Blade crushing and screening device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass energy comprehensive application, and discloses a blade crushing and screening device which comprises a shell, a cutterhead assembly and a conveying assembly. The axis of the shell extends in the first direction, and the cutterhead assembly comprises a cutterhead shaft, an angle adjusting mechanism and blades. The cutterhead shaft is arranged in the shell and is collinear with the axis of the shell, a through hole penetrating in the first direction is formed in the center of the cutterhead shaft, the through hole is used for allowing a driving part driving the cutterhead shaft to rotate around the axis of the cutterhead shaft to penetrate through, and a sealing interlayer is formed between the cutterhead shaft and the driving part; the blade is arranged on the peripheral wall of the cutter head shaft, and the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged in the sealing interlayer and is correspondingly connected with the blade so as to control the blade to rotate around the axis of the blade; the conveying assembly is connected with the angle adjusting mechanism and used for providing driving force for the angle adjusting mechanism. The angles of the blades and the cutting gaps between the adjacent blades can be adjusted in real time through the angle adjusting mechanism, and real-time dynamic control over the ventilation resistance and the material powder fineness in the shell is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of biomass energy crushing equipment, specifically a blade crushing and screening device. Background Technology

[0002] With fossil fuels becoming increasingly depleted, the utilization of renewable energy has become a hot topic in the 21st century, and the abundant global reserves and short-term renewability of biomass have made it a focus of attention. Whether in power generation or chemical applications, the ultimate focus of biomass applications will be on issues related to biomass crushing and grinding.

[0003] However, existing powdering equipment used for biomass crushing cannot dynamically adjust the fineness of the powder in real time, and cannot meet the demand for fine and ultrafine powders on an industrial scale. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a blade crushing and screening device to solve the problem in the background art that existing biomass grinding equipment cannot dynamically adjust the fineness of the powder in real time.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A blade crushing and screening device, comprising:

[0007] A housing, the axis of which extends along a first direction, the interior of which is hollow and has a top opening and a bottom opening; the top opening of which is used to communicate with a discharge mechanism, and the bottom opening of which is used to communicate with a blower-carrying slag discharge mechanism.

[0008] A cutter head assembly includes a cutter head shaft, an angle adjustment mechanism, and multiple blades. The cutter head shaft is disposed within a housing and is collinear with the axis of the housing. A through hole extending along a first direction is formed at the center of the cutter head shaft. The through hole is used to pass through a drive component that drives the cutter head shaft to rotate around its own axis. A material feeding pipe is disposed within this drive component, feeding material from the top to the bottom of the housing. A sealed interlayer is formed between the cutter head shaft and this drive component. One end of the multiple blades is rotatably disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the cutter head shaft around its own axis, and the other end of the multiple blades extends away from the cutter head shaft. The angle adjustment mechanism is disposed within the sealed interlayer and is correspondingly connected to the blades to control the rotation of the blades around their own axes.

[0009] A conveying assembly is positioned above the cutter head shaft and connected to an angle adjustment mechanism to provide driving force to the mechanism. This arrangement allows the blades to rotate around their own axis under the action of the angle adjustment mechanism, thereby adjusting the blade tilt angle and the cutting gap between adjacent blades, achieving real-time dynamic control of the fineness of the powder and the ventilation resistance within the housing.

[0010] Furthermore, each blade has a rotating shaft at one end, the axis of which is collinear with the axis of the blade and extends along a second direction. Multiple blades are connected to an angle adjustment mechanism via their own rotating shafts, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. By rotating the rotating shafts through this mechanism, the blade angle can be adjusted.

[0011] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment assembly; the adjustment assembly includes a driver, a pressure rod, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods; the pressure rod is distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the cutter head shaft; the output end of the driver is connected to the pressure rod to drive the pressure rod to move up and down in a first direction; the first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod; the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation axes of the blades located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft; the multiple transmission rods all extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods are used to connect one side of the rotation axes collinear along the first direction, so that the blades collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. When the cutter head shaft is small in size and the driving force of the hydraulic cylinder is strong, a set of adjustment assemblies is sufficient to drive all the blades on the cutter head shaft to rotate synchronously.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes multiple adjustment components, each of which includes a driver, a pressure rod, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods. The pressure rods in each adjustment component are distributed along the same circumferential surface of the cutter head shaft. The output end of the driver is connected to the pressure rod to drive it to move up and down in a first direction. The first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are hinged to the pressure rods, and the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are correspondingly connected to a rotation shaft on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft. The multiple transmission rods extend along the first direction and are used to connect one side of a rotation shaft that is collinear along the first direction, so that the blades collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. When the cutter head shaft is large and the power of one cylinder is clearly insufficient, multiple sets of adjustment components can be provided.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment assembly; the adjustment assembly includes a pressure rod, multiple drivers, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods; the pressure rod is circumferentially disposed on the inner wall of the cutter head shaft; the output ends of the multiple drivers are all connected to the pressure rod to synchronously drive the pressure rod to rise and fall along a first direction; the first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod; the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation axes of the blades located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft; the multiple transmission rods extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods are used to connect one side of the rotation axes collinear along the first direction, so that the blades collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. This arrangement simplifies the number of pressure rods while still achieving synchronous rotation of all blades on the cutter head shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a first link and a second link; the first end of the first link is hinged to the pressure rod, the first end of the second link is hinged to the second end of the first link, and the second end of the second link is fixedly connected to the corresponding rotary shaft. With this configuration, the linkage assembly is formed by the hinged connection of the first and second links, resulting in a simple and reasonable structure. The blade angle can be adjusted by cooperating with the pressure rod and the rotary shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder; among all the hydraulic cylinders in the adjustment components, the oil inlet of one cylinder is connected to the conveying component, and the oil outlet of this cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the next cylinder. The remaining cylinders are connected in series until the oil outlet of the last cylinder is connected to the conveying component. Using hydraulic cylinders as the actuator ensures stable output power. The series connection between the cylinders ensures that the oil flow rate of each cylinder is the same, thus guaranteeing that the displacement of the output shaft of each cylinder is the same, ensuring consistent blade angle adjustment. This achieves synchronous rotation of all blades within the housing with the movement of the hydraulic cylinders, meeting the dynamic balance requirements of the blades rotating at high speed with the cutter head shaft within the housing.

