Eyeball model for operation training

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical teaching models, and discloses an eyeball model for operation training, which comprises a model frame, an upper eyelid, a lower eyelid and an eyeball model, and is characterized in that the model frame is fixed with the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid; the eyeball model comprises an eyeball wall, a crystalline lens and other structures, four intraocular muscles are uniformly connected to the external circumference, the other ends of the intraocular muscles are connected with a first motor, and a first motor shell is fixed to an eye contact at the rear end of the eyeball wall; the upper eyelid is provided with a lacrimal sac and an upper lacrimal passage which are communicated; the lower eyelid is provided with a lower lacrimal passage and a lacrimal passage blocking assembly. The model can accurately simulate intraocular muscles to drive eyeballs to move, normal tear circulation and the pathological state of lacrimal passage blockage, achieves centralized control in cooperation with a control panel, improves training intuition in combination with acousto-optic feedback, can meet various practical operation training requirements, solves the problems that a traditional model is low in simulation degree, single in function and the like, and improves training efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of medical teaching model technology, specifically an eyeball model for operational training. Background Technology

[0002] In practical training for medical, nursing, and optometry professions, eye models are indispensable teaching tools. Their core function is to help trainees intuitively understand the anatomical structure of the eyeball, master the principles of extraocular muscle function, and perform clinical practical skills such as lacrimal duct irrigation. However, existing eye models used for practical training generally suffer from limitations such as limited functionality, low simulation accuracy, and lack of interactive feedback, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-quality practical training.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional eye models are mostly static anatomical models, which can only show basic structures such as the eyeball wall, lens, and iris, and cannot simulate the physiological process of intraocular muscle contraction and relaxation driving eyeball movement. Trainees can only understand the connection between intraocular muscles and eyeball rotation through theoretical memorization, and cannot observe the impact of intraocular muscle movement on eyeball position through practical operation, resulting in a serious disconnect between theory and practice, and greatly reducing the training effect.

[0004] On the other hand, existing models either lack simulation of the lacrimal duct system or have simplified structures, failing to recreate the normal tear fluid circulation path and struggling to simulate the common pathological condition of lacrimal duct obstruction. Some models with lacrimal duct structures can only achieve simple fluid flow, unable to simulate different degrees of lacrimal duct obstruction through controlled occlusion operations, and lack a feedback mechanism for obstruction status. Trainees cannot intuitively judge whether their operations have effectively improved the obstruction during lacrimal duct irrigation training, resulting in insufficient realism and relevance in practical training. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an eyeball model for operation training, which aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] An eyeball model for operational training includes a model frame, an upper eyelid, a lower eyelid, and an eyeball model. The model frame is fixedly connected to the upper and lower eyelids. The eyeball model includes an eyeball wall, a lens, a ciliary body, and an iris. The cornea is located at the anterior end of the eyeball wall, and the ophthalmic nerve is located at the posterior end. The ciliary body, lens, and iris are located inside the eyeball wall and connected to it. Four intraocular muscles are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the eyeball wall, and the other ends of the four intraocular muscles are fixedly connected to the output end of a first motor. The housing of the first motor is fixedly connected to the ophthalmic nerve. The upper eyelid has a lacrimal sac and a superior lacrimal duct, which are connected. A solenoid valve is located on the superior lacrimal duct. The lower eyelid has a inferior lacrimal duct, which is equipped with a lacrimal duct occlusion component to simulate lacrimal duct obstruction.

[0007] Optionally, the lacrimal duct occlusion assembly includes a valve and a second motor, with the output end of the second motor fixedly connected to the valve and the housing of the second motor fixedly connected to the outside of the lower lacrimal duct.

[0008] Optionally, the lacrimal duct occlusion assembly also includes a deformation sensor, which is used to detect the degree of deformation of the lower lacrimal duct.

