Composting reactor

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, in particular to a composting reactor which comprises a tank body with an opening in the top end, a tank cover arranged at the opening end of the tank body, a motor arranged on the tank cover and a rotating shaft arranged on the motor, the rotating shaft is located in the tank body and is of a hollow tubular structure, and a rotating drum with an opening in the top end is arranged below the rotating shaft. A spiral blade is arranged on the rotating drum, a heating rod is arranged in the rotating drum, and a transmission mechanism is arranged between the motor and the rotating shaft; the transmission mechanism comprises a fixing shell of a hollow structure, two first bevel gears arranged in the fixing shell, a second bevel gear arranged between the two first bevel gears and a fixing rod rotationally arranged in the second bevel gear in a sleeved mode, and the two first bevel gears are installed on a driving shaft and a rotating shaft of the motor correspondingly. The upper end and the lower end of the fixing shell are installed on the motor and the tank cover correspondingly. A through hole is formed in the side, away from the second bevel gear, of the fixing shell. The utility model provides a composting reactor which is convenient and uniform in heating and good in stirring effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of bio-fermentation technology, specifically to a composting reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Composting is an environmentally friendly and efficient method for treating organic waste. It primarily relies on microbial decomposition to transform organic waste such as kitchen waste, fallen leaves, and manure into nutrient-rich humus fertilizer. This method not only significantly reduces the environmental pressure from waste disposal but also effectively improves soil fertility and structure, thereby promoting plant growth and increasing yields. There are various composting methods, including static composting and reactor composting. Static composting involves spreading compost material statically on the ground and allowing it to decompose naturally. While this method is relatively low-cost, it has drawbacks such as a long composting cycle and a large required land area. Reactor composting, on the other hand, involves feeding compost material into a specially designed reactor and continuously stirring it using heating and agitation devices to accelerate the decomposition process. Due to its significant advantages, such as a relatively short composting cycle, smaller footprint, and a better working environment, reactor composting has become a widely adopted method in the field of composting.

[0003] To improve the efficiency of the composting process, the composting reactor must ensure that its internal cavity is maintained within a suitable temperature range for microbial decomposition. To achieve this, the reactor's internal cavity needs continuous heating. However, in practice, to avoid collisions between the agitator and the heating device, the heating device is usually installed above or below the agitator. While this arrangement resolves the physical conflict between the agitator and heating device, it easily leads to temperature stratification within the reactor cavity, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the top and bottom of the reactor. This temperature difference directly affects the uniformity and efficiency of composting, thus impacting the quality of the final product. Furthermore, existing agitators typically only achieve unidirectional mixing, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive mixing of the compost material, particularly hindering the synchronous flow of materials in both the axial and lateral directions. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the assembly of the heating device and the design of the mixing process for composting reactors. By optimizing these key aspects, the efficiency and quality of composting can be further improved, resulting in higher-quality humic fertilizer that meets market demand for premium fertilizers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a composting reactor that offers convenient and uniform heating and excellent mixing, thereby overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a composting reactor, including a tank with an open top, a tank cover at the open end of the tank, a motor on the tank cover, and a rotating shaft on the motor. The rotating shaft is located inside the tank and adopts a hollow tubular structure. A rotating cylinder with an open top is arranged below the rotating shaft. The rotating cylinder is equipped with helical blades. The top end of the rotating cylinder is connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft. A heating rod is arranged inside the rotating cylinder. A transmission mechanism is arranged between the motor and the rotating shaft. The transmission mechanism includes a hollow fixed shell, two first helical gears arranged inside the fixed shell, a second helical gear arranged between the two first helical gears, and a fixed rod rotatably fitted inside the second helical gear. The fixed rod is installed on the inner wall of the fixed shell. The upper and lower sides of the second helical gear are respectively engaged with the two first helical gears. The two first helical gears are respectively installed on the drive shaft of the motor and the rotating shaft. The upper and lower ends of the fixed shell are respectively installed on the motor and the tank cover. A through hole is opened on the side of the fixed shell away from the second helical gear. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the tank cover.