[0016] Furthermore, the conveying assembly includes a support plate, an oil passage rotary ring, and an oil passage conveying ring. The oil passage rotary ring is fixed inside the housing by the support plate and is located above the cutter head shaft. One of the support plates has an oil inlet / outlet channel to connect the oil passage channel inside the oil passage rotary ring to an external oil supply system. The oil passage conveying ring is fixed to the upper end face of the cutter head shaft. The oil passage rotary ring and the oil passage conveying ring are rotatably and sealingly connected. The oil passage conveying ring connects the oil inlet of one cylinder and the oil outlet of the last cylinder to the oil passage channel inside the oil passage rotary ring. The central through hole of the oil passage rotary ring and the oil passage conveying ring allows the drive component that drives the cutter head shaft to rotate around its own axis to pass through. This arrangement prevents oil passage entanglement and knotting during the rotation of the cutter head shaft, improving the working stability of the cutter head shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, the oil delivery channel within the support plate includes an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe; an annular oil inlet channel and an annular oil return channel are formed within the oil circuit rotating ring, with the oil inlet pipe connected to the oil inlet channel and the oil return pipe connected to the oil return channel; vertically distributed oil inlet and oil return pipes are formed on the oil circuit delivery ring, with the oil inlet pipe connecting the oil inlet channel to the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders, and the oil return pipe connecting the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder to the oil return channel. This arrangement rationally configures the oil delivery pipelines, effectively preventing oil circuit entanglement and knotting.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner wall of the shell has a turbulent layer to create turbulence when the material approaches the inner wall of the shell. This arrangement further disturbs the material rising with the airflow, preventing the material from adhering to the inner wall of the lower shell and improving the material crushing effect.

[0019] Furthermore, the turbulent layer protrudes from the inner wall of the shell, and the turbulent layer is composed of protrusions distributed in a spiral pattern; or it is composed of multiple annular protrusions arranged sequentially.

[0020] This invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0021] 1. The blade crushing and screening device of this utility model includes a shell, a cutter head assembly, and a conveying component. The shell is hollow and has a top opening and a bottom opening. The top opening is used to communicate with the discharge mechanism, and the bottom opening is used to communicate with the air-blowing material-carrying and slag-discharging mechanism. The cutter head assembly includes a cutter head shaft, an angle adjustment mechanism, and multiple blades. A through hole is opened in the center of the cutter head shaft, through which a drive component that drives the cutter head shaft to rotate around its own axis passes. A material drop pipe is installed inside this drive component, feeding material from the top to the bottom of the shell. In specific implementation, the material drop pipe, the output end of the drive mechanism, and the cutter head shaft in the cutter head assembly are interconnected and all coaxial with the shell. This design makes the entire blade crushing and screening device compact and effectively reduces the floor space. The blades in the cutter head assembly are mounted on the cutter head shaft, which is driven to rotate by the output end of the drive mechanism, so that the blades crush the material under cutting and impact. At the same time, under the action of the angle adjustment mechanism, the blades can rotate around their own axis, thereby adjusting the angle of the blades and the cutting gap between adjacent blades. Under the high-speed rotation of the blades, the blades provide lift or resistance to the material rising with the airflow. This causes the material to either easily pass through the blade gaps or not easily pass through them, thus achieving the function of screening and adjusting the fineness of the material. From another perspective, as the blades rotate, the continuous change in the cutting gap between adjacent blades on the same circumference intercepts larger particles for further cutting and crushing, while materials meeting the fineness requirements can pass through the cutting gaps and be discharged through the outlet, thus achieving the function of screening. In addition, if the ventilation resistance is too high or too low, the blade angle can also be adjusted to provide a certain amount of lift or resistance. This device achieves real-time dynamic control of the fineness of the powder inside the shell and the ventilation resistance. It meets the fineness requirements of different working conditions while ensuring the stable operation of the entire grinding system.

