamping jaw, and realizes XY axis horizontal movement and Z axis rotary movement by combining servo module, so as to solve the punching problem of special-shaped hole on flexible circuit board. However, this device is mainly designed for flexible circuit board, and it is insufficient to support the high-precision punching needs of rigid or multilayer circuit board. In addition, its complex servo module and multi-axis linkage mechanism (such as ball screw, linear guide rail, rotary platform, etc.) significantly increase the cost and maintenance difficulty of the device, which limits its wide application in large-scale production.

[0006] The above prior art shows that the traditional punching machine has the following problems in mechanical structure design: first, the positioning accuracy is insufficient, which is difficult to meet the micro-hole processing requirements of high-density circuit boards; second, the equipment adaptability is poor, which cannot meet the diversified processing requirements of rigid, flexible and multi-layer circuit boards; third, the mechanical structure is complex, the number of parts is large, which leads to high equipment cost and difficult maintenance; fourth, the processing efficiency is low, and intelligent and automatic operation cannot be realized. These problems seriously restrict the development of the printed circuit board manufacturing industry.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of printed circuit board punching machine to optimize the mechanical structure design, improve the positioning accuracy, adaptability and processing efficiency of the equipment, and reduce the complexity and maintenance cost of the equipment, so as to meet the processing requirements of modern printed circuit board manufacturing for high precision, high efficiency and diversification. The utility model aims to provide an intelligent and high-precision printed circuit board punching machine to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide a more intelligent, efficient and adaptive solution for the processing requirements of various types of circuit boards. Utility model content

[0008] The utility model provides a kind of printed circuit board punching machine, to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy and low efficiency of existing punching machine in high-density, multi-layer circuit board processing. To solve the above problems, the utility model is realized as follows: a kind of printed circuit board punching machine, comprising: fixedly installed on the base for carrying circuit board workbench;Punching mechanism is arranged above the workbench, and the punching mechanism includes movable punch assembly and driving unit for driving the punch assembly up and down movement;Positioning mechanism is installed on the base, and the positioning mechanism is used for accurately positioning circuit board;And alignment adjustment mechanism is arranged between the workbench and the punching mechanism, and the alignment adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting the relative position between the punch assembly and circuit board.

[0009] The punching mechanism includes: a column fixedly installed on the base, a slide rail is arranged on the column;Slidingly connected on the slide rail, the slider is fixedly connected with the punch assembly;Driving motor is fixedly installed on the top of the column, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the slider through transmission assembly, for driving the slider to move up and down along the slide rail.

[0010] The positioning mechanism includes: a positioning frame fixedly installed on the workbench, a plurality of telescopic positioning pins are arranged in the positioning frame;Air cylinder is fixedly installed on the outer side of the positioning frame, the output shaft of the air cylinder is connected with the positioning pin, for driving the positioning pin to extend or retract to clamp or release circuit board;And sensor assembly is arranged on the positioning frame, and the sensor assembly is used for detecting the position information of circuit board and feeding back to control system.

[0011] The alignment adjusting mechanism comprises: an adjusting frame fixedly installed on the base, a horizontal guide rail being arranged on the adjusting frame; an adjusting seat slidably connected to the horizontal guide rail, the adjusting seat being fixedly connected with the punching mechanism; a stepping motor fixedly installed on the adjusting frame, an output shaft of the stepping motor being connected with the adjusting seat through a lead screw, for driving the adjusting seat to move along the horizontal guide rail; and an angle adjusting assembly arranged on the adjusting frame, the angle adjusting assembly being used for fine adjustment of the angle of the punching mechanism.

[0012] The angle adjusting assembly comprises: a rotating seat fixedly installed on the adjusting seat, an arc-shaped guide groove being arranged on the rotating seat; an adjusting block slidably connected in the arc-shaped guide groove, the adjusting block being fixedly connected with the punching mechanism; a micro motor fixedly installed on the rotating seat, an output shaft of the micro motor being meshingly connected with the adjusting block through a gear set, for driving the adjusting block to move along the arc-shaped guide groove to change the angle of the punching mechanism.

[0013] The workbench is provided with a vacuum suction device for suction of the circuit board, the vacuum suction device comprising: a suction hole opened in the surface of the workbench; a vacuum pump fixedly installed at the bottom of the workbench, the vacuum pump being communicated with the suction hole through a pipeline; and a pressure sensor arranged on the workbench, the pressure sensor being used for detection of the suction force and real-time adjustment of the working state of the vacuum pump.

