Photovoltaic module with direct lightning protection function and inductive lightning protection function

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic assembly with a direct lightning protection function and an inductive lightning protection function, which comprises a metal support frame and a photovoltaic panel arranged in the metal support frame, the photovoltaic panel comprises an upper glass plate, a drainage wire layer, a lower glass plate and a photovoltaic power generation panel which are sequentially attached and fixed from top to bottom, the upper glass plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the drainage wire layer is arranged on the lower glass plate. A metal lightning arrester is arranged in the mounting hole, and the lower end of the metal lightning arrester is connected to the drainage wire layer; the metal supporting frame is provided with a plurality of drainage buckles used for fixing the photovoltaic panel, and the drainage buckles are communicated with a drainage wire layer in the photovoltaic panel. The metal support frame is also provided with a grounding connecting piece. According to the utility model, the photovoltaic panel can be effectively protected from being damaged by direct lightning and inductive lightning, and the dual lightning protection effect is good. Meanwhile, the small-size metal lightning arrester can greatly reduce the risk of lightning triggering, reduces the shielding of the photovoltaic power generation assembly, guarantees the safe operation of the photovoltaic panel in a lightning environment, and does not affect the power generation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lightning protection technology for petrochemical new energy power generation systems, specifically to a photovoltaic module with dual protection functions against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes. Background Technology

[0002] Solar, wind, and tidal energy are the world's three major green energy sources. Among them, solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is favored by the new energy industry due to its simple installation and low cost. Solar PV power generation systems are typically located in flat, open areas such as near the sea, deserts, and farmland, covering an area of ​​up to tens of thousands of square meters. Because the terrain is flat and open, the solar PV power generation devices are located at a high position, making them susceptible to lightning strikes during cloudy and rainy weather. This can not only damage the solar PV power generation system but also potentially cause natural disasters. Moreover, lightning strike accidents involving PV power generation modules have become increasingly common in recent years.

[0003] Existing solar photovoltaic power generation systems generally do not have lightning protection measures such as lightning rods or lightning strips installed on the power generation module side. Instead, surge protectors are installed inside the combiner box and inverter. However, lightning strikes on photovoltaic modules still occur frequently, causing damage to the photovoltaic power generation modules, affecting their normal use, and resulting in lower photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Furthermore, subsequent maintenance is inconvenient and costly. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology, effectively release the lightning strikes (including direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes) suffered by photovoltaic panels, and avoid damage from lightning strikes. Therefore, this invention provides a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes, including a metal support frame and a photovoltaic panel installed therein. The photovoltaic panel includes an upper glass plate, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate, and a photovoltaic power generation plate, which are sequentially attached and fixed. The upper glass plate of the photovoltaic panel has several mounting holes, and each mounting hole is equipped with a metal lightning arrester. The lower end of the metal lightning arrester is connected to the current-guiding wire layer. The metal support frame is provided with multiple current-guiding clips for fixing the photovoltaic panel. The current-guiding clips are connected to the current-guiding wire layer in the photovoltaic panel. The metal support frame is also provided with a grounding connector.

[0006] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each PN junction is collected through a current-conducting strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel. The current-conducting strip does not cover the PN junction.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper glass plate, the guide wire layer, and the lower glass plate in the photovoltaic panel are integrally formed and pressed together. The thickness of the upper glass plate and the lower glass plate is 1-5mm. The guide wire layer includes flat metal guide wires, which are laid above the guide strip of the photovoltaic panel. The metal guide wires are 1-3mm thick and their width is not greater than the width of the guide strip of the lower photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal guide wire is made of multi-strand soft copper wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal lightning arrester includes an upper cone and a lower cylinder, integrally formed, wherein the outer side wall of the lower cylinder is provided with external threads, which pass through the mounting hole of the upper glass plate and are connected to the metal guide wire; the metal lightning arrester is disposed above the guide bar node in the photovoltaic power generation panel.

[0010] The height of the upper cone in the metal lightning arrester exceeds the thickness of the upper glass plate by 3 to 20 mm; the diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder by 2 to 8 mm, and the height of the lower cylinder is 1 to 5 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the metal lightning arrester is made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the drainage clip includes a clip head and a clip bottom that can be inserted into each other, and the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the drainage clip is not less than 4mm². 2 Several snap-fit ​​bottoms are fixedly installed on the four sides of the aforementioned metal support frame. The snap-fit ​​heads that are compatible with the snap-fit ​​bottoms are clamped to the edge of the photovoltaic panel and connected to the outer end of the metal guide wire.