[0022] 2. The angle adjustment mechanism in this utility model can be equipped with one or more adjustment components depending on the actual situation. When the cutter head shaft is small and the driving force of the hydraulic cylinder is strong, one adjustment component can be set; when the cutter head shaft is large and the power of one hydraulic cylinder is obviously insufficient, multiple adjustment components can be set. When the adjustment component is a set, only one hydraulic cylinder is set. This hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the cutter head shaft. The pressure rod is arranged in a ring in the sealed interlayer between the cutter head shaft and the drive shaft. The output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the pressure rod. The number of connecting rod assemblies and transmission rods corresponds one-to-one with the number of blades in the same circumferential surface. The blade rotation shafts on the same circumferential surface are connected to the pressure rod through the connecting rod assembly. The blade rotation shafts collinear along the first direction are connected through the transmission rod. The hydraulic cylinder drives the pressure rod to rise and fall along the first direction. The connecting rod assembly and transmission rod move, causing the blades on the blade shaft to rotate around their own axis, thereby adjusting the angle of the blades and the cutting gap between adjacent blades. When there are multiple sets of adjustment components, the number of hydraulic cylinders and pressure rods also corresponds to the number of cylinders. The number of connecting rod assemblies and transmission rods still corresponds one-to-one with the number of blades on the same circumferential surface. At this time, multiple pressure rods are evenly distributed along the same circumferential surface of the cutter head shaft, and the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the pressure rods one-to-one. The connecting rod assemblies are connected to the corresponding pressure rods, and the transmission rods are used to connect the rotating shafts that are collinear along the first direction. Their operating principle is the same as described above. By setting the adjustment components, all blades on the blade shaft can move synchronously, and the blade rotation angles are consistent, meeting the dynamic balance requirements of high-speed rotation.

[0023] 3. The conveying assembly in this utility model is used to supply oil to the angle adjustment mechanism. The conveying assembly includes a support plate, an oil circuit rotary ring, and an oil circuit conveying ring. The support plate is used to fix the oil circuit rotary ring inside the housing, and one of the support plates has an oil delivery channel to connect the oil circuit channel inside the oil circuit rotary ring to the external oil supply system. The oil circuit conveying ring rotates with the cutter head shaft and is also connected to the oil circuit rotary ring, as well as to the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders and the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder. This arrangement prevents oil circuit entanglement and knotting during the rotation of the cutter head shaft, improving the working stability of the cutter head shaft. The oil cylinders in the multiple adjustment assemblies are connected in series. This arrangement ensures that the oil flow rate of each oil cylinder is the same, thus ensuring that the displacement of the output shaft of each oil cylinder is the same, and ensuring that the blade angle adjustment is consistent. This achieves synchronous rotation of all blades with the movement of the oil cylinders, meeting the dynamic balance requirements of high-speed rotation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the blade crushing and screening device in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the blade crushing and screening device in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head assembly in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the oil circuit rotary ring in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the blade crushing and screening device and the discharge structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the blade crushing and screening device, the discharge mechanism, and the air-blowing material-carrying and slag-discharging mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the blowing material carrying and slag discharge mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the material distribution block and the blowing ring in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the blade crushing and screening device and the primary crushing system of the mill in Embodiment 4 of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blade crushing and screening device and the roller mill in Embodiment 5 of this utility model;

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Shell; 101. Protrusion; 2. Discharge mechanism; 201. Upper protective shell; 202. Discharge port; 203. Drop pipe; 3. Drive mechanism; 301. Drive motor; 302. Transmission component protective cover; 303. Drive shaft; 4. Cutter head assembly; 401. Cutter head shaft; 402. Angle adjustment mechanism; 4021. Driver; 4022. Pressure rod; 4023. First connecting rod; 4024. Second connecting rod; 4025. Transmission rod; 403. Blade; 404. Rotary shaft; 5. Air blowing and slag discharge mechanism; 501. Lower protective shell; 502. Air inlet; 503. Slag discharge port; 504. Material distribution block; 5 5. Blowing ring; 506. Air guide hole; 507. Slag discharge plate; 508. Air guide platform; 6. Conveying assembly; 601. Support plate; 6011. Oil inlet pipe; 6012. Oil return pipe; 602. Oil circuit rotary ring; 6021. Oil inlet channel; 6022. Oil return channel; 603. Oil circuit conveying ring; 604. Dynamic seal; 7. Return material coarse crushing device; 8. Mill primary crushing system; 9. Roller mill; 901. Drive device; 902. Transmission support part; 903. Shell support rod seat; 904. Slag discharge port; 905. Nozzle ring; 906. Grinding disc; 907. Grinding roller; 908. Loading device; 909. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0038] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0039] Furthermore, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various components shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale.

[0040] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined or described in one figure, it will not need to be further discussed and described in the description of the subsequent figures.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a blade crushing and screening device includes: a housing 1, a cutter head assembly 4, and a conveying assembly; the axis of the housing 1 extends along a first direction (the first direction in this embodiment is the vertical direction in the attached figure), the housing 1 is hollow inside and has a top opening and a bottom opening; the top opening of the housing 1 is used to communicate with a discharge mechanism 2, and the bottom opening of the housing 1 is used to communicate with a blowing and material-carrying slag discharge mechanism 5. Specifically, as... Figure 6 As shown, the discharge mechanism 2 mentioned in this embodiment includes an upper protective shell 201 and a discharge pipe 203. The upper protective shell 201 is hollow inside and has a top opening and a bottom opening. The bottom opening of the upper protective shell 201 is used to connect with the top opening of the shell 1, thereby enabling the internal space of the upper protective shell 201 to communicate with the internal space of the shell 1. A discharge port 202 is provided on one side of the upper protective shell 201. The powder that meets the fineness requirements after being crushed by the cutter assembly is discharged through the discharge port 202. The discharge pipe 203 extends into the upper protective shell 201 along the top opening of the upper protective shell 201 and extends into the internal space of the shell 1, so that the discharge pipe 203 can feed material from the top to the bottom of the shell 1. The axis of the upper protective shell 201, the axis of the discharge pipe 203, and the axis of the shell 1 are all collinear.

