Implantable intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram and brain local blood oxygen monitoring electrode for animals

Abstract

The utility model provides an implantable intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram and brain local blood oxygen monitoring electrode for animals, which comprises a main control module, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module, an ADC amplification and light source driving module and a communication module which are connected with the main control module, and the power supply module supplies power to the signal acquisition module, the ADC amplification and light source driving module and the main control module; the signal acquisition module adopts an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) board, the FPC board carries eight electroencephalogram acquisition electrodes, a ZXPAYZ040AD invasive pressure sensor, an external bridge and an infrared blood oxygen detection circuit, and the infrared blood oxygen detection circuit is connected with the ADC amplification and light source driving module. According to the utility model, acquisition, processing and monitoring of various physiological signals such as electroencephalogram, blood oxygen concentration and intracranial pressure are integrated at the same time, and synchronous acquisition, data integration and real-time feedback of multiple signals are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of brain blood oxygenation monitoring technology, specifically an implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain blood oxygenation in animals. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional EEG signal acquisition devices typically employ independent hardware modules, usually requiring separate sensors and signal processing systems. This results in bulky and inconvenient equipment, and limitations in data integration and real-time analysis. Existing technologies generally suffer from the following problems:

[0003] 1. Bulky and Inconvenient Equipment: Traditional EEG acquisition equipment is usually quite complex and has limited functionality. Furthermore, the separate sensor modules result in a large size that is difficult to carry and use. This problem is particularly pronounced in clinical emergency care or routine health monitoring scenarios.

[0004] 2. Incomplete signal acquisition: Existing EEG equipment often only monitors a single physiological signal, lacking simultaneous monitoring of other important physiological signals, making it difficult to comprehensively assess the patient's health status. For example, EEG signals themselves may be affected by changes in other physiological parameters, and existing equipment often struggles to simultaneously monitor these interrelated parameters.

[0005] 3. Signal Interference and Noise Issues: During multi-signal acquisition, especially in complex physiological signal environments, noise and interference signals often severely affect the accuracy and stability of the acquired data. Existing EEG signal acquisition equipment suffers from deficiencies in anti-interference capabilities and signal processing algorithms, leading to unstable and unreliable monitoring results.

[0006] 4. Lack of integrated and user-friendly interface: Existing EEG and related physiological signal monitoring equipment lacks integrated design, and data transmission and integration between systems are cumbersome, which makes it difficult for users to operate and makes it difficult to achieve efficient data acquisition and analysis.

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a brain signal integrated acquisition system that can simultaneously integrate the acquisition, processing and monitoring of multiple physiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG), blood oxygen concentration, and intracranial pressure, achieving synchronous monitoring, data integration and real-time feedback of multiple signals. It also adopts a miniaturized design, making it portable and suitable for animal experimental scenarios. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides an implantable electrode for animals that monitors intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation. It integrates the acquisition, processing, and monitoring of multiple physiological signals, including EEG, blood oxygen concentration, and intracranial pressure, enabling simultaneous acquisition, data integration, and real-time feedback of multiple signals.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation in animals, comprising a main control module, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module, an ADC amplification and light source driving module, and a communication module connected to the main control module. The power supply module provides power to the signal acquisition module, the ADC amplification and light source driving module, and the main control module.

[0010] The signal acquisition module uses an FPC board, which is equipped with 8 EEG acquisition electrodes, a ZXPAYZ040AD invasive pressure sensor, an external bridge, and an infrared blood oxygen detection circuit. The infrared blood oxygen detection circuit is connected to the ADC amplification and light source driving module.

[0011] Preferably, the infrared blood oxygen detection circuit includes a pair of LED light sources with wavelengths of 760nm and 850nm, and a single NCD3220S1 photodiode. The NCD3220S1 photodiode is connected to the ADC amplification and light source driving module.

[0012] Preferably, the ADC amplification and light source driving module adopts FR-4 board one, which is equipped with ADS1299 EEG ADC chip, ADS1292 intracranial pressure and blood oxygen ADC chip, OP381 transimpedance amplifier and ULN2003 Darlington tube LED driver array.

[0013] Preferably, the FR-4 board also includes a connector, a pre-filter, a TVS circuit, and two EEG reference electrodes.

