Partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The utility model provides a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms. The partial discharge probe comprises a protective shell, a resonant cavity assembly, a light leading-in assembly and a light leading-in and leading-out assembly. The resonant cavity assembly is arranged in the protective shell; the light leading-in assembly is arranged on one outer side of the resonant cavity assembly and is in optical communication connection with the interior of the resonant cavity assembly; the light leading-in and leading-out assembly is arranged on the other outer side of the resonant cavity assembly and is in optical communication connection with the interior of the resonant cavity assembly, and the probe light emitted by the light leading-in assembly penetrates through the interior of the resonant cavity assembly and then enters the light leading-in and leading-out assembly; pump light emitted by the light leading-in and leading-out assembly passes through the interior of the resonant cavity assembly and goes back and forth in the resonant cavity for multiple times, and resonant cavity resonance enhancement is formed. According to the utility model, through combination of resonance enhancement in the resonant cavity and detection light out-of-cavity design, the light field absorption efficiency of the partial discharge probe is improved, and the power demand of a laser light source is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of discharge detection technology, specifically to a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms. Background Technology

[0002] Partial discharge detection technology based on Rydberg atoms utilizes the high sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to electromagnetic fields to locate and measure the intensity of discharges by detecting changes in the electromagnetic field generated by partial discharges. It offers advantages such as high sensitivity and non-contact detection. However, to achieve sufficient atomic excitation rates, existing partial discharge probes typically require high-power laser sources exceeding 100mW, leading to power accumulation problems such as reliance on external power input and high spontaneous emission noise. Furthermore, the single-pass absorption rate of the pump light in partial discharge probes is less than 10%, resulting in significant unutilized optical power. This also contributes to problems such as large system size and high power consumption, disturbances to the atomic ensemble caused by strong laser-induced thermal effects, and mode degradation in semiconductor lasers at power levels above 50mW. Therefore, improving partial discharge probes to reduce laser power while increasing the optical field absorption efficiency is a crucial technical challenge that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms. By combining resonant enhancement within the resonant cavity with a probe light ionization design, the optical field absorption efficiency of the partial discharge probe is improved, and the power requirement of the laser source is reduced.

[0004] The technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms includes:

[0006] The protective shell has a cavity structure.

[0007] The resonant cavity assembly is built into the protective housing;

[0008] A light-introducing component is located on the outside of the resonant cavity assembly and is connected to the inside of the resonant cavity assembly via optical communication.

[0009] The light inlet and outlet component is located on the other side of the resonant cavity component and is connected to the inside of the resonant cavity component via optical communication. The probe light emitted from the light inlet component passes through the inside of the resonant cavity component and then enters the light inlet and outlet component. The pump light emitted from the light inlet and outlet component passes through the inside of the resonant cavity component and goes back and forth inside the resonant cavity multiple times, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

[0010] Preferably, the resonant cavity assembly includes:

[0011] The cesium atom chamber is located in the middle of the internal cavity structure of the protective shell;

[0012] The first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror is set between the cesium atom gas cell and the light-introducing component. The probe light emitted from the light-introducing component is incident on the cesium atom gas cell.

[0013] The second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror is positioned between the cesium atom gas chamber and the light inlet and outlet assembly, and together with the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror, forms a resonant cavity. The pump light emitted from the light inlet and outlet assembly passes through the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror and then enters the cesium atom gas chamber.

[0014] The dichroic mirror is located outside the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The probe light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell is transmitted through the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror into the cesium atom gas cell, and then through the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror into the dichroic mirror. The pump light reflected from the dichroic mirror is parallel to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and directed into the cesium atom gas cell.

[0015] This invention utilizes a resonant cavity composed of a first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror and a second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror arranged in parallel, along with a cesium atom gas cell. This cavity allows only pump light of a specific frequency to form a stable standing wave within the cavity, while light of other frequencies is suppressed due to destructive interference, thus achieving the purpose of frequency selection in the resonant cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cesium atom gas cell along its axial direction with the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The pump light transmitted by the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is parallel to the probe light and incident into the cesium atom gas cell. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell is reflected by the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and then passes through the cesium atom gas cell again to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. In this way, it passes through the cesium atom gas cell multiple times and is parallel to the probe light multiple times in the cesium atom gas cell, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

[0017] Preferably, the resonant cavity assembly further includes:

[0018] The third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is set opposite to the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell is incident on the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and reflected by the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror.

