Power supply protection circuit and power supply equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power supply protection circuit and power supply equipment, and relates to the technical field of power electronic circuits, and the power supply protection circuit comprises a power supply loop, a detection module and a protection module; the power supply loop is respectively connected with the detection module and the protection module; the power supply loop is used for converting a main power supply voltage into a power supply voltage and transmitting the power supply voltage to electric equipment; the detection module is used for detecting the working state of the power supply loop, generating a detection signal based on the working state and transmitting the detection signal to the protection module; and the protection module outputs a cut-off signal to the power supply loop to enable the power supply loop to stop supplying power when the detection signal does not meet the preset condition. The protection module carries out judgment according to a preset safety condition and the received detection signal, and if it is confirmed that potential safety hazards exist, power supply is cut off by controlling a switching element in a power supply loop, so that the safety of electric equipment and the whole power supply system is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronic circuit technology, and in particular to power supply protection circuits and power supply equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The overcurrent protection (OCP) and overvoltage protection (OVP) mechanisms inherent in converters or load switches are generally sufficient to handle most system power-up anomalies, protecting the system from damage. However, it is worth noting that many spontaneous combustion incidents often originate from the burnout of the converter or load switch itself. This indicates that despite protective mechanisms, these components can still fail and cause safety issues under certain extreme or specific conditions. When the power management integrated circuit (power IC) burns out, in most cases, accompanied by smoke, the power IC's terminals disconnect, thus breaking the circuit. Although voltage is still supplied at this point, because the circuit has been broken, no current continues to flow, and spontaneous combustion does not occur.

[0003] However, in rare cases, a burnt-out power IC can be severe enough to burn through surrounding copper foil, solder joints, or components, causing the power supply voltage to make direct contact with the ground (GND) plane. This direct contact dramatically increases the current, continuously generating a large amount of heat, enough to ignite flammable materials around the motherboard, such as the PCB (printed circuit board), Mylar (insulating material), and sound insulation cotton, potentially causing the computer to spontaneously combust. If this spontaneous combustion is not detected and addressed promptly, it can lead to serious fires and other irreversible damage.

[0004] Therefore, despite the existence of protection mechanisms, it is still necessary to pay close attention to the security and reliability of key components such as the converter, load switch, and power IC, and strengthen monitoring and maintenance to prevent potential security risks. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide a power supply protection circuit and power supply equipment, which aims to solve the technical problem of spontaneous combustion caused by abnormalities in the power supply circuit.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a power supply protection circuit, comprising: a power supply circuit, a detection module, and a protection module; the power supply circuit is connected to the detection module and the protection module respectively; the power supply circuit is used to convert the main power supply voltage into a power supply voltage and transmit the power supply voltage to the electrical device; the detection module is used to detect the operating state of the power supply circuit, generate a detection signal based on the operating state, and transmit it to the protection module; the protection module outputs a cutoff signal to the power supply circuit to stop the power supply circuit from supplying power when the detection signal does not meet a preset condition.

[0007] In one embodiment, the power supply circuit includes: a power module, a control module, a first voltage conversion module, and a second voltage conversion module; the power module is connected to the control module; the control module is connected to both the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module; both the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are connected to a power supply device; the power module and the control module are used to output a main power supply voltage; the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are used to convert the main power supply voltage into a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage, respectively.

[0008] In one embodiment, the detection module includes: a main circuit detection unit, a first branch circuit detection unit, and a second branch circuit detection unit; the main circuit detection unit is connected to the control module and the protection module respectively; the first branch circuit detection unit is connected to the first voltage conversion module and the protection module respectively; the second branch circuit detection unit is connected to the second voltage conversion module and the protection module respectively; the first branch circuit detection unit, the second branch circuit detection unit, and the main circuit detection unit are respectively used to detect the operating status of the first voltage conversion module, the second voltage conversion module, and the control module and generate a first detection signal, a second detection signal, and a third detection signal, which are transmitted to the protection module; the protection module is further used to output the cutoff signal to the power supply circuit when the first detection signal, the second detection signal, and the third detection signal all fail to meet a preset condition.