[0043] The cutter head assembly 4 includes a cutter head shaft 401, an angle adjustment mechanism 402, and multiple blades 403. The cutter head shaft 401 is disposed inside the housing 1 and is collinear with the axis of the housing 1. A through hole is formed at the center of the cutter head shaft 401 along a first direction. The through hole is used to pass through a drive component that drives the cutter head shaft 401 to rotate around its own axis. A material drop tube 203 is disposed in the inner cavity of the drive component. A sealed interlayer is formed between the cutter head shaft 401 and the drive component. One end of the multiple blades 403 is rotatably disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the cutter head shaft 401 around its own axis. The other end of the multiple blades 403 extends away from the cutter head shaft 401. The angle adjustment mechanism is disposed in the sealed interlayer and is correspondingly connected to the blades 403 to control the rotation of the blades 403 around their own axis.

[0044] Specifically, the cutter head shaft 401 is driven to rotate by the drive mechanism 3, which includes a drive motor 301, a transmission assembly, and a drive shaft 303. The drive shaft 303 is the drive component that drives the cutter head shaft 401 to rotate around its own axis. The drive shaft 303 passes through the top opening of the upper protective shell 201 and extends into the inner shell 1. Inside the upper protective shell 201 and the inner shell 1, the drive shaft 303 is rotatably fitted around the outer periphery of the discharge tube 203. The axis of the drive shaft 303 is collinear with the axis of the discharge tube 203, and the discharge tube 203 does not rotate with the drive shaft 303. The drive motor 301 is mounted on the shell 1, and the output shaft of the drive motor 301 is connected to the drive shaft 303 through the transmission assembly to drive the drive shaft 303 to rotate around its own axis. A transmission assembly protective cover 302 is provided outside the transmission assembly to protect the transmission assembly. The transmission assembly can be a common belt or sprocket chain transmission mechanism to achieve the transmission effect. Rotatable sealing mechanisms (common rotary sealing mechanisms are sufficient) are provided between the drive shaft 303 and the top opening of the upper protective shell 201, and between the bottom of the drive shaft 303 and the discharge pipe 203. These mechanisms prevent powder from entering the gap between the drive shaft 303 and the discharge pipe 203 without affecting the rotation of the drive shaft 303, and also prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the shell 1 or the drive mechanism 3 from the outside. The speed of the cutter head shaft 401 can be steplessly controlled by adjusting the speed of the drive motor 301.

[0045] The conveying assembly is positioned above the cutter head shaft 401 and is connected to the angle adjustment mechanism 402, providing driving force for the mechanism. Under the action of the angle adjustment mechanism, the blades can rotate around their own axis, thereby adjusting the blade tilt angle and the cutting gap between adjacent blades. If the ventilation resistance is too high or too low, the angle of the blades 403 can be adjusted to provide a certain lift or resistance, achieving real-time dynamic control of the ventilation resistance and powder fineness within the housing 1. This ensures stable operation of the entire grinding system while meeting the fineness requirements of different working conditions.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, each blade 403 has a rotation shaft 404 at one end. The axis of the rotation shaft 404 is collinear with the axis of the blade 403 and extends along a second direction (the second direction in this embodiment is the horizontal direction in the attached figure). Multiple blades 403 are connected to the angle adjustment mechanism 402 via their own rotation shafts 404. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The rotation shaft 404 facilitates the connection between the angle adjustment mechanism 402 and the blades 403. The angle adjustment mechanism 402 can directly control the rotation shaft 404 to adjust the angle of the blades 403, which is simple, quick, and highly stable. In this embodiment, multiple blade groups are arranged along the first direction on the cutter head shaft 401. Each blade group has multiple blades 403 evenly distributed along the circumference of the cutter head shaft 401, and the rotation shafts 404 of blades on adjacent circumferential surfaces are collinear along the first direction. This arrangement facilitates the connection between the angle adjustment mechanism and the blades 403.

[0047] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism 402 includes multiple adjustment components. Each adjustment component includes a driver 4021, a pressure rod 4022, multiple connecting rod assemblies, and multiple transmission rods 4025. The pressure rods 4022 in each adjustment component are distributed along the same circumferential surface of the cutter head shaft. The output end of the driver 4021 is connected to the pressure rod 4022 to drive the pressure rod 4022 to rise and fall along a first direction. The first ends of the multiple connecting rod assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rods 4022. The second ends of the multiple connecting rod assemblies are correspondingly connected to the rotary shaft 404 located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft 401. The multiple transmission rods 4025 extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods 4025 are used to connect one side of the rotary shaft 404 that is collinear along the first direction, so that the blades 403 that are collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. With the above settings, as long as the driver 4021 operates synchronously, all the blades 403 on the cutter head shaft 401 can be adjusted synchronously, and the rotation angle of the blades 403 is consistent, thus meeting the dynamic balance requirements during high-speed rotation. When the cutter head shaft 401 is large or requires high stability, the scheme of setting multiple adjustment components as in this embodiment can be adopted. When the cutter head shaft 401 is small, only one adjustment component can be set.