[0009] Optionally, an audio-visual generator and a control panel are fixedly connected to the model frame. The control panel is electrically connected to the first motor, the second motor, and the solenoid valve, and is used to control the start and stop of the first motor, the second motor, and the solenoid valve. The audio-visual generator is electrically connected to the deformation sensor, and generates audio-visual signals after receiving electrical signals from the deformation sensor.

[0010] Optionally, the end of the lower lacrimal duct furthest from the eyeball wall is connected to a collection groove.

[0011] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) By using the drive structure of the first motor in combination with the four intraocular muscles, the physiological process of the contraction and relaxation of the intraocular muscles driving the eye movement can be accurately simulated, which helps students intuitively understand the connection mechanism between the intraocular muscles and the eye movement, and improves the intuitiveness and accuracy of practical teaching.

[0013] (2) The setting of the lacrimal sac, upper and lower lacrimal ducts and solenoid valve, combined with the lacrimal duct occlusion component consisting of valves and a second motor, can not only simulate the normal tear circulation path, but also flexibly realize the pathological state simulation of lacrimal duct obstruction. With the linkage feedback of deformation sensor and sound and light generator, the degree of lacrimal duct obstruction can be presented in real time, allowing trainees to clearly grasp the clinical characteristics of lacrimal duct obstruction and the key points of operation.

[0014] Of course, any product implementing this utility model does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of part of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower lacrimal duct structure of this utility model.

[0019] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Model frame; 2. Upper eyelid; 3. Lower eyelid; 4. Eyeball wall; 5. Lens; 6. Ciliary body; 7. Iris; 8. Cornea; 9. Intraocular muscles; 10. First motor; 11. Ophthalmic nerve; 12. Lacrimal sac; 13. Superior lacrimal duct; 14. Solenoid valve; 15. Inferior lacrimal duct; 16. Valve; 17. Second motor; 18. Deformation sensor; 19. Acoustic and optical generator; 20. Control panel; 21. Collection tank. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model is an eyeball model for operational training, including a model frame 1, an upper eyelid 2, a lower eyelid 3, and an eyeball model. The model frame 1 is fixedly connected to the upper eyelid 2 and the lower eyelid 3. The eyeball model includes an eyeball wall 4, a lens 5, a ciliary body 6, and an iris 7. The cornea 8 is located at the front end of the eyeball wall 4, and the ophthalmic nerve 11 is located at the rear end. The ciliary body 6, the lens 5, and the iris 7 are located inside the eyeball wall 4 and connected to it. The outer surface of the eyeball wall 4 is circular. Four intraocular muscles 9 are evenly distributed around the eyelid. The other ends of the four intraocular muscles 9 are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 10. The outer shell of the first motor 10 is fixedly connected to the ophthalmic nerve 11. The upper eyelid 2 has a lacrimal sac 12 and an upper lacrimal duct 13. The lacrimal sac 12 and the upper lacrimal duct 13 are connected, and the upper lacrimal duct 13 is equipped with a solenoid valve 14. The lower eyelid 3 has a lower lacrimal duct 15. The lower lacrimal duct 15 is equipped with a lacrimal duct blocking component, which is used to simulate lacrimal duct obstruction.

[0023] Through the above-described device, this embodiment realizes the adjustable lacrimal duct function of the eyeball model used for operation training, adapting to the practical training scenarios of ophthalmologists and nurses. Through reasonable component adaptation and assembly design, the realism of lacrimal duct obstruction simulation and the effectiveness of operation training are ensured. The following is a detailed description.

[0024] First, model frame 1 is constructed. Model frame 1 adopts a structure adapted for training operations. The upper eyelid 2 and lower eyelid 3 are fixedly connected to model frame 1. After assembly, the position of the upper eyelid 2 and lower eyelid 3 relative to model frame 1 is stable, while reserving space for the installation and movement of the eyeball model. The eyeball model, as the core simulation component, has its internal structure arranged according to the physiological structure of the human eyeball. The eyeball wall 4 of the eyeball model is elastically wrapped and fixed by the upper eyelid 2, lower eyelid 3, and model frame 1. Model frame 1 has mounting grooves corresponding to the eyeball model inside, and the optic nerve 11 is fixedly connected to model frame 1.