[0009] In one embodiment, the main circuit detection unit, the first branch circuit detection unit, and the second branch circuit detection unit each include: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, an operational amplifier, and a first MOSFET; the first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first end of the fifth resistor and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded; the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET and the first end of the seventh resistor, and the second end of the seventh resistor is grounded; the first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the ninth resistor, the protection module, and the drain of the first MOSFET, the second end of the ninth resistor is grounded, and the source of the first MOSFET is grounded.

[0010] In one embodiment, the protection module includes: a second MOSFET, a third MOSFET, a fourth MOSFET, a silicon controlled rectifier diode (SCR), a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, and a thirteenth resistor; the first terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second terminal of the tenth resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the SCR, the source of the second MOSFET, and the first terminal of the eleventh resistor, and the second terminal of the eleventh resistor is grounded; the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to the source of the third MOSFET, the drain of the third MOSFET is connected to the source of the fourth MOSFET, and the drain of the fourth MOSFET is grounded; the gates of the second MOSFET, the third MOSFET, and the fourth MOSFET are respectively connected to the main circuit detection unit, the first branch circuit detection unit, and the second branch circuit detection unit; the first terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second terminal of the twelfth resistor is connected to the power module, the anode of the SCR, and the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor, the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is grounded, and the cathode of the SCR is grounded.

[0011] In one embodiment, the power supply protection circuit further includes: an indicator module; the indicator module is connected to the protection module and is used to receive and indicate the cutoff signal.

[0012] In one embodiment, the indicating module includes: a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, an indicator light, and a fifth MOSFET; the first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the first end of the indicator light, the second end of the indicator light is connected to the source of the fifth MOSFET, the gate of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the protection module, the source of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the first end of the fifteenth resistor, and the second end of the fifteenth resistor is grounded.

[0013] This application also proposes a power supply device that uses the power supply protection circuit described above.

[0014] One or more technical solutions proposed in this application have at least the following technical effects:

[0015] The power supply circuit is responsible for converting the main power supply voltage into the supply voltage and transmitting it to the electrical equipment, while the detection module is responsible for monitoring the key parameters of this process in real time. If an abnormality is detected, the detection module will immediately generate a detection signal and transmit it to the protection module. The protection module judges based on preset safety conditions and the received detection signal. If a safety hazard is confirmed, it will cut off the power supply by controlling the switching elements in the power supply circuit to protect the electrical equipment and the entire power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A structural block diagram provided for an embodiment of the power supply protection circuit of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of an embodiment of the power supply protection circuit provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the detection unit provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of the protection module provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of an indicator module provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0024] label illustrate label illustrate 10 Power supply circuit T1 Silicon thyristor diode 20 Detection module Q1 to Q5 First to fifth MOSFETs 30 Protection module VCC working power supply 40 Indicator Module Lamp1 indicator lights R1 to R15 Resistors 1 to 15

[0025] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0027] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0028] The overcurrent protection (OCP) and overvoltage protection (OVP) mechanisms inherent in converters or load switches are generally sufficient to handle most system power-up anomalies, protecting the system from damage. However, it is worth noting that many spontaneous combustion incidents often originate from the burnout of the converter or load switch itself. This indicates that despite protective mechanisms, these components can still fail and cause safety issues under certain extreme or specific conditions. When the power management integrated circuit (power IC) burns out, in most cases, accompanied by smoke, the power IC's terminals disconnect, thus breaking the circuit. Although voltage is still supplied at this point, because the circuit has been broken, no current continues to flow, and spontaneous combustion does not occur.

[0029] However, in rare cases, a burnt-out power IC can be severe enough to burn through surrounding copper foil, solder joints, or components, causing the power supply voltage to make direct contact with the ground (GND) plane. This direct contact dramatically increases the current, continuously generating a large amount of heat, enough to ignite flammable materials around the motherboard, such as the PCB (printed circuit board), Mylar (insulating material), and sound insulation cotton, potentially causing the computer to spontaneously combust. If this spontaneous combustion is not detected and addressed promptly, it can lead to serious fires and other irreversible damage.

[0030] Therefore, despite the existence of protection mechanisms, it is still necessary to pay close attention to the security and reliability of key components such as the converter, load switch, and power IC, and strengthen monitoring and maintenance to prevent potential security risks.

