Biomass carbonization and dry distillation device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass carbonization and dry distillation device, and belongs to the technical field of carbonization furnaces. The biomass carbonization and dry distillation device comprises a feeding mechanism, a drying mechanism, a carbonization mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a combustion furnace, a tail gas treatment mechanism, a dry distillation recovery mechanism and a conveying mechanism, raw materials sequentially flow through the feeding mechanism, the drying mechanism, the carbonizing mechanism and the discharging mechanism through the conveying mechanism; the carbonization mechanism is arranged in a combustion cavity of the combustion furnace, an exhaust port of the combustion furnace is communicated with an air inlet of the drying mechanism, the tail gas treatment mechanism is communicated with an exhaust port of the drying mechanism, and the dry distillation recovery mechanism is communicated with an exhaust port of the carbonization mechanism. According to the scheme provided by the utility model, the capability of recovering combustible gas can be realized, extra fuel is not needed for heat supply in addition to a preheating stage, a flue gas purification system can reduce emission of harmful gas and particulate matters, and heat generated in a carbonization process is recycled through a heat recovery technology so as to preheat raw materials or be used for co-production of carbon powder.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to a biomass carbonization dry distillation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass is an important renewable energy, which is widely distributed and in large quantities. China has abundant biomass resources due to its vast territory. With the development of the times, the utilization of biomass energy has become an important research topic for the country. Biomass energy development can replace part of fossil energy in life, reduce environmental pollution, and save energy. Biomass carbonization technology refers to the process of heating and decomposing the cut or shaped biomass raw materials in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment to form biomass carbon, biomass oil, and non-condensable gas products. Biomass carbon has a wide range of applications, such as energy, soil conditioner, fertilizer slow-release carrier, CO2 sequestration agent, etc. for carbon sequestration and emission reduction, soil improvement, water purification, etc. Biomass carbonization furnace is the main equipment to achieve this purpose. At present, the existing biomass carbonization furnace has the disadvantages of not being able to continuously pyrolyze and carbonize, and serious waste of heat energy resources. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the problems in the prior art, the main purpose of the utility model is to provide a biomass carbonization dry distillation device, which can recover combustible gas, does not require additional fuel for heating in the preheating stage, and can reduce the emission of harmful gases and particulate matter through a flue gas purification system. The heat recovery technology recovers and utilizes the heat generated during the carbonization process to preheat the raw materials or for the co-production of carbon powder.

[0004] The utility model provides a biomass carbonization dry distillation device, which comprises a feeding mechanism, a drying mechanism, a carbonization mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a combustion furnace, a tail gas treatment mechanism, a dry distillation recovery mechanism, and a conveying mechanism.

[0005] The biomass raw materials flow through the feeding mechanism, the drying mechanism, the carbonization mechanism, and the discharging mechanism in sequence through the conveying mechanism.

[0006] The carbonization mechanism is arranged in the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace, the exhaust port of the combustion furnace is connected to the air inlet of the drying mechanism, the tail gas treatment mechanism is connected to the air outlet of the drying mechanism, and the dry distillation recovery mechanism is connected to the air outlet of the carbonization mechanism.

[0007] In some embodiments, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding bin and a first feeding pipe, the feeding bin is connected to the feeding port of the first feeding pipe, and the discharging port of the first feeding pipe is connected to the feeding port of the drying mechanism.

[0008] In some embodiments, the drying mechanism comprises a drying roller and a driving device for driving the drying roller to rotate, and a material guiding structure is arranged in the drying roller, which is used for conveying the biomass raw material from the feeding port of the drying roller to the discharging port of the drying roller.

[0009] In some embodiments, an insulation layer is arranged on the outer periphery of the drying roller.

[0010] In some embodiments, the carbonization mechanism comprises a second feeding pipe, a first carbonization pipe and a second carbonization pipe which are sequentially connected, the feeding port of the second feeding pipe is connected to the discharging port of the drying mechanism, the first carbonization pipe and the second carbonization pipe are arranged in the combustion cavity of the combustion furnace, and the first carbonization pipe is connected to the dry distillation recovery mechanism.

[0011] The second feeding pipe, the first carbonization pipe and the second carbonization pipe are all provided with the conveying mechanism.

[0012] In some embodiments, the tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a first fan, a tail gas absorption mechanism and a filter box.

[0013] The first fan is used for extracting hot flue gas in the combustion furnace, the drying mechanism is connected to the exhaust port of the combustion furnace, the tail gas absorption mechanism is connected to the drying mechanism, the air inlet of the first fan is connected to the tail gas absorption mechanism, and the air outlet of the first fan is connected to the filter box.