[0019] The fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is set opposite to the third and second high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors. The pump light emitted from the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is reflected by the third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror, and then reflected by the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror.

[0020] The pump light transmitted by the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is parallel to the probe light and incident into the cesium atom gas chamber. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas chamber is reflected sequentially by the first, third, fourth, and second high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors and then into the cesium atom gas chamber. In this way, it travels back and forth between the four high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors multiple times and is parallel to the probe light multiple times in the cesium atom gas chamber, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

[0021] This invention utilizes a resonant cavity enhancement mode. When the pump light frequency matches the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, the residence time of the pump light in the resonant cavity increases, the photon lifetime is extended, and the intensity of the optical field inside the cavity is much higher than the intensity of the incident light, thus achieving the purpose of energy storage in the resonant cavity.

[0022] Preferably, the light-introducing component includes:

[0023] The first collimator is located outside the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The probe light emitted from the first collimator is transmitted to the cesium atom gas cell through the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror.

[0024] Preferably, the light inlet and outlet assembly includes:

[0025] The second collimator is disposed between the dichroic mirror and the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first collimator.

[0026] This invention achieves high-sensitivity, wide-bandwidth, and low-interference detection by having the probe light emitted from the first collimator and pass through the cesium atom gas chamber in a single pass, without directly participating in the optical field oscillation within the resonant cavity. Instead, it achieves detection through coupling with the optical field within the cavity. After passing through the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and the second collimator, the light is transmitted through a dichroic mirror and output to the photoelectric detection module to complete signal reading and detection of the EIT transmission spectrum signal. This achieves complete isolation between the probe light and the pump light in the resonant cavity in both space and optical path, realizing an off-cavity design for the probe light, avoiding frequency limitation of the probe light by the resonant cavity, and reducing intracavity losses and nonlinear effects.

[0027] Preferably, the partial discharge probe further includes:

[0028] A photoelectric detection module is located outside the resonant cavity assembly. The detection light emitted from the light-introducing and extracting assembly is incident on the photoelectric detection module, which detects the electromagnetically induced transparent spectral signal in the detection light and converts it into an electrical signal.

[0029] Preferably, the control system includes a temperature control module and a light intensity control module;

[0030] The temperature control module includes:

[0031] A temperature sensor, which is built into the resonant cavity, is used to monitor the temperature of the resonant cavity and its interior in real time, generate a voltage signal and output it to the temperature control unit;

[0032] A temperature control unit is communicatively connected to a temperature sensor. It receives the voltage signal from the temperature sensor, compares the measured temperature with the target temperature, generates a temperature error signal, and drives the temperature control components to work.

[0033] A temperature control component is provided, which is communicatively connected to a temperature control unit and is used to adjust the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time according to the temperature error signal sent by the controller module.

[0034] The light intensity control module includes:

[0035] A power coupler, which is built into the resonant cavity, is used to convert the pump light intensity sampled in real time through the resonant cavity into a voltage signal and output it to the light intensity control unit;

[0036] A light intensity control unit is communicatively connected to a power coupler. It receives electrical signals from the power coupler, calculates the light intensity error signal using a PID algorithm, and generates a light intensity drive signal.

[0037] The PZT piezoelectric ceramic is disposed on the first or fourth high-reflection high-transmission mirror and is communicatively connected to the light intensity control unit. It is used to generate displacement according to the received drive signal to adjust the distance between the first and second high-reflection high-transmission mirrors to achieve cavity length frequency locking; or to adjust the relative distance between the fourth high-reflection high-transmission mirror and the first, second, and third high-reflection high-transmission mirrors.

[0038] This invention implements a temperature-piezoelectric composite tuning mechanism through a control system, which controls the frequency drift of the resonant cavity within 100kHz, ensuring that the 509nm probe light is always in a resonant state and improving the stability of the resonant cavity. At the same time, the frequency drift is <100kHz, which improves the frequency locking accuracy of the resonant cavity. The light intensity enhancement factor is stabilized at 5~10 times, which suppresses the influence of environmental noise such as temperature drift and mechanical vibration on the resonant cavity.

[0039] This invention utilizes a signal enhancement mechanism that combines resonant cavity energy storage with quantum coherence effect enhancement, integrating the system volume into a small resonant cavity. This results in a compact structure, reduced vacuum noise, and a high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby achieving optical field compression.