[0014] The base is provided with a conveying mechanism for auxiliary transmission of the circuit board, the conveying mechanism comprising: a conveying belt assembly fixedly installed on both sides of the base; a clamping piece fixedly installed on the conveying belt assembly, the clamping piece being used for clamping the circuit board and feeding it into the workbench; and a photoelectric sensor arranged on the conveying belt assembly, the photoelectric sensor being used for detection of the transmission position of the circuit board and control of the start and stop of the conveying belt assembly.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the printed circuit board punching machine provided by the scheme can significantly improve the punching precision through the synergistic effect of the precise positioning mechanism and the alignment adjusting mechanism, has the ability of efficient production and adaptation to the processing needs of various types of circuit boards, and solves the problems of large punching deviation and low production efficiency in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic view of the utility model, which shows the main components of the printed circuit board punching machine, including base, workbench, punching mechanism, positioning mechanism, alignment adjusting mechanism and conveying mechanism.

[0017] Figure 2It is a structural schematic view of the punching mechanism, which shows the connection relationship of the stand, slide rail, slide block, driving motor and transmission assembly, and the installation position of the punch assembly in detail.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic view of the positioning mechanism, which focuses on the arrangement of the positioning frame, positioning pin, air cylinder and sensor assembly, and the connection relationship with the workbench.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the alignment adjustment mechanism, which describes the composition of the adjustment frame, horizontal guide rail, adjustment seat, stepping motor and angle adjustment assembly, and their mutual cooperation relationship in detail.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged view of the workbench, which shows the arrangement of the suction hole of the vacuum suction device, vacuum pump and pressure sensor, and the connection details with the workbench.

[0021] The reference signs are as follows:

[0022] 1, base; 2, workbench; 3, punching mechanism; 4, positioning mechanism; 5, alignment adjustment mechanism; 6, conveying mechanism; 7, stand; 8, slide rail; 9, slide block; 10, driving motor; 11, transmission assembly; 12, punch assembly; 13, positioning frame; 14, positioning pin; 15, air cylinder; 16, sensor assembly; 17, adjustment frame; 18, horizontal guide rail; 19, adjustment seat; 20, stepping motor; 21, lead screw; 22, angle adjustment assembly; 23, rotating seat; 24, arc-shaped guide groove; 25, adjustment block; 26, micro motor; 27, gear set; 28, vacuum suction device; 29, suction hole; 30, vacuum pump; 31, pressure sensor; 32, conveying belt assembly; 33, clamping piece; 34, photoelectric sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The utility model provides a kind of printed circuit board punching machine, and its specific implementation mode is described in detail with reference to the drawings.The following description will expand the overall structure of the device, the function realization of each main component and the complete process of operating principle one by one.

[0024] As Figure 1As shown, the overall structure of the utility model includes base 1, workbench 2, punching mechanism 3, positioning mechanism 4, alignment adjustment mechanism 5 and conveying mechanism 6. These components work together to ensure that high-density multilayer circuit boards can achieve high-precision punching and efficient production during the machining process. Base 1 as the basis of the entire device bearing components, fixedly installed with all other key components. Workbench 2 is located on base 1, used to carry circuit boards and cooperate with other mechanisms to complete the processing task. Punching mechanism 3 is arranged above workbench 2, responsible for performing specific punching operations. Positioning mechanism 4 and alignment adjustment mechanism 5 are used to realize the precise positioning of the circuit board and the relative position adjustment between the punch and the circuit board respectively. Conveying mechanism 6 assists the automated transmission of the circuit board, thereby improving the overall production efficiency.

[0025] The specific structure of punching mechanism 3 is as shown in Figure 2 The core components include column 7, slide rail 8, sliding block 9, drive motor 10, transmission assembly 11 and punch assembly 12. Column 7 is fixedly installed on base 1, and slide rail 8 is arranged on the side surface thereof. Sliding block 9 is installed on slide rail 8 by sliding connection, and is fixedly connected with punch assembly 12. Drive motor 10 is fixedly installed on the top of column 7, and its output shaft is connected with sliding block 9 through transmission assembly 11, used to drive sliding block 9 to move up and down along slide rail 8, thereby realizing the lifting movement of punch assembly 12. Transmission assembly 11 can adopt gear rack, belt pulley or other suitable mechanical transmission form to ensure the smooth and accurate movement of punch assembly 12. Punch assembly 12 needs to be designed to meet the requirements of high strength and high wear resistance, and is usually made of hard alloy material, so as to form high-quality holes on high-density circuit boards. In actual operation, when the circuit board is accurately positioned, drive motor 10 is started and sliding block 9 is driven to move downward along slide rail 8 through transmission assembly 11, so that punch assembly 12 contacts the surface of the circuit board and completes the punching action. Subsequently, drive motor 10 is reversed to drive sliding block 9 and punch assembly 12 to reset, ready for the next punching.