[0014] Preferably, the main control module adopts FR-4 board 2, which is equipped with ESP32S3-WROOM-1U-N4R2 main control module, USB to serial port circuit, IP5310 power management chip, and AMS1117 linear regulator.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] This technology, utilizing the ZXPAYZ040AD invasive pressure sensor, enables precise monitoring of intracranial pressure in animals. This sensor typically boasts high sensitivity and accuracy, reflecting real-time changes in intracranial pressure. Eight EEG acquisition electrodes mounted on an FPC board comprehensively collect electrical signals from different regions of the animal's brain. This multi-electrode acquisition method improves the accuracy and coverage of EEG signal acquisition. Furthermore, an infrared blood oxygenation detection circuit enables non-invasive monitoring of localized blood oxygenation in the animal's brain. This approach avoids the potential trauma and discomfort associated with traditional blood oxygenation monitoring methods. It integrates the acquisition, processing, and monitoring of multiple physiological signals, including EEG, blood oxygenation concentration, and intracranial pressure, achieving simultaneous acquisition, data integration, and real-time feedback of multiple signals. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the block structure of the implantable, intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram, and local brain oxygenation monitoring electrode circuit system for animals proposed in this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the FPC containing the animal implantable intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram, and local brain oxygenation monitoring electrodes of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of this utility model and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in the embodiments without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-2 An implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation in animals includes a main control module, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module, an ADC amplification and light source driving module, and a communication module connected to the main control module. The power supply module provides power to the signal acquisition module, the ADC amplification and light source driving module, and the main control module.

[0022] The signal acquisition module uses an FPC board, which is equipped with eight EEG acquisition electrodes, a ZXPAYZ040AD invasive pressure sensor, an external bridge, and an infrared blood oxygenation detection circuit (the infrared blood oxygenation detection circuit includes a pair of LED light sources with wavelengths of 760nm and 850nm, and a NCD3220S1 photodiode). The two pairs of light sources measure the ratio of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the blood through the transmitted light signal after tissue exposure. After passing through the photodiode, the signal is converted into an electrical signal for subsequent amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. The NCD3220S1 photodiode is connected to the ADC amplification and light source driving module.

[0023] This application demonstrates significant benefits in monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalography (EEG), and local cerebral blood oxygenation. It not only improves the accuracy and real-time performance of monitoring but also achieves a multifunctional integrated design and remote monitoring and real-time analysis of data.

[0024] The ADC amplification and light source driving module uses FR-4 board one. FR-4 board one is equipped with an ADS1299 EEG ADC chip, an ADS1292 intracranial pressure and blood oxygen ADC chip, an OP381 transimpedance amplifier, and a ULN2003 Darlington transistor LED driver array. It also includes connectors, pre-filter and TVS circuitry, and two EEG reference electrodes. EEG and intracranial pressure signals are pre-filtered and then transmitted to the ADS1299 and ADS1292 for amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, respectively. The brain oxygenation signal is first amplified by the OPA381 and then transmitted to the ADS1292. Both ADC chips are controlled by the ESP32 module on the main control board 3 via the SPI bus. The ULN2003 array allows the ESP32 module's four GPIOs to directly control the switching of four LED light sources.

[0025] After signal acquisition, this application requires transmitting the data to the main control board via SPI. Efficient data transmission, storage, and subsequent signal processing are crucial for ensuring stable system operation. Each sensor needs to ensure precise synchronization of its sampling clock, especially in scenarios with concurrent acquisition by multiple sensors; therefore, real-time data transmission with the ESP32 must be carefully considered.

[0026] While the ESP32 already features a low-power mode, achieving efficient power management and extending battery life remains a crucial aspect of the design. It's necessary to effectively utilize the ESP32's deep sleep mode to reduce power consumption. The configuration of the IP5310 power management chip and the AMS1117 voltage regulator plays a vital role in controlling the system's power consumption.

[0027] The main control module and power supply module utilize FR-4 board 2. FR-4 board 2 is equipped with an ESP32S3-WROOM-1U-N4R2 main control module, a USB-to-serial converter, an IP5310 power management chip, and an AMS1117 linear regulator. The main control module receives three types of digital signals from board 1 and transmits them to the host computer for real-time waveform display via its built-in Bluetooth module. The system power can be supplied by a 3.7V lithium battery and a 5V USB power supply, with the IP5310 managing battery and USB charging / discharging.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the FPC signal acquisition board is specifically optimized for animal brain size and experimental operability. The acquisition modules are concentrated at one end for easy mounting.

