System for preparing low-carbon hydrocarbon through high-temperature rapid self-thermal decomposition of heavy oil

Abstract

The utility model provides a system for preparing low-carbon hydrocarbon through high-temperature rapid self-thermal decomposition of heavy oil. The system for preparing the low-carbon hydrocarbon through the high-temperature self-thermal decomposition of the heavy oil comprises a feeding unit, a thermal oxygen rapid heating unit, a thermal cracking reaction unit, a rapid cooling unit and a collecting unit, the thermal oxygen rapid heating unit and the feeding unit are connected in parallel and are sequentially connected with the thermal cracking reaction unit, the rapid cooling unit and the collecting unit in series. According to the invention, the low-carbon hydrocarbon is prepared through thermal cracking reaction in a thermal oxygen rapid heating mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons from heavy oil through high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition. Background Technology

[0002] Petroleum processing generates large quantities of heavy oil. Heavy oil is characterized by high density, high residual carbon content, and high heavy metal content, and is often processed through decarbonization and hydrogenation to obtain light oil products for utilization. In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the gasoline and diesel markets are bound to be impacted, potentially leading to overcapacity in the future. The advantages of using heavy oil to produce light oil will diminish, and solely producing gasoline and diesel will be insufficient to guarantee the healthy development of enterprises in the future. Chemical raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, and acetylene are characterized by high value, stable prices, and high demand. The development of the global economy is inseparable from these basic chemical raw materials, and future demand will continue to grow. Therefore, it is imperative for petrochemical enterprises to adjust their industrial structure. To achieve higher efficiency, they will gradually shift from a business model primarily focused on oil refining to one primarily focused on the production of basic chemical products.

[0003] Current research on the cracking of heavy oil is mostly focused on the production of liquid hydrocarbons and coke, with limited research on small-molecule gaseous hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is crucial to provide a system for the high-temperature, rapid, autothermal decomposition of heavy oil into low-carbon hydrocarbons without the need for external heating. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome the technical defect of easy secondary reactions in small-molecule unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbons (such as ethylene), and to provide a system, method, and application for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons. This invention achieves high-temperature rapid pyrolysis of heavy oil by connecting a thermo-oxygen rapid heating unit in parallel with a feeding unit, which in turn connects in series with a pyrolysis reaction unit, a rapid cooling unit, and a collection unit. The high-temperature oxygen provided by the thermo-oxygen unit reacts with the heavy oil through combustion to achieve rapid heating, thus realizing the high-temperature pyrolysis of the heavy oil. The high-temperature reaction gas is then rapidly cooled by the rapid cooling unit, achieving the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons. This invention provides a system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons without the need for external heat supplementation, expanding the application scenarios of this method.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0006] This utility model provides a system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons, which includes a feeding unit, a thermal oxygen rapid heating unit, a thermal cracking reaction unit, a rapid cooling unit, and a collection unit.

[0007] The rapid heating unit for thermo-oxidation is connected in parallel with the feeding unit, and the two are connected in series with the thermal decomposition reaction unit, the rapid cooling unit, and the collection unit, as follows:

[0008] The heavy oil pyrolysis reaction unit is equipped with an inlet burner at the top, which includes a hot oxygen gas inlet and a heavy oil inlet; the bottom of the heavy oil pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to a rapid cooling unit, and the rapid cooling unit is equipped with a gas outlet, a light oil outlet, and a water and solid product outlet.

[0009] In this invention, the heavy oil, after being heated and its viscosity reduced, is mixed with oxygen heated by the hot-oxygen rapid heating unit and introduced into the thermal decomposition reaction unit through the top burner to undergo a combustion reaction, thereby achieving rapid heating. Then, the excess heavy oil undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction, and the generated reaction gas is introduced into the rapid cooling unit for rapid cooling to induce a secondary reaction. The generated gas is discharged through the gas outlet, the light oil is discharged through the light oil outlet, and the water and solid products are discharged through the water and solid product outlets.

[0010] In this invention, preferably, in the system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons, a burner is provided at the top of the thermal cracking reaction unit;

[0011] The heavy oil inlet and the gas inlet enter the thermal cracking reaction unit through the burner.

[0012] In this utility model, the system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil is characterized in that the main components of the feeding unit are a heated heavy oil tank, a stirrer, and a heavy oil pump.

[0013] The heavy oil tank (with heating) is located before the inlet of the heavy oil thermal cracking reaction unit.