[0025] The eyeball wall 4 forms the outer support structure of the eyeball model. A corneal component 8 is assembled at the front end of the eyeball wall 4, corresponding to the position of the human cornea. This corneal component 8 is made of transparent material to simulate the light transmission characteristics of a real eyeball. An ophthalmic nerve component 11 extends from the rear end of the eyeball wall 4 via a fixed connection. This ophthalmic nerve component 11 not only serves as a connection and fixation mechanism but also acts as a mounting carrier for subsequent power components. The ciliary body 6, lens, iris 5, and iris 7 are sequentially assembled within the internal cavity of the eyeball wall 4. These three components are arranged according to their relative positions within the human eyeball and are fixed to the inner wall of the eyeball wall 4 via suitable connecting structures to ensure stability after assembly. A suitable linkage space is reserved between the ciliary body 6 and the lens 5 to simulate the accommodation function of a real eyeball. To simulate eye movement, four intraocular muscles 9 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the eyeball wall 4. One end of each intraocular muscle 9 is fixedly attached to the outer surface of the eyeball wall 4, and the other end is connected to the output end of a first motor 10. The housing of each first motor 10 is fixedly assembled with the aforementioned ophthalmic nerve 11 component. The intraocular muscles 9 are made of silicone elastic bands, and each first motor 10 has a winding wheel coaxially mounted on its output end. The intraocular muscles 9 are fixedly connected to the winding wheels. Driven by the first motor 10, the corresponding intraocular muscle 9 can be made to contract. The other intraocular muscle opposite to the intraocular muscle 9 will be stretched accordingly, thereby pulling the eyeball wall 4 to rotate, thus simulating the multi-directional rotation state of the human eyeball and meeting the needs of dynamic eyeball simulation in operation training. A lacrimal sac 12 and an upper lacrimal duct 13 are constructed on the upper eyelid 2, corresponding to the physiological location of the lacrimal duct in the human body. The lacrimal sac 12 and the upper lacrimal duct 13 are connected through an internal channel. A solenoid valve 14 is installed in the middle of the upper lacrimal duct 13. This solenoid valve 14 is connected to an external control unit via a wire or remote control. The signal from the control unit can control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 14, thereby switching the upper lacrimal duct 13 between open and closed states to simulate the flow control process after tear secretion. A lower lacrimal duct 15 is constructed on the lower eyelid 3, forming a complete tear flow channel with the upper lacrimal duct 13 and the lacrimal sac 12. A lacrimal duct occlusion component is installed on the lower lacrimal duct 15. This lacrimal duct occlusion component adopts an adjustable structural design. The operator can control the action of the occlusion component through an external control component to block or completely open the lower lacrimal duct 15 to different degrees. This accurately simulates different degrees of lacrimal duct obstruction scenarios in clinical practice, providing operators with training conditions close to a real clinical environment, facilitating operators to practice lacrimal duct unblocking and other related operational skills, and improving training effectiveness.

[0026] Optionally, the lacrimal duct occlusion assembly includes a valve 16 and a second motor 17. The output end of the second motor 17 is fixedly connected to the valve 16, and the housing of the second motor 17 is fixedly connected to the outside of the lower lacrimal duct 15.

[0027] The second motor 17 controls the opening and closing of the valve 16 to simulate the situation of lacrimal duct obstruction. The second motor 17 is a micro stepper motor, and the lower lacrimal duct 15 is made of elastic material.

[0028] Optionally, the lacrimal duct occlusion assembly also includes a deformation sensor 18, which is used to detect the degree of deformation of the inferior lacrimal duct 15.

