Hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system which comprises a plurality of groups of fuel cell units arranged in parallel, and a hydrogen supply unit, a hydrogen discharge unit, an air supply unit, an air discharge unit, a cooling liquid supply unit and a cooling liquid discharge unit which are respectively communicated with the plurality of groups of fuel cell units, the opening number of the plurality of groups of fuel cell units can be selectively set; the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further comprises an evaporator, a low-boiling-point working medium storage tank, a generator, a heat exchanger, a cold heat exchange medium storage tank, a first pipeline, a low-boiling-point working medium pipeline, a first regulating valve, a second pipeline, a cold heat exchange medium pipeline, a second regulating valve, a third regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve, a fifth regulating valve and a sixth regulating valve, and the second regulating valve, the evaporator and the heat exchanger which are arranged on the second pipeline are arranged in parallel. The hydrogen fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system can improve the power generation efficiency of the system, realizes large-range adjustment of output electric energy power, and has relatively many application scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell technology is currently recognized as a clean energy technology. Hydrogen and oxygen react to produce electricity while generating heat as a byproduct. Hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) systems utilize this characteristic of hydrogen fuel cells to comprehensively utilize the electrical and thermal energy generated during the reaction process. The power range covers kilowatts to megawatts and can be widely used in various applications such as household and industrial CHP systems and backup thermal power sources.

[0003] Because the demand for electrical and thermal energy varies depending on the application and the time of use, the existing hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system has a narrow range of adjustable output power, which limits the application scenarios of the same product. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system that can not only improve the power generation efficiency of the system, but also achieve a wide range of adjustment of the output power, thus broadening its application scenarios.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system includes several sets of fuel cell units connected in parallel, a hydrogen supply unit, a hydrogen exhaust unit, an air supply unit, an air exhaust unit, a coolant supply unit, and a coolant exhaust unit, which are respectively connected to the several sets of fuel cell units. The number of the several sets of fuel cell units that are turned on can be selectively set.

[0007] The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system further includes a first pipeline connected to the coolant discharge unit at one end, an evaporator through which the first pipeline passes, a first regulating valve located on the side of the first pipeline relative to the inlet of the evaporator, a low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank, a low-boiling-point working fluid pipeline connected to the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank at one end and passing through the evaporator, and a generator located on the side of the low-boiling-point working fluid pipeline relative to the outlet of the evaporator. The opening degree of the first regulating valve is adjustable.

[0008] The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system further includes a second pipeline connected to the coolant discharge unit at one end, a heat exchanger through which the second pipeline passes, a second regulating valve located on the side of the second pipeline relative to the inlet of the heat exchanger, a cold heat exchange medium storage tank, a cold heat exchange medium pipeline connected to the cold heat exchange medium storage tank at one end and passing through the heat exchanger, and a heat exchange medium storage tank located on the side of the cold heat exchange medium pipeline relative to the outlet of the heat exchanger. The opening degree of the second regulating valve is adjustable.

[0009] The evaporator and the heat exchanger are connected in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system has a first operating mode, a second operating mode, and a third operating mode:

[0011] When the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is in the first working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, the first regulating valve is opened and the second regulating valve is closed, and the fuel cell units are used only for power supply.

[0012] When the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is in the second working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, and the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are opened. The fuel cell units are used to supply power and heat simultaneously.

[0013] When the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is in the third working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, the first regulating valve is closed and the second regulating valve is opened, and the fuel cell units are used to supply power and heat simultaneously.

[0014] Preferably, the power of each of the several groups of fuel cell units is the same.

[0015] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a hydrogen recovery pipeline located between the hydrogen exhaust unit and the hydrogen supply unit.

[0016] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a low-boiling-point working fluid recovery pipeline located between the generator and the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank.

[0017] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a first coolant recovery pipeline disposed between the first pipeline and the coolant supply unit, and a second coolant recovery pipeline disposed between the second pipeline and the coolant supply unit.

[0018] More preferably, the first coolant recovery pipeline is connected to the outlet side of the first pipeline relative to the evaporator, and the second coolant recovery pipeline is connected to the outlet side of the second pipeline relative to the heat exchanger.

[0019] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes multiple valve groups that correspond one-to-one with the fuel cell units. Each valve group includes a hydrogen feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the hydrogen supply unit, an air feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the air supply unit, and a coolant feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the coolant supply unit.

[0020] Due to the application of the above technical solution, this utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system of this utility model has the following advantages:

[0021] By splitting hydrogen fuel cells into several groups of fuel cell units connected in parallel, the number of fuel cell units that can be turned on can be selected according to the power demand of the external load, realizing the regulation of the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system across the entire power range and broadening its application scenarios.

[0022] By connecting the evaporator and heat exchanger in parallel downstream of the coolant discharge unit, and adjusting the amount of coolant entering the evaporator and heat exchanger respectively through the first and second regulating valves, not only can the output thermal power be flexibly adjusted, but the power generation efficiency of the system can also be improved and the range of output electrical power adjustment can be further increased.

