Forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK

Abstract

The utility model relates to a forced air cooling type energy storage battery PACK, which comprises a shell, two battery modules are arranged in the shell, each battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, a ventilation duct is formed between two adjacent battery cells, a sealing partition plate is arranged on one side surface of each battery module along a second direction, and the two ends of each battery module are respectively connected with the shell in a sealing manner. A heat dissipation cavity which is used for accommodating the battery module and is communicated with the ventilation air duct is formed in the shell; a plurality of groups of air holes are formed in the sealing partition plate at intervals in the first direction, and each group of air holes comprises one or more through holes formed at intervals in the height direction; the air holes are correspondingly communicated with the ventilation air duct; an adjusting valve for adjusting the ventilation area is arranged in the through hole; a main air duct is formed between the two battery modules through the two sealing partition plates, and heat dissipation fans are arranged at outlets in the two ends of the main air duct respectively; and the shell is provided with a hollow area for ventilation. According to the utility model, the heat dissipation effect is improved, and the problem of poor temperature consistency of the battery module is solved.

Description

A forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage battery heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale energy storage power stations and distributed energy systems, battery modules composed of hundreds or thousands of individual cells generate significant Joule heat and electrochemical reaction heat during deep charge-discharge cycles, with thermal power densities reaching the order of 100-200 W / kg. As the core component of energy storage systems, energy storage battery packs face severe thermal management challenges.

[0003] Energy storage battery packs integrate multiple cells, a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, and structural components to store and release electrical energy. Current technologies for energy storage battery packs utilize heat dissipation structures such as bonded liquid cooling plates and natural convection cooling structures. However, these structures reveal significant three-dimensional temperature gradients during actual operation. Due to factors such as air duct gaps and fan location, the temperature difference along the cell arrangement direction of the battery module can reach 8 to 15°C. In particular, the temperature in the middle region of the battery module, furthest from the fan (i.e., the air inlet and outlet), is much higher than the temperature in the end region closer to the fan. This non-uniform heat distribution not only leads to differences in capacity decay rates between cells (with the annual decay rate in locally high-temperature areas being 1.5-2 times higher than in low-temperature areas), but also induces a vicious thermal runaway chain reaction. Experimental data shows that when the temperature difference exceeds 10°C, the thermal runaway propagation speed increases by more than 3 times.

[0004] Currently, the poor temperature uniformity of battery modules has become a key technical barrier restricting the improvement of energy density and the economic efficiency of energy storage systems throughout their entire life cycle. There is an urgent need to develop intelligent thermal management solutions with adaptive heat flow regulation capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a forced air-cooled energy storage battery pack, aiming to improve heat dissipation and solve the problem of poor temperature uniformity in battery modules.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A forced air-cooled energy storage battery pack includes a housing and two battery modules disposed within the housing. Each battery module includes a plurality of cells arranged along a first direction, with a ventilation channel formed between adjacent cells. A sealing partition is provided on one side of each battery module along a second direction. The sealing partition extends along the first direction and its two ends are respectively sealed to the housing, thereby forming a heat dissipation cavity within the housing to accommodate the battery modules. The heat dissipation cavity is connected to the first end of the ventilation channel. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0008] The sealing partition is provided with multiple sets of air holes at intervals along the first direction, and each set of air holes includes one or more through holes at intervals along the height direction.

[0009] The multiple sets of air holes are connected to the second ends of the multiple ventilation ducts in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0010] The through hole is equipped with a regulating valve for adjusting the ventilation area;

[0011] The two battery modules are connected by their respective sealing partitions to form a main air duct. The two ends of the main air duct are respectively provided with outlets, and cooling fans are provided at the outlet positions.

[0012] The housing has a perforated area for ventilation.

[0013] The further technical solution is as follows:

[0014] The diameter of the through hole gradually decreases from the middle to both ends in the first direction.

[0015] The diameter of the through holes in each group of air vents is the same.

[0016] The regulating valve includes a fixed baffle and a movable baffle. The fixed baffle is used to close a portion of the through hole, and the movable baffle rotates relative to the fixed baffle to close or open the remaining portion of the through hole.

[0017] The through hole is circular, the fixed baffle is fan-shaped, and the movable baffle is also fan-shaped. The movable baffle, the fixed baffle, and the through hole are concentrically arranged. The movable baffle and the fixed baffle are connected at the center of the circle by a rotating shaft.