[0048] like Figure 4As shown, the linkage assembly includes a first linkage 4023 and a second linkage 4024. The first end of the first linkage 4023 is hinged to the pressure rod 4022, and the first end of the second linkage 4024 is hinged to the second end of the first linkage 4023. The second end of the second linkage 4024 is fixedly connected to the corresponding rotary shaft 404. In this embodiment, the linkage assembly consists of a hinged first linkage 4023 and a second linkage 4024, resulting in a simple structure. By cooperating with the pressure rod 4022, it can drive the rotary shaft 404 to rotate, thereby adjusting the angle of the blade 403.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the driver 4021 is a hydraulic cylinder. Among all the hydraulic cylinders in the adjustment components, the oil inlet of one cylinder is connected to the conveying component 6, and the oil outlet of this cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the next cylinder. The remaining cylinders are connected in series until the oil outlet of the last cylinder is connected to the conveying component 6. Using a hydraulic cylinder as the driver ensures stable output power. The series connection between the cylinders ensures that the oil flow of each cylinder is the same, thus guaranteeing that the displacement of the output shaft of each cylinder is the same, ensuring consistent blade angle adjustment. This achieves synchronous rotation of all blades in the housing with the movement of the hydraulic cylinders, meeting the dynamic balance requirements of the blades rotating at high speed with the cutter head shaft. In specific implementations, under the premise of ensuring stable power output, pneumatic cylinders or other drive mechanisms can also be selected.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the conveying assembly includes a support plate 601, an oil passage rotary ring 602, and an oil passage conveying ring 603. The oil passage rotary ring 602 is fixed to the top opening of the housing 1 via the support plate 601, and is located above the cutter head shaft 401. One of the support plates 601 has an oil inlet / outlet channel for connecting the oil passage channel in the oil passage rotary ring 602 to an external oil supply system. The oil passage conveying ring 603 is fixed to the upper end face of the cutter head shaft 401. The oil passage rotary ring 602 and the oil passage conveying ring 603 are rotatably and sealingly connected. The oil passage conveying ring 603 is used to connect the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders and the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder to the oil passage channel in the oil passage rotary ring 602. The central through hole of the oil passage rotary ring 602 and the oil passage conveying ring 603 is used for the drive shaft 303 to pass through. The fit between the oil passage rotary ring 602 and the oil passage delivery ring 603 is similar to that of a multi-channel rotary joint. The oil passage rotary ring 602 is fixed inside the housing 1 by the support plate 601 and does not rotate with the cutter head shaft 401, while the oil passage delivery ring 603 is fixed to the upper end of the cutter head shaft 401 and rotates with the cutter head shaft.

[0051] Specifically, the oil delivery channel within the support plate 601 includes an oil inlet pipe 6011 and an oil return pipe 6012; such as Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the oil circuit rotating ring 602 has an annular oil inlet channel 6021 and an annular oil return channel 6022. The oil circuit rotating ring 602 fits into the oil circuit conveying ring 603. Dynamic seals 604 are provided between the oil inlet channel 6021 and the oil return channel 6022, and between the oil circuit rotating ring 603 and the oil circuit conveying ring 603, to prevent oil leakage during relative rotation. The oil inlet pipe 6011 is connected to the oil inlet channel 6021, and the oil return pipe 6012 is connected to the oil return channel 6022. The oil circuit conveying ring 603 has an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe distributed vertically. The oil inlet pipe connects the oil inlet channel 6021 to the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders, and the oil return pipe connects the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder to the oil return channel 6022. With this configuration, there is no oil circuit entanglement or knotting during the rotation of the cutter head shaft, improving the working stability of the cutter head shaft. An external oil circuit control system is also installed to control the oil supply to the oil cylinder in order to adjust the angle of the blade.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the inner wall of the shell 1 has a turbulence layer to create turbulence when material approaches the inner wall of the shell. This arrangement further disturbs the material rising with the airflow, preventing material from adhering to the inner wall of the lower shell and improving the crushing effect of the material. Specifically, the turbulence layer protrudes from the inner wall surface of the shell, and the turbulence layer has protrusions 101 distributed in a spiral pattern; or it is formed by multiple annular protrusions 101 arranged sequentially.

[0053] like Figures 8-10 As shown, in this embodiment, the blowing material carrying and slag discharge mechanism 5 includes a lower protective shell 501 and a material distribution blowing mechanism for evenly distributing the falling material and changing the airflow speed and direction. The lower protective shell 501 is connected to the bottom opening of the shell 1, and the inner cavity of the lower protective shell 501 communicates with the inner cavity of the shell 1. The material distribution blowing mechanism is disposed on the inner wall of the lower protective shell 501. An air inlet 502 is provided on one side of the lower protective shell 501, and the air inlet 502 is located below the material distribution blowing mechanism. A slag discharge port 507 is provided on the other side of the lower protective shell 501. The airflow enters the lower protective shell 501 through the air inlet 502. After the flow speed and direction are adjusted by the material distribution blowing mechanism, the material discharged from the falling pipe 2 is blown to the blade 403 for crushing and screening. The material with qualified fineness is discharged through the discharge port 103, and the material that is difficult to crush is discharged through the slag discharge port 503.

