Gear shifting speed reducer

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and discloses a gear shifting speed reducer which comprises a first connecting part and a fixing part, the fixing part is rotationally connected with a power shaft, a sliding sleeve is coaxially arranged on the power shaft in a sliding mode, an outer gear ring is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the end of the sliding sleeve, and a first inner gear ring is arranged on the side, close to the sliding sleeve, of the first connecting part. The fixing part is rotationally connected with a sun gear and a planet gear, a second inner gear ring is arranged in the center of the sun gear, the outer gear ring can be meshed with the first inner gear ring and the second inner gear ring when the sliding sleeve slides along the power shaft, a third inner gear ring is arranged at the position, close to the planet gear, of the first connecting part, and the planet gear is meshed with the third inner gear ring; a mounting cavity is formed in the fixing part, a piston is arranged in the mounting cavity, the piston moves in the mounting cavity in the axial direction of the power shaft, and one end of the piston extends to the outer side of the mounting cavity and is rotationally connected with the sliding sleeve. The two-gear transmission can be hydraulically driven to realize the two-gear transmission effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of speed reducer technology, and in particular to a shift speed reducer. Background Technology

[0002] A speed reducer is an independent component consisting of gear drives, worm drives, or gear-worm drives enclosed in a rigid housing. It is commonly used as a speed reduction transmission device between a prime mover and a driven machine. It plays a role in matching speeds and transmitting torque between the prime mover and the driven machine or actuator.

[0003] Existing machine tool spindle reducers have a single speed ratio, which limits the spindle speed during high-speed idle strokes, resulting in slow machining cycles and low work efficiency. Further increasing the motor speed leads to higher motor costs, excessive heat generation, and higher energy consumption. Therefore, a reducer is needed that can adapt to both high-speed and low-speed load requirements. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gear shifting reducer with two-speed shifting capability.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A gear shift reducer includes a first connecting part and a fixed part, which are rotatably connected. The fixed part is rotatably connected to a power shaft. A sliding sleeve is coaxially slidably disposed on the power shaft. An external gear ring is coaxially disposed on the outer side of the end of the sliding sleeve. A first internal gear ring is disposed on the side of the first connecting part near the sliding sleeve. The first internal gear ring is coaxially disposed with the power shaft. A sun gear and a planet gear are rotatably connected to the fixed part. The planet gear and the sun gear mesh. The sun gear is coaxially disposed with the power shaft. A through hole is coaxially disposed at the center of the sun gear. A second internal gear ring is disposed on the inner wall of the through hole. When the sliding sleeve slides along the power shaft, the external gear ring can mesh with the first internal gear ring and the second internal gear ring respectively. A third internal gear ring is disposed on the first connecting part near the planet gear. The planet gear meshes with the third internal gear ring.

[0007] The fixing part is provided with a mounting cavity, and a piston is provided in the mounting cavity. The piston moves axially along the power shaft in the mounting cavity. One end of the piston extends to the outside of the mounting cavity and is rotatably connected to a sliding sleeve. A limiting part is provided at the end of the piston located in the mounting cavity. The limiting part divides the mounting cavity into an independent first cavity and a second cavity along the power shaft. The fixing part is provided with a first channel and a second channel. The first channel is connected to the first cavity, and the second channel is connected to the second cavity. The first channel and the second channel are connected to a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is used to deliver hydraulic medium to one channel and receive hydraulic medium from the other channel.

[0008] As a further feature of this invention, the fixing part includes a second connecting part and a third connecting part fixedly connected together, the sun gear and planet gears are rotatably connected to the second connecting part, and the power shaft is rotatably connected to the third connecting part.

[0009] As a further feature of this invention, the second connecting part is provided with a first notch, and the third connecting part is provided with a second notch. The first notch and the second notch form an annular mounting cavity. The mounting cavity is provided with a mounting notch, and the piston extends to the outside of the mounting cavity through the mounting notch.

[0010] As a further feature of this utility model, the first connecting part includes an output gear ring part, a first sealing end cover and a second sealing end cover, the second inner gear ring is disposed inside the output gear ring part, and a locking element is provided between the output gear ring part and the first sealing end cover, and between the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover.

[0011] As a further feature of this invention, the locking element includes screws, and the output gear ring portion and the first sealing end cover, as well as the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover, are fixed together by screws.

[0012] As a further feature of this invention, the power shaft is rotatably connected to the first connecting part.

[0013] As a further feature of this utility model, a sealing element is provided on the ends of the first connecting part and the fixing part. The sealing element includes a third sealing end cap that is fixedly connected to the first connecting part. A skeleton oil seal is fixedly connected to the third sealing end cap, and one side of the skeleton oil seal is in close contact with the fixing part.