[0013] Furthermore, the buckle base is fixed to the metal support frame by welding or bolting, and the effective contact area between the two is not less than 4mm. 2 The buckle head is fixed to the outer end of the metal guide wire by bolts; the effective contact area between the buckle head and the buckle bottom is not less than 6mm. 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the grounding connector includes a grounding wire, which is fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame. The grounding wire is connected to the grounding electrode of the grounding grid, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire is not less than 6mm². 2 .

[0015] Furthermore, when facing a direct lightning strike, the metal lightning arrester, metal guide wire, guide clip, metal support frame, and grounding wire are sequentially guided to the ground; when facing an induced lightning strike, the metal guide wire, guide clip, and metal support frame form a metal cage effect.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: In this invention, the metal lightning arrester, metal current-guiding wire, current-guiding buckle, metal support frame, and grounding connector form an electrically connected equipotential body. Through the grounding connector and connection to the grounding grid, electrostatic balance is achieved, enabling the photovoltaic panel to be protected against direct lightning strikes. The metal current-guiding wire, current-guiding buckle, and metal support frame form a metal cage effect, enabling the photovoltaic panel to be protected against induced lightning strikes. This structure can protect the photovoltaic panel from tens of kiloamperes of lightning current, hundreds of kilovolts of lightning current, and overvoltages, exhibiting good lightning protection and effectively protecting the photovoltaic panel from lightning damage. Furthermore, the small size and low height of the metal lightning arrester in this invention greatly reduce the risk of attracting lightning and minimize shading of the photovoltaic power generation components, ensuring the safe operation of the photovoltaic panel in lightning environments without affecting power generation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic panel in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of the photovoltaic panel in this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal lightning arrester in this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage buckle in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the drainage buckle and the metal drainage wire in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the protection and energy dissipation of direct lightning strikes according to this utility model.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the protection against induced lightning provided by this utility model.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Metal support frame, 2. Photovoltaic panel, 3. Current-draining buckle, 4. Grounding wire, 21. Upper glass plate, 22. Metal current-draining wire, 23. Lower glass plate, 24. Photovoltaic power generation panel, 25. Metal lightning arrester, 251. Upper cone, 252. Lower cylinder, 31. Buckle bottom, 32. Buckle head. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", and "top" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only used to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component in this utility model and do not specifically mean that any component in this utility model must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0027] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "setting," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Example 1,

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 2mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strip does not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 1mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed. The material is galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 5mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which is usually set to 2mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 1mm.

[0031] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is provided with bolt holes and is fixedly installed on the main frame by fastening bolts. The effective contact area between the two is 4mm. 2The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 300mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 4mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0032] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 6mm². 2 .

[0033] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, when a 15kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 is struck before the glass panel. The lightning breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3, and then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0034] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when a 6kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0035] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0036] Example 2,

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 1mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strips and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strips do not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several laid-out metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 3mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 2mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 3mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which is usually set to 5mm, and the height of the lower cylinder 252 is 1mm.

[0038] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is provided with bolt holes and is fixedly installed on the main frame by fastening bolts. The effective contact area between the two is not less than 4mm. 2 The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 500mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​not less than 6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is not less than 4mm². 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0039] The metal support frame 1 is also provided with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1, and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is not less than 6 mm². 2 .

[0040] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7As shown, when a direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 receives the lightning strike before the glass panel. The lightning strike breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3. It then enters the grounding grid from the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon power generation cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0041] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when an induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal guide wire 22, the guide buckle 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0042] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0043] Example 3,

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 5mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strips and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strips do not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 2mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 20mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is larger than the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which can usually be set to 8mm or 5mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 3mm.

[0045] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is provided with bolt holes and is fixedly installed on the main frame by fastening bolts. The effective contact area between the two is 6mm. 2The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 1000mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 4mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0046] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 8mm². 2 .

[0047] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, when a 15kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 is struck before the glass panel. The lightning breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3, and then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0048] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when an 8kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0049] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0050] Example 4,

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 3mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strips and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strips do not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 1mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 10mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which can usually be set to 2mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 5mm.

[0052] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is provided with bolt holes and is fixedly installed on the main frame by fastening bolts. The effective contact area between the two is 8mm. 2 The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 500mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​8mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 6mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0053] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 6mm². 2 .