[0018] The movable baffle is provided with a raised handle.

[0019] The sealing partition has a scale on the area located at the outer edge of the through hole to indicate the rotation angle of the movable baffle.

[0020] The battery module is fitted together with the sealing partition.

[0021] The two battery modules are symmetrically arranged with the main air duct as the center, and the heat dissipation cavity in which the two battery modules are located has the same volume.

[0022] The cooling fans at both ends of the main air duct have the same power.

[0023] The width of the ventilation duct shall not be less than 8mm.

[0024] The hollow area on the housing is a heat dissipation grille, which is located on the side opposite to the first end of the ventilation duct.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0026] This invention optimizes the internal airflow of the battery pack, effectively improving its heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring uniform temperature distribution, thereby enhancing battery performance and lifespan. Specifically, it offers the following advantages:

[0027] This invention forms a heat dissipation cavity through a sealed partition, ensuring full contact between the cold airflow and the battery module, achieving an "immersion" effect of the battery module in the airflow, and greatly improving the utilization rate of cooling capacity. Each set of air vents corresponds to the ventilation duct, ensuring appropriate air pressure and reasonable airflow distribution along the first direction.

[0028] This invention, through the gradual change in the diameter of the through-hole in the first direction and the adjustment of the regulating valve, can precisely control the airflow at each battery cell according to actual needs. This achieves more refined heat dissipation management, avoids localized overheating, ensures uniform temperature distribution within the battery cell, improves product safety and stability, and extends product lifespan.

[0029] This invention features a cooling fan at each end of the main air duct, increasing the exhaust volume and creating excellent, uniform ventilation within the battery pack. Compared to single-end cooling, this method more effectively removes heat from the battery pack, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency. Simultaneously, it generates uniform air pressure, further enhancing the uniformity of heat dissipation in the first direction. This design can meet the operational requirements of battery packs with a relatively long first direction.

[0030] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description or may be learned by practicing this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 is a plan view of the internal structure of an embodiment of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 shows another perspective of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing partition in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in Figure 4.

[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the forced air cooling cycle in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 7 is a front view of the housing of an embodiment of this utility model.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Battery cell; 3. Sealing partition; 4. Cooling fan; 5. Main air duct; 6. Ventilation duct; 7. Cooling cavity; 8. Strap; 9. Through hole; 10. Fixed baffle; 11. Movable baffle; 12. Handle; 13. Scale; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Cooling grille. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Referring to Figures 1 to 5, the forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK of this embodiment includes a housing 1 and two battery modules disposed in the housing 1. The battery module includes a plurality of cells 2 arranged along a first direction, and a ventilation duct 6 is formed between two adjacent cells 2. A sealing partition 3 is provided on one side of the battery module along a second direction. The sealing partition 3 extends along the first direction and its two ends are respectively sealed and connected to the housing 1, thereby forming a heat dissipation cavity 7 in the housing 1 to accommodate the battery module. The heat dissipation cavity 7 is connected to the first end of the ventilation duct 6; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0041] Multiple sets of air holes are provided at intervals along the first direction on the sealing partition 3, and each set of air holes includes one or more through holes 9 distributed at intervals along the height direction;

[0042] The multiple sets of air holes are connected one-to-one with the second ends of multiple ventilation ducts 6;

[0043] Each through-hole 9 is equipped with an adjustment valve for adjusting the ventilation area;

[0044] The two battery modules are connected by their respective sealing partitions 3 to form a main air duct 5. The two ends of the main air duct 5 are respectively provided with outlets, and cooling fans 4 are provided at the outlet positions.

[0045] The housing 1 has a perforated area for ventilation.

