Fully-sealed super capacitor
By designing a fully sealed supercapacitor, a fusible metal ring is used to weld a circuit when the cell is short-circuited, which solves the safety hazards and capacitor failure caused by cell short circuits, and realizes stable operation of the capacitor and convenience of fault analysis.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FUJIAN TORCH ELECTRON TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing supercapacitors pose safety hazards due to overcurrent or reverse current caused by cell short circuits, and these hazards cannot be effectively prevented. Furthermore, the capacitors fail when overcharged or overheated, and the cause of the short circuit cannot be found through dissection and analysis.
A fully sealed supercapacitor was designed by setting sealing components on the negative and positive current collectors, including a first sealing ring and a metal ring. The metal ring is made of fusible metal, which melts and welds to form a circuit when the cell is short-circuited, preventing current from passing through the cell. The tightly connected cell is connected to the shell, and the welding method is optimized to reduce internal resistance and mechanical stress.
In the event of a short circuit in the battery cell, it protects the cell from further damage, facilitates subsequent dissection and analysis, reduces heat accumulation and mechanical stress, ensures stable operation of the capacitor module, and reduces the failure of faulty capacitors.
Smart Images
Figure CN224110147U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model belongs to the super capacitor preparation field, concretely relates to a kind of fully-sealed super capacitor. BACKGROUND
[0002] As a new high-level energy storage device, super capacitor has the high power characteristics of traditional capacitor and the high energy characteristics of battery. Due to its unique high specific power, large current discharge capacity, ultra-low temperature characteristics, high reliability and green environmental protection, it is widely used and developed in power, transportation, communication, energy, aviation and other fields.
[0003] The existing super capacitor needs to be connected in series to form a module to meet the voltage requirement, but when a capacitor in the series circuit has a short circuit, the short circuit node will have overcurrent or current backflow, causing the battery, terminal and circuit board to burn out, which poses a safety hazard, releases flammable and toxic gases from the pressure relief valve, and the internal short circuit of the capacitor has many causes, such as electrode sheet burr breaking the electrolytic paper, dust or metal particle impurities causing local electrolytic paper burning, mechanical impact or vibration causing electrode material peeling, etc. However, these short circuit problems cannot be analyzed by dissection after the battery is burned out due to overcurrent or current backflow, so the problem cannot be corrected and prevented. This problem also exists in capacitor failure caused by overcharging, overheating or other reasons. SUMMARY
[0004] The utility model aims at overcoming the shortcomings of prior art, provide a kind of fully-sealed super capacitor
[0005] The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
[0006] A fully-sealed super capacitor includes an outer shell with an accommodation cavity inside, a battery cell arranged in the accommodation cavity, a negative current collector block connected to the upper end of the battery cell, a positive current collector block connected to the lower end of the battery cell, an upper cover assembly arranged on the upper end of the outer shell for sealing the accommodation cavity, and an insulating sheet rubber pad arranged between the upper cover assembly and the negative current collector block.
[0007] The negative current collector block includes a negative current collector block body, a negative pole connected to the top of the negative current collector block body and extending upward, and a sealing assembly arranged around the negative pole between the insulating sheet rubber pad and the upper cover assembly. The sealing assembly includes a first sealing ring arranged around the negative pole between the insulating sheet rubber pad and the upper cover assembly, a metal ring arranged around the first sealing ring, and a second sealing ring arranged on the upper cover assembly to fix the metal ring around the first sealing ring.
[0008] Further, the first sealing ring comprises a first sealing ring body, a first through hole arranged in the first sealing ring body for the negative pole to pass through, a mounting groove extending inward from the outer periphery of the first sealing ring body for mounting the metal ring, and a plurality of first liquid passing holes extending inward from the groove wall of the mounting groove and communicating with the first through hole.
[0009] Further, the second sealing ring comprises a support section supported on the top of the upper cover assembly, an annular positioning section arranged around the mounting groove at the lower end of the support section, and a plurality of second liquid passing holes arranged on the annular positioning section, and the metal ring is arranged in the mounting groove and abuts against the groove wall on one side and abuts against the inner wall of the annular positioning section on the other side.