[0029] In this application, since the connection between the sensor and the main control board may be affected by current, overvoltage, or electrical noise, electrical protection design is required. TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) diodes or TVS suppression circuits are added at the interface to protect the system from high voltage or electrostatic discharge damage. For input signal ports, especially those connected to sensors, current-limiting resistors and fuses can be used to prevent damage caused by overcurrent. The system power supply module is designed with overcurrent, overvoltage, and reverse current protection circuits to ensure that the power supply is not damaged.

[0030] External electromagnetic interference is a common problem when collecting weak signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Especially since the head electrodes need to contact the skin, they are susceptible to interference from external devices and power supply noise. The layout design of the power supply and ground wires must ensure that cross-interference of noise is minimized. High-frequency noise is removed through decoupling capacitors and RC filters. For the blood oxygen sensor, it is necessary to ensure the stable emission current of the infrared LED and avoid interference from external power supply noise. This application incorporates a fault detection mechanism, such as checking for errors in the collected data using checksums or CRC. During data transmission, if a communication failure occurs, the system needs a buffering mechanism to prevent data loss. Simultaneously, a retransmission mechanism should be available to ensure data integrity.

[0031] This invention enables the acquisition, processing, and monitoring of three physiological signals: electroencephalography (EEG), intracranial pressure, and local blood oxygenation. The three functional modules are highly integrated, resulting in a compact, portable, and easy-to-use hardware system. By integrating multiple sensors, it reduces the need for separate devices and provides integrated physiological monitoring functionality. In medical research scenarios, it can simultaneously acquire multiple key parameters for comprehensive evaluation, thereby providing more data support and improving the system's practicality and overall monitoring capabilities.

[0032] The system's hardware design is based on three independent boards. This modular design not only makes the hardware easier to upgrade and maintain, but also allows for flexible expansion or replacement. The decoupling between different modules makes it easier to adjust the design or add new sensor modules. Fault location and component replacement are relatively easy, without requiring a complete system overhaul. It also helps optimize power requirements and system efficiency, for example, by rationally allocating power and signal processing loads to improve stability.

[0033] This application achieves the lowest possible power consumption while maintaining sufficient performance, enabling long-term data acquisition and transmission monitoring.

[0034] Existing technologies utilize highly integrated multifunctional sensor modules to simultaneously monitor multiple physiological signals such as electroencephalogram (EEG), blood oxygen saturation, and intracranial pressure. These modules typically include multiple sensors, integrated circuits, and communication interfaces, enabling direct connection to microcontrollers (such as ESP32). For example, the multifunctional sensor module provided by Mindray integrates multiple sensors for medical-grade monitoring of ECG, EEG, SpO2, ICP, and other signals, and provides a dedicated interface for connection to embedded systems. This approach is plug-and-play; these sensor modules are usually pre-processed, requiring only connection and basic configuration for users to begin using, reducing development time. However, compared to the modules described in this application, these modules are typically closed systems with limited customization and scalability, unable to be fully configured to meet specific needs, and are also more expensive.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and localized cerebral blood oxygenation in animals, characterized in that, It includes a main control module, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module, an ADC amplification and light source driving module, and a communication module connected to the main control module. The power supply module provides power to the signal acquisition module, the ADC amplification and light source driving module, and the main control module. The signal acquisition module uses an FPC board, which is equipped with 8 EEG acquisition electrodes, a ZXPAYZ040AD invasive pressure sensor, an external bridge, and an infrared blood oxygen detection circuit. The infrared blood oxygen detection circuit is connected to the ADC amplification and light source driving module.

2. The implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation in animals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared blood oxygen detection circuit includes a pair of LED light sources with wavelengths of 760nm and 850nm, and a NCD3220S1 photodiode. The NCD3220S1 photodiode is connected to the ADC amplification and light source driving module.

3. The implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation in animals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ADC amplification and light source driving module adopts FR-4 board one, which is equipped with ADS1299 EEG ADC chip, ADS1292 intracranial pressure and blood oxygen ADC chip, OP381 transimpedance amplifier and ULN2003 Darlington tube LED driver array.

4. The implantable animal electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The FR-4 board also includes connectors, pre-filters, TVS circuitry, and two EEG reference electrodes.

5. The implantable electrode for monitoring intracranial pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and local brain oxygenation in animals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module uses FR-4 board 2, which is equipped with ESP32S3-WROOM-1U-N4R2 main control module, USB to serial port circuit, IP5310 power management chip, and AMS1117 linear regulator.

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