[0014] As a further feature of this invention, a sealing ring is provided on the limiting part, and the sealing ring is in close contact with the inner wall of the mounting cavity.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] This utility model provides a speed reducer that performs gear shifting via hydraulic drive. When the hydraulic system delivers hydraulic medium to the first channel, the piston moves in the mounting cavity, causing the sliding sleeve to move toward the direction of the first internal gear ring, and finally causing the external gear ring on the sliding sleeve to mesh with the first internal gear ring. At this time, when the power shaft rotates, it drives the sliding sleeve to rotate, and the sliding sleeve directly drives the first connecting part to rotate. The rotation speed of the first connecting part is the same as the rotation speed of the power shaft. This is the high-speed output state of the speed reducer.

[0017] When the hydraulic system delivers hydraulic medium to the second channel, the piston moves in the opposite direction in the mounting cavity, causing the sliding sleeve to move towards the side closer to the planetary gear mechanism, and the external gear ring on the sliding sleeve meshes with the sun gear. At this time, when the power shaft rotates, it drives the sliding sleeve to rotate, the sliding sleeve drives the sun gear to rotate, and the sun gear drives the planet gears to rotate. Since the planet gears are set on the second connecting part and cannot revolve around the sun gear, the planet gears drive the first connecting part to rotate. The high speed of the motor is converted into low-speed power output of the first connecting part through the action of the planetary gear mechanism. This is the low-speed output state of the reducer.

[0018] In addition, when the reducer is in low-speed output mode, the rotation direction of the power shaft, the sliding sleeve and the sun gear is the same, the rotation direction of the planet gear and the sun gear is opposite, and the rotation direction of the planet gear and the first connecting part is the same. Therefore, the rotation direction of the first connecting part is opposite to the rotation direction of the power shaft. When the reducer is in high-speed output mode, the rotation direction of the first connecting part and the power shaft is the same. When the reducer switches to low-speed output mode, in addition to reducing the speed, it also switches the rotation direction. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-speed gear structure in this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-speed gear structure in this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power shaft and sliding sleeve structure in this embodiment;

[0023] In the figure, 1 is the first connecting part, 101 is the output gear ring part, 102 is the first sealing end cover, 103 is the second sealing end cover, 104 is the third sealing end cover, 105 is the skeleton oil seal, 2 is the fixing part, 21 is the second connecting part, 22 is the third connecting part, 3 is the power shaft, 4 is the sliding sleeve, 5 is the external gear ring, 6 is the first internal gear ring, 7 is the sun gear, 8 is the planet gear, 9 is the second internal gear ring, 10 is the third internal gear ring, 11 is the mounting cavity, 12 is the piston, 13 is the limiting part, 14 is the first cavity, 15 is the second cavity, 16 is the first channel, and 17 is the second channel. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0025] A gear shifting reducer, reference Figures 1 to 3 The reducer includes a first connecting part 1 and a fixing part 2, which are rotatably connected. The fixing part 2 is a fastener for connecting the reducer to the outside and includes a second connecting part 21 and a third connecting part 22. The first connecting part 1 includes an output gear ring part 101, a first sealing end cover 102, and a second sealing end cover 103. In specific installation, the second connecting part 21 and the third connecting part 22 are fixedly connected. The output gear ring part 101 and the second connecting part 21 are connected by bearings so that the output gear ring part 101 can rotate freely. The first sealing end cover 102 is fixedly connected to the output gear ring part 101 by screws. The second sealing end cover and the first sealing end cover are fixedly connected by screws, thereby forming the outer shell and internal support of the entire reducer.

[0026] To ensure the sealing of the reducer, a third sealing end cover 104 is fixedly connected to the first connecting part 1. A skeleton oil seal 105 is fixedly connected to one end of the third sealing end cover 104. One side of the skeleton oil seal 105 is in close contact with the second connecting part 21, so that when the first connecting part 1 rotates, it can still maintain good sealing between the second connecting part 21.

[0027] Inside the reducer, the power shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the third connecting part 22. The power shaft 3 is connected to an external power device to provide power input to the reducer. In order to ensure the stability of the power shaft 3, the other end of the power shaft 3 is also rotatably connected to the first connecting part 1. Specifically, bearings are provided at the first sealing end cover 102 and the second sealing end cover 103, and the power shaft 3 is connected to the bearings.

