Uniaxial compression pressure-bearing device with non-uniform axial load

Abstract

The uniaxial compression pressure-bearing device comprises a pressure-bearing assembly, a pressure-bearing gasket and a test piece are embedded in the inner side of the pressure-bearing assembly, and the pressure-bearing gasket is connected with the inclined plane of the test piece in a matched mode. And the pressure-bearing gasket can be matched and replaced according to the test pieces with different inclination angles, so that non-uniform axial loads can be provided for the test pieces with different inclination angles. According to the uniaxial compression pressure-bearing device in the scheme, the appropriate pressure-bearing gasket can be replaced according to different inclination angles of the test piece, and the uniaxial compression pressure-bearing test of the test piece with any inclination angle can be realized without replacing different test equipment or setting and adjusting parameters of the existing test equipment, so that the test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced. And the test cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to single shaft compression technical field especially relates to a single shaft compression pressure bearing device of non-uniform axial load. BACKGROUND

[0002] In rock mechanics experiment, uniaxial compression test is a commonly used experimental method, which is used to study the mechanical properties of rock under axial pressure, for example, the uniaxial compressive strength of rock can be obtained, and according to this mechanical parameter, the bearing capacity of mine rock can be evaluated to determine the pressure range that the supporting structure needs to bear. For example, if the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is high, such as hard rock like granite, its bearing capacity is strong, and the strength of the support can be appropriately reduced in the design of support; for soft rock like shale with low uniaxial compressive strength, higher bearing requirements need to be considered in support design to prevent excessive deformation of roadway surrounding rock and even collapse.

[0003] The existing single shaft compression pressure bearing device cannot match different test pieces and loading requirements in a wide range of test scenarios, and usually needs to be adjusted accordingly. However, the adjustment of the device involves the setting and adjustment of multiple operating parameters, which requires high professional skills of the operator and a more complicated operation process, which is prone to human error and causes the device to run abnormally, increasing the use threshold and risk. Even for some special size test pieces, the device needs to be replaced to match them, resulting in low test efficiency and high test cost. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the technical problems of low test efficiency and high test cost of the current single shaft compression pressure bearing device in the face of different test piece experimental requirements, the utility model provides a single shaft compression pressure bearing device of non-uniform axial load.

[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical schemes:

[0006] A single shaft compression pressure bearing device of non-uniform axial load, comprising a pressure bearing assembly, a pressure bearing gasket and a test piece are embedded on the inner side of the pressure bearing assembly, the pressure bearing gasket is matched and connected with the inclined surface of the test piece, and the pressure bearing gasket can be matched and replaced according to the test piece with different inclination angles, so that non-uniform axial load can be provided for the test piece with different inclination angles.

[0007] A single shaft compression pressure bearing device of non-uniform axial load as described above, the pressure bearing gasket is provided with a first inclined surface connected with the pressure bearing assembly, and a second inclined surface matched and connected with the inclined surface of the test piece, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface is greater than or equal to the inclination angle of the second inclined surface.

[0008] The bottom of the pressure bearing assembly is provided with a free surface for providing a rupture free space for the test piece, and the free surface is connected with the first inclined surface.

[0009] The pressure bearing assembly is provided with a downward extending anti-skid synapse on one side for preventing horizontal sliding of the test piece during uniaxial compression.

[0010] The downward extending length of the anti-skid synapse exceeds the connection between the pressure bearing gasket and the test piece.

[0011] The pressure bearing device further comprises an anti-deviation mechanism for preventing horizontal deviation of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket during uniaxial compression.

[0012] The anti-deviation mechanism comprises a first limiting groove arranged on the pressure bearing assembly, a second limiting groove arranged on the pressure bearing gasket, and a limiting column matched with the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

[0013] The limiting column is connected through the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove, so that the limiting column is embedded between the pressure bearing assembly (10) and the pressure bearing gasket.

[0014] One side of the limiting column is provided with a protrusion for preventing axial rotation of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the uniaxial compression pressure bearing device has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The uniaxial compression pressure bearing device can replace the appropriate pressure bearing gasket according to different inclination angles of the test piece, without the need to replace different test equipment or to set and adjust parameters of the existing test equipment, so that uniaxial compression pressure bearing test of the test piece with any inclination angle can be realized, the test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced.

[0017] 2.The anti-deviation mechanism comprises a first limiting groove, a second limiting groove and a limiting column, the limiting column is connected with the second limiting groove through the first limiting groove, the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket are tightly connected, the displacement of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket in the horizontal direction is limited, the horizontal deviation of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket caused by the axial force in the single-axis compression experiment process is effectively prevented, and the stability of the experiment process is ensured.