[0031] Based on this, this application proposes a power supply protection circuit, please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram provided for an embodiment of the power supply protection circuit of this application.

[0032] In this embodiment, the power supply protection circuit includes a power supply circuit 10, a detection module 20, and a protection module 30. It should be noted that the power supply circuit 10 is connected to both the detection module 20 and the protection module 30.

[0033] It should be noted that the power supply circuit 10 is used to convert the main power supply voltage into a power supply voltage and transmit the power supply voltage to the electrical equipment.

[0034] Understandably, power supply circuit 10 is one of the core components in the power supply protection circuit. Its main function is to convert the main power supply voltage into a suitable power supply voltage for the electrical equipment and to transmit this power supply voltage stably and safely to the electrical equipment. This conversion process ensures that the electrical equipment can operate normally within its rated voltage range, avoiding equipment damage or performance degradation caused by voltage mismatch.

[0035] Understandably, the power supply circuit 10 typically contains voltage conversion circuits, such as transformers, rectifiers, filters, and voltage regulators. These components work together to convert the main power supply voltage (such as AC 220V or DC high voltage) into the power supply voltage required by the electrical equipment, such as DC 5V or 3.3V.

[0036] It should be noted that the detection module 20 is used to detect the working status of the power supply circuit, generate a detection signal based on the working status, and transmit it to the protection module 30.

[0037] Understandably, the detection module 20 monitors key parameters in the power supply circuit in real time, such as voltage, current, frequency, and temperature, through a series of sensors or measurement circuits. These parameters reflect the current operating status and performance of the power supply circuit.

[0038] Understandably, based on the real-time monitored data, the detection module 20 will perform calculations and analysis to determine whether the power supply circuit is in normal working condition. If abnormal conditions are detected, such as excessive voltage, excessive current, or frequency fluctuations, the detection module 20 will generate corresponding detection signals. These signals can be digital signals, analog signals, or pulse signals, depending on the system design and requirements.

[0039] Understandably, the generated detection signal is then transmitted to the protection module 30. This is typically achieved through electrical connections such as wires or copper traces on a circuit board. During transmission, the detection module 20 needs to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the signal to avoid misjudgments due to signal distortion or loss.

[0040] It should be noted that when the detection signal does not meet the preset conditions, the protection module 30 outputs a cutoff signal to the power supply circuit to stop the power supply circuit from supplying power.

[0041] Understandably, the protection module 30 receives detection signals from the detection module 20 via an electrical connection. These signals may contain real-time data of key parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency, as well as indications of any abnormal conditions.

[0042] Understandably, the protection module 30 contains preset safety conditions or thresholds, which are typically determined based on factors such as the rated voltage, current limits, and temperature limits of the electrical equipment. The protection module 30 compares the received detection signals with these preset conditions to determine whether the power supply circuit is in normal operating condition.

[0043] Understandably, if the detection signal indicates that the operating state of the power supply circuit does not meet preset conditions, such as excessive voltage, excessive current, or excessive temperature, the protection module 30 will immediately output a cutoff signal. This signal is usually a low-level or high-level signal used to control the switching elements in the power supply circuit, such as relays and transistors, to disconnect, thereby cutting off the power supply.

[0044] In this embodiment, the detection module 20 works closely with the power supply circuit 10 and the protection module 30 to form a complete power supply protection system. The power supply circuit 10 is responsible for converting the main power supply voltage into the supply voltage and transmitting it to the electrical equipment, while the detection module 20 is responsible for monitoring the key parameters of this process in real time. If an abnormality is detected, the detection module 20 will immediately generate a detection signal and transmit it to the protection module 30. The protection module 30 makes a judgment based on preset safety conditions and the received detection signal. If a safety hazard is confirmed, it will cut off the power supply by controlling the switching element in the power supply circuit 10 to protect the electrical equipment and the safety of the entire power supply system.

[0045] Further, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This application provides a structural block diagram of the implementation of the power supply protection circuit embodiment, and provides specific implementation details of the above embodiment.

[0046] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit 10 includes: a power supply module, a control module, a first voltage conversion module, and a second voltage conversion module.