[0029] In this embodiment, the deformation sensor 18 is a resistance strain gauge, with its sensitive grid metal wire or metal foil tightly attached to the surface of the component being measured. When the component is subjected to external force and undergoes tensile or compressive deformation, the sensitive grid will synchronously generate mechanical deformation, which will cause its own resistance value to change proportionally. The measurement circuit converts this small resistance change into a voltage or current signal, and the strain of the component can be calculated. When the lacrimal duct 15 undergoes a certain degree of deformation, the deformation sensor 18 transmits the electrical signal to the relevant external responder to simulate the lacrimal duct pain system and cultivate the operator's habit of gentle operation.

[0030] Optionally, a sound and light generator 19 and a control panel 20 are fixedly connected to the model frame 1. The control panel 20 is electrically connected to the first motor 10, the second motor 17 and the solenoid valve 14, and is used to control the start and stop of the first motor 10, the second motor 17 and the solenoid valve 14. The sound and light generator 19 is electrically connected to the deformation sensor 18. After receiving the electrical signal from the deformation sensor 18, the sound and light generator 19 generates sound and light.

[0031] Through the above-mentioned devices, the sound and light generator 19 is used to issue a warning when the lower tear duct 15 undergoes excessive deformation, to cultivate the operator's gentle working habits, and the control panel 20 uniformly controls all the solenoid valves 14 and motors inside the model, thereby improving operating efficiency.

[0032] Optionally, the end of the lower lacrimal duct 15 away from the eyeball wall 4 is connected to a collection groove 21.

[0033] The device described above connects the lower lacrimal duct 15 to the collection tank 21, simulating the process of cleaning fluid flowing into the lacrimal cavity during lacrimal duct cleaning, making the teaching more intuitive.

[0034] The preferred embodiments of this utility model disclosed above are merely illustrative of the present utility model. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the utility model to any specific implementation. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of this utility model, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it. This utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An eyeball model for operational training, characterized in that, It includes a model frame (1), an upper eyelid (2), a lower eyelid (3) and an eyeball model, wherein the model frame (1) is fixedly connected to the upper eyelid (2) and the lower eyelid (3); The eyeball model includes an eyeball wall (4), a lens (5), a ciliary body (6), and an iris (7). The front end of the eyeball wall (4) is provided with a cornea (8), and the rear end is provided with an ophthalmic nerve (11). The ciliary body (6), the lens (5), and the iris (7) are located inside the eyeball wall (4) and connected to the eyeball wall (4). Four intraocular muscles (9) are evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the eyeball wall (4). The other ends of the four intraocular muscles (9) are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of a first motor (10). The outer shell of the first motor (10) is fixedly connected to the ophthalmic nerve (11). The upper eyelid (2) is provided with a lacrimal sac (12) and an upper lacrimal duct (13), the lacrimal sac (12) and the upper lacrimal duct (13) are connected, and an electromagnetic valve (14) is provided on the upper lacrimal duct (13). The lower eyelid (3) has a lower lacrimal duct (15), and the lower lacrimal duct (15) is provided with a lacrimal duct blocking component, which is used to simulate lacrimal duct blockage.

2. The eyeball model for operational training according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lacrimal duct occlusion assembly includes a valve (16) and a second motor (17). The output end of the second motor (17) is fixedly connected to the valve (16), and the outer shell of the second motor (17) is fixedly connected to the outside of the lower lacrimal duct (15).

3. The eyeball model for operational training according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lacrimal duct occlusion assembly also includes a deformation sensor (18) for detecting the degree of deformation of the lower lacrimal duct (15).

4. The eyeball model for operational training according to claim 3, characterized in that: The model frame (1) is fixedly connected to an acoustic and light generator (19) and a control panel (20). The control panel (20) is electrically connected to the first motor (10), the second motor (17) and the solenoid valve (14) and is used to control the start and stop of the first motor (10), the second motor (17) and the solenoid valve (14). The acoustic and light generator (19) is electrically connected to the deformation sensor (18). The acoustic and light generator (19) generates acoustic and light after receiving the electrical signal from the deformation sensor (18).

5. The eyeball model for operational training according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower lacrimal duct (15) is connected to a collection groove (21) at the end away from the eyeball wall (4).

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