[0040] This invention introduces the principle of cavity quantum electrodynamics into a partial discharge atomic probe. By combining the design of a resonant cavity with a probe light ionization cavity, it replaces the "power accumulation" in the existing technology with "optical field compression". By generating a compressed vacuum state, it reduces optical field noise and achieves or even surpasses the detection sensitivity of traditional power accumulation with lower power laser, thus achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

[0041] This invention avoids the limitations of large-size resonant cavities by using an off-cavity design where the probe light does not participate in the oscillation within the resonant cavity, thus opening up a new path for the miniaturization of quantum sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms according to Embodiment 2 of this utility model; wherein 1-dichroic mirror; 2-partial discharge probe; 3-second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror; 4-first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror; 5-cesium atom gas chamber; 6-PZT piezoelectric ceramic; 7-first collimator; 8-second collimator; 9-third high-reflection and high-transmission mirror; 10-fourth high-reflection and high-transmission mirror. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] As attached Figure 1 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this utility model provides a partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms, including a protective shell, a resonant cavity assembly, a light-introducing assembly, and a light-introducing and extracting assembly.

[0047] The resonant cavity assembly includes a cesium atom gas chamber 5, a first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4, a second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3, and a dichroic mirror 1.

[0048] The first high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 4 exhibits high transmission for the probe light and high reflection for the pump light; the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 exhibits high transmission for the probe light and high reflection and low transmission for the pump light; wherein, the wavelength of the probe light is preferably 852.35 nm, used to excite cesium atoms from the ground state 6S1 / 2 Transition to the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 The wavelength of the pump light should be less than or equal to 509.53 nm. In this embodiment, the preferred wavelength of the pump light is 509.53 nm, used to excite cesium atoms from the first excited state 6P. 3 / 2 It transitions to a Rydberg state with a principal quantum number greater than 50.

[0049] The resonant cavity allows a small portion of the pump light to pass through the second high-reflectivity, high-transmittance mirror 3 and enter the cavity, while reflecting most of the pump light to maintain oscillation within the cavity. The resonant cavity has a reflectivity greater than 99.98% for the pump light and a transmittance less than or equal to 0.02%; the resonant cavity has a single-pass transmittance greater than 95% for the probe light. The pump light transmitted from the second high-reflectivity, high-transmittance mirror 3 passes through the atomic gas cell to the first high-reflectivity, high-transmittance mirror 4, is reflected by the first high-reflectivity, high-transmittance mirror 4, and then passes through the cesium atomic gas cell 5 again to the second high-reflectivity, high-transmittance mirror 3. This process repeats multiple times within the cesium atomic gas cell 5, resulting in enhanced resonance within the resonant cavity. Preferably, in this embodiment, within the cesium atomic gas cell 5, the probe light induces cesium atoms to transition from the ground state 6S... 1 / 2 Transition to the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 Pump light excites cesium atoms from the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 It transitions to a Rydberg state with a principal quantum number greater than or equal to 50.

[0050] The cesium atom chamber 5 is filled with cesium metal atoms and a buffer gas. The buffer gas is an inert gas such as neon to suppress the collision between cesium atoms and the walls of the cesium atom chamber.

[0051] Preferably, this embodiment also designs a 2-degree inclined wedge structure on the atomic gas chamber window to disrupt the parallel reflection path between the window surfaces, avoid the incident light from forming parasitic resonance inside the window, thereby eliminating light intensity fluctuations and ghost image interference, and ensuring the stability of the atomic excitation process and the purity of the detection signal.

[0052] The PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6 is rigidly connected to the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 4. By changing the voltage of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6, the position of the mirror can be directly adjusted, thereby precisely changing the cavity length L and achieving cavity length frequency locking. Preferably, this embodiment also uses an adaptive control system to lock the cavity length at the resonant state of the pump light at a wavelength of 509.53nm.

[0053] The light introduction component includes a first collimator 7, which is located outside the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4. It is used to convert the probe light emitted from the optical fiber into parallel light and incident it into the resonant cavity. The collimated probe light can maintain a stable spot size over a long distance, thereby improving the detection accuracy.

[0054] Preferably, the light inlet and outlet assembly includes a second collimator 8 and a dichroic mirror 1. The second collimator 8 is disposed outside the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 3, and the dichroic mirror 1 is disposed outside the second collimator 8. The second collimator 8 is used to convert the probe light emitted from the resonant cavity into parallel light and incident it onto the dichroic mirror 1, and to convert the incident pump light into parallel light and incident it into the resonant cavity. The collimated probe light and pump light can maintain a stable spot size over a long distance, improving detection accuracy.