[0046] Referring to Figure 6, the principle of forced air cooling circulation in this embodiment is as follows: Two battery modules are separated by sealing partitions 3. Each sealing partition 3 forms a space—a heat dissipation cavity 7—between the inner wall of the housing 1 for air cooling circulation. Simultaneously, a main air duct 5 is formed between the two sealing partitions 3, with a cooling fan 4 installed at each end of the main air duct 5. The cooling fans 4 provide air pressure, allowing cold air from the external environment of the housing 1 to flow into the hollowed-out area, pass through the heat dissipation cavity, and immerse the battery modules within it in the cold air. Simultaneously, the cold air enters the ventilation duct 6 between the battery cells 2 from the first end, cooling the adjacent sides of the battery cells 2 within the ventilation duct, and then flows out from the second end of the ventilation duct 6, passing through the air holes on the sealing partitions 3 and exiting into the main air duct 5. Because there are cooling fans 4 at both ends of the main air duct 5, the airflow can flow evenly from the middle to both ends in the first direction, ensuring temperature consistency of the battery modules in the first direction. This avoids the problem of large temperature differences caused by traditional airflow flowing from one end to the other. The direction of the circulating airflow is shown by the arrow in Figure 6.

[0047] In this embodiment, by setting up a heat dissipation cavity 7, it is possible to ensure that the cold airflow is in full contact with the battery module, achieving an "immersion" effect of the battery module in the airflow, which greatly improves the utilization rate of cooling capacity. The two ends of the sealing partition 3 can be sealed using mechanical seals or sealant.

[0048] In this embodiment, each set of air holes corresponds to the ventilation duct, ensuring that the wind pressure along the first direction is appropriate and the airflow distribution is reasonable.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the battery module is fitted together with the sealing separator 3. This allows for sufficient heat conduction and convection, ensuring effective heat dissipation on the side of the battery module that is fitted with the sealing separator 3.

[0050] In this embodiment, the distance between the ventilation ducts between the battery cells 2 is preferably not less than 8mm. This significantly reduces airflow resistance, increases airflow, and allows air to pass more smoothly through the PACK, carrying away more heat and improving heat dissipation efficiency. It is especially suitable for high power density battery PACKs, helping to maintain a lower cell temperature during high-load operation.

[0051] In a battery module, the cells are typically connected in series and secured as a whole by straps 8. The capacity of each cell in each battery module is usually the same.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the two battery modules have the same capacity and are symmetrically arranged with the main air duct 5 as the center. The heat dissipation cavity 7 where the two battery modules are located has the same volume, so that the flow space in the entire battery PACK is symmetrical, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of the two battery modules.

[0053] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation duct 6 in both battery modules is the same. More preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation duct 6 in each battery module is the same.

[0054] As a preferred method, the cooling fans 4 at both ends of the main air duct 5 have the same power.

[0055] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, in a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the through-hole 9 gradually decreases from the middle to both ends in the first direction. Since the middle position is farther from the outlets at both ends of the main air duct 5, the air pressure is lower. If the diameter of the through-hole 9 is the same along the first direction, airflow will easily flow out from the ventilation ducts and corresponding through-holes near the outlets at both ends, resulting in better heat dissipation at the ends than in the middle. However, the gradual diameter design of the through-hole 9 in this embodiment increases the air pressure in the ventilation duct at the middle position, improves the uniformity of airflow from the middle and both ends, and further enhances the temperature consistency of the battery module along the first direction.

[0056] As a preferred approach, the diameter of the through holes 9 in each group of air vents is the same. It can be understood that the number of through holes 9 in each group of air vents, and the opening ratio parameter of each group of air vents, can be designed according to actual needs.

[0057] The regulating valve includes a fixed baffle 10 and a movable baffle 11. The fixed baffle 10 is used to close a portion of the through hole 9, and the movable baffle 11 rotates relative to the fixed baffle 10 to close or open the remaining portion of the through hole 9.

[0058] For ease of observation, as shown in Figure 4, the blue part is the fixed baffle 10, which is fixed in the through hole 9. The green part is the movable baffle 11. The through hole 9 is preferably circular, the fixed baffle 10 is preferably fan-shaped, and the movable baffle 11 is also preferably fan-shaped. The movable baffle 11, the fixed baffle 10 and the through hole 9 are concentrically arranged, and the movable baffle 11 and the fixed baffle 10 are connected at the center position by a rotating shaft 14, as shown in Figure 5.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, the fixed baffle 10 in this embodiment has the structure of two symmetrically arranged 45° sector plates, and the movable baffle 11 also has the structure of two symmetrically arranged 45° sector plates. The fixed baffle 10 and the movable baffle 11 have the same area, or the area of ​​the movable baffle 11 is slightly larger than that of the fixed baffle 10. Specifically, the movable baffle 11 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 14, and rotation is achieved through the rotational cooperation between the rotating shaft 14 and the fixed baffle 10. When the movable baffle 11 rotates to a 90° angle with the fixed baffle 10, its state is as shown in the middle set of air holes in Figure 3. At this time, the movable baffle 11 completely closes the remaining part that is not closed by the fixed baffle 10, and the through hole 9 is completely closed, and the air volume of the middle set of air holes is 0. In each set of air holes, the movable baffle 11 can be rotated to different angles to achieve different air volume adjustments.