[0014] In some embodiments, the tail gas absorption mechanism is any one of a spray tower and a filter wet cloth.

[0015] In some embodiments, the dry distillation recovery mechanism comprises a first condensing pipe, a second condensing pipe and a liquid storage tank which are sequentially connected.

[0016] The first condensing pipe is connected to the carbonization mechanism, the exhaust port of the liquid storage tank is connected to a second fan through a pipeline, and the second fan is connected to the air inlet of the combustion furnace.

[0017] In some embodiments, the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying auger and a conveying motor for driving the conveying auger to rotate, and the feeding mechanism, the carbonization mechanism and the discharging mechanism are all provided with the conveying auger.

[0018] In some embodiments, a control system and a temperature sensor are further included, the temperature sensor is arranged in the combustion furnace, the temperature sensor is connected to the control system, and the conveying mechanism, the drying mechanism and the tail gas treatment mechanism are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0019] The technical scheme provided by the utility model can have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The biomass carbonization dry distillation device provided by the utility model utilizes the flue gas heat discharged by the combustion furnace to forcibly dry the biomass raw material, so as to reduce the moisture content of the raw material, recycle the combustible gas generated by the raw material pyrolysis, reduce the gas usage amount, improve the energy utilization rate of the device, and easily realize large-scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same components throughout the figures thereof.

[0022] Fig. 1 is the structure schematic view of the biomass carbonization dry distillation device shown in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Fig. 2 is another structure schematic view of the biomass carbonization dry distillation device shown in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Fig. 3 is the structure schematic view of the dry distillation recovery mechanism shown in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0025] Reference signs:

[0026] 1, feeding mechanism; 11, feeding bin; 12, first feeding pipe;

[0027] 2, drying mechanism; 21, drying roller;

[0028] 3, carbonization mechanism; 31, second feeding pipe; 32, first carbonization pipe; 33, second carbonization pipe;

[0029] 4, discharging mechanism;

[0030] 5, combustion furnace;

[0031] 6, tail gas treatment mechanism; 61, first fan; 62, tail gas absorption mechanism; 63, filter box;

[0032] 7, dry distillation recovery mechanism; 71, first condensing pipe; 72, second condensing pipe; 73, liquid storage tank; 74, second fan;

[0033] 8, conveying mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Preferred embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0035] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "one end", "the other end", "outer side", "upper", "inner side", "horizontal", "coaxial", "center", "end", "length", "outer end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0036] Furthermore, in the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] Currently, existing biomass fuel carbonization technologies primarily rely on burning wood to produce charcoal, which consumes large quantities of timber. Another method involves crushing biomass straw into fine powder, forming it into briquettes, and then carbonizing the briquettes in a carbonization furnace. This method suffers from drawbacks such as complex processes, long production cycles, high costs, and low daily processing capacity per unit. Therefore, most biomass straw is currently burned directly as waste, resulting in significant resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0038] The biomass carbonization and dry distillation device provided by this utility model can be used not only for green waste generated in gardens, but also for useless tailings and waste generated in the production of wood products, carbon source organic waste generated in urban and rural areas, and agricultural crops.

[0039] The biomass carbonization and dry distillation apparatus provided in this embodiment of the invention can recover combustible gases generated during the carbonization process. Except for the preheating stage, it basically does not require additional fuel heating. It is equipped with a high-efficiency flue gas purification system to reduce the emission of harmful gases and particulate matter. At the same time, it adopts heat recovery technology to recover the heat generated during the carbonization process for preheating raw materials or generating carbon powder co-production.

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figs. 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, the biomass carbonization and dry distillation device provided in this embodiment includes a feeding mechanism 1, a drying mechanism 2, a carbonization mechanism 3, a discharging mechanism 4, a combustion furnace 5, a tail gas treatment mechanism 6, a dry distillation and recovery mechanism 7, and a conveying mechanism 8.

[0042] The biomass raw material flows through the feeding mechanism 1, the drying mechanism 2, the carbonization mechanism 3 and the discharging mechanism 4 in sequence through the conveying mechanism 8;

[0043] The carbonization mechanism 3 is arranged in the combustion cavity of the combustion furnace 5, the exhaust port of the combustion furnace 5 is communicated with the air inlet of the drying mechanism 2, the tail gas treatment mechanism 6 is communicated with the air outlet of the drying mechanism 2, and the dry distillation recovery mechanism 7 is communicated with the air outlet of the carbonization mechanism 3.