[0055] In this embodiment, due to the multilayer dielectric film deposited on the surface of the dichroic mirror 1, the dichroic mirror 1 has a high reflectivity (typically >95%) for pump light with a wavelength of 509.53nm and a high transmittance (typically >95%) for probe light with a wavelength of 852.35nm. Therefore, when the probe light emitted from the second collimator 8 passes through the dichroic mirror 1, it can pass through the dichroic mirror 1 and be emitted to the photodetector.

[0056] Preferably, a photoelectric detection module is provided, which is located outside the resonant cavity assembly. The detection light emitted from the light inlet / outlet assembly is incident on the photoelectric detection module, which detects the electromagnetically induced transparent spectral signal in the detection light and converts it into an electrical signal.

[0057] The control system implements a temperature-piezoelectric composite tuning mechanism. When the temperature changes slowly, the temperature control system responds first and maintains the temperature stability by heating / cooling to reduce the cavity length drift. Mechanical disturbances in the resonant cavity cause instantaneous deviations in the cavity length. The light intensity control module completes the correction with a microsecond-level response speed to ensure that the resonant cavity is always in the resonance state of the 509nm probe light.

[0058] The control system includes a temperature control module and a light intensity control module. The temperature control module includes a temperature sensor, a temperature control unit, and temperature control components. The temperature sensor monitors and collects the temperature of the environment surrounding the resonant cavity in real time. The temperature control unit generates a temperature error signal to drive the temperature control components, which typically use heating elements and semiconductor coolers. When the temperature is higher than the target value, the cooler starts to cool down; when the temperature is lower than the target value, the heating element starts to heat up, thereby controlling the temperature fluctuation within ±0.01℃.

[0059] The light intensity control module includes a power coupler, a light intensity control unit, and a PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6. The power coupler typically uses a beam splitter or photodiode to sample a small portion of the probe and pump light at high frequency and convert it into an electrical signal. When the resonant cavity deviates from its resonant state due to factors such as temperature drift or mechanical vibration, the transmitted light intensity will change significantly, and the power coupler can detect these intensity fluctuations in a timely manner. The light intensity control unit typically uses an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) to receive the electrical signal from the power coupler, calculates the light intensity error signal using a PID algorithm, and drives the PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6 to directly adjust the relative distance between the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 4 and the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 3 of the resonant cavity, thereby changing the cavity length and achieving cavity length frequency locking.

[0060] The process of detecting partial discharge signals using the partial discharge probe described in Embodiment 1 of this utility model is as follows:

[0061] S1. Set the parameters of the resonant cavity components, including the free spectral range, fineness, mode field diameter, and atomic system parameters, while the atomic system parameters include the cesium atom gas cell temperature, buffer gas pressure, and pump light detuning.

[0062] Preferably, in this embodiment, the free spectral range (FSR) is 1.5 GHz, the precision (F) is 15000, and the mode field diameter is 1.2 mm. The high precision (15000) and the narrow free spectral range (1.5 GHz) together ensure that the resonant cavity outputs a single-mode, narrow-linewidth laser. The mode field diameter (1.2 mm) matches the atomic gas cell, ensuring that the laser energy is efficiently coupled into the atomic system, enhancing the interaction strength between light and atoms, and improving the experimental signal-to-noise ratio.

[0063] Preferably, the cesium atom gas cell temperature is 85°C, the buffer gas pressure is 5 Torr (the pressure of neon gas), and the pump light detuning is -20 MHz. The high-temperature gas cell provides sufficient atomic density to ensure that the pump light interacts with a large number of atoms. The 5 Torr neon gas reduces polarization relaxation caused by wall collisions while avoiding collisional decoherence caused by excessive pressure. The -20 MHz detuned pump light selectively excites low-velocity atoms, reducing the impact of Doppler broadening, and reduces spontaneous emission loss through red detuning, thereby improving polarization efficiency.

[0064] S2. The probe light with a wavelength of 852.35nm emitted from the optical path frequency stabilization module is frequency-locked and then emitted through the first collimator 7 and incident on the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4. The first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4 transmits the probe light to the cesium atom gas cell 5. The probe light passes through the cesium atom gas cell 5 and is emitted to the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3. After being transmitted by the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3 and collimated by the second collimator 8, it is incident on the dichroic mirror 1. After being transmitted by the dichroic mirror 1, it is incident on the photodetector module. The photodetector module detects the EIT transmission spectrum signal in the initial probe light and converts it into a voltage signal.