[0047] The power module is connected to the control module; the control module is connected to the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module respectively; the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are both connected to the power supply equipment; the power module and the control module are used to output the main power supply voltage; the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are used to convert the main power supply voltage into a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage respectively.

[0048] Understandably, the power module is the starting point of power supply circuit 10, responsible for providing the main power supply voltage. This voltage is typically the unconverted raw voltage, such as AC 220V or DC high voltage. The power module is connected to the control module, outputting the main power supply voltage to the control module. Simultaneously, the power module can also directly provide power to other modules or components.

[0049] Understandably, the control module is the "brain" of the power supply circuit 10, responsible for receiving the main power supply voltage from the power supply module and controlling the operation of the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module as needed. It also contains some protection logic to take measures when an anomaly is detected.

[0050] Understandably, the first voltage conversion module is responsible for converting the main power supply voltage into the first supply voltage. This voltage is usually set according to the needs of specific electrical equipment, such as DC 5V, 12V, etc.

[0051] Understandably, the second voltage conversion module functions similarly to the first voltage conversion module, but it provides a second power supply voltage for another device or group of devices. This voltage may differ from the first power supply voltage to meet the needs of different devices.

[0052] In addition, the detection module 20 includes: a trunk line detection unit, a first branch line detection unit, and a second branch line detection unit.

[0053] It should be noted that the main circuit detection unit is connected to both the control module and the protection module; the first branch circuit detection unit is connected to both the first voltage conversion module and the protection module; and the second branch circuit detection unit is connected to both the second voltage conversion module and the protection module.

[0054] It is understood that the first branch detection unit, the second branch detection unit, and the main branch detection unit are respectively used to detect the working status of the first voltage conversion module, the second voltage conversion module, and the control module, and generate a first detection signal, a second detection signal, and a third detection signal to be transmitted to the protection module.

[0055] It is understood that the first detection signal, the second detection signal, and the third detection signal can characterize the working status of the control module, the first voltage conversion module, and the second voltage conversion module. The specific choice between voltage and current signals can be determined based on the equipment selection.

[0056] It is understood that the protection module 30 is also used to output a cutoff signal to the power supply circuit 10 when none of the first detection signal, the second detection signal, and the third detection signal meet the preset conditions. That is, when an abnormality occurs at any detection point, the power supply circuit 10 needs to be shut down.

[0057] The power supply protection circuit further includes an indicator module 40; the indicator module 40 is connected to the protection module 30 and is used to receive and indicate the cut-off signal.

[0058] Understandably, the indicator module 40 is electrically connected to the protection module 30 and can receive the cut-off signal from the protection module 30 in real time. This signal is issued by the protection module 30 to cut off the power supply after detecting an abnormality in the power supply circuit.

[0059] Understandably, once a cutoff signal is received, the indicator module 40 will immediately activate the indicator function, clearly indicating to the user or operator that the power supply circuit is in a cutoff state through means such as lights (e.g., red LEDs), sounds (e.g., buzzers), or digital displays (e.g., LCD screens).

[0060] Understandably, in addition to indicating the cutoff status, the indicator module 40 can also provide additional fault-related information, such as fault type and fault location. This information can be conveyed through digital displays or coded light / sound signals to help users or operators locate and resolve problems more quickly.

[0061] In this embodiment, comprehensive and detailed monitoring of the power supply circuit 10 is achieved by detecting three key locations: the main circuit (control module), the first branch circuit (first voltage conversion module), and the second branch circuit (second voltage conversion module). This detection strategy not only improves the safety of the power supply system but also ensures the stability and reliability of the power supply. The presence of the indicator module 40 makes the state of the power supply circuit more transparent and controllable. Users or operators can understand the operating status of the circuit in real time, thereby avoiding misoperation when the circuit is in a dangerous state, further improving the safety of the circuit.

[0062] Specifically, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A circuit diagram of the detection unit provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0063] This embodiment provides the circuit selection for the main circuit detection unit, the first branch circuit detection unit, and the second branch circuit detection unit. The circuits of the three are the same, and each includes: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, an operational amplifier, and a first MOS transistor Q1.

[0064] It should be noted that the first and second terminals of the first resistor R1 can serve as input nodes. This input node may be connected to critical points in the power supply circuit, such as the main circuit (control module), the first branch (first voltage conversion module), and the second branch (second voltage conversion module). When the circuit of the above circuit malfunctions, the first resistor R1 will generate a large voltage drop.