[0060] It is understandable that in the design phase of this embodiment, the front-end engineer first simulates and calculates the wind pressure of the air vent along the first direction, and then designs the corresponding through-hole diameter, the area of ​​the fixed baffle, the area of ​​the movable baffle, and the rotation angle of the movable baffle under different operating conditions. Then, in actual use, the movable baffle is adjusted to the preset angle according to the design scheme, and it can be used. As the operating time accumulates and the operating conditions change, the angle of the movable baffle can be adjusted again.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, the movable baffle 11 is provided with a protruding handle portion 12. This facilitates the rotation of the movable baffle 11 via the handle portion 12.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, the sealing partition 3 is provided with a scale 13 on the area located at the outer edge of the through hole 9 to indicate the rotation angle of the movable baffle 11, so as to facilitate identification and operation.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the hollowed-out area on the housing 1 is provided with a heat dissipation grille 15. The heat dissipation grille 15 is preferably located on the side opposite to the first end of the ventilation duct 6.

[0064] This embodiment, through the gradual design of the through-hole diameter and the adjustment of the regulating valve, can precisely control the airflow at each battery cell according to actual needs. This effectively avoids localized overheating and ensures uniform temperature distribution within the battery cell.

[0065] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A forced air-cooled energy storage battery pack, comprising a housing (1) and two battery modules disposed within the housing (1), wherein each battery module comprises a plurality of cells (2) arranged along a first direction, and a ventilation duct (6) is formed between adjacent cells (2), characterized in that, The battery module is provided with a sealing partition (3) on one side along the second direction. The sealing partition (3) extends along the first direction and is sealed to the housing (1) at both ends, thereby forming a heat dissipation cavity (7) for accommodating the battery module in the housing (1). The heat dissipation cavity (7) is connected to the first end of the ventilation duct (6). The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Multiple sets of air holes are provided on the sealing partition (3) at intervals along the first direction. Each set of air holes includes one or more through holes (9) at intervals along the height direction. The multiple sets of air holes are connected to the second ends of multiple ventilation ducts (6) one by one. The through holes (9) are provided with regulating valves for adjusting the ventilation area. The two battery modules are connected to each other through their respective sealing partitions (3) to form a main air duct (5). The two ends of the main air duct (5) are respectively provided with outlets, and a heat dissipation fan (4) is provided at the outlet position. The housing (1) is provided with a hollow area for ventilation.

2. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the through hole (9) gradually decreases from the middle to both ends in the first direction.

3. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the through holes (9) in each group of air holes is the same.

4. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating valve has a structure including a fixed baffle (10) and a movable baffle (11). The fixed baffle (10) is used to close a portion of the through hole (9), and the movable baffle (11) rotates relative to the fixed baffle (10) to close or open the remaining portion of the through hole (9).

5. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 4, characterized in that, The through hole (9) is circular, the fixed baffle (10) is fan-shaped, and the movable baffle (11) is also fan-shaped. The movable baffle (11), the fixed baffle (10) and the through hole (9) are concentrically arranged. The movable baffle (11) and the fixed baffle (10) are connected at the center position by a rotating shaft (14). The movable baffle (11) is provided with a protruding handle part (12).

6. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealing partition (3) has a scale (13) located at the outer edge of the through hole (9) for indicating the rotation angle of the movable baffle (11).

7. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module is fitted together with the sealing partition (3).

8. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two battery modules are symmetrically arranged with the main air duct (5) as the center, and the volume of the heat dissipation cavity (7) where the two battery modules are located is the same; the power of the heat dissipation fan (4) at both ends of the main air duct (5) is the same.

9. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the ventilation duct (6) is not less than 8 mm.

10. The forced air-cooled energy storage battery PACK according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow area on the housing (1) is a heat dissipation grille (15), which is located on the side opposite to the first end of the ventilation duct (6).

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