[0054] like Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the material distribution blower mechanism includes a material distribution block 504 arranged sequentially along the material dropping direction for evenly distributing the falling material, and a blower ring 505 for changing the airflow velocity and direction. The material distribution block 504 is conical, and the blower ring 505 has a top surface, a bottom surface, and a conical surface connecting the top and bottom surfaces. The top surface area of ​​the blower ring 505 is smaller than the bottom surface area. The material distribution block 504 is located on the top surface of the blower ring 505. The axis of the material distribution block 504 and the axis of the blower ring 505 are both collinear with the axis of the material dropping pipe 203. The bottom surface area of ​​the material distribution block 504 is larger than the top surface area of ​​the blower ring 505. The conical surface of the blower ring 505 has several guide holes 506 extending from the conical surface to its bottom surface. The guide holes 506 are all curved and evenly distributed along the conical surface of the blower ring. The material distribution block 504 is conical, with its axis collinear with the axis of the discharge pipe. Material falling through the discharge pipe is evenly distributed along the conical surface of the material distribution block. The bottom diameter of the material distribution block 504 is larger than the outlet diameter of the discharge pipe 2, allowing material falling through the discharge pipe 2 to be evenly distributed along the conical surface of the material distribution block 504. The air blowing ring 505 has a conical surface, with the upper end being the smaller diameter and the lower end the larger diameter, allowing the material evenly distributed by the material distribution block 504 to slide freely along the conical surface of the air blowing ring 505. This design effectively improves the uniformity of material distribution. The air guide holes 506 are all curved, allowing the airflow passing through the air guide holes 506 to blow the material along an inclined direction. This, combined with the blades on the cutter head shaft, achieves good crushing and screening effects.

[0055] In this embodiment, the ratio of the bottom area of ​​the material distribution block 504 to the top area of ​​the air blowing ring 505 is 1:0.95 to 1:0.8. This setting ensures that the bottom area of ​​the material distribution block 504 is slightly larger than the top area of ​​the air blowing ring 505, guaranteeing that the material can slide from the conical surface of the material distribution block 504 to the conical surface of the air blowing ring 505, preventing material accumulation at the junction of the material distribution block 504 and the air blowing ring 505. The ratio of the top area of ​​the air blowing ring 505 to the bottom area of ​​the air blowing ring is 1:5 to 1:20. The specific ratio needs to be designed according to the angle of repose of the material to allow the material to slide freely on the air blowing ring.

[0056] Specifically, the width of the air guide hole 506 gradually increases from the center to the circumference of the air blowing ring 505. This arrangement, combined with the curved structure of the air guide hole itself, ensures that the airflow passing through the air guide hole is distributed in an inclined direction. The width of the air guide hole 503 gradually increases from the top surface to the bottom surface of the air blowing ring 505. This arrangement prevents material from getting stuck in the air guide hole during its descent.

[0057] like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the blowing and slag-carrying discharge mechanism 5 is further equipped with a discharge air guide mechanism, which includes a slag discharge plate 507 and an air guide platform 508. The slag discharge plate 507 is inclinedly disposed inside the lower protective shell 501. One side of the slag discharge plate 507 is located below the air inlet 502, and the other side of the slag discharge plate 507 is located below the slag discharge port 503. The side of the slag discharge plate 507 near the air inlet 502 is higher than the side near the slag discharge port 503. The air guide platform 508 is fixed to the slag discharge plate 507. The axis of the air guide platform 508 is collinear with the blowing ring 505, and the top surface of the air guide platform 508 is close to or in contact with the bottom surface of the blowing ring 505. The air guide platform 508 is frustum-shaped. The air guide 508 can make the air coming from the air inlet 502 disperse as evenly as possible on the bottom surface of the air blowing ring 505 under the guiding effect of the air guide 508, so that the air volume and wind speed passing through each air guide hole 503 are basically the same.

[0058] The blower-driven material discharge device 5 also includes a material return coarse crushing device 7. The first end of the material return coarse crushing device 7 is connected to the slag discharge port 503, and the second end of the material return coarse crushing device 7 is connected to the material drop pipe 2. The material return coarse crushing device has the functions of material return and crushing. The material after coarse crushing is sent to the material drop pipe for further crushing and screening.

[0059] In practice:

[0060] The blade crushing and screening device of this utility model has its top end connected to the discharge mechanism 2 and its bottom end connected to the blowing material carrying and slag discharge mechanism 5. During operation, airflow enters through the air inlet 502, and is guided and distributed and speed-regulated by the air guide platform 508 and the air blowing ring 505. The material (or light material) after being crushed by the primary crushing system enters through the discharge pipe 203. The material distribution block 504 distributes the material falling from the discharge pipe 203 onto the air blowing ring 505 below. The airflow blown up by the air blowing ring 505 blows the material up in an inclined direction to the cutter head assembly. The cutter head assembly 4 fully impacts the incoming biomass material, and the biomass material subjected to high-speed impact is further crushed. Finally, it is discharged from the discharge port 103. The difficult-to-crush material falls along the air guide hole 506 of the air blowing ring 505 onto the slag discharge plate 507, and is then discharged from the slag discharge port 503 through the slag discharge plate 507. A return coarse crushing device 7 can be installed at the slag discharge port 503 to transport the difficult-to-crush large particles to the discharge pipe for further crushing. During the crushing process, the speed of the drive motor 301 is adjusted to achieve stepless control of the speed of the cutter head shaft 401. When it is necessary to change the fineness of the powder or the ventilation resistance, the oil supply of the oil cylinder is adjusted through the external oil circuit control system, so that the output shaft of the oil cylinder is displaced in the first direction, driving the pressure rod 4022 to rise and fall. Under the drive of the first connecting rod 4023, the second connecting rod 4024 and the transmission rod 4025, the blades 403 on the cutter head shaft 401 rotate synchronously and are adjusted to a uniform angle.