[0018] 3.The limiting column is detachable, when the pressure bearing gasket needs to be replaced, the connection state of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket can be unlocked by withdrawing the limiting column from the first limiting groove, the replacement process is greatly simplified, the experiment preparation time and the maintenance cost are reduced, and the work efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the present application; Figure 3

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure bearing assembly structure of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure bearing gasket structure of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of another view of the pressure bearing gasket structure of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a force analysis diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0029] The specific embodiments are combined​Figures 1 to 7 As shown, further illustrate the technical scheme of the utility model, a kind of single shaft compression pressure-bearing device of non-uniform axial load, including pressure-bearing component 10, the inner side of the pressure-bearing component 10 is embedded with pressure-bearing gasket 11 and test piece 12, the inclined surface of the pressure-bearing gasket 11 is matched with the test piece 12 Connection, and the pressure-bearing gasket 11 can be matched and replaced according to the test piece 12 of different inclination angle, so that non-uniform axial load can be provided for the test piece 12 of different inclination angle.The single shaft compression pressure-bearing device of the scheme can replace suitable pressure-bearing gasket 11 according to the different inclination angle of test piece 12, without replacing different test equipment or setting and adjusting parameters to existing test equipment, to realize the single shaft compression pressure-bearing test of test piece 12 of any inclination angle, improve test efficiency, reduce test cost.

[0030] Further, as the preferred embodiment of the scheme but not limited, the pressure-bearing gasket 11 is provided with a first inclined surface 111 connected with the pressure-bearing component 10, and a second inclined surface 112 matched with the inclined surface of the test piece 12, and the inclination angle of the first inclined surface 111 is greater than or equal to the inclination angle of the second inclined surface 112.

[0031] When single shaft compression experiment needs to be carried out on test piece 12 of different inclination angles, only the second inclined surface 112 is replaced to match the inclination angle of different test pieces 12, non-uniform axial load can be provided for test pieces 12 of different inclination angles, without replacing different compressors or setting and adjusting parameters of the compressor, to improve the test efficiency of single shaft compression experiment.

[0032] In the embodiment, when single shaft compression experiment is carried out, the pressure-bearing gasket makes the vertical component force directly act on the surface of the test piece through the inclination angle of its surface (i.e. the first inclined surface), and the horizontal component force generates shear force and other forms of force on the test piece, so that the load size and direction received by different parts of the test piece are different, thereby realizing the provision of non-uniform load for the test piece.

[0033] In addition, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface of the pressure-bearing gasket is greater than or equal to the inclination angle of the second inclined surface, which can effectively reduce the stress concentration phenomenon caused by uneven load distribution when the load is applied, so that the load can be stably transmitted to the test piece through the pressure-bearing gasket.

[0034] Further, as the preferred embodiment of the scheme but not limited, the bottom of the pressure-bearing component 10 is provided with a free surface 101 for providing a rupture free space for the test piece 12, and the free surface 101 is matched with the first inclined surface 111 of the pressure-bearing gasket 11.

[0035] In this embodiment, during the uniaxial compression experiment, the axial force is transmitted from top to bottom through the pressure-bearing assembly and the pressure-bearing gasket to the test piece. During the transmission, the test piece deforms due to compression. Due to the free surface of the bottom inner side of the pressure-bearing assembly, a physical free space is formed. When the test piece is under pressure, the side with higher inclination of the free surface can deform or break freely due to the absence of rigid contact with the test piece, thereby providing a free space for the test piece to deform and break, and thus showing the complete failure process of the test piece and the accurate failure law, which effectively protects the subsequent regularity analysis.

[0036] Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present scheme but not limited, one side of the pressure-bearing assembly 10 is provided with a downwardly extending anti-skid protrusion 102 for preventing horizontal sliding of the test piece 12 during uniaxial compression.

[0037] The length of the downwardly extending anti-skid protrusion 102 exceeds the connection between the pressure-bearing gasket 11 and the test piece 12, and the anti-skid protrusion 102 makes the pressure-bearing assembly 10 have a notch structure.

[0038] In this embodiment, the anti-skid protrusion extends downwardly and exceeds the connection between the pressure-bearing gasket and the test piece, which can effectively prevent the test piece from deviating in the horizontal direction due to the horizontal component force formed on the test piece by non-uniform load, ensure that the test piece always maintains a stable position during loading, and avoid test errors caused by horizontal displacement. In addition, the notch structure of the pressure-bearing assembly makes it easier to install the test piece in place and less likely to loosen or shift during the experiment, simplifying the entire experimental process and improving work efficiency.