[0023] By combining the two structural improvements mentioned above, when the external load power demand is slightly greater than the output power of several fuel cell units, the opening of the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve can be adjusted respectively, and the heat energy of the coolant can be used to supply power through the generator. This can avoid starting an extra set of fuel cell units and save costs accordingly. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] The components include: 1. Fuel cell unit; 2. Valve assembly unit; 201. Hydrogen feed valve; 202. Air feed valve; 203. Coolant feed valve; 3. Hydrogen supply unit; 4. Hydrogen discharge unit; 5. Air supply unit; 6. Air discharge unit; 7. Coolant supply unit; 8. Coolant discharge unit; 9. First pipeline; 10. Evaporator; 11. First regulating valve; 12. Low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank; 13. Low-boiling-point working fluid pipeline; 14. Generator; 15. Second pipeline; 16. Heat exchanger; 17. Second regulating valve; 18. Cold heat exchange medium storage tank; 19. Cold heat exchange medium pipeline; 20. Hot heat exchange medium storage tank; 21. Hydrogen recovery pipeline; 22. Low-boiling-point working fluid recovery pipeline; 23. First coolant recovery pipeline; 24. Second coolant recovery pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length", "inner", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the embodiments of this utility model.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0032] The following disclosure provides many different implementations or examples for different structures of the embodiments of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or reference letters may be repeated in different examples of the embodiments of the present invention; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various implementations and / or arrangements discussed.

[0033] See Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system, including several sets of fuel cell units 1 arranged in parallel, a hydrogen supply unit 3, a hydrogen exhaust unit 4, an air supply unit 5, an air exhaust unit 6, a coolant supply unit 7, and a coolant exhaust unit 8 respectively connected to the several sets of fuel cell units 1, and the number of the several sets of fuel cell units 1 that are turned on can be selectively set.

[0034] The hydrogen supply unit 3 is used to supply hydrogen to several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively; the air supply unit 5 is used to supply air to several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively; the coolant supply unit 7 is used to supply coolant to several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively; the hydrogen discharge unit 4 is used to receive hydrogen discharged from several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively; the air discharge unit 6 is used to receive air discharged from several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively; and the coolant discharge unit 8 is used to receive coolant discharged from several groups of fuel cell units 1 respectively.

[0035] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes multiple valve group units 2, each corresponding to a fuel cell unit 1. Each valve group unit 2 includes a hydrogen feed valve 201 located between the fuel cell unit 1 and the hydrogen supply unit 3, an air feed valve 202 located between the fuel cell unit 1 and the air supply unit 5, and a coolant feed valve 203 located between the fuel cell unit 1 and the coolant supply unit 7. Switching the on / off state of this valve group unit 2 can control the opening or closing of the corresponding fuel cell unit 1.

[0036] Several groups of fuel cell units 1 have the same power output. In this embodiment, the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is 100kW, and the power output of each group of fuel cell units 1 is 10kW.

[0037] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a hydrogen recovery pipeline 21 located between the hydrogen exhaust unit 4 and the hydrogen supply unit 3.

[0038] The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system also includes a first pipe 9 connected to a coolant discharge unit 8 at one end, an evaporator 10 through which the first pipe 9 passes, a first regulating valve 11 located on the side of the first pipe 9 relative to the inlet of the evaporator 10, a low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank 12, a low-boiling-point working fluid pipe 13 connected to the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank 12 at one end and passing through the evaporator 10, and a generator 14 located on the side of the low-boiling-point working fluid pipe 13 relative to the outlet of the evaporator 10. The opening degree of the first regulating valve 11 is adjustable.

[0039] With this setup, the high-temperature coolant in the first pipe 9 and the low-boiling-point working fluid in the low-boiling-point working fluid pipe 13 exchange heat in the evaporator 10, causing the low-boiling-point working fluid to absorb heat and evaporate. Then, the gaseous low-boiling-point working fluid is fed into the generator 14 to generate electricity, and this part of the electrical energy can also be used to supply external loads.

[0040] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a low-boiling-point working fluid recovery pipeline 22 located between the generator 14 and the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank 12.

[0041] The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a second pipeline 15 connected to the coolant discharge unit 8 at one end, a heat exchanger 16 through which the second pipeline 15 passes, a second regulating valve 17 located on the side of the second pipeline 15 relative to the inlet of the heat exchanger 16, a cold heat exchange medium storage tank 18, a cold heat exchange medium pipeline 19 connected to the cold heat exchange medium storage tank 18 at one end and passing through the heat exchanger 16, and a hot heat exchange medium storage tank 20 located on the side of the cold heat exchange medium pipeline 19 relative to the outlet of the heat exchanger 16. The opening degree of the second regulating valve 17 is adjustable.