[0065] S3. The pump light with a wavelength of 509.53nm emitted from the optical path frequency stabilization module is reflected by the dichroic mirror 1 and then incident on the second collimator 8. After collimating the pump light, the second collimator 8 emits the pump light to the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3. Then, the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3 transmits the pump light into the resonant cavity assembly, where the pump light and the probe light are parallel to each other. After passing through the cesium atom gas cell 5, the pump light is incident on the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4. After being reflected by the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4, it passes through the cesium atom gas cell 5 again and then to the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3. This process is repeated multiple times, passing through the interior of the cesium atom gas cell 5, thus forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

[0066] Simultaneously, the temperature sensor in the control system monitors the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time, generates a voltage signal, and outputs it to the temperature control unit. The temperature control unit compares the measured temperature with the target temperature, generates a temperature error signal, and drives the temperature control components to adjust the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time according to the temperature error signal sent by the controller module. The power coupler in the control system converts the pump light intensity sampled in real time through the resonant cavity into a voltage signal and outputs it to the light intensity control unit. The light intensity control unit calculates the light intensity error signal through a PID algorithm and generates a light intensity driving signal. The PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6 is displaced, adjusting the distance between the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4 and the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3 to achieve cavity length frequency locking.

[0067] S4. When a partial discharge signal with a frequency range of 300MHz to 2GHz is applied to the partial discharge probe described in this embodiment of the present invention, the energy levels of cesium atoms in the cesium atom gas cell 5 will shift under the action of an external electromagnetic field (AC-Stark effect), and the intensity of the probe light after passing through the cesium atom gas cell 5 will change; the dichroic mirror 1 transmits the changed probe light to the photodetector, and the photodetector detects the EIT transmission spectrum signal of the probe light, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting the partial discharge signal.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] As another embodiment of this utility model, as shown in the appendix Figure 2As shown, Embodiment 2 of this utility model provides another partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms, including a protective shell, a resonant cavity assembly, a light-introducing assembly and a light-introducing and extracting assembly, a photoelectric detection module and a control system.

[0070] The resonant cavity assembly includes a cesium atom gas cell 5, a first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4, a second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3, a dichroic mirror 1, a third high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 9, and a fourth high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 10. The above-mentioned devices constitute the resonant cavity of this embodiment.

[0071] The first high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 4 exhibits high transmission for the probe light and high reflection for the pump light; the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 exhibits high transmission for the probe light and high reflection and low transmission for the pump light; the third high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 9 and the fourth high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 10 both exhibit high reflection for the pump light; wherein, the wavelength of the probe light is preferably 852.35 nm, used to excite cesium atoms from the ground state 6S 1 / 2 Transition to the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 The wavelength of the pump light should be less than or equal to 509.53 nm. In this embodiment, the preferred wavelength of the pump light is 509.53 nm, used to excite cesium atoms from the first excited state 6P. 3 / 2 It transitions to a Rydberg state with a principal quantum number greater than 50.

[0072] The resonant cavity allows a small portion of the pump light to pass through the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 and enter the cavity, while reflecting most of the pump light to maintain oscillation within the cavity. The resonant cavity has a reflectivity greater than 99.98% for the pump light and a transmittance less than or equal to 0.02%; the resonant cavity has a single-pass transmittance greater than 95% for the probe light. The pump light transmitted from the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 is parallel to the probe light and incident on the cesium atom gas chamber 5. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas chamber 5 is reflected sequentially by the first high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 4, the third high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 9, the fourth high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 10, and the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 before entering the cesium atom gas chamber 5. This process repeats multiple times between the four high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirrors and repeatedly incidents parallel to the probe light within the cesium atom gas chamber 5, resulting in enhanced resonance in the resonant cavity. Preferably, in this embodiment, within the cesium atom gas chamber 5, the probe light induces cesium atoms to transition from the ground state 6S... 1 / 2 Transition to the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 Pump light excites cesium atoms from the first excited state 6P 3 / 2 It transitions to a Rydberg state with a principal quantum number greater than or equal to 50.

[0073] The cesium atom chamber 5 is filled with cesium metal atoms and a buffer gas. The buffer gas is an inert gas such as neon to suppress the collision between cesium atoms and the walls of the cesium atom chamber.