[0014] In this utility model, the system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil is characterized in that the rapid heating unit of thermal oxygen is connected in parallel with the feeding unit and the feed is introduced into the thermal cracking reaction unit through the burner.

[0015] The aforementioned rapid heating unit for heating oxygen and fuel gas flows into a chamber together. Since the oxygen is in excess relative to the fuel gas, when the fuel gas is ignited, the excess oxygen is heated and the high-temperature oxygen expands rapidly before being ejected from the chamber outlet.

[0016] In this invention, the rapid cooling unit in the system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons includes a quench jacket and a quench chamber.

[0017] The quench jacket is installed at the connection pipe between the heavy oil thermal cracking reaction unit and the quench chamber, and is connected to the collection unit after the rapid cooling unit.

[0018] Water is preferably used as the coolant in the cooling jacket and cooling chamber.

[0019] In this utility model, the system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil is characterized in that the collection unit includes a gas product collector, a gas flow meter, and an analyzer.

[0020] In this invention, the heavy oil thermal cracking reaction unit is preferably a catalyst-free fluidized bed reactor with a refractory brick lining. The rapid heating unit preferably has oxygen and fuel gas flowing into a chamber together. Because the oxygen is in excess relative to the fuel gas, the excess oxygen is heated upon ignition of the fuel gas, and the high-temperature oxygen expands rapidly before being ejected from the chamber outlet. The rapid cooling unit preferably combines direct and indirect cooling, with water as the cooling medium.

[0021] This invention discloses a method for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons from heavy oil through high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition. The method employs the previously described system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons from heavy oil through high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition, and includes the following steps:

[0022] (1) The heavy oil and oxygen undergo a combustion reaction in the thermal cracking reaction unit to provide energy for the thermal cracking reaction;

[0023] (2) The heavy oil undergoes thermal cracking reaction in the thermal cracking reaction unit to obtain reaction gas ①, which includes: H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc.

[0024] (3) The reaction gas ① is reacted again in the rapid cooling unit to obtain reaction gas ②, which includes H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc.

[0025] In this invention, in step (1), the oxygen comes from the high-temperature oxygen of the thermo-oxygen rapid heating unit; the heavy oil comes from the heavy oil that is heated and devised by the feeding unit.

[0026] And / or, the mass ratio of oxygen to heavy oil in step (1) is (0.005~0.045):1, for example 0.025:1;

[0027] And / or, the high-temperature oxygen discharged by the thermal oxygen rapid heating unit is 800~1600℃; for example, 1300℃;

[0028] And / or, the reaction temperature in step (2) is 1200~1400℃ and the reaction residence time is 50 ms~300 ms; for example, the reaction temperature is 1300℃ and the residence time is 200 ms;

[0029] And / or, the rapid cooling medium in step (3) is water, and the cooling temperature is 25°C.

[0030] In this invention, preferably, the reaction temperature and residence time are adjusted and controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of oxygen to heavy oil.

[0031] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of this utility model.

[0032] The positive and progressive effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0033] (1) The system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons of this utility model does not require external heating and no toxic or harmful gases are generated during the reaction process.

[0034] (2) The system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil using this invention can greatly improve the conversion rate of low-carbon hydrocarbons.

[0035] (3) The system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil of this utility model has convenient operating parameters, simple and operable device, and can be applied to a variety of application scenarios, especially distributed application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons in Examples 1, 2, and 3. Explanation of reference numerals:

[0037] The system consists of five main components: a feeding unit, a rapid heating unit, a thermal decomposition reaction unit, a rapid cooling unit, and a collection unit.

[0038] 1 is nitrogen, 2 is oxygen, 3 is natural gas, 4 is a flow meter, 5 is a heated heavy oil tank, 6 is a stirrer, 7 is a heavy oil pump, 8 is a heating belt, 9 is a thermo-oxygen generator, 10 is a burner, 11 is a pressure gauge, 12 is an igniter, 13 is a high-temperature endoscope, 14 is a viewing port, 15 is a thermocouple, 16 is the gasifier body and refractory lining, 17 is a quenching jacket, 18 is a water quenching chamber, 19 is a solid product collection tank, 20 is a light oil collection tank, 21 is a gas flow meter, 22 is an online analyzer, 23 is a computer, 24 is an electronic scale, ① is reactant gas ①, ② is reactant gas ②. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but these embodiments do not limit the present invention to the scope of the embodiments described. Experimental methods in the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are performed according to conventional methods and conditions, or as selected according to the product instructions. Example

[0040] like Figure 1The diagram shown is a process flow chart of the system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons in this embodiment.