[0010] Further, the plurality of first liquid passing holes are opposite to the plurality of second liquid passing holes.
[0011] Further, the upper cover assembly comprises an upper cover plate for sealing the accommodating cavity and a plurality of positive poles circumferentially distributed on the top of the upper cover plate, the upper cover plate is formed with a gap hole for the positive pole to pass through, and the plurality of positive poles are arranged around the negative pole.
[0012] Further, the positive current collecting block comprises a positive current collecting block body, a positioning column arranged on the top of the positive current collecting block body and capable of being embedded in the battery cell, a liquid injection hole arranged in the positioning column, and a sealing member for sealing the liquid injection hole.
[0013] Further, the sealing member comprises a sealing rubber plug arranged in the liquid passing hole and a metal plug for fixing the sealing rubber plug.
[0014] Further, the positive current collecting block body is integrally formed with the bottom of the accommodating cavity.
[0015] As can be seen from the above description of the utility model, compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: by limiting the structure of the super capacitor and further limiting the structure of the sealing assembly, when the capacitor in the string circuit causes overcurrent or current backflow due to short circuit of the battery cell of the capacitor, the heat energy is accumulated and transmitted to the negative pole and the sealing assembly, the metal ring in the sealing assembly melts, part of the molten conductive metal liquid flows to the negative pole and is welded with the negative pole, and part of the molten conductive metal liquid flows to the upper cover assembly and is welded with the upper cover assembly, so that a passage is formed on the upper cover plate for the positive pole and the negative pole of the abnormal capacitor, the current no longer passes through the battery cell, the battery cell is saved before being further damaged, and the subsequent dissection and analysis of the capacitor can be facilitated to find the reason for the short circuit of the battery cell.
[0016] The positive current collecting block body is integrally formed with the bottom of the accommodating cavity, so that the lower end of the wire is directly connected to the shell, heat dissipation is easier, heat energy accumulation is reduced, the combination of the battery cell and the shell is more compact, vibration stress is optimized from laser electric welding to end plane and three-dimensional internal welding, the internal resistance is reduced, and greater mechanical stress impact can be resisted. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercapacitor;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a supercapacitor;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural sectional view of the outer shell;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of a supercapacitor;
[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sealing assembly.
[0022] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the battery cell manufacturing process;
[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the first solder layer;
[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the second solder layer;
[0025] In the diagram, 1-outer shell, 2-battery cell, 3-negative current collector, 4-positive current collector, 5-upper cover assembly, 6-insulating sheet gasket, 7-first solder layer, 8-second solder layer, 11-receiving cavity, 21-negative electrode sheet, 211-first overlapping part, 212-first plating part, 213-first plating block, 22-inner diaphragm, 23-positive electrode sheet, 231-second overlapping part, 232-second plating part, 233-second plating block, 31-negative current collector body, 32-negative electrode post, 33-sealing assembly, 34-first 341-First sealing ring body, 342-Mounting groove, 343-First liquid passage hole, 344-First perforation, 35-Metal ring, 36-Second sealing ring, 361-Support section, 362-Annular positioning section, 363-Second liquid passage hole, 41-Positive collector block body, 42-Positioning post, 43-Injection hole, 44-Seal, 441-Sealing rubber plug, 442-Metal plug, 51-Upper cover plate, 52-Positive electrode post, 53-Leaning hole, 61-Limiting groove, 71-Solder block, 72-Liquid inlet area. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.
[0027] Reference Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, a kind of fully-sealed supercapacitor, including the shell 1 formed with containing cavity 11, the negative current collector 3 of being arranged in containing cavity 11 and being connected with the upper end of the electric core 2, the positive current collector 4 of being arranged in containing cavity 11 and being connected with the lower end of the electric core 2, the upper cover assembly 5 for sealing containing cavity 11 in the shell 1, the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 being arranged between the upper cover assembly 5 and the negative current collector 3, the first solder layer 7 being arranged between the negative current collector 3 and the electric core 2 and the second solder layer 8 being arranged between the positive current collector 4 and the electric core 2.
