Battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure, which comprises a battery box body, a battery cell module and a liquid cooling plate for dissipating heat of the battery cell module are arranged in the battery box body, a cooling liquid flow channel is arranged in the liquid cooling plate, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet which extend out of the battery box body are connected onto the liquid cooling plate, a fire-fighting spray head is arranged in the battery box body, and the fire-fighting spray head is connected with the battery box body. The fire-fighting spray header is installed on the liquid cooling plate and communicated with the cooling liquid flow channel in the liquid cooling plate, and a thermal control opening mechanism is arranged on the fire-fighting spray header. The cost of the fire extinguishing system can be effectively reduced, the design is simplified, and meanwhile the fire extinguishing efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery pack thermal runaway technology, specifically relating to a battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, when battery pack damage or overheating triggers thermal runaway, active protection technology typically involves a built-in thermal runaway sensor in the battery pack and an external fire extinguishing device. The sensor transmits the thermal runaway signal, and the external fire extinguishing device sprays extinguishing agent into the battery pack through the battery pack's fire extinguishing nozzles to cool and extinguish the fire. This technology requires both a sensor and an external fire extinguishing device, resulting in high configuration costs and a complex structure. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure, which can effectively reduce the cost of fire extinguishing systems, simplify design, and improve fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure, comprising a battery housing, a cell module and a liquid cooling plate for heat dissipation of the cell module, a coolant channel within the liquid cooling plate, an inlet and an outlet extending out of the battery housing, a fire sprinkler head installed within the battery housing, the fire sprinkler head mounted on the liquid cooling plate and connected to the coolant channel inside the liquid cooling plate, and a thermal control opening mechanism on the fire sprinkler head.

[0005] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the fire sprinkler head includes a sleeve installed on the liquid cooling plate, the top of the sleeve is provided with an end cap, the end cap is provided with a coolant splash port, the inside of the sleeve is provided with a fire pipe communicating with the coolant flow channel inside the liquid cooling plate, and the thermal control opening mechanism is provided between the end cap and the fire pipe.

[0006] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the thermal control opening mechanism includes a glass tube, with a fire-fighting pipe and an end cap respectively attached to both ends of the glass tube, and the glass tube is filled with a thermal expansion material.

[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model, a sealing gasket is provided between the glass tube and the fire-fighting pipe.

[0008] As a further aspect of this invention: the thermal expansion material can cause the glass tube to rupture when heated.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0010] By using the coolant inside the liquid-cooled plate as the extinguishing agent instead of the external fire suppression device of the battery pack, thermal runaway protection is achieved. The coolant provides normal heat exchange capacity when thermal runaway is not triggered, and acts as the extinguishing agent when thermal runaway is triggered, thereby reducing design costs. The fire suppression system is further simplified by integrating the fire sprinkler head with the liquid-cooled plate. The thermal expansion and rupture extinguishing principle of the glass tube replaces the thermal runaway sensing device, simplifying the structure and saving layout space. In addition, unlike the traditional fire suppression method of battery packs, the fire sprinkler head is located inside the battery pack, which can improve the efficiency and timeliness of fire suppression.

[0011] The new national standard GB 38031-2025 requires thermal runaway to be prevented from igniting or exploding and will be implemented in July 2026. The industry will have an urgent need for the design of low-cost, simple thermal runaway active protection structures, so it is highly practical and suitable for widespread promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack with thermal runaway protection of this utility model.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire sprinkler head in the battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure of this utility model.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Battery housing, 2. Liquid inlet, 3. Liquid cooling plate, 4. Liquid outlet, 5. Fire sprinkler head, 6. Battery cell module;

[0015] 1.1 Box lid; 1.2 Lower box body;

[0016] 5.1 Sleeve, 5.2 Fire-fighting pipe, 5.3 Sealing gasket, 5.4 End cap, 5.5 Glass tube, 5.6 Thermal expansion material;

[0017] 5.4.1 Coolant splash nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure includes a battery housing 1. The battery housing 1 includes a lower housing 1.2 and a housing cover 1.1 that are matched and connected. A cell module 6 and a liquid cooling plate 3 for heat dissipation of the cell module 6 are installed inside the battery housing 1. The liquid cooling plate 3 is provided with a coolant flow channel. An inlet 2 and an outlet 4 extending out of the battery housing 1 are connected to the liquid cooling plate 3. A fire sprinkler head 5 is installed inside the battery housing 1. The fire sprinkler head 5 is installed on the liquid cooling plate 3 and is connected to the coolant flow channel inside the liquid cooling plate 3. The fire sprinkler head 5 is provided with a thermal control opening mechanism.

[0020] The location of the liquid cooling plate 3 within the battery housing 1 is not limited; it can be at the bottom, top, or middle of the battery housing 1, as long as it can provide good heat dissipation for the battery cell modules 6 inside the battery housing 1. Similarly, the location and number of fire sprinkler heads 5 connected to the liquid cooling plate 3 are not limited; they can be distributed according to the location of the battery cell modules 6 inside the battery housing 1, ensuring that the coolant sprayed by the fire sprinkler heads 5 can completely cover the battery cell modules 6 when they are working.