[0006] Preferably, a rotating seat is fitted onto the rotating shaft, the rotating seat is installed on the top of the rotating shaft, and support plates are horizontally arranged on both sides of the rotating seat. One side of the support plate is installed on the rotating seat, and a stirring shaft is rotatably arranged on the other side of the support plate. The stirring shaft is located inside the tank. An external gear is provided at the top of the stirring shaft, and an internal gear is meshed on the external gear. The internal gear is installed on the bottom surface of the tank cover. The center of the internal gear and the center of the first helical gear installed on the rotating shaft are located on the same axis. A stirring blade is provided below the support plate, and the stirring blade is spirally installed on the stirring shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the can lid has a feed inlet located outside the internal gear or support plate. A baffle is provided inside the feed inlet. The side of the baffle closest to the motor is hinged to the can lid. A stop block is provided on the side of the baffle closest to the motor. One side of the stop block is installed on the bottom surface of the can lid, and the other side of the stop block is in contact with the bottom surface of the baffle.

[0008] Preferably, the inner cavity of the rotating drum is connected to the inner cavity of the rotating shaft. Several fixed tubes are fitted on the rotating shaft. The fixed tubes are installed at equal intervals on the rotating shaft. Support rods are horizontally arranged on both sides of the fixed tubes. A stirring paddle is arranged on the side of the support rod away from the rotating shaft. The two ends of the support rod are respectively arranged on the stirring paddle and the fixed tube.

[0009] Preferably, a flange is provided above the spiral blade, the flange is installed on the top of the rotating drum, and the flange is installed on the fixed pipe provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft by screws.

[0010] Preferably, a protective cover is provided on the side of the fixed shell near the perforation. The protective cover adopts an arc-shaped plate structure and is installed on the inner wall of the fixed shell. The inner cavity formed by the protective cover and the fixed shell is connected to the perforation, and the bottom end of the protective cover is located between the two first helical gears.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom end of the tank is provided with a discharge pipe, which is an integral structure with the tank. The inner cavity of the discharge pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the tank. A discharge valve is provided below the discharge pipe, and the inlet end of the discharge valve is installed on the bottom end of the discharge pipe. The bottom of the spiral blade and the bottom of the rotating shaft are located inside the discharge pipe.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, the hollow tubular structure of the rotating shaft facilitates the placement of the heating rod inside the rotating drum, allowing the heating rod to heat the inner cavity of the drum. The heat generated by the heating rod is transferred to the inner cavity of the tank through the rotating shaft, rotating drum, and spiral blades, resulting in more uniform heat distribution within the tank and improving the quality of the produced humic fertilizer. Furthermore, the two first and second helical gears transmit the kinetic energy of the motor to the rotating shaft, driving the rotating drum and spiral blades to rotate and thus stir the compost material. Simultaneously, the through cavity formed between the two first helical gears allows the heating rod's wires to pass through, preventing interference between the heating rod and the stirring mechanism, and facilitating simultaneous heating and stirring to improve the efficiency of the composting reaction.

[0013] Secondly, this invention features a rotating base and support plate, with stirring shafts on both sides of the rotating shaft. The rotation of the rotating shaft drives the stirring shafts to stir the inner cavity of the tank. Through an external gear on the stirring shaft and an internal gear on the tank cover, the stirring shaft can rotate, driving the stirring blades to rotate around the shaft, thereby improving the stirring effect. Furthermore, the feed inlet on the tank cover is located outside the internal gear or support plate to prevent compost material from falling onto the internal gear or support plate. A baffle facilitates the control of opening and closing the feed inlet.

[0014] Furthermore, this invention, by setting a fixed pipe and support rod to assemble the stirring paddle onto the rotating shaft, facilitates the use of the stirring paddle to horizontally stir the compost material inside the tank, enabling simultaneous horizontal and vertical stirring and thus further improving the stirring effect. Moreover, this invention uses a flange to mount the rotating drum onto the rotating shaft, facilitating the loading and unloading of the drum for the removal and maintenance of the heating rod inside. The protective cover allows the heating rod's wires to pass through the inner cavity formed by the protective cover and the fixed shell, preventing contact between the heating rod's wires and the first helical gear mounted on the motor, thereby improving the stability of this invention in use.