[0065] It should be noted that the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R2, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the first end of the third resistor R3 and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier.

[0066] It should be noted that the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the first end of the fifth resistor R5 and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded.

[0067] Understandably, the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output of the operational amplifier, forming a negative feedback loop. This negative feedback helps stabilize the output of the operational amplifier.

[0068] It should be noted that the output terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6, the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 and the first terminal of the seventh resistor R7, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded; the first terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the operating power supply, the second terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the first terminal of the ninth resistor R9, the protection module and the drain of the first MOSFET Q1, the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded, and the source of the first MOSFET Q1 is grounded.

[0069] Understandably, the output of the operational amplifier not only outputs the amplified signal but is also connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor R6. Here, the sixth resistor R6 serves to limit current and protect the gate. The second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded, providing a stable reference potential for the gate of the first MOSFET Q1. When the output of the operational amplifier changes, the gate potential of the first MOSFET Q1 changes accordingly due to the voltage division effect of the sixth and seventh resistors R6 and R7.

[0070] Understandably, the first terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the operating power supply (which we call Vcc or Vdd, representing the positive power supply voltage). This operating power supply provides the required DC voltage for the entire circuit. The eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 serve to limit current and provide protection, preventing excessive current from damaging the circuit. At the same time, the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 work together to divide the voltage, providing a stable turn-on voltage for the gate of the MOSFET in the protection module 30 during normal operation.

[0071] Understandably, when the voltage difference between input nodes INA and INB (i.e., the voltage drop across the first resistor R1) exceeds a certain threshold, which can be obtained through calibration, the operational amplifier's output will change significantly. This change is transmitted to the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 through the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7, thereby controlling the MOSFET's on or off state. It is typically set to turn on when the threshold is exceeded, at which point the output terminal OUT is directly grounded, changing from a high-level output signal to a low-level output signal.

[0072] Specifically, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 A circuit diagram of the protection module provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0073] This embodiment provides the circuit selection for the protection module, which includes: a second MOSFET Q2, a third MOSFET Q3, a fourth MOSFET Q4, a thyristor diode T1, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, and a thirteenth resistor R14.

[0074] It should be noted that the first end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the working power supply, the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the controlled terminal of the thyristor diode T1, the source of the second MOS transistor Q2 and the first end of the eleventh resistor R11, and the second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is grounded.

[0075] It should be noted that the drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the source of the third MOSFET Q3, the drain of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the source of the fourth MOSFET Q4, and the drain of the fourth MOSFET Q4 is grounded; the gates of the second MOSFET Q2, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fourth MOSFET Q4 are respectively connected to the main circuit detection unit, the first branch detection unit, and the second branch detection unit.

[0076] It should be noted that the first end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the working power supply, the second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the power module, the anode of the thyristor diode T1 and the first end of the thirteenth resistor R13, the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is grounded, and the cathode of the thyristor diode T1 is grounded.

[0077] Understandably, the second MOSFET Q2, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fourth MOSFET Q4 are connected in series with their source and drain connected. The drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the power supply, and the source of the fourth MOSFET Q4 is grounded, thus forming a current path from the power supply to ground. However, whether this path is conductive depends on the gate voltage of each MOSFET.

[0078] Understandably, the gates of the second MOSFET Q2, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fourth MOSFET Q4 are connected to the outputs of the main circuit detection unit, the first branch detection unit, and the second branch detection unit, respectively. When any detection unit detects an abnormality (such as overvoltage or overcurrent) and receives a low-level output signal, it will control the gate of the corresponding MOSFET, thereby turning off the MOSFET and cutting off the current path.

[0079] Understandably, the anode of the thyristor diode T1 is connected to the power supply through the twelfth resistor R12, while the cathode is grounded. The controlled terminal is connected to the drain of Q2, the tenth resistor R10, and the eleventh resistor R11. This configuration allows the controlled terminal of the thyristor diode T1 to go high under specific conditions—that is, when any of the second MOSFET Q2, the third MOSFET Q3, or the fourth MOSFET Q4 is turned off—and be triggered to conduct, providing an additional discharge path for the current. At this time, the anode of the thyristor diode T1, as the output terminal, will output a low-level signal, which is the cutoff signal.