[0042] With this setup, the high-temperature coolant in the second pipeline 15 exchanges heat with the cold heat exchange medium in the cold heat exchange medium pipeline 19 in the heat exchanger 16, causing the cold heat exchange medium to heat up, and the resulting heat exchange medium is then introduced into the heat exchange medium storage tank 20 for external use.

[0043] See Figure 1 As shown, the evaporator 10 and the heat exchanger 16 are connected in parallel downstream of the coolant discharge unit 8. The amount of coolant entering the evaporator 10 and the heat exchanger 16 is adjusted by the first regulating valve 11 and the second regulating valve 17, respectively. This not only enables flexible adjustment of the output thermal power, but also improves the power generation efficiency of the system and further increases the adjustment range of the output electrical power.

[0044] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a first coolant recovery pipeline 23 located between the first pipeline 9 and the coolant supply unit 7, and a second coolant recovery pipeline 24 located between the second pipeline 15 and the coolant supply unit 7. The first coolant recovery pipeline 23 is connected to the first pipeline 9 at the outlet side of the evaporator 10, and the second coolant recovery pipeline 24 is connected to the second pipeline 15 at the outlet side of the heat exchanger 16.

[0045] The aforementioned hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system has a first operating mode, a second operating mode, and a third operating mode:

[0046] When the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is in the first working mode, at least one set of fuel cell unit 1 is turned on, the first regulating valve 11 is opened and the second regulating valve 17 is closed, and the fuel cell unit 1 is used only for power supply.

[0047] When the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is in the second working mode, at least one set of fuel cell unit 1 is turned on, and the first regulating valve 11 and the second regulating valve 17 are opened. The fuel cell unit 1 is used to supply power and heat at the same time.

[0048] When the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is in the third working mode, at least one set of fuel cell units 1 is turned on, the first regulating valve 11 is closed and the second regulating valve 17 is opened, and the fuel cell unit 1 is used to supply power and heat simultaneously.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the external power demand is less than 10kW, only one set of fuel cell unit 1 is turned on; when the external power demand is between 10kW and 20kW, depending on the portion exceeding 10kW, two sets of fuel cell unit 1 are turned on, or only one set of fuel cell unit 1 is turned on and the first regulating valve 11 is opened and the second regulating valve 17 is closed; on the basis of meeting the external power demand, when there is an external heat demand, the second regulating valve 17 is opened accordingly.

[0050] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system, characterized in that: It includes several sets of fuel cell units arranged in parallel, a hydrogen supply unit, a hydrogen exhaust unit, an air supply unit, an air exhaust unit, a coolant supply unit, and a coolant exhaust unit that are respectively connected to the several sets of fuel cell units. The number of the several sets of fuel cell units that are turned on can be selectively set. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system further includes a first pipeline connected to the coolant discharge unit at one end, an evaporator through which the first pipeline passes, a first regulating valve located on the side of the first pipeline relative to the inlet of the evaporator, a low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank, a low-boiling-point working fluid pipeline connected to the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank at one end and passing through the evaporator, and a generator located on the side of the low-boiling-point working fluid pipeline relative to the outlet of the evaporator. The opening degree of the first regulating valve is adjustable. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system further includes a second pipeline connected to the coolant discharge unit at one end, a heat exchanger through which the second pipeline passes, a second regulating valve located on the side of the second pipeline relative to the inlet of the heat exchanger, a cold heat exchange medium storage tank, a cold heat exchange medium pipeline connected to the cold heat exchange medium storage tank at one end and passing through the heat exchanger, and a heat exchange medium storage tank located on the side of the cold heat exchange medium pipeline relative to the outlet of the heat exchanger. The opening degree of the second regulating valve is adjustable. The evaporator and the heat exchanger are connected in parallel.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system has a first operating mode, a second operating mode, and a third operating mode: When the hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system is in the first working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, the first regulating valve is opened and the second regulating valve is closed, and the fuel cell units are used only for power supply. When the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is in the second working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, and the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are opened. The fuel cell units are used to supply power and heat simultaneously. When the hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system is in the third working mode, at least one set of the fuel cell units is turned on, the first regulating valve is closed and the second regulating valve is opened, and the fuel cell units are used to supply power and heat simultaneously.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power outputs of the various groups of fuel cell units are all the same.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a hydrogen recovery pipeline located between the hydrogen exhaust unit and the hydrogen supply unit.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes a low-boiling-point working fluid recovery pipeline located between the generator and the low-boiling-point working fluid storage tank.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system further includes a first coolant recovery pipeline located between the first pipeline and the coolant supply unit, and a second coolant recovery pipeline located between the second pipeline and the coolant supply unit.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first coolant recovery pipeline is connected to the outlet side of the first pipeline relative to the evaporator, and the second coolant recovery pipeline is connected to the outlet side of the second pipeline relative to the heat exchanger.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power system also includes multiple valve groups that correspond one-to-one with the fuel cell units. Each valve group includes a hydrogen feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the hydrogen supply unit, an air feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the air supply unit, and a coolant feed valve located between the fuel cell unit and the coolant supply unit.

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