[0044] When the technical scheme is applied, the biomass raw material enters the drying mechanism 2 from the feeding mechanism 1, and the biomass raw material is fully contacted with hot flue gas in the drying mechanism 2, so that the purpose of drying the moisture of the biomass raw material is achieved; the hot flue gas for drying the biomass raw material is treated by the tail gas treatment mechanism 6, and the biomass raw material after drying enters the carbonization mechanism 3 to perform pyrolysis reaction; the material obtained by the pyrolysis reaction is collected by the dry distillation recovery mechanism 7, and the combustible gas obtained by the pyrolysis reaction is transported to the combustion furnace 5 to continuously maintain the temperature of the furnace body of the combustion furnace.

[0045] The biomass carbonization and dry distillation device provided by the utility model utilizes the flue gas heat discharged by the combustion furnace 5 to forcibly dry the biomass raw material, so that the moisture content of the raw material is reduced, the combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material is recycled, the use amount of the combustible gas is reduced, the energy utilization rate of the device is improved, the device is easy to be enlarged, the process of drying, carbonization, cooling, separation, purification and biogas combustion of the biomass is reasonably divided and integrated, continuous production is realized, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the industrial enlargement is facilitated

[0046] Further, the feeding mechanism 1 comprises a feeding bin 11 and a first feeding pipe 12, the feeding bin 11 is communicated with the feeding port of the feeding pipe, and the discharging port of the feeding pipe is communicated with the feeding port of the drying mechanism 2.

[0047] Further, the drying mechanism 2 comprises a drying roller 21 and a driving device for driving the drying roller 21 to rotate, the drying roller 21 is provided with a material guiding structure, and the material guiding structure is used for conveying the biomass raw material from the feeding port of the drying roller 21 to the discharging port of the drying roller 21.

[0048] Further, the outer periphery of the drying roller 21 is provided with a heat preservation layer, for example, a rock wool board heat preservation plate which is wound and attached to the outer peripheral wall of the drying mechanism 21.

[0049] Further, the carbonization mechanism 3 comprises a second feeding pipe 31, a first carbonization pipe 32 and a second carbonization pipe 33 which are communicated in sequence, the feeding port of the second feeding pipe 31 is communicated with the discharging port of the drying mechanism 2, the first carbonization pipe 32 and the second carbonization pipe 33 are located in the combustion cavity of the combustion furnace 5, and the first carbonization pipe 32 is communicated with the dry distillation recovery mechanism 7.

[0050] The second feeding pipe 31, the first carbonization pipe 32 and the second carbonization pipe 33 are all provided with the conveying mechanism 8.

[0051] Further, the tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a first fan 61, a tail gas absorption mechanism 62 and a filter box 63.

[0052] The first fan 61 is used to extract the hot flue gas in the combustion furnace 5, the drying mechanism 2 is communicated with the exhaust port of the combustion furnace 5, the tail gas absorption mechanism 62 is communicated with the drying mechanism, the air inlet of the first fan 61 is communicated with the tail gas absorption mechanism 62, and the air outlet of the first fan 61 is communicated with the filter box 63.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first fan 61 extracts the hot flue gas from the combustion furnace 5 in the form of air extraction, the hot flue gas dries the biomass raw materials in the drying mechanism 2 when flowing through the drying mechanism 2, and then flows through the tail gas absorption mechanism 62 and the filter box 63, and performs first flue gas filtering treatment in the tail gas absorption mechanism 62 and second flue gas filtering treatment in the filter box 63. In some embodiments, the filter box 63 is provided with activated carbon, filter cotton net and cotton net filled with a catalyst for denitration.

[0054] Further, the tail gas absorption mechanism 62 is any one of a spray tower and a filter wet cotton cloth, the spray tower is composed of a tower body, a spraying device, a filler layer, a demisting layer and a liquid circulating system, the side wall of the tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet at the bottom, the bottom of the tower body is also provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid is uniformly sprayed on the filler layer through the spraying device, so that the flue gas is fully contacted with the liquid when passing through the filler layer, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the flue gas, and the liquid can be tap water or a surfactant added with emulsifiable tar in the flue gas. The filter wet cotton cloth is placed in a box, the box has an air inlet and an air outlet opposite to each other, and the box can contain a certain amount of liquid, which can be water or a certain amount of surfactant added in water. The filter wet cotton cloth is placed in the box, and the flue gas is fully contacted with the liquid when entering the box or passing through the filter wet cotton cloth, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the flue gas, and the liquid in the box can continuously provide water source for the filter wet cotton cloth to prevent the filter wet cotton cloth from drying out.