[0015] In addition, this utility model has a discharge valve to facilitate the control of the tank's discharge operation. By extending the spiral blades into the discharge pipe, the compost material in the discharge pipe is stirred, so that the compost material is stirred more evenly. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point B in the middle.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the rotating shaft and the can lid in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed shell in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a composting reactor includes a tank 1 with an open top, a tank cover 2 at the open end of the tank 1, a motor 3 mounted on the tank cover 2, and a rotating shaft 4 mounted on the motor 3. The rotating shaft 4 is located inside the tank 1 and has a hollow tubular structure. Below the rotating shaft 4 is a rotating cylinder 5 with an open top, and spiral blades 6 are mounted on the rotating cylinder 5. The top end of the rotating cylinder 5 is connected to the bottom end of the rotating shaft 4. A heating rod 7 is installed inside the rotating cylinder 5 to heat the inner cavity of the rotating cylinder 5. The spiral blades 6 transfer the heat generated by the heating rod 7 to the inner cavity of the tank 1, making the heat in the tank 1 more uniform. A transmission mechanism is provided between the motor 3 and the rotating shaft 4. The transmission mechanism includes a hollow fixed shell 8, two first helical gears 9 installed inside the fixed shell 8, a second helical gear 10 positioned between the two first helical gears 9, and a fixed rod 11 rotatingly fitted inside the second helical gear 10. The fixing rod 11 is installed on the inner wall of the fixing shell 8. The upper and lower sides of the second helical gear 10 are respectively engaged with two first helical gears 9. The two first helical gears 9 are respectively installed on the drive shaft of the motor 3 and the rotating shaft 4. The upper and lower ends of the fixing shell 8 are respectively installed on the motor 3 and the can cover 2. A through hole 12 is opened on the side of the fixing shell 8 away from the second helical gear 10, so that the wire of the heating rod 7 passes through the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 4 into the fixing shell 8 and then passes out through the through hole 12, so as to avoid interference between the heating rod 7 and the stirring, and facilitate simultaneous heating and stirring to improve the efficiency of the composting reaction. The rotating shaft 4 is rotatably installed on the can cover 2. The can cover 2 is provided with a bearing seat. The rotating shaft 4 is rotatably installed on the can cover 2 through the bearing seat, so that the motor 3 drives the first helical gear 9 and the second helical gear 10 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating shaft 4, the rotating drum 5 and the spiral blade 6 to rotate for stirring.

[0023] In this embodiment, a rotating seat 13 is fitted onto the rotating shaft 4, and the rotating seat 13 is installed on the top of the rotating shaft 4. Support plates 14 are horizontally arranged on both sides of the rotating seat 13. One side of the support plate 14 is mounted on the rotating seat 13, and a stirring shaft 15 is rotatably mounted on the other side of the support plate 14. The stirring shaft 15 is located inside the tank 1. Rotation of the rotating shaft 4 drives the support plate 14 and the stirring shaft 15 to rotate, thereby using the stirring shaft 15 to stir the inner cavity of the tank 1. A bearing seat is provided between the stirring shaft 15 and the support plate 14, and the stirring shaft 15 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 14 through this bearing seat. Above; an external gear 16 is provided at the top of the stirring shaft 15, and an internal gear 17 is meshed on the external gear 16. The internal gear 17 is installed on the bottom surface of the tank cover 2. The center of the internal gear 17 and the center of the first helical gear 9 installed on the rotating shaft 4 are located on the same axis. A stirring blade 18 is provided below the support plate 14. The stirring blade 18 is spirally installed on the stirring shaft 15, so that when the rotating shaft 4 drives the stirring shaft 15 to rotate, the meshing of the internal gear 17 and the external gear 16 can drive the stirring blade 18 to rotate around the stirring shaft 15, thereby improving the stirring effect. It should be noted that, in order to prevent compost material from splashing onto the internal gear 17, external gear 16, or support plate 14, a sealing cover with a top opening is provided on the rotary seat 13. The sealing cover is installed on the rotary seat 13, and the rotary seat 13, internal gear 17, external gear 16, and support plate 14 are all located inside the sealing cover. The top of the sealing cover is in contact with the bottom of the tank cover 2. The sealing cover has a sleeve hole, which is fitted onto the rotating shaft 4 or stirring shaft 15, so that the rotating shaft 4 and stirring shaft 15 pass through the sealing cover, thereby preventing compost material from splashing onto the internal gear 17, external gear 16, or support plate 14.

[0024] Specifically, the can lid 2 is provided with a feed inlet 19, which is located outside the internal gear 17 or the support plate 14 to prevent the compost material being fed into the can body 1 from falling onto the internal gear 17 or the support plate 14. A baffle 20 is provided inside the feed inlet 19. The side of the baffle 20 closest to the motor 3 is hinged to the can lid 2. A stop block 21 is provided on the side of the baffle 20 closest to the motor 3. One side of the stop block 21 is installed on the bottom surface of the can lid 2, and the other side of the stop block 21 contacts the bottom surface of the baffle 20 to support the baffle 20. The opening or closing of the feed inlet 19 can be controlled by rotating the baffle 20.