[0074] Preferably, this embodiment also designs a 2-degree inclined wedge structure on the atomic gas chamber window to disrupt the parallel reflection path between the window surfaces, avoid the incident light from forming parasitic resonance inside the window, thereby eliminating light intensity fluctuations and ghost image interference, and ensuring the stability of the atomic excitation process and the purity of the detection signal.

[0075] Preferably, the dichroic mirror 1 is disposed outside the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3. The probe light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell 5 is transmitted through the first high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 4 into the cesium atom gas cell 5, and then through the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 to the dichroic mirror 1. The pump light reflected from the dichroic mirror 1 is parallel to the second high-reflectivity, high-transmission mirror 3 and incident on the cesium atom gas cell 5. Due to the multilayer dielectric film coated on the surface of the dichroic mirror 1, the dichroic mirror 1 has high reflectivity (typically >95%) for pump light with a wavelength of 509.53 nm and high transmittance (typically >95%) for probe light with a wavelength of 852.35 nm. Therefore, when the probe light emitted from the second collimator 8 passes through the dichroic mirror 1, it can pass through the dichroic mirror 1 and be emitted to the photodetector.

[0076] The photoelectric detection module in this embodiment has the same performance as the photoelectric detection module in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here. Furthermore, the control system in this embodiment also has basically the same performance as the control system in Embodiment 1. The difference lies in that the PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6 in the light intensity control module is fixedly connected to the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 10. By changing the voltage of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6, the relative distance between the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror 10 and the first, second, and third high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors 4, 3, and 9 is directly adjusted, thereby precisely changing the cavity length L of the resonant cavity and achieving cavity length frequency locking. Preferably, this embodiment also locks the cavity length of the resonant cavity at the resonant state of the pump light wavelength of 509.53nm through the control system.

[0077] The process of detecting partial discharge signals using the partial discharge probe described in Embodiment 2 of this utility model includes four steps: S1, S2, S3, and S4. Steps S1, S2, and S4 are the same as in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here. Step S3 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0078] S3. The pump light with a wavelength of 509.53nm emitted from the optical path frequency stabilization module is reflected by the dichroic mirror 1 and then incident on the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3. The pump light transmitted from the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3 is parallel to the probe light and incident on the cesium atom gas cell 5. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell 5 is reflected sequentially by the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 4, the third high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 9, the fourth high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 10, and the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror 3 and then incident on the cesium atom gas cell 5. This process is repeated multiple times between the four high-reflection and high-transmission mirrors and repeatedly incident on the probe light in parallel within the cesium atom gas cell 5, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

[0079] Simultaneously, the temperature sensor in the control system monitors the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time, generates a voltage signal, and outputs it to the temperature control unit. The temperature control unit compares the measured temperature with the target temperature, generates a temperature error signal, and drives the temperature control components to adjust the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time according to the temperature error signal sent by the controller module. The power coupler in the control system converts the pump light intensity sampled in real time through the resonant cavity into a voltage signal and outputs it to the light intensity control unit. The light intensity control unit calculates the light intensity error signal through a PID algorithm and generates a light intensity driving signal. The PZT piezoelectric ceramic 6 is displaced, adjusting the relative distance between the fourth high-reflection high-transmission mirror 10 and the first high-reflection high-transmission mirror 4, the second high-reflection high-transmission mirror 3, and the third high-reflection high-transmission mirror 9, thereby achieving cavity length frequency locking.

[0080] The partial discharge probes described in Embodiments 1 and 2 of this utility model, through the combination of resonant enhancement within the resonant cavity and detachment of the probe light from the cavity design, can not only increase the intensity enhancement factor of the 509nm pump light by 5-10 times, but also effectively improve the system sensitivity. At the same time, it can reduce the power requirement of the laser source of the optical path frequency stabilization module to 10mW and effectively improve the absorption rate. This solves the problems of large system size and high power consumption caused by high-power laser sources, the disturbance of atomic ensemble by strong laser-induced thermal effects, and the mode degradation phenomenon of semiconductor lasers at a power greater than 50mW in the prior art.