[0026] The structure of positioning mechanism 4 is as shown in Figure 3As shown, it mainly consists of positioning frame 13, positioning pin 14, air cylinder 15 and sensor assembly 16. Positioning frame 13 is fixedly installed on workbench 2, and multiple retractable positioning pins 14 are arranged inside. Air cylinder 15 is fixedly installed on the outside of positioning frame 13, and its output shaft is connected with positioning pin 14, used to drive positioning pin 14 to extend or retract, thereby clamping or releasing the circuit board. Sensor assembly 16 is arranged on positioning frame 13, used to detect the position information of the circuit board and feed back the data to the control system. In actual application, when the circuit board is sent into workbench 2 by conveying mechanism 6, air cylinder 15 drives positioning pin 14 to extend, clamping the circuit board in positioning frame 13. Sensor assembly 16 monitors the position of the circuit board in real time, and adjusts the action of positioning pin 14 according to the detection result, ensuring that the circuit board reaches the best positioning state before punching. This design not only improves the positioning accuracy, but also can adapt to the processing needs of circuit boards of different sizes and shapes.

[0027] The structure of alignment adjustment mechanism 5 is shown in Figure 4 It mainly includes adjustment rack 17, horizontal guide rail 18, adjustment seat 19, stepping motor 20, lead screw 21 and angle adjustment assembly 22. Adjustment rack 17 is fixedly installed on base 1, and horizontal guide rail 18 is arranged on the top. Adjustment seat 19 is installed on horizontal guide rail 18 by sliding connection, and is fixedly connected with punching mechanism 3. Stepping motor 20 is fixedly installed on adjustment rack 17, and its output shaft is connected with adjustment seat 19 through lead screw 21, used to drive adjustment seat 19 to move along horizontal guide rail 18, thereby adjusting the horizontal relative position between punching mechanism 3 and the circuit board. Angle adjustment assembly 22 further enhances the flexibility of alignment adjustment, and its structure includes rotating seat 23, arc-shaped guide groove 24, adjustment block 25, micro motor 26 and gear set 27. Rotating seat 23 is fixedly installed on adjustment seat 19, and arc-shaped guide groove 24 is opened on its surface. Adjustment block 25 is installed in arc-shaped guide groove 24 by sliding connection, and is fixedly connected with punching mechanism 3. Micro motor 26 is fixedly installed on rotating seat 23, and its output shaft is meshingly connected with adjustment block 25 through gear set 27, used to drive adjustment block 25 to move along arc-shaped guide groove 24, thereby changing the angle of punching mechanism 3. In actual operation, when the circuit board is positioned, the control system drives stepping motor 20 and micro motor 26 to work cooperatively according to the preset parameters, so that punch assembly 12 of punching mechanism 3 is accurately aligned with the target punching position on the circuit board. This design significantly improves the punching precision, especially suitable for processing complex patterns or multi-layer circuit boards.

[0028] The partial enlarged view of workbench 2 is shown in Figure 5As shown, a vacuum suction device 28 is arranged thereon for stable suction of the circuit board. The vacuum suction device 28 comprises suction holes 29, a vacuum pump 30 and a pressure sensor 31. The suction holes 29 are arranged on the surface of the workbench 2 and are evenly distributed to ensure the balance of suction force. The vacuum pump 30 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the workbench 2 and is communicated with the suction holes 29 through a pipeline for generating negative pressure on the surface of the workbench 2. The pressure sensor 31 is arranged on the workbench 2 for detecting the size of the suction force and feeding back data to the control system so as to adjust the working state of the vacuum pump 30 in real time. In actual application, when the circuit board is clamped by the positioning mechanism 4, the vacuum pump 30 is started and the circuit board is firmly sucked on the surface of the workbench 2 through the suction holes 29. The pressure sensor 31 monitors the change of the suction force in real time and adjusts the output power of the vacuum pump 30 according to the detection result, so as to ensure that the circuit board maintains a stable state during the whole machining process. This design effectively avoids the punching deviation caused by vibration or displacement.

[0029] The main function of the conveying mechanism 6 is to assist the automatic transmission of the circuit board. The structure thereof comprises a conveying belt assembly 32, a clamping piece 33 and a photoelectric sensor 34. The conveying belt assembly 32 is fixedly installed on both sides of the base 1 and realizes smooth transmission of the circuit board through synchronous driving. The clamping piece 33 is fixedly installed on the conveying belt assembly 32 and is used for clamping the circuit board and feeding it into the workbench 2. The photoelectric sensor 34 is arranged on the conveying belt assembly 32 and is used for detecting the transmission position of the circuit board and feeding back data to the control system so as to control the start and stop of the conveying belt assembly 32. In actual operation, when the circuit board is placed on the conveying belt assembly 32, the clamping piece 33 clamps it and moves along the conveying direction. The photoelectric sensor 34 monitors the transmission position of the circuit board in real time and sends a signal when the circuit board reaches the workbench 2, so that the conveying belt assembly 32 stops running and hands over the circuit board to the positioning mechanism 4. This design realizes the fully automatic process of the circuit board machining and greatly improves the production efficiency.