[0041] This embodiment provides a system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons.

[0042] The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons includes a feeding unit 1, a thermal oxygen rapid heating unit 2, a thermal cracking reaction unit 3, a rapid cooling unit 4, and a collection unit 5. The thermal cracking reaction unit is a catalyst-free fluidized bed reactor with a refractory brick lining.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a method for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of the above-mentioned heavy oil, which includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Pass the nitrogen gas from step 1 into the reactor to purge the air inside the reactor;

[0045] (2) Pass the natural gas in 3 and the oxygen in 2 into the hot oxygen generator 9 and heat the oxygen to 1600℃;

[0046] (3) The heavy oil in the heavy oil tank 5 and the oxygen in the hot oxygen generator 9 are simultaneously introduced into the burner and ignited by the igniter 12 to carry out the heavy oil combustion reaction in order to achieve the purpose of rapid heating. At the same time, the excess heavy oil undergoes thermal cracking reaction to generate reaction gas ①, which includes: H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc.

[0047] (4) The generated reaction gas ① is passed into a pipeline with a quench jacket 17, and then into a water quench chamber 18 to suppress the secondary reaction. The generated solid product is passed into a solid product collection tank 19, and the generated light oil is passed into a light oil collection tank 20 to generate reaction gas ②. The reaction gas ② includes H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc. The generated gas is analyzed by an online analyzer 22 to analyze the main components, and the gas flow meter 21 measures the flow rate of the generated gas.

[0048] In the above steps, the mass ratio of oxygen to heavy oil in the burner is 0.027:1, the reaction temperature is controlled at 1300℃, and the residence time is 200ms.

[0049] Example 1 illustrates a process for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons. No external heat is required, and no toxic or harmful gases are generated during the reaction. The gas phase yield is 15.34%, of which low-carbon hydrocarbons (CH4 and C2H4) account for 82.79%, and the remaining gases account for 17.21%. The light oil yield is 21.53%, and the solids yield is 63.13%. Example

[0050] like Figure 1The diagram shown is a process flow chart of the system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons in this embodiment.

[0051] This embodiment provides a system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons.

[0052] The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons includes a feeding unit 1, a thermal oxygen rapid heating unit 2, a thermal cracking reaction unit 3, a rapid cooling unit 4, and a collection unit 5. The thermal cracking reaction unit is a catalyst-free fluidized bed reactor with a refractory brick lining.

[0053] This embodiment also provides a method for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of the above-mentioned heavy oil, which includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Pass the nitrogen gas from step 1 into the reactor to purge the air inside the reactor;

[0055] (2) Pass the natural gas in 3 and the oxygen in 2 into the hot oxygen generator 9 and heat the oxygen to 1600℃;

[0056] (3) The heavy oil in the heavy oil tank 5 and the oxygen in the hot oxygen generator 9 are simultaneously introduced into the burner and ignited by the igniter 12 to carry out the heavy oil combustion reaction in order to achieve the purpose of rapid heating. At the same time, the excess heavy oil undergoes thermal cracking reaction to generate reaction gas ①, which includes: H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc.

[0057] (4) The generated reaction gas ① is passed into a pipeline with a quench jacket 17, and then into a water quench chamber 18 to suppress the secondary reaction. The generated solid product is passed into a solid product collection tank 19, and the generated light oil is passed into a light oil collection tank 20 to generate reaction gas ②. The reaction gas ② includes H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc. The generated gas is analyzed by an online analyzer 22 to analyze the main components, and the gas flow meter 21 measures the flow rate of the generated gas.

[0058] In the above steps, the mass ratio of oxygen to heavy oil in the burner is 0.036:1, the reaction temperature is controlled at 1400℃, and the residence time is 200ms.

[0059] Example 2: The process of producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil does not require external additional heat and no toxic or harmful gases are generated during the reaction. The gas phase yield is 16.44%, of which low-carbon hydrocarbons account for 86.29% and the remaining gases account for 13.71%; the light oil yield is 23.98%; and the solid yield is 59.58%. Example

[0060] like Figure 1The diagram shown is a process flow chart of the system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons in this embodiment.