[0028] The first solder layer 7 includes a plurality of solder blocks 71 circumferentially distributed between the upper end of the electric core 2 and the lower end of the negative current collector 3, wherein a plurality of liquid inlet areas 72 for allowing electrolyte to enter the interior of the electric core 2 are formed between adjacent two solder blocks 71, and a plurality of connecting portions are formed on the upper end of the electric core 2 and connected with the plurality of solder blocks 71; for details, refer to Figure 7 Or Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the diameter of the solder block 71 increases outward along the radial direction or is arranged with the same diameter along the radial direction, and further, the structure of the second solder layer 8 is the same as that of the first solder layer 7, and the specific structure of the second solder layer 8 will not be described further.
[0029] The electric core 2 is formed by laminating and winding the negative electrode sheet 21, the inner separator 22, the positive electrode sheet 23 and the outer separator, wherein the width of the inner separator 22 and the outer separator is less than the width of the negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23, and the length of the inner separator 22 and the outer separator is greater than the length of the negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23.
[0030] The negative electrode sheet 21 includes a first overlapping portion 211 laminated with the inner separator 22 and a first plated layer portion 212 located on one side of the inner separator 22, wherein a plurality of first plated layer blocks 213 are sequentially arranged along the winding direction on the first plated layer portion 212, and the plurality of first plated layer blocks 213 form a plurality of connecting portions as the negative electrode sheet 21 is wound; for details, the interval and size of the plurality of first plated layer blocks 213 are set according to the number of winding layers of the electric core 2 and the shape and size of the solder block 71, and how to set will not be described further.
[0031] The positive electrode sheet 23 comprises a second overlapping part 231 stacked with the inner or outer separator and a second plating part 232 located on one side of the inner or outer separator, wherein the second plating part 232 is provided with a plurality of second plating blocks 233 arranged in sequence along the winding direction, and the plurality of second plating blocks 233 form a plurality of connecting parts connected with the positive current collector 4 when the positive electrode sheet 23 is wound; specifically, the first plating part 212 and the second plating part 232 are arranged on both sides of the inner or outer separator, so that the wound negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23 are connected with the opposite negative current collector 3 and the positive current collector 4 respectively; by limiting the structure of the battery cell 2, a plurality of connecting parts which can be connected with the opposite solder block 71 are formed at the end of the negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23, and when the electrolyte is injected, the electrolyte can enter the inside of the battery cell 2 between the two connecting parts, so that the battery cell 2 is more easily soaked in the electrolyte and the gas particles are more easily discharged.
[0032] The negative current collector 3 comprises a negative current collector body 31, a negative pole 32 extending upwardly arranged on the top of the negative current collector body 31, and a sealing assembly 33 sleeved on the outer periphery of the negative pole 32 and located between the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 and the upper cover assembly 5, wherein the sealing assembly 33 comprises a first sealing ring 34 arranged on the outer periphery of the negative pole 32 and located between the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 and the upper cover assembly 5, a metal ring 35 arranged around the first sealing ring 34, and a second sealing ring 36 arranged on the upper cover assembly 5 to fix the metal ring 35 on the outer periphery of the first sealing ring 34.
[0033] The first sealing ring 34 comprises a first sealing ring body 341, a first through hole 344 arranged in the first sealing ring body 341 for the negative pole 32 to pass through, a mounting groove 342 extending inwardly from the outer periphery of the first sealing ring body 341 for mounting the metal ring 35, and a plurality of first liquid passing holes 343 arranged in the mounting groove 342 and extending inwardly from the groove wall to communicate with the first through hole 344, wherein the first sealing ring body 341 is arranged in the shape of an I-beam, the upper end is supported on the top of the upper cover assembly 5, and the lower end is embedded in the insulating sheet rubber pad 6; specifically, the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 is provided with a limiting groove 61 for embedding the lower end of the first sealing ring body 341.