[0039] Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present scheme but not limited, it further includes an anti-deviation mechanism 20 for preventing horizontal deviation of the pressure-bearing assembly 10 and the pressure-bearing gasket 11 during uniaxial compression. The anti-deviation mechanism 20 includes a first limiting groove 21 arranged on the pressure-bearing assembly 10, a second limiting groove 22 arranged on the pressure-bearing gasket 11, and a limiting column 23 cooperating with the first limiting groove 21 and the second limiting groove 22.

[0040] Specifically, the limiting column 23 penetrates the first limiting groove 21 and the second limiting groove 22 to connect them, so that the limiting column 23 is embedded between the pressure-bearing assembly 10 and the pressure-bearing gasket 11. Of course, when the pressure-bearing gasket 11 needs to be replaced, the limiting column 23 can be withdrawn from the first limiting groove 21 to release the connection state of the pressure-bearing assembly 10 and the pressure-bearing gasket 11, thereby achieving replacement.

[0041] In addition, the slot shapes of the first limiting groove 21 and the second limiting groove 22 are the same as the shape of the limiting column 23, and the slot size of the first limiting groove 21 and the second limiting groove 22 is just enough for the limiting column 23 to pass through, so as to realize clamping of the limiting column 23. It is worth noting that the positions of the first limiting groove 21 provided on the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the second limiting groove 22 provided on the pressure bearing gasket 11, as well as the slot orientations, are correspondingly arranged.

[0042] In the embodiment, the limiting column passes through the first limiting groove and is connected with the second limiting groove, so as to tightly connect the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket, thereby limiting the displacement of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket in the horizontal direction, and effectively preventing the horizontal displacement of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket due to the axial force during the uniaxial compression experiment, and ensuring the stability of the experiment process.

[0043] In addition, the limiting column is designed to be detachable, and when the pressure bearing gasket needs to be replaced, the connection state of the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket can be unlocked by only withdrawing the limiting column from the first limiting groove, which greatly simplifies the replacement process, reduces the experiment preparation time and maintenance cost, and improves the work efficiency.

[0044] Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present scheme but not limited, one side of the limiting column 23 is provided with a protrusion 231 for preventing the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the pressure bearing gasket 11 from rotating axially.

[0045] In the embodiment, during the uniaxial compression experiment, the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket may be axially rotated due to the axial force in each direction, and the protrusion on one side of the limiting column can effectively limit the axial rotation between the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket, so as to ensure that the pressure bearing assembly and the pressure bearing gasket always maintain a fixed positional relationship during the compression process, thereby avoiding affecting the accuracy and stability of the uniaxial compression experiment.

[0046] In order to better understand the specific working principle of the embodiments of the present disclosure, in the present specification, the specific use of the uniaxial compression pressure bearing device disclosed in the above embodiment is also described. It should be pointed out that the description of the specific use is only a relatively optimal exemplary description, and the present utility model does not necessarily have to go through such use steps to realize it.

[0047] Specifically, first, one end of the limiting column 23 is embedded on the pressure bearing assembly 10, then a pressure bearing gasket 11 corresponding to the inclination angle of the test piece 12 is selected, the selected pressure bearing gasket 11 is assembled with the limiting column 23 and the pressure bearing assembly 10 into a whole, finally, the single-axis compression pressure bearing device assembled into a whole is placed above the test piece 12, and a single-axis compression experiment is carried out until the test piece 12 breaks. It should be pointed out that when assembling the single-axis compression pressure bearing device, the appropriate pressure bearing gasket 11 can also be selected first, and then the pressure bearing assembly 10, the pressure bearing gasket 11 and the limiting column 23 are assembled into a whole, which is not specifically limited in this specification.

[0048] It should be noted that during the process of assembling the single-axis compression pressure bearing device, the inclination angle of the pressure bearing gasket 12 can be replaced according to the inclination angle of the test piece 12. When replacing, the limiting column 23 is only needed to be withdrawn, and the close connection state of the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the pressure bearing gasket 11 is unlocked, so that the pressure bearing gasket 11 can be replaced. That is, the single-axis compression pressure bearing device can replace the appropriate pressure bearing gasket 11 according to the different inclination angles of the test piece 12, without the need to replace different test equipment or to set and adjust the parameters of the existing test equipment, so as to realize the single-axis compression pressure test of the test piece 12 with any inclination angle, improve the test efficiency and reduce the test cost.