[0061] This embodiment provides a system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons.

[0062] The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons includes a feeding unit 1, a thermal oxygen rapid heating unit 2, a thermal cracking reaction unit 3, a rapid cooling unit 4, and a collection unit 5. The thermal cracking reaction unit is a catalyst-free fluidized bed reactor with a refractory brick lining.

[0063] This embodiment also provides a method for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of the above-mentioned heavy oil, which includes the following steps:

[0064] (1) Pass the nitrogen gas from step 1 into the reactor to purge the air inside the reactor;

[0065] (2) Pass the natural gas in 3 and the oxygen in 2 into the hot oxygen generator 9 and heat the oxygen to 1600℃;

[0066] (3) The heavy oil in the heavy oil tank 5 and the oxygen in the hot oxygen generator 9 are simultaneously introduced into the burner and ignited by the igniter 12 to carry out the heavy oil combustion reaction in order to achieve the purpose of rapid heating. At the same time, the excess heavy oil undergoes thermal cracking reaction to generate reaction gas ①, which includes: H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc.

[0067] (4) The generated reaction gas ① is passed into a pipeline with a quench jacket 17, and then into a water quench chamber 18 to suppress the secondary reaction. The generated solid product is passed into a solid product collection tank 19, and the generated light oil is passed into a light oil collection tank 20 to generate reaction gas ②. The reaction gas ② includes H2, CH4, C2H4 and a small amount of C3, C4, etc. The generated gas is analyzed by an online analyzer 22 to analyze the main components, and the gas flow meter 21 measures the flow rate of the generated gas.

[0068] In the above steps, the mass ratio of oxygen to heavy oil in the burner is 0.027:1, the reaction temperature is controlled at 1300℃, and the residence time is 300ms.

[0069] Example 3: The process of producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil does not require external additional heat and no toxic or harmful gases are generated during the reaction. The gas phase yield is 14.89%, of which low-carbon hydrocarbons account for 83.65% and the remaining gases account for 16.35%; the light oil yield is 23.46%; and the solid yield is 61.65%.

Claims

1. A system for the high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil into lower hydrocarbons, characterized by, It includes a feeding unit, a thermo-oxygen rapid heating unit, a pyrolysis reaction unit, a rapid cooling unit, and a collection unit; The rapid heating unit for thermo-oxidation is connected in parallel with the feeding unit, and the two are connected in series with the thermal decomposition reaction unit, the rapid cooling unit, and the collection unit, as follows: The top of the pyrolysis reaction unit is equipped with an inlet burner, which includes a hot oxygen gas inlet and a heavy oil inlet; the bottom of the pyrolysis reaction unit is connected to a rapid cooling unit, which is equipped with a gas outlet, a light oil outlet, and a water and solid product outlet.

2. The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the pyrolysis reaction unit is equipped with a burner; The heavy oil inlet and the gas inlet enter the thermal cracking reaction unit through burners.

3. The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The main components of the feeding unit are a heated heavy oil tank, a stirrer, and a heavy oil pump. The heated heavy oil tank is located before the inlet of the thermal cracking reaction unit.

4. The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The aforementioned rapid heating unit for thermo-oxidation is connected in parallel with the feeding unit and fed into the thermal decomposition reaction unit via a burner; The aforementioned rapid heating unit draws oxygen and fuel gas into a chamber. Since the oxygen is in excess relative to the fuel gas, the excess oxygen is heated when the fuel gas is ignited. The high-temperature oxygen expands rapidly and is then ejected from the chamber outlet.

5. The system for producing low carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized by, The rapid cooling unit in the system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons includes a quench jacket and a water quench chamber.

6. The system for high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil to produce low-carbon hydrocarbons according to claim 5, characterized in that, The quenching jacket is installed at the connection pipe between the thermal pyrolysis reaction unit and the water quenching chamber, and is connected to the collection unit after the rapid cooling unit; The aforementioned quenching jacket and water quenching chamber use water as the coolant.

7. The system for producing low-carbon hydrocarbons by high-temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The collection unit includes a product collector, a gas flow meter, and an analyzer; The collection unit mainly includes: gas collection, light oil product collection, solid product collection, gas flow meter and analyzer; The analyzer in question is an online gas analyzer.

8. The system for producing low carbon hydrocarbons by high temperature rapid autothermal decomposition of heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis reaction unit is a fluidized bed reactor.

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