[0061] During the adjustment process: Under the high-speed rotation of blade 403, the rotation of blade 403 provides a certain lift or resistance to the material rising with the airflow. This causes the material to either easily pass through the gaps between blades 403 or not easily pass through the gaps between blades 403, thus playing a role in screening and adjusting the fineness of the material. From another perspective, as blade 403 rotates, the continuous change in the cutting gap between adjacent blades 403 on the same circumference intercepts larger particles of material for further cutting and crushing, while material that meets the fineness requirements can pass through the cutting gaps and be discharged through the discharge port 103, thus playing a screening role. In addition, if the ventilation resistance is too high or too low, a certain lift or resistance can also be provided by adjusting the angle of the blades, realizing real-time dynamic control of the fineness of the powder and the ventilation resistance inside the shell. This ensures the stable operation of the entire grinding system while meeting the fineness requirements of different working conditions.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except for the following technical solutions:

[0064] In this embodiment, the cutter head shaft is relatively small and the hydraulic cylinder has a strong driving force. By setting a set of adjustment components, all the blades on the cutter head shaft 401 can be driven to rotate synchronously.

[0065] Specifically, the angle adjustment mechanism 402 includes an adjustment component; the adjustment component includes a driver 303, a pressure rod 4022, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods 4025; the pressure rod 4022 is distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the cutter head shaft 401; the output end of the driver 4021 is connected to the pressure rod 4022 to drive the pressure rod 4022 to rise and fall along a first direction; the first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod 4022; the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation shafts 404 of the blades 403 located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft 401; the multiple transmission rods 4025 extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods 4025 are used to connect one side of the rotation shafts 404 collinear along the first direction, so that the blades 403 collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. In implementation, the actuator 303 is a hydraulic cylinder, and there is one actuator 303 and one pressure rod 4022. The number of connecting rod assemblies and transmission rods 4025 corresponds to the number of blades on the same circumferential surface. The oil supply to the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by an external hydraulic control system, thereby adjusting the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder output shaft. This displacement of the hydraulic cylinder output shaft along the first direction drives the pressure rod to rise and fall. Under the action of the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod, and the transmission rod, the blades on the cutter head shaft are synchronously adjusted to a uniform angle. This achieves real-time dynamic control of the ventilation resistance and powder fineness within the housing, meeting the dynamic balance requirements during high-speed rotation.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except for the following technical solutions:

[0068] The angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component; the adjustment component includes a pressure rod 4022, multiple drivers 4021, multiple connecting rod assemblies, and multiple transmission rods 4025; in this embodiment, the pressure rod 4022 is annular and is arranged on the inner wall of the cutter head shaft 401 along the circumference of the cutter head shaft 401. The output ends of the multiple drivers 4021 are all connected to the pressure rod 4022 to synchronously drive the pressure rod 4022 to rise and fall along the first direction. The first ends of the multiple connecting rod assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod 4022, and the second ends of the multiple connecting rod assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation shafts 404 of the blades located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft 401. The multiple transmission rods 4025 extend along the first direction and are used to connect one side of the rotation shafts 404 that are collinear along the first direction, so that the blades 403 that are collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously. The adjustment component in this embodiment can simplify the number of pressure rods 4022, while still enabling all blades 403 on the cutter head shaft 401 to rotate synchronously.

[0069] Example 4:

[0070] This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except for the following technical solutions:

[0071] like Figure 11 As shown, the blowing and material-carrying slag discharge device 5 is the primary crushing system 8 of the mill. The first shell is directly installed in the primary crushing system of the mill. The material falls from the discharge pipe 203, is crushed by the mill's primary crushing system, and then is carried upwards at an angle by the high-speed airflow of the primary crushing system 8. The cutter head assembly 4 fully impacts the incoming biomass material, further crushing it under high-speed impact. Finally, it is discharged from the discharge port 202 of the upper protective shell 201. The difficult-to-crush material is discharged through the mill's slag discharge system or enters the mill's own return material device for further crushing. During the material crushing process, the speed of the drive motor 301 is adjusted to achieve stepless control of the cutter head shaft 401 speed. The oil supply of the oil cylinder is adjusted by the external oil circuit control system to synchronously adjust the blades 403 on the cutter head shaft 401 to a uniform angle. Real-time dynamic control of the ventilation resistance and powder fineness inside the shell 1 is achieved, meeting the dynamic balance requirements during high-speed rotation.