[0034] The second sealing ring 36 comprises a support section 361 supported on the top of the upper cover assembly 5, an annular positioning section 362 arranged around the mounting groove 342 and located at the lower end of the support section 361, and a plurality of second liquid passing holes 363 arranged on the annular positioning section 362, wherein the metal ring 35 is mounted in the mounting groove 342 and abuts against one side of the groove wall of the mounting groove 342 and the other side of the inner wall of the annular positioning section 362; the upper end of the first sealing ring body 341 is supported on the support section 361; specifically, the plurality of first liquid passing holes 343 and the plurality of second liquid passing holes 363 are arranged opposite to each other.
[0035] The metal ring 35 is made of malleable metal, and can be made of an electrically conductive alloy composed of indium, bismuth, tin, lead, etc. The electrically conductive alloy has a melting point of about 110-150°C, and is shaped into a hollow metal ring. When the capacitor in the string circuit is caused to overcurrent or current backflow due to short circuit of the capacitor core 2, the heat energy is accumulated and transmitted to the negative pole 32 and the sealing assembly 33. The metal ring 35 in the sealing assembly 33 melts, and the molten conductive metal liquid can flow to the negative pole 32 through the first liquid passage 343 and be welded to the negative pole 32, or flow to the upper cover assembly 5 through the second liquid passage 363 and be welded to the upper cover assembly 5. The abnormal capacitor positive pole 52 and the negative pole 32 form a passage in the upper cover, so that the current no longer passes through the capacitor core 2, and the capacitor core 2 is saved before being further damaged, so as to facilitate subsequent dissection and analysis of the capacitor, and find out the reason for the short circuit of the capacitor core 2. At the same time, when the capacitor module is designed with a voltage margin, the string circuit module can still be used after the passage is formed, and will not be disabled due to the fusing of a single capacitor. When the external circuit or the ambient temperature returns to normal, the capacitor is placed with the first liquid passages 343 facing downward, and the upper cover is locally heated, so that the molten metal material is melted again and flows into the mounting groove 342 through the first liquid passage 343 and the second liquid passage 363, so that the molten metal material is separated from the negative pole 32 and the upper cover assembly 5, respectively. After cooling and setting, the capacitor can be charged and discharged normally again. This function can also be actively fused by the user to eliminate the interference of the poor performance of the capacitor in the capacitor module during use, which causes the accelerated decay and failure of the module.
[0036] The preparation method of the sealing assembly 33 is as follows:
[0037] Step one, high-purity indium (99.99%) and tin (99.99%) are weighed according to the ratio of 52:48, and then put into a crucible furnace or an induction furnace and heated to 250-300°C. After the indium and tin are melted, a quartz rod or a mechanical stirrer is used to stir the molten alloy to ensure uniform composition and proper heat preservation to promote component diffusion.
[0038] Step two, after the mold is preheated, the molten alloy is injected into the mold, cooled and shaped, and polished to obtain a metal ring 35 with good electrical conductivity and hollow.
[0039] Step three, the metal ring 35 is installed into the mounting groove 342 of the first sealing ring 34, and the second sealing ring 36 is installed into the first sealing ring 34, so that the upper end surface of the second sealing ring 36 is attached to the upper end surface of the first sealing ring 34. The first sealing ring 34 and the second sealing ring 36 cover the metal ring 35, and the relative positions of the first sealing ring 34 and the second sealing ring 36 are adjusted so that the first liquid passages 343 and the second liquid passages 363 are in opposite directions, thereby obtaining the sealing assembly 33.
[0040] The positive current collecting block 4 includes a positive current collecting block body 41, a positioning column 42 arranged on the top of the positive current collecting block body 41 and capable of being embedded into the battery cell 2, an outwardly extending liquid injection hole 43 arranged in the positioning column 42, and a sealing member 44 for sealing the liquid injection hole 43. Specifically, the sealing member 44 includes a sealing rubber plug 441 arranged in the liquid injection hole 43 and a metal plug 442 for fixing the sealing rubber plug 441, wherein the metal plug 442 is fixed in the liquid injection hole 43 by laser welding and the end face thereof is flush with the bottom of the shell 1. Further, the positive current collecting block body 41 is integrally formed with the bottom of the accommodating cavity 11, so that the lower end of the battery cell 2 is directly connected to the shell 1, heat dissipation is easier, heat accumulation is reduced, and the combination of the battery cell 2 and the shell 1 is more compact. The vibration stress is optimized from laser welding to end plane and three-dimensional internal welding, which can reduce the internal resistance while bearing greater mechanical stress impact.