[0049] When the single-axis compression experiment is carried out on the test piece 12, the specific process is as follows:

[0050] The compressor applies a vertical downward axial force to the single-axis compression pressure bearing device, and the axial force is transmitted to the test piece 12 from top to bottom through the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the pressure bearing gasket 11. During this process, the limiting column 23 limits the horizontal deviation and axial rotation of the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the pressure bearing gasket 11. The anti-skid synapse 102 extending downward from the pressure bearing assembly 10 can prevent the test piece from deviating horizontally due to the horizontal component force formed on the test piece by uneven load. Through the limiting column 23 and the anti-skid synapse 102, the pressure bearing assembly 10 and the pressure bearing gasket 11 always maintain a stable positional relationship during compression, so as to avoid affecting the accuracy and stability of the single-axis compression experiment. When the test piece 12 is about to break, according to the mechanical properties, the test piece 12 will break on the side opposite to the anti-skid synapse 102, that is, the side with lower inclination of the test piece 12 will break first. The free surface 101 arranged obliquely inside the pressure bearing assembly 10 will provide a free space for the test piece 12 to deform and break, and then the complete breaking process of the test piece 12 and the accurate breaking rule can be recorded.

[0051] Among them, for the test piece 12 which will break on the side with lower inclination, the mechanical calculation principle involved is also explained accordingly, such as Figure 8As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the stress of the test piece in the process of uniaxial compression experiment, in order to obtain the axial stress in the cross section of the test piece 12 under different pressures, a coordinate system is established on the side of the test piece 12, that is Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the left side bottom of the test piece 12 is defined as the origin, the horizontal direction of the test piece 12 is defined as the x axis, and the vertical direction of the test piece 12 is defined as the y axis, at this time, the axial stress of the test piece 12 can be obtained according to

[0052]

[0053] The relationship between the axial force and the non-uniform stress inside the test piece 12 is obtained, wherein F is the axial force applied to the test piece 12, is the axial stress at the x cross section;

[0054] According to

[0055]

[0056] The stress and strain at each cross section can be calculated, wherein is the axial strain at the x cross section, a is the inclination angle of the top surface,

[0057] According to the rock mechanics calculation formula:

[0058]

[0059] The axial stress at each cross section under the axial force F can be calculated is

[0060]

[0061] Therefore, the load distribution of the test piece 12 changes linearly along the x axis direction, and the larger the horizontal position x is, the larger the axial stress in the vertical cross section is; the smaller the height of the top surface is, the more obvious the stress concentration phenomenon is, so it can be concluded that the lower side of the test piece 12 is damaged first in the process of uniaxial compression.

[0062] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is an embodiment provided in combination with specific content, and the specific implementation of the utility model is not limited to these descriptions, and due to the difference in industry naming, it is not limited to the above naming and English naming. Any approximation, similarity or replacement of the method and structure of the utility model, or any technical deduction or replacement under the concept of the utility model, should be considered as the protection range of the utility model.​

Claims

1. A uniaxial compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads, characterized by, The application relates to a pressure-bearing assembly (10) which is internally embedded with a pressure-bearing gasket (11) and a test piece (12), the pressure-bearing gasket (11) is matchedly connected with the inclined surface of the test piece (12), and the pressure-bearing gasket (11) can be matchedly replaced according to the test piece (12) with different inclined angles, so that the test piece (12) with different inclined angles can be provided with non-uniform axial load.

2. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The pressure-bearing gasket (11) is provided with a first inclined surface (111) connected with the pressure-bearing assembly (10) and a second inclined surface (112) matchedly connected with the inclined surface of the test piece (12), and the inclined angle of the first inclined surface (111) is greater than or equal to the inclined angle of the second inclined surface (112).

3. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads according to claim 2, wherein, The bottom of the pressure-bearing assembly (10) is provided with a free surface (101) for providing a rupture free space for the test piece (12), and the free surface (101) is matchedly connected with the first inclined surface (111).

4. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads as claimed in claim 1, wherein, One side of the pressure-bearing assembly (10) is provided with a downwardly extending anti-skid synapse (102) for preventing the test piece (12) from horizontally sliding during uniaxial compression.

5. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads according to claim 4, wherein, The anti-skid synapse (102) downwardly extends to a length greater than the connection position of the pressure-bearing gasket (11) and the test piece (12).

6. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The application further comprises an anti-deviation mechanism (20) for preventing the pressure-bearing assembly (10) and the pressure-bearing gasket (11) from horizontally deviating during uniaxial compression.

7. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads according to claim 6, wherein, The anti-deviation mechanism (20) comprises a first limiting groove (21) arranged on the pressure-bearing assembly (10), a second limiting groove (22) arranged on the pressure-bearing gasket (11), and a limiting column (23) matchedly limiting the first limiting groove (21) and the second limiting groove (22).

8. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads according to claim 7, wherein, The limiting column (23) is connected with the first limiting groove (21) and the second limiting groove (22) and is embedded between the pressure-bearing assembly (10) and the pressure-bearing gasket (11).

9. A single axis compression bearing device for non-uniform axial loads as claimed in claim 7, wherein, One side of the limiting column (23) is provided with a protrusion (231) for preventing the pressure-bearing assembly (10) and the pressure-bearing gasket (11) from axially rotating.

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