[0030] In summary, the printed circuit board punching machine provided by the utility model can significantly improve the punching precision through the synergistic effect of the precise positioning mechanism 4 and the alignment adjustment mechanism 5, and has the ability of efficient production and adaptation to the machining requirements of various types of circuit boards. The specific implementation manner covers the whole process from the transmission of the circuit board to the completion of punching, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the equipment in actual application.

[0031] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A printed circuit board puncher characterized by comprising: The utility model relates to a circuit board punching device, including: The worktable (2) for bearing circuit board is fixedly installed on the base (1); The punching mechanism (3) is arranged above the worktable (2), and the punching mechanism (3) includes movable punch assembly (12) and the drive unit for driving the up-and-down movement of punch assembly (12);Positioning mechanism (4) is installed on the base (1), and the positioning mechanism (4) is used to position circuit board; The alignment adjusting mechanism (5) is arranged between the worktable (2) and the punching mechanism (3), and the alignment adjusting mechanism (5) is used to adjust the relative position between punch assembly (12) and circuit board.

2. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, The punching mechanism (3) includes: The column (7) is fixedly installed on the base (1), and the slide rail (8) is arranged on the column (7);The sliding block (9) is slidably connected on the slide rail (8), and the sliding block (9) is fixedly connected with punch assembly (12); The drive motor (10) is fixedly installed on the top of column (7), and the output shaft of drive motor (10) is connected with sliding block (9) through transmission assembly (11), which is used to drive sliding block (9) to move up and down along slide rail (8).

3. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, The positioning mechanism (4) includes: The positioning frame (13) is fixedly installed on the worktable (2), and a plurality of retractable positioning pins (14) are arranged in the positioning frame (13); The air cylinder (15) is fixedly installed on the outer side of positioning frame (13), and the output shaft of air cylinder (15) is connected with positioning pin (14), which is used to drive positioning pin (14) to extend or retract to clamp or release circuit board; The sensor assembly (16) is arranged on the positioning frame (13), and the sensor assembly (16) is used to detect the position information of circuit board.

4. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, The alignment adjusting mechanism (5) includes: The adjusting frame (17) is fixedly installed on the base (1), and the horizontal guide rail (18) is arranged on the adjusting frame (17); The adjusting seat (19) is slidably connected on the horizontal guide rail (18), and the adjusting seat (19) is fixedly connected with the punching mechanism (3); The step motor (20) is fixedly installed on the adjusting frame (17), and the output shaft of step motor (20) is connected with adjusting seat (19) through lead screw (21), which is used to drive adjusting seat (19) to move along horizontal guide rail (18); The angle adjusting assembly (22) is arranged on the adjusting frame (17), and the angle adjusting assembly (22) is used to adjust the angle of punching mechanism (3).

5. The printed circuit board punch of claim 4 wherein, The angle adjusting assembly (22) includes: The rotating seat (23) is fixedly installed on the adjusting seat (19), and the arc-shaped guide groove (24) is arranged on the rotating seat (23); The adjusting block (25) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped guide groove (24), and the adjusting block (25) is fixedly connected with the punching mechanism (3). A micro motor (26) is fixedly installed on the rotating seat (23), an output shaft of the micro motor (26) is connected with the adjusting block (25) through a gear set (27) for driving the adjusting block (25) to move along the arc-shaped guide groove (24) to change the angle of the punching mechanism (3).

6. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, A vacuum adsorption device (28) for adsorbing the circuit board is arranged on the workbench (2), the vacuum adsorption device (28) comprises: An adsorption hole (29) is arranged on the surface of the workbench (2); A vacuum pump (30) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the workbench (2), the vacuum pump (30) is communicated with the adsorption hole (29) through a pipeline; A pressure sensor (31) is arranged on the workbench (2), the pressure sensor (31) is used for detecting the adsorption force.

7. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, A conveying mechanism (6) for assisting the transmission of the circuit board is arranged on the base (1), the conveying mechanism (6) comprises: A conveying belt assembly (32) is fixedly installed on both sides of the base (1); A clamping piece (33) is fixedly installed on the conveying belt assembly (32), the clamping piece (33) is used for clamping the circuit board and feeding it into the workbench (2); 8. The printed circuit board punch of claim 1 wherein, A photoelectric sensor (34) is arranged on the conveying belt assembly (32), the photoelectric sensor (34) is used for detecting the transmission position of the circuit board. The surface of the workbench (2) is a plane structure, and the workbench (2) and the base (1) are fixedly connected through bolts.

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