[0080] It should be noted that the SCR diode T1 is chosen here because the SCR is not conducting when its controlled terminal is low, and it conducts when the controlled terminal goes high. Even if the controlled terminal goes low again after conduction, the SCR diode T1 will not turn off and will continue to conduct. It will only turn off when all uncontrolled terminals are switched off.

[0081] Understandably, the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 are connected in series between the drain of the second MOSFET Q2 and ground, providing a voltage divider circuit for the controlled terminal of the SCR diode T1, while also limiting the current. The twelfth resistor R12 and the thirteenth resistor R13 are connected in series between the anode of the SCR diode T1 and ground, providing a voltage divider circuit for the anode of the SCR diode T1, while also limiting the current.

[0082] Under normal circuit operation, the outputs of each detection unit will not trigger the MOSFETs to turn off. Therefore, the second MOSFET Q2, the third MOSFET Q3, and the fourth MOSFET Q4 are all in the on state, and current can flow from the power supply through these three MOSFETs to ground. At the same time, since the controlled terminal voltage of the SCR diode T1 has not reached the trigger threshold, the SCR diode T1 remains in the off state.

[0083] Understandably, when any detection unit detects an anomaly and outputs a control signal, the gate voltage of the corresponding MOSFET will change, causing the MOSFET to turn off. For example, if the main circuit detection unit detects an anomaly, the second MOSFET Q2 will turn off, cutting off the current path. At this time, if the source voltage of the second MOSFET Q2 rises to a threshold sufficient to trigger the thyristor diode T1, the thyristor diode T1 will be turned on, providing an additional discharge path to ground for the current and outputting a low level to the power supply circuit.

[0084] Specifically, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A circuit diagram of an indicator module provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0085] This embodiment provides the circuit selection for the indicator module, which includes: a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, an indicator light Lamp1, and a fifth MOSFET Q5.

[0086] It should be noted that the first end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the working power supply, the second end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the first end of the indicator lamp1, the second end of the indicator lamp1 is connected to the source of the fifth MOSFET Q5, the gate of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the protection module, the drain of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the first end of the fifteenth resistor R15, and the second end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is grounded.

[0087] Understandably, the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected in series between the power supply and the indicator light Lamp1 to limit current and prevent excessive current from damaging the indicator light or causing malfunction. The fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the source of the fifth MOSFET Q5 and grounded, providing a stable reference potential for the gate of MOSFET Q5, and also helps to discharge gate charge when the MOSFET is turned off.

[0088] Understandably, indicator light Lamp1 is connected between the fourteenth resistor R14 and the drain of the fifth MOSFET Q5 to indicate the circuit's operating status or abnormal conditions. The indicator light will illuminate when MOSFET Q5 is turned on and will turn off when MOSFET Q5 is turned off.

[0089] Understandably, the fifth MOSFET Q5 acts as a switching element, with its gate connected to the protection module. When the protection module 30 detects a circuit abnormality and outputs a cutoff signal, this signal controls the gate voltage of the fifth MOSFET Q5, thus determining whether the fifth MOSFET Q5 is turned on. When the fifth MOSFET Q5 is turned on, current flows through the fourteenth resistor R14, the indicator light Lamp1, and the fifth MOSFET Q5 to ground, and the indicator light illuminates. When the fifth MOSFET Q5 is turned off, the current path is cut off, and the indicator light Lamp1 goes out.

[0090] Under normal circuit operation, the protection module 30 does not output an abnormal signal, and the gate voltage of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is at a low level (or a high level, depending on the type of MOSFET and the control logic), meaning Q5 is in the conducting state. At this time, current flows to ground through the fourteenth resistor R14, the indicator light Lamp1, and the fifth MOSFET Q5, causing the indicator light to illuminate, indicating that the circuit is in normal operation.

[0091] Understandably, when a circuit malfunctions (such as overvoltage or overcurrent), the protection module 30 will detect this malfunction and output a cutoff signal. This signal will change the gate voltage of the fifth MOSFET Q5, causing Q5 to turn off. At this time, the current path is cut off, the indicator light goes out, indicating that the circuit is in an abnormal state.