[0041] The upper cover assembly 5 includes an upper cover plate 51 for sealing the accommodating cavity 11 and a plurality of positive electrode columns 52 circumferentially distributed on the top of the upper cover plate 51, wherein the upper cover plate 51 is formed with a clearance hole 53 for the negative electrode column 32 to pass through, and the plurality of positive electrode columns 52 are arranged around the negative electrode column 32.
[0042] The preparation process specifically includes the following steps:
[0043] Step 1: forming of the negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23
[0044] A. After the aluminum foil is cleaned and dried, the dry film is attached and cured. After reserving the intermittent plating area of the edge of the aluminum foil, the aluminum foil is immersed in the electroplating solution, and the plating copper and tin are sequentially performed on the plating area;
[0045] B. The aluminum foil plated with copper and tin is cleaned and dried to remove the dry film and impurities;
[0046] C. The electrolytic slurry is uniformly coated on the middle positions of the front and back surfaces of the aluminum foil, and is dried and roll-pressed to form;
[0047] D. Cutting is performed along the center line of the aluminum foil to obtain the negative electrode sheet 21 and the positive electrode sheet 23;
[0048] Step 2: forming of the battery cell 2: the negative electrode sheet 21, the inner separator 22, the positive electrode sheet 23 and the outer separator are laminated and wound to form the battery cell 2;
[0049] Step 3: tin material is injected into the bath, the upper end of the preheated battery cell 2 is moved into the bath, the tin material is absorbed onto the plurality of connecting portions of the negative electrode sheet 21, and after cooling, the first solder layer 7 is formed; and soldering is sequentially performed on the lower end of the battery cell 2 to form the second solder layer 8;
[0050] Step 4, the upper end of the preheated battery cell is downwardly attached to the negative current collector block 3 heated to about 300 DEG C, so that the negative current collector block 3 is welded on the upper end of the battery cell 2, and then the lower end of the preheated battery cell 2 is downwardly attached to the positive current collector block 4 heated to about 300 DEG C, so that the positive current collector block 4 is welded on the lower end of the battery cell 2;
[0051] Step 5, the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 is installed on the upper surface of the negative current collector block 3, the limiting groove 61 on the insulating sheet rubber pad 6 faces upwardly, the sealing assembly 33 is installed into the accommodating hole 53 of the upper cover plate 51, the outer wall of the second sealing ring 36 is attached to the inner wall of the accommodating hole 53, and then the upper cover plate 51 with the installed sealing assembly 33 is installed on the negative current collector block 3, so that the inner wall of the first through hole 344 is attached to the outer wall of the negative pole 32, and the lower end of the first sealing ring 34 is embedded into the limiting groove 61, and then the upper cover plate 51 and the upper end of the shell 1 are sealed by laser welding;
[0052] Step 6, after the semi-finished product prepared in step 5 is vacuum heated and dried, the electrolyte is injected into the containing cavity 11 from the injection hole 43 placed upwardly in a low dew point environment, and then the sealing rubber plug 441 and the metal plug 442 are sequentially installed, the metal plug 442 and the shell 1 are sealed together by laser welding, thereby forming the high-performance super capacitor.