[0025] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 and 5The inner cavity of the rotating drum 5 is connected to the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 4. Several fixed tubes 22 are mounted on the rotating shaft 4 at equal intervals. Support rods 23 are horizontally arranged on both sides of the fixed tubes 22. A stirring paddle 24 is arranged on the side of the support rod 23 away from the rotating shaft 4. The two ends of the support rod 23 are respectively arranged on the stirring paddle 24 and the fixed tube 22, so that the stirring paddle 24 is used to stir the compost material in the tank 1 laterally to improve the stirring effect.

[0026] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 and 5 A flange 25 is provided above the spiral blade 6. The flange 25 is installed on the top of the rotating drum 5. The flange 25 is installed on the fixing pipe 22 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 4 by screws, so as to facilitate the loading and unloading of the rotating drum 5 and to care for the heating rod 7 inside the rotating drum 5.

[0027] In this embodiment, a protective cover 26 is provided on the side of the fixed shell 8 near the perforation 12. The protective cover 26 adopts an arc-shaped plate structure and is installed on the inner wall of the fixed shell 8. The inner cavity formed by the protective cover 26 and the fixed shell 8 is connected to the perforation 12. The bottom end of the protective cover 26 is located between the two first helical gears 9, so that the wire of the heating rod 7 passes through the inner cavity formed by the protective cover 26 and the fixed shell 8 and enters the perforation 12, so as to prevent the wire of the heating rod 7 from contacting the first helical gear 9 installed on the motor 3, thereby improving the stability of the present invention.

[0028] Please participate again. Figure 1 and 2 The bottom end of the tank body 1 is provided with a discharge pipe 27, which is an integral structure with the tank body 1. The inner cavity of the discharge pipe 27 is connected to the inner cavity of the tank body 1. A discharge valve 28 is provided below the discharge pipe 27. The inlet end of the discharge valve 28 is installed on the bottom end of the discharge pipe 27 to control the opening or closing of the discharge. The bottom of the spiral blade 6 and the bottom of the rotating shaft 4 are respectively located inside the discharge pipe 27 to stir the compost material in the discharge pipe 27, so as to make the compost material more uniformly stirred.

[0029] The debugging and usage methods for this product are as follows: Figures 1 to 6As shown, the product is first tested and operated. The feed inlet 19 is opened by rotating the baffle 20, allowing compost material to be added to the tank 1. Then, the baffle 20 is rotated in the opposite direction, bringing it into contact with the stop block 21, thus closing the feed inlet 19. Next, the motor 3 and heating rod 7 are turned on to heat and stir the compost material added to the tank 1. Simultaneously, the rotation of the shaft 4, drum 5, and agitator 15 is observed, and the temperature change in the tank 1 is monitored. After a period of time, the motor 3 and heating rod 7 are turned off, and the discharge valve 28 is opened to remove the converted humic fertilizer. Information about the composting process is obtained by testing the humic fertilizer. Based on this information, the temperature change in the tank 1, and the rotation of the shaft 4, drum 5, and agitator 15, the speed of the motor 3 and the heating power of the heating rod 7 are adjusted. After adjustment, compost material is added again through inlet 19, and motor 3 and heating rod 7 are restarted to obtain information on temperature changes inside tank 1 and the rotation of shaft 4, drum 5, and agitator 15. After composting is completed, samples are taken again for testing, and the speed of motor 3 and the heating power of heating rod 7 are adjusted again based on the composting information. This process is repeated multiple times to complete the product's debugging. After debugging, the product is deemed a qualified product for use. Conveying devices are installed on one side of inlet 19 and outlet valve 28 to facilitate the transport of compost material into tank 1 and the conversion of humic fertilizer, thus enabling continuous composting.

[0030] In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 4 adopts a hollow tubular structure to facilitate the placement of the heating rod 7 inside the rotating drum 5. The heating rod 7 heats the inner cavity of the rotating drum 5, and the heat generated by the heating rod 7 is transferred to the inner cavity of the tank body 1 through the rotating shaft 4, rotating drum 5, and spiral blades 6, resulting in more uniform heat distribution within the tank body 1 and improving the quality of the produced humic fertilizer. Furthermore, this embodiment uses two first helical gears 9 and a second helical gear 10 to transfer the kinetic energy of the motor 3 to the rotating shaft 4, thereby driving the rotating drum 5 and spiral blades 6 to rotate, thus mixing the compost material. Simultaneously, the through cavity formed between the two first helical gears 9 allows the heating rod 7's wires to pass through, preventing interference between the heating rod 7 and the mixing process, facilitating simultaneous heating and mixing, and improving the efficiency of the composting reaction.