[0055] Further, the dry distillation recovery mechanism 7 comprises a first condensing pipe 71, a second condensing pipe 72 and a liquid storage tank 73 communicated in sequence.

[0056] The first condensing pipe 71 is connected with the carbonization mechanism 3, the exhaust port of the liquid storage tank 73 is connected with the second fan 74 through a pipe, and the second fan 74 is connected with the air inlet of the combustion furnace 5. The first condensing pipe 71 and the second condensing pipe 72 are both composed of a shell and a threaded pipe, and a liquid cooling cavity is arranged in the shell. The water flow direction of the liquid cooling cavity is from bottom to top. The liquid cooling cavity can be connected with a municipal water supply system, or be provided with a corresponding water storage facility connected with the water inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling cavity, and the circulation of water is completed by a water pump. The threaded pipe of the first condensing pipe 71 is connected with the threaded pipe of the second condensing pipe 72, the air inlet end of the first condensing pipe 71 is connected with the first carbonization pipe 32, and the air outlet end of the second condensing pipe 72 is connected with the liquid storage tank 73.

[0057] Further, the conveying mechanism 8 includes a conveying auger and a conveying motor for driving the conveying auger to rotate, and the feeding mechanism 1, the carbonization mechanism 3 and the discharging mechanism 4 are all provided with the conveying auger, and the conveying augers of the feeding mechanism 1, the carbonization mechanism 3 and the discharging mechanism 4 are independent of each other, so that the conveying auger can uniformly and stably convey the raw materials, and the conveying motor can control the feeding speed, the drying speed and the carbonization speed of the biomass raw materials according to the actual situation of each feeding, so as to ensure that the biomass raw materials have sufficient residence time in each mechanism and ensure that the raw materials are uniformly heated.

[0058] Further, a control system and a temperature sensor are further included, the temperature sensor is arranged in the combustion furnace 5, the temperature sensor is connected with the control system, and the conveying mechanism 8, the drying mechanism 2 and the tail gas treatment mechanism 6 are all electrically connected with the control system.

[0059] In the embodiment, the temperature sensor can be a thermocouple temperature sensor and an infrared temperature sensor. When the thermocouple temperature sensor is needed, the temperature sensor can be arranged on the outside of the carbonization mechanism 3 without affecting the working performance of the carbonization mechanism 3 and the combustion furnace 5, so as to obtain the most accurate temperature information. The temperature sensor and the controller are both powered by a power supply, and the power supply can be a commercial power supply or an internal power supply of the biomass carbonization and dry distillation device. In some embodiments, the internal power supply can also be composed of a photovoltaic panel and an energy storage battery, and the photovoltaic panel is laid on the biomass carbonization and dry distillation device to realize self-circulating energy supply.

[0060] The working process of the biomass carbonization dry distillation device is as follows: the biomass raw material is put into the feeding bin 11, the raw material is sent into the drying drum 21 through the first feeding pipe 12 and the conveying mechanism, the biomass raw material is sent to the first carbonization pipe 32 by rolling transmission, the flue gas of the combustion furnace 5 is transported into the drying drum 21 by the first fan 61 to dry the raw material, the hot flue gas enters the tail gas treatment device from the exhaust port of the drying drum 21, the spray tower removes the harmful waste in the hot flue gas in the form of water mist spraying, and the wastewater containing harmful waste is filtered and discharged through the filter box 63. The biomass raw material is dried by hot flue gas and then conveyed to the second feeding pipe 31, the first carbonization pipe 32 and the second carbonization pipe 33 in sequence by the conveying mechanism 8 to realize carbonization pyrolysis and conversion into carbonization products, and finally discharged through the discharging mechanism 4. The first carbonization pipe 32 and the second carbonization pipe 33 are embedded in the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace 5, the temperature of the raw material in the pipe is raised by the heat conduction of the hot flue gas in the furnace, and then the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed to generate carbon powder, acidic liquid, wood tar and combustible gas and other products. When the temperature in the pipe reaches the gasification temperature of the acidic liquid, wood tar and other substances, these substances flow from the first carbonization pipe 32 to the first condensing pipe 71 and the second condensing pipe 72, the acidic liquid and the wood tar are liquefied after condensation and flow into the liquid storage tank 73, and the combustible gas is sent into the combustion furnace 5 through the pipeline and the second fan 74 for combustion to maintain the temperature in the furnace.