[0092] This application also provides a power supply device that employs the power supply protection circuit in the above embodiments, which can solve the technical problem of spontaneous combustion caused by abnormalities in the power supply circuit. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the power supply device provided in this application are the same as those of the power supply protection circuit provided in the above embodiments, and other technical features in the power supply device are the same as those disclosed in the methods of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A power supply protection circuit, characterized in that, The power supply protection circuit includes: a power supply circuit, a detection module, and a protection module; The power supply circuit is connected to the detection module and the protection module respectively; The power supply circuit is used to convert the main power supply voltage into a power supply voltage and transmit the power supply voltage to the electrical equipment. The detection module is used to detect the operating status of the power supply circuit, generate a detection signal based on the operating status, and transmit it to the protection module. When the detection signal does not meet the preset conditions, the protection module outputs a cutoff signal to the power supply circuit to stop the power supply circuit from supplying power. The power supply circuit includes: a power module, a control module, a first voltage conversion module, and a second voltage conversion module; The power module is connected to the control module; The control module is connected to the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module respectively; Both the first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are connected to the power supply equipment; The power module and the control module are used to output the main power supply voltage; The first voltage conversion module and the second voltage conversion module are respectively used to convert the main power supply voltage into a first supply voltage and a second supply voltage.

2. The power supply protection circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module includes: a trunk line detection unit, a first branch line detection unit, and a second branch line detection unit; The trunk detection unit is connected to the control module and the protection module, respectively. The first branch detection unit is connected to the first voltage conversion module and the protection module, respectively; The second branch detection unit is connected to the second voltage conversion module and the protection module, respectively; The first branch detection unit, the second branch detection unit, and the main branch detection unit are respectively used to detect the working status of the first voltage conversion module, the second voltage conversion module, and the control module, and generate a first detection signal, a second detection signal, and a third detection signal to be transmitted to the protection module; The protection module is further configured to output the cutoff signal to the power supply circuit when the first detection signal, the second detection signal, and the third detection signal all fail to meet the preset conditions.

3. The power supply protection circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The trunk detection unit, the first branch detection unit, and the second branch detection unit each include: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, an operational amplifier, and a first MOSFET; The first end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first end of the fifth resistor and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of the fifth resistor is grounded. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor, the second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor and the first terminal of the seventh resistor, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor is grounded. The first end of the eighth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second end of the eighth resistor is connected to the first end of the ninth resistor, the protection module and the drain of the first MOS transistor, the second end of the ninth resistor is grounded, and the source of the first MOS transistor is grounded.

4. The power supply protection circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The protection module includes: a second MOSFET, a third MOSFET, a fourth MOSFET, a silicon controlled rectifier diode, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, and a thirteenth resistor; The first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the controlled terminal of the thyristor diode, the source of the second MOS transistor and the first end of the eleventh resistor, and the second end of the eleventh resistor is grounded. The drain of the second MOS transistor is connected to the source of the third MOS transistor, the drain of the third MOS transistor is connected to the source of the fourth MOS transistor, and the drain of the fourth MOS transistor is grounded. The gates of the second MOS transistor, the third MOS transistor, and the fourth MOS transistor are respectively connected to the main circuit detection unit, the first branch circuit detection unit, and the second branch circuit detection unit; The first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the operating power supply, the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the power module, the anode of the thyristor diode and the first end of the thirteenth resistor, the second end of the thirteenth resistor is grounded, and the cathode of the thyristor diode is grounded.

5. The power supply protection circuit as described in any one of claims 4, characterized in that, The power supply protection circuit further includes: an indicator module; the indicator module is connected to the protection module and is used to receive and indicate the cut-off signal.

6. The power supply protection circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The indicator module includes: a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, an indicator light, and a fifth MOSFET; The first end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the working power supply, the second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the first end of the indicator light, the second end of the indicator light is connected to the source of the fifth MOS transistor, the gate of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the protection module, the drain of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the first end of the fifteenth resistor, and the second end of the fifteenth resistor is grounded.

7. A power supply device, characterized in that, The power supply equipment uses the power supply protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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