[0031] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the patent claims of this utility model should be included within the scope of the patent application of this utility model.

Claims

1. A composting reactor, comprising a tank (1) with an open top, a tank cover (2) provided at the open end of the tank (1), a motor (3) provided on the tank cover (2), and a rotating shaft (4) provided on the motor (3), characterized in that: The rotating shaft (4) is located inside the tank (1). The rotating shaft (4) adopts a hollow tubular structure. A rotating cylinder (5) with an open top is provided below the rotating shaft (4). A spiral blade (6) is provided on the rotating cylinder (5). The top of the rotating cylinder (5) is connected to the bottom of the rotating shaft (4). A heating rod (7) is provided inside the rotating cylinder (5). A transmission mechanism is provided between the motor (3) and the rotating shaft (4). The transmission mechanism includes a hollow fixed shell (8), two first helical gears (9) arranged inside the fixed shell (8), a second helical gear (10) arranged between the two first helical gears (9), and a fixed rod (11) rotatably mounted inside the second helical gear (10). The fixed rod (11) is installed on the inner wall of the fixed shell (8). The upper and lower sides of the second helical gear (10) are respectively engaged with the two first helical gears (9). The two first helical gears (9) are respectively installed on the drive shaft and the rotating shaft (4) of the motor (3). The upper and lower ends of the fixed shell (8) are respectively installed on the motor (3) and the can cover (2). A through hole (12) is opened on the side of the fixed shell (8) away from the second helical gear (10). The rotating shaft (4) is rotatably installed on the can cover (2).

2. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating seat (13) is fitted on the rotating shaft (4). The rotating seat (13) is installed on the top of the rotating shaft (4). Support plates (14) are horizontally arranged on both sides of the rotating seat (13). One side of the support plate (14) is installed on the rotating seat (13), and a stirring shaft (15) is rotatably arranged on the other side of the support plate (14). The stirring shaft (15) is located inside the tank (1). An external gear (16) is provided at the top of the stirring shaft (15). An internal gear (17) is meshed on the external gear (16). The internal gear (17) is installed on the bottom surface of the tank cover (2). The center of the internal gear (17) is on the same axis as the center of the first helical gear (9) installed on the rotating shaft (4). A stirring blade (18) is provided below the support plate (14). The stirring blade (18) is spirally installed on the stirring shaft (15).

3. The composting reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The can lid (2) is provided with a feed inlet (19), which is located outside the internal gear (17) or the support plate (14). A baffle (20) is provided inside the feed inlet (19). The side of the baffle (20) near the motor (3) is hinged to the can lid (2) by a hinge. A stop block (21) is provided on the side of the baffle (20) near the motor (3). One side of the stop block (21) is installed on the bottom surface of the can lid (2), and the other side of the stop block (21) is in contact with the bottom surface of the baffle (20).

4. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the rotating drum (5) is connected to the inner cavity of the rotating shaft (4). Several fixed tubes (22) are fitted on the rotating shaft (4). Several fixed tubes (22) are installed at equal intervals on the rotating shaft (4). Support rods (23) are horizontally arranged on both sides of the fixed tubes (22). A stirring paddle (24) is arranged on the side of the support rod (23) away from the rotating shaft (4). The two ends of the support rod (23) are respectively arranged on the stirring paddle (24) and the fixed tube (22).

5. The composting reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flange (25) is provided above the spiral blade (6). The flange (25) is installed on the top of the rotating drum (5). The flange (25) is installed on the fixing pipe (22) provided at the bottom of the rotating shaft (4) by screws.

6. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed shell (8) is provided with a protective cover (26) on the side near the perforation (12). The protective cover (26) adopts an arc-shaped plate structure. The protective cover (26) is installed on the inner wall of the fixed shell (8). The inner cavity formed by the protective cover (26) and the fixed shell (8) is connected to the perforation (12). The bottom end of the protective cover (26) is located between the two first helical gears (9).

7. The composting reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the tank (1) is provided with a discharge pipe (27). The discharge pipe (27) and the tank (1) are an integral structure. The inner cavity of the discharge pipe (27) is connected to the inner cavity of the tank (1). A discharge valve (28) is provided below the discharge pipe (27). The inlet end of the discharge valve (28) is installed on the bottom end of the discharge pipe (27). The bottom of the spiral blade (6) and the bottom of the rotating shaft (4) are respectively located inside the discharge pipe (27).

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