[0053] The application defines the structural composition of the super capacitor, the first solder layer 7 and the second solder layer 8 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the negative current collector block 3, the positive current collector block 4 and the battery cell 2 respectively, the structural composition of the solder layer is further defined, a plurality of liquid inlet areas 72 for the electrolyte to enter the inside of the battery cell 2 are formed between the adjacent two solder blocks 71, when the electrolyte is injected, the electrolyte can enter the inside of the battery cell 2 from between the two solder blocks 71, so that the battery cell 2 is more easily soaked in the electrolyte and the gas particles are more easily discharged; in addition, the structural composition of the sealing assembly 33 is further defined, when the capacitor in the string circuit is caused to overcurrent or current backflow due to short circuit of the capacitor battery cell 2, the heat energy is accumulated and transmitted to the negative pole 32 and the sealing assembly 33, the metal ring 35 in the sealing assembly 33 is melted, the molten conductive metal liquid can flow to the negative pole 32 through the first liquid passing hole 343 and is welded with the negative pole 32, or flows to the upper cover assembly 5 through the second liquid passing hole 363 and is welded with the upper cover assembly 5, so that the abnormal capacitor positive pole 52 and the negative pole 32 form a passage in the upper cover plate 51, the current no longer passes through the battery cell 2, so that the battery cell 2 is saved before being further damaged, thereby facilitating the subsequent dissection and analysis of the capacitor to find out the short circuit reason of the battery cell 2.
[0054] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, and therefore cannot limit the range of the application, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the application range and the content of the specification should still be within the scope of the application.
Claims
1. A fully-sealed supercapacitor, characterized by: The battery includes a shell with a receiving cavity formed therein, an electric core arranged in the receiving cavity, a negative current collecting block arranged in the receiving cavity and connected with the upper end of the electric core, a positive current collecting block arranged in the receiving cavity and connected with the lower end of the electric core, an upper cover assembly arranged on the upper end of the shell for sealing the receiving cavity, and an insulating sheet rubber gasket arranged between the upper cover assembly and the negative current collecting block. The negative current collecting block includes a negative current collecting block body, a negative pole arranged on the top of the negative current collecting block body and extending upward, and a sealing assembly arranged on the outer periphery of the negative pole between the insulating sheet rubber gasket and the upper cover assembly. The sealing assembly includes a first sealing ring arranged on the outer periphery of the negative pole between the insulating sheet rubber gasket and the upper cover assembly, a metal ring arranged around the first sealing ring, and a second sealing ring arranged on the upper cover assembly and fixed to the outer periphery of the first sealing ring.
2. A fully sealed supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The first sealing ring includes a first sealing ring body, a first through hole arranged in the first sealing ring body for the negative pole to pass through, a mounting groove extending inward from the outer periphery of the first sealing ring body for mounting the metal ring, and a plurality of first liquid passing holes arranged on the groove wall of the mounting groove and extending inward and communicated with the first through hole.
3. A fully sealed ultracapacitor according to claim 2, wherein: The second sealing ring includes a support section supported on the top of the upper cover assembly, an annular positioning section arranged around the mounting groove and arranged on the lower end of the support section, and a plurality of second liquid passing holes arranged on the annular positioning section. The metal ring is mounted in the mounting groove and abuts against one side of the groove wall and the other side of the inner wall of the annular positioning section.
4. A fully-sealed ultracapacitor according to claim 3, wherein: The plurality of first liquid passing holes are opposite to the plurality of second liquid passing holes.
5. The fully-sealed ultracapacitor of claim 1, wherein: The upper cover assembly includes an upper cover plate for sealing the receiving cavity and a plurality of positive poles circumferentially distributed on the top of the upper cover plate. The upper cover plate is formed with a clearance hole for the positive poles to pass through, and the plurality of positive poles are arranged around the negative pole.
6. The fully-sealed ultracapacitor of claim 1, wherein: The positive current collecting block includes a positive current collecting block body, a positioning pole arranged on the top of the positive current collecting block body and embedded in the electric core, a liquid injection hole arranged in the positioning pole, and a sealing member for sealing the liquid injection hole.
7. A fully sealed ultracapacitor according to claim 6, wherein: The sealing member includes a sealing rubber plug arranged in the liquid passing hole and a metal plug for fixing the sealing rubber plug.
8. The fully-sealed ultracapacitor of claim 6, wherein: The positive current collecting block body is integrally formed with the bottom of the receiving cavity.