Claims

1. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms, characterized in that, Including: The protective shell has a cavity structure. A resonant cavity assembly, wherein the resonant cavity assembly is built into a protective housing; A light-introducing component is disposed on the outside of the resonant cavity assembly and is connected to the inside of the resonant cavity assembly via optical communication. A light-introducing and extracting component is disposed on the other side of the resonant cavity component and connected to the inside of the resonant cavity component via optical communication. The probe light emitted from the light-introducing component passes through the inside of the resonant cavity component and then enters the light-introducing and extracting component. The pump light emitted from the light-introducing and extracting component passes through the inside of the resonant cavity component and travels back and forth inside the resonant cavity multiple times, forming resonant cavity resonance enhancement. The control system is used to sequentially control the temperature and light intensity within the resonant cavity within the target range, maintaining the cavity length frequency lock.

2. The partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant cavity assembly includes: A cesium atom gas chamber, wherein the cesium atom gas chamber is located in the middle part of the internal cavity structure of the protective shell; The first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror is disposed between the cesium atom gas cell and the light-introducing component, and the probe light emitted from the light-introducing component is incident on the cesium atom gas cell. The second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror is disposed between the cesium atom gas chamber and the light inlet and outlet assembly and forms a resonant cavity with the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror. The pump light emitted from the light inlet and outlet assembly enters the cesium atom gas chamber after passing through the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror. The dichroic mirror is located outside the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The probe light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell is transmitted through the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror into the cesium atom gas cell, and then through the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror into the dichroic mirror. The pump light reflected by the dichroic mirror is parallel to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and directed into the cesium atom gas cell.

3. The partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cesium atom gas chamber along its axial direction with the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The pump light transmitted by the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is parallel to the probe light and incident into the cesium atom gas chamber. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas chamber is reflected by the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and then passes through the cesium atom gas chamber again to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. In this way, it passes through the cesium atom gas chamber multiple times and is parallel to the probe light multiple times in the cesium atom gas chamber, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

4. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The resonant cavity assembly also includes: The third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is set opposite to the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas cell is incident on the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and reflected by the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is set opposite to the third and second high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors. The pump light emitted from the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is reflected by the third high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror, and then reflected by the fourth high-reflection, high-transmission mirror to the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror.

5. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The pump light transmitted by the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror is parallel to the probe light and incident into the cesium atom gas chamber. The pump light emitted from the cesium atom gas chamber is reflected sequentially by the first, third, fourth, and second high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors and then into the cesium atom gas chamber. In this way, it travels back and forth between the four high-reflection, high-transmission mirrors multiple times and is parallel to the probe light multiple times in the cesium atom gas chamber, forming a resonant cavity resonance enhancement.

6. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The light-introducing components include: The first collimator is located outside the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror. The probe light emitted from the first collimator is transmitted to the cesium atom gas cell through the first high-reflection, high-transmission mirror.

7. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The light-introducing and extracting components include: The second collimator is disposed between the dichroic mirror and the second high-reflection, high-transmission mirror and is symmetrically arranged with respect to the first collimator.

8. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, 4, or 7, characterized in that, It also includes: A photoelectric detection module is located outside the resonant cavity assembly. The detection light emitted from the light-introducing and extracting assembly is incident on the photoelectric detection module, which detects the electromagnetically induced transparent spectral signal in the detection light and converts it into an electrical signal.

9. A partial discharge probe based on Rydberg atoms as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a temperature control module and a light intensity control module; The temperature control module includes: A temperature sensor, which is built into the resonant cavity, is used to monitor the temperature of the resonant cavity and its interior in real time, generate a voltage signal and output it to the temperature control unit; A temperature control unit is communicatively connected to a temperature sensor. It receives the voltage signal from the temperature sensor, compares the measured temperature with the target temperature, generates a temperature error signal, and drives the temperature control components to work. Temperature control components are communicatively connected to the temperature control unit and are used to adjust the resonant cavity and its internal temperature in real time according to the temperature error signal sent by the controller module. The light intensity control module includes: A power coupler, which is built into the resonant cavity, is used to convert the pump light intensity sampled in real time through the resonant cavity into a voltage signal and output it to the light intensity control unit; A light intensity control unit is communicatively connected to a power coupler. It receives electrical signals from the power coupler, calculates the light intensity error signal using a PID algorithm, and generates a light intensity drive signal. The PZT piezoelectric ceramic is communicatively connected to the light intensity control unit and is used to generate displacement according to the received drive signal to adjust the distance between the first high-reflection and high-transmission mirror and the second high-reflection and high-transmission mirror, thereby achieving cavity length frequency locking; or to adjust the relative distance between the fourth high-reflection and high-transmission mirror and the first, second, and third high-reflection and high-transmission mirrors.

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