[0021] The fire sprinkler head 5 and the liquid cooling plate 3 share the same coolant. The coolant is a non-alcoholic coolant, which has good fluidity and thermal conductivity at low temperatures. At the same time, this type of coolant has insulation and fire extinguishing properties, and is environmentally friendly and non-toxic. When no thermal runaway occurs, the coolant circulates in the liquid cooling plate 3 to provide heat dissipation for the battery cell module 6. Once thermal runaway occurs, the fire sprinkler head 5 opens through the thermal control opening mechanism, allowing the coolant to be sprayed out from the fire sprinkler head 5 and used as a fire extinguishing agent.

[0022] In order for the fire sprinkler head 5 to function effectively and promptly, further, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fire sprinkler head 5 includes a sleeve 5.1 installed on the liquid cooling plate 3. The top of the sleeve 5.1 is provided with an end cap 5.4, and the end cap 5.4 is provided with a coolant splash port 5.4.1. Inside the sleeve 5.1 is a fire-fighting pipe 5.2 that communicates with the coolant flow channel inside the liquid cooling plate 3. A thermal control opening mechanism is located between the end cap 5.4 and the fire-fighting pipe 5.2. In the event of thermal runaway, the thermal control opening mechanism, when heated, can promptly open the passage between the end cap 5.4 and the fire-fighting pipe 5.2, allowing coolant in the liquid cooling plate 3 to be promptly delivered from the fire-fighting pipe 5.2 to the coolant splash port 5.4.1 on the end cap 5.4, thereby using the coolant splash port 5.4.1 to control the fire inside the battery box 1.

[0023] In order to enable the thermal control opening mechanism to connect the fire pipe 5.2 and the end cap 5.4 in a timely and effective manner, the thermal control opening mechanism further includes a glass tube 5.5, with the two ends of the glass tube 5.5 respectively attached to the fire pipe 5.2 and the end cap 5.4, and the glass tube 5.5 is filled with thermal expansion material 5.6.

[0024] Furthermore, a sealing gasket 5.3 is provided between the glass tube 5.5 and the fire-fighting pipe 5.2, which can maintain the sealing effect between the glass tube 5.5 and the fire-fighting pipe 5.2 and prevent the coolant from entering when thermal runaway does not occur.

[0025] Preferably, the thermally expanding material 5.6 is heated to the point that the glass tube 5.5 will break; expanded graphite is preferred.

[0026] In its specific implementation, this utility model is used in the same way as conventional battery packs. When no thermal runaway occurs, the three liquid cooling plates perform liquid cooling heat dissipation. When thermal runaway occurs, the thermal expansion material 5.6 expands due to heat, causing the glass tube 5.5 on its outer side to rupture, thereby releasing the restriction on the sealing gasket 5.3. The sealing gasket 5.3 is then dislodged under the impact of the coolant, allowing the coolant to smoothly enter the end cap 5.4 and spray out from the coolant splash port 5.4.1, achieving fire extinguishing protection inside the battery pack and providing timely and effective thermal runaway protection.

Claims

1. A battery pack with a thermal runaway protection structure, comprising a battery housing (1), wherein a cell module (6) and a liquid cooling plate (3) for heat dissipation of the cell module (6) are installed inside the battery housing (1), the liquid cooling plate (3) is provided with a cooling liquid channel, and an inlet (2) and an outlet (4) extending out of the battery housing (1) are connected to the liquid cooling plate (3), characterized in that, A fire sprinkler head (5) is installed inside the battery box (1). The fire sprinkler head (5) is installed on the liquid cooling plate (3) and is connected to the internal coolant flow channel of the liquid cooling plate (3). A thermal control opening mechanism is provided on the fire sprinkler head (5).

2. The battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure of claim 1, wherein, The fire sprinkler head (5) includes a sleeve (5.1) installed on the liquid cooling plate (3), an end cap (5.4) is provided at the top of the sleeve (5.1), a coolant splash port (5.4.1) is provided on the end cap (5.4), a fire pipe (5.2) is provided inside the sleeve (5.1) and communicates with the coolant flow channel inside the liquid cooling plate (3), and a thermal control opening mechanism is provided between the end cap (5.4) and the fire pipe (5.2).

3. The battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure of claim 2, wherein, The thermal control opening mechanism includes a glass tube (5.5), with fire-fighting pipe (5.2) and end cap (5.4) attached to both ends of the glass tube (5.5), and thermal expansion material (5.6) filling the inside of the glass tube (5.5).

4. The battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure of claim 3, wherein, A sealing gasket (5.3) is provided between the glass tube (5.5) and the fire-fighting pipe (5.2).

5. The battery pack with thermal runaway protection structure of claim 3, wherein, The thermal expansion material (5.6) can cause the glass tube (5.5) to crack when heated.

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