[0072] Example 5:

[0073] This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except for the following technical solutions:

[0074] like Figure 12As shown, the blowing and material-carrying slag discharge device 5 is a roller mill 9, with the bottom opening of the first housing 1 connected to the roller mill 9. During operation, the drive device 901 of the roller mill 9 is activated, driving the transmission support 902 to rotate, thereby rotating the grinding disc 906 and the grinding roller 907. The loading device 908 adjusts the loading force of the grinding roller in real time. The material falls into the feed pipe 203 and is thrown to the periphery by the centrifugal force of the rotating grinding disc 906, and then is ground by the grinding roller 907. The airflow enters through the air inlet 909 and blows upward through the nozzle ring 905, thereby blowing the material ground by the grinding roller 907 to the cutter head assembly 4 for secondary grinding. Impurities that cannot be carried by the airflow are discharged from the slag discharge port 904.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A blade break-up and sizing apparatus, characterized by, include: A housing, the axis of which extends along a first direction, the interior of which is hollow and has a top opening and a bottom opening; the top opening of which is used to communicate with a discharge mechanism, and the bottom opening of which is used to communicate with a blower-driven material discharge mechanism. A cutter head assembly includes a cutter head shaft, an angle adjustment mechanism, and multiple blades. The cutter head shaft is disposed within a housing and is collinear with the axis of the housing. A through hole extending along a first direction is formed at the center of the cutter head shaft. The through hole is used to pass through a drive component that drives the cutter head shaft to rotate around its own axis. A material feeding pipe is disposed within this drive component, feeding material from the top to the bottom of the housing. A sealed interlayer is formed between the cutter head shaft and this drive component. One end of the multiple blades is rotatably disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the cutter head shaft around its own axis, and the other end of the multiple blades extends away from the cutter head shaft. The angle adjustment mechanism is disposed within the sealed interlayer and is correspondingly connected to the blades to control the rotation of the blades around their own axes. A conveying assembly is disposed above the cutter head shaft and is connected to an angle adjustment mechanism to provide driving force to the angle adjustment mechanism.

2. The blade break-up and sizing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: Each blade has a rotating shaft at one end. The axis of the rotating shaft is collinear with the axis of the blade and extends along a second direction. Multiple blades are connected to an angle adjustment mechanism through their own rotating shafts. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

3. The blade break-up and screening apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component; the adjustment component includes a driver, a pressure rod, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods; the pressure rod is distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the cutter head shaft; the output end of the driver is connected to the pressure rod to drive the pressure rod to rise and fall along a first direction; the first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod; the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation axes of the blades located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft; the multiple transmission rods extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods are used to connect one side of the rotation axes collinear along the first direction, so that the blades collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously.

4. The blade break-up and screening apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The angle adjustment mechanism includes multiple adjustment components, each of which includes a driver, a pressure rod, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods. The pressure rods in each adjustment component are distributed along the same circumferential surface of the cutter head shaft. The output end of the driver is connected to the pressure rod to drive the pressure rod to move up and down along a first direction. The first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rods, and the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are correspondingly connected to the rotation shafts on the same circumferential surface of the cutter head shaft. The multiple transmission rods extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods are used to connect one side of the rotation shafts that are collinear along the first direction, so that the blades that are collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously.

5. The blade break-up and screening apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment assembly; the adjustment assembly includes a pressure rod, multiple drivers, multiple linkage assemblies, and multiple transmission rods; the pressure rod is arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the cutter head shaft, the output ends of the multiple drivers are all connected to the pressure rod to synchronously drive the pressure rod to rise and fall along a first direction, the first ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are all hinged to the pressure rod, the second ends of the multiple linkage assemblies are connected one-to-one with the rotation shafts of the blades located on the same circumferential surface on the cutter head shaft, and the multiple transmission rods extend along the first direction, and the multiple transmission rods are used to connect one side of the rotation shafts collinear along the first direction, so that the blades collinear along the first direction rotate synchronously.

6. The blade crushing and screening apparatus of any one of claims 3-5, wherein: The linkage assembly includes a first linkage and a second linkage; the first end of the first linkage is hinged to the pressure rod, the first end of the second linkage is hinged to the second end of the first linkage, and the second end of the second linkage is fixedly connected to the corresponding rotation shaft.

7. The blade crushing and screening apparatus of any one of claims 3-5, wherein: The actuator is a hydraulic cylinder; among all the hydraulic cylinders of the adjusting components, the oil inlet of one hydraulic cylinder is connected to the conveying component, the oil outlet of this hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the next hydraulic cylinder, and the remaining hydraulic cylinders are connected in series until the oil outlet of the last hydraulic cylinder is connected to the conveying component.

8. The blade break-up screening apparatus of claim 7, wherein: The conveying assembly includes a support plate, an oil passage rotary ring, and an oil passage conveying ring. The oil passage rotary ring is fixed inside the housing by the support plate and is located above the cutter head shaft. One of the support plates has an oil inlet / outlet channel to connect the oil passage channel inside the oil passage rotary ring to an external oil supply system. The oil passage conveying ring is fixed to the upper end face of the cutter head shaft. The oil passage rotary ring and the oil passage conveying ring are rotatably and sealed together. The oil passage conveying ring connects the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders and the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder to the oil passage channel inside the oil passage rotary ring. The central through hole of the oil passage rotary ring and the oil passage conveying ring is used for the drive component that drives the cutter head shaft to rotate around its own axis to pass through.

9. The blade break-up and screening apparatus of claim 8, wherein: The oil supply channel within the support plate includes an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe; an annular oil inlet channel and an annular oil return channel are provided within the oil circuit rotating ring, the oil inlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet channel, and the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return channel; an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe distributed vertically are provided on the oil circuit conveying ring, the oil inlet pipe connects the oil inlet channel to the oil inlet of one of the oil cylinders, and the oil return pipe connects the oil outlet of the last oil cylinder to the oil return channel.

10. The blade break-up and screening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The inner wall of the shell has a turbulent layer to create turbulence when material approaches the inner wall of the shell.

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