[0061] The structure design is simple and reasonable, and the heat and combustion gas recovery system is provided, so that the use efficiency of energy is improved. Through the automatic transmission system, and the carbonization reaction is embedded in the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace 5, the temperature of the raw material in the pipe is raised by the heat conduction of the hot flue gas in the furnace, and then the carbonization reaction occurs to generate carbon powder, acidic liquid, wood tar, combustible gas and other substances, and the carbonization efficiency of the biomass raw material is improved. The layout of each mechanism is compact, the space utilization rate is high, and the characteristics of organic waste in the dry distillation carbonization process are reasonably used. Through the configuration of the tail gas treatment mechanism 6 and the dry distillation recovery mechanism 7, the recovery and purification of combustible gas are realized, and the advanced technology of circulating combustion is adopted. This technology effectively solves the pollution problem of dense smoke in the dry distillation carbonization process, and at the same time solves the problem of heat energy required by the equipment. Self-sufficiency is realized, the continuous operation capacity and economic benefit of the equipment are improved. The agricultural and forestry residues are fully utilized, the resource utilization of waste is realized, and the harmless, reduction and resource treatment of organic waste are truly realized.

[0062] Having described various embodiments of the application, it is to be understood that the above description is meant not to limit and not to encompass all of the possible embodiments. Many modifications and variations of this application can be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the scope of the patent and by the claims as allowed by the patent office, which can include adaptations based on the description, equivalents, and / or substitutions of elements individually or collectively to the entire disclosure.

Claims

1. A biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus, characterized by, The pyrolysis device comprises a feeding mechanism, a drying mechanism, a carbonization mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a combustion furnace, a tail gas treatment mechanism, a dry distillation recovery mechanism and a conveying mechanism. The biomass raw material flows through the feeding mechanism, the drying mechanism, the carbonization mechanism and the discharging mechanism in sequence through the conveying mechanism. The carbonization mechanism is arranged in the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace, the exhaust port of the combustion furnace is connected with the air inlet of the drying mechanism, the tail gas treatment mechanism is connected with the air outlet of the drying mechanism, and the dry distillation recovery mechanism is connected with the air outlet of the carbonization mechanism.

2. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The feeding mechanism comprises a feeding bin and a first feeding pipe, the feeding bin is connected with the air inlet of the first feeding pipe, and the air outlet of the first feeding pipe is connected with the air inlet of the drying mechanism.

3. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The drying mechanism comprises a drying roller and a driving device for driving the drying roller to rotate, the drying roller is provided with a guide structure, and the guide structure is used for conveying the biomass raw material from the air inlet of the drying roller to the air outlet of the drying roller.

4. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The outer periphery of the drying roller is provided with a heat preservation layer.

5. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The carbonization mechanism comprises a second feeding pipe, a first carbonization pipe and a second carbonization pipe connected in sequence, the air inlet of the second feeding pipe is connected with the air outlet of the drying mechanism, the first carbonization pipe and the second carbonization pipe are arranged in the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace, and the first carbonization pipe is connected with the dry distillation recovery mechanism. The second feeding pipe, the first carbonization pipe and the second carbonization pipe are all provided with the conveying mechanism.

6. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The tail gas treatment mechanism comprises a first fan, a tail gas absorption mechanism and a filter box. The first fan is used for extracting hot flue gas in the combustion furnace, the drying mechanism is connected with the exhaust port of the combustion furnace, the tail gas absorption mechanism is connected with the drying mechanism, the air inlet of the first fan is connected with the tail gas absorption mechanism, and the air outlet of the first fan is connected with the filter box.

7. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein The tail gas absorption mechanism is any one of a spray tower and a filter wet cotton cloth.

8. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The dry distillation recovery mechanism comprises a first condensing pipe, a second condensing pipe and a liquid storage tank connected in sequence. The first condensing pipe is connected with the carbonization mechanism, the air outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with a second fan through a pipeline, and the second fan is connected with the air inlet of the combustion furnace.

9. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The conveying mechanism comprises a conveying auger and a conveying motor for driving the conveying auger to rotate, and the feeding mechanism, the carbonization mechanism and the discharging mechanism are all provided with the conveying auger.

10. The biomass carbonization pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by The pyrolysis device further comprises a control system and a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is arranged in the combustion furnace, the temperature sensor is connected with the control system, and the conveying mechanism, the drying mechanism and the tail gas treatment mechanism are all electrically connected with the control system.

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