[0028] A sliding sleeve 4 is coaxially slidably mounted on the power shaft 3. The sliding sleeve 4 can slide along the axial direction of the power shaft 3. An external gear ring 5 is coaxially mounted on the outer side of one end of the sliding sleeve 4. In addition, a first internal gear ring 6 is mounted on the side of the first connecting part 1 near the sliding sleeve 4. Specifically, a first through hole is provided at the center of the first sealing end cover 102, and the first internal gear ring 6 is located inside the first through hole. The first internal gear ring 6 is coaxially mounted with the power shaft 3, and the sliding sleeve 4 slides along the power shaft 3. (See reference) Figure 1 When the sliding sleeve 4 slides to the leftmost position, the outer gear ring 5 of the sliding sleeve 4 will mesh with the first inner gear ring 6. The meshing here is the complete meshing of the outer gear ring 5 and the inner gear ring, forming the structure of a gear coupling, so that the outer gear ring 5 and the first inner gear ring 6 can rotate synchronously.

[0029] The fixed part 2 is rotatably connected to the sun gear 7 and the planet gear 8. A second through hole is coaxially arranged in the center of the planet gear 8, and a bearing is installed in the second through hole. The planet gear 8 is rotatably connected to the second connecting part 21 through this bearing. Simultaneously, a third internal gear ring 10 is provided near the planet gear 8 in the output gear ring 101 of the first connecting part 1, and the external teeth of the planet gear 8 mesh with the third internal gear ring 10. The outer side of the sun gear 7 is fixed to the inner ring of a bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the second connecting part 21, allowing the sun gear 7 to be rotatably connected to the second connecting part 21. The sun gear 7 also has a third through hole coaxially arranged in its center. This third through hole serves as a clearance hole, preventing the sliding sleeve 4 from sliding along the power shaft 3. A second internal gear ring 9 is provided on the inner wall of the third through hole, and the second internal gear ring 9 is coaxially arranged with the power shaft 3. (See reference...) Figure 2 When the sliding sleeve 4 slides to the rightmost end, the outer gear ring 5 of the sliding sleeve 4 will mesh with the second inner gear ring 9. The meshing here is a complete meshing between the outer gear ring 5 and the inner gear ring, forming the structure of a gear coupling, so that the outer gear ring 5 and the second inner gear ring 9 can rotate synchronously.

[0030] The sliding sleeve 4 is connected to the piston 12. The movement of the piston 12 drives the sliding sleeve 4 to move along the axial direction of the power shaft 3, thereby causing the outer gear ring 5 to mesh with the first internal gear ring 6 and the second internal gear ring 9 respectively.

[0031] Specifically, a first notch is provided on the second connecting part 21, and a second notch is provided on the third connecting part 22. When the second connecting part 21 and the third connecting part 22 are fixed together, the first notch and the second notch combine to form an annular mounting cavity 11 extending axially along the power shaft 3. One end of the piston 12 is disposed in the mounting cavity 11, which has a mounting notch. The other end of the piston 12 extends from the mounting notch to the outside of the mounting cavity 11 and is rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve 4. To ensure the sealing of the mounting cavity 11, the piston 12 seals the mounting notch. When the cavity is filled with hydraulic medium, it will not flow out from the mounting notch; the piston 12 is provided with a limiting part 13 at its end in the mounting cavity 11. The limiting part 13 divides the mounting cavity 11 into an independent first cavity and a second cavity along the power shaft 3 axially. The fixing part 2 is provided with a first channel 14 and a second channel 15. The first channel 14 is connected to the first cavity, and the second channel 15 is connected to the second cavity. The first channel 14 and the second channel 15 are connected to a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is used to deliver hydraulic medium to one of the channels and receive hydraulic medium from the other channel. In this embodiment, the hydraulic medium is hydraulic oil.

[0032] In another embodiment, the hydraulic medium can be other existing media that can be conventionally used by those skilled in the art. As for the hydraulic system, it is also a conventional system in the art that can achieve the technical effects of this embodiment.

[0033] To ensure the independence of the first and second cavities and prevent hydraulic medium from flowing across, a sealing ring is provided on the limiting part 13, and the sealing ring is in close contact with the inner wall of the mounting cavity 11.

[0034] When the hydraulic system delivers hydraulic medium to the first channel 14, the piston 12 moves in the mounting cavity 11, causing the sliding sleeve 4 to move toward the direction close to the first internal gear ring 6, and finally causing the external gear ring 5 on the sliding sleeve 4 to mesh with the first internal gear ring 6. At this time, when the power shaft 3 rotates, it drives the sliding sleeve 4 to rotate, and the sliding sleeve 4 directly drives the first connecting part 1 to rotate. The rotation speed of the first connecting part 1 is the same as the rotation speed of the power shaft 3. This is the high-speed output state of the reducer.

[0035] When the hydraulic system supplies hydraulic medium to the second channel 15, the piston 12 moves in the opposite direction in the mounting cavity 11, causing the sliding sleeve 4 to move toward the side closer to the planetary gear mechanism, and causing the external gear ring 5 on the sliding sleeve 4 to mesh with the sun gear 7. At this time, when the power shaft 3 rotates, it drives the sliding sleeve 4 to rotate, the sliding sleeve 4 drives the sun gear 7 to rotate, and the sun gear 7 drives the planet gear 8 to rotate. Since the planet gear 8 is set on the second connecting part 21 and cannot revolve around the sun gear 7, the planet gear 8 drives the first connecting part 1 to rotate. The high speed of the motor is converted into low speed power output of the first connecting part 1 through the action of the planetary gear mechanism. This is the low speed output state of the reducer.

[0036] In addition, when the reducer is in low-speed output mode, the rotation directions of the power shaft 3, the sliding sleeve 4 and the sun gear 7 are the same, the rotation directions of the planet gear 8 and the sun gear 7 are opposite, and the rotation direction of the planet gear 8 is the same as that of the first connecting part 1. Therefore, the rotation direction of the first connecting part 1 is opposite to that of the power shaft 3. When the reducer is in high-speed output mode, the rotation directions of the first connecting part 1 and the power shaft 3 are the same. When the reducer switches to low-speed output mode, in addition to reducing the speed, it also switches the rotation direction.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A gear shifting reducer, characterized in that: It includes a first connecting part (1) and a fixing part (2), which are rotatably connected. The fixing part (2) is rotatably connected to a power shaft (3). A sliding sleeve (4) is coaxially slidably disposed on the power shaft (3). An external gear ring (5) is coaxially disposed on the outer side of the end of the sliding sleeve (4). A first internal gear ring (6) is disposed on the side of the first connecting part (1) near the sliding sleeve (4). The first internal gear ring (6) is coaxially disposed with the power shaft (3). The fixing part (2) is rotatably connected to a sun gear (7) and a drive gear (8). The planetary gear (8) meshes with the sun gear (7). The sun gear (7) is coaxially arranged with the power shaft (3). The sun gear (7) has a through hole coaxially arranged in the center. The inner wall of the through hole is provided with a second internal gear ring (9). When the sliding sleeve (4) slides along the power shaft (3), the outer gear ring (5) can mesh with the first internal gear ring (6) and the second internal gear ring (9) respectively. The first connecting part (1) is provided with a third internal gear ring (10) near the planetary gear (8). The planetary gear (8) meshes with the third internal gear ring (10). The fixing part (2) is provided with an installation cavity (11), and a piston (12) is provided in the installation cavity (11). The piston (12) moves axially along the power shaft (3) in the installation cavity (11). One end of the piston (12) extends to the outside of the installation cavity (11) and is rotatably connected to the sliding sleeve (4). The end of the piston (12) located in the installation cavity (11) is provided with a limiting part (13). The limiting part (13) divides the installation cavity (11) axially along the power shaft (3) into an independent first cavity and a second cavity. The fixing part (2) is provided with a first channel (14) and a second channel (15). The first channel (14) is connected to the first cavity, and the second channel (15) is connected to the second cavity. The first channel (14) and the second channel (15) are connected to a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is used to deliver hydraulic medium to one of the channels and receive hydraulic medium from the other channel.

2. The gear shifting reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed part (2) includes a second connecting part (21) and a third connecting part (22) fixedly connected together. The sun gear (7) and the planet gear (8) are rotatably connected to the second connecting part (21), and the power shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the third connecting part (22).

3. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second connecting part (21) is provided with a first notch, and the third connecting part (22) is provided with a second notch. The first notch and the second notch form an annular mounting cavity (11). The mounting cavity (11) is provided with a mounting notch, and the piston (12) extends to the outside of the mounting cavity (11) through the mounting notch.

4. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting part (1) includes an output gear ring part (101), a first sealing end cover (102) and a second sealing end cover (103). The second inner gear ring (9) is disposed inside the output gear ring part (101). A locking member is provided between the output gear ring part (101) and the first sealing end cover (102), and between the first sealing end cover (102) and the second sealing end cover (103).

5. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking element includes screws, which are used to fix the output gear ring portion (101) and the first sealing end cap (102), and the first sealing end cap (102) and the second sealing end cap (103).

6. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the first connecting part (1).

7. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing element is provided on the end of the first connecting part (1) and the fixing part (2). The sealing element includes a third sealing end cap (104) fixedly connected to the first connecting part (1). The third sealing end cap (104) is fixedly connected to a skeleton oil seal (105). One side of the skeleton oil seal (105) is in close contact with the fixing part (2).

8. A gear shifting reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is provided on the limiting part (13), and the sealing ring is in close contact with the inner wall of the mounting cavity (11).

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