[0054] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7As shown, when a 20kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 receives the lightning strike before the glass panel. The lightning strike breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3. It then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0055] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when a 6kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0056] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0057] Example 5,

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 2mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strip does not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 1mm and a width generally not exceeding the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has external threads on its outer side wall, which pass downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connect to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extend upward, which can be set to 5mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which can usually be set to 3mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 1mm.

[0059] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is provided with bolt holes and is fixedly installed on the main frame by fastening bolts. The effective contact area between the two is 4mm. 2The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 800mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls on both sides, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 4mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0060] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 6mm². 2 .

[0061] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, when a 10kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 receives the lightning strike before the glass panel. The lightning breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3, and then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 play a current isolation role for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, which will not cause impact to the monocrystalline silicon power generation cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, and protect them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0062] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when a 6kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0063] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0064] Example 6,

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 2mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strip does not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 1mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed. The material is galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 5mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which is usually set to 2mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 1mm.

[0066] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle bottom 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle bottom 31 is directly welded and fixed to the main frame, and the effective contact area between the two is 4mm. 2 The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 300mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 4mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0067] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 6mm². 2 .

[0068] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7As shown, when a 15kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 is struck before the glass panel. The lightning breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3, and then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0069] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when a 6kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0070] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0071] Example 7,

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 1mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strips and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strips do not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several laid-out metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 3mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 2mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 3mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which is usually set to 5mm, and the height of the lower cylinder 252 is 1mm.

[0073] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is directly welded and fixed to the main frame, and the effective contact area between the two is not less than 4mm. 2The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 500mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​not less than 6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is not less than 4mm². 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0074] The metal support frame 1 is also provided with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1, and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is not less than 6 mm². 2 .

[0075] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, when a direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 receives the lightning strike before the glass panel. The lightning strike breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3. It then enters the grounding grid from the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon power generation cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0076] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when an induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal guide wire 22, the guide buckle 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0077] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0078] Example 8,

[0079] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled from multiple main skeletons, reinforcing beams, etc., while the main frame has a frame-like structure and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by an integral molding and pressing process, and are tightly bonded together. The thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 5mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strips and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strips do not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flatly laid metal guide wires 22. Each metal guide wire 22 is laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, with a thickness of 2mm and a width generally no greater than the width of the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, typically 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multi-strand soft copper wire. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the nodes of the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has an external thread on its outer side wall, which passes downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connects to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extends upward, which can be set to 20mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is larger than the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which can usually be set to 8mm or 5mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 3mm.

[0080] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle base 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle base 31 is directly welded and fixed to the main frame, and the effective contact area between the two is 6mm. 2 The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four edges, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 1000mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending from the periphery of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​6mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 4mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0081] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 8mm². 2 .

[0082] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7As shown, when a 15kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 is struck before the glass panel. The lightning breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3, and then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0083] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when an 8kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0084] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0085] Example 9,

[0086] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes includes a metal support frame 1 and photovoltaic panels 2 installed within it. The metal support frame 1 consists of a main frame and a support frame, wherein the main frame is inclined relative to the support frame, and the angle between the two is adjusted according to the geographical location of its installation. The entire frame is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The support frame is assembled and welded together from multiple main skeletons and reinforcing beams. The main frame has a frame-like structure with a horizontal U-shaped cross-section and is installed at the top of the support frame. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic panel 2 includes an upper glass plate 21, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate 23, and a photovoltaic power generation panel 24 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The upper glass plate 21, the current-guiding wire layer, and the lower glass plate 23 are made by a tight-fitting and pressing process, and the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and the lower glass plate 23 is generally 3mm. They are then tightly pressed onto the top of the photovoltaic power generation panel 24. The photovoltaic power generation panel 24 is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each power generation PN junction is collected through the current-guiding strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel 2. The current-guiding strip does not cover the PN junctions. The aforementioned guide wire layer comprises several flat-laid metal guide wires 22, each laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel 24. The metal guide wires 22 are 3mm thick and generally no wider than the guide strips in the lower photovoltaic panel 24, approximately 3mm, to reduce shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Each metal guide wire 22 is made of multiple strands of soft copper wire twisted together. The upper glass plate 21 has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester 25. These metal lightning arresters 25 are arranged in an array above the guide strip nodes of the photovoltaic panel 24, similarly reducing shading of the photovoltaic PN junction's reception of solar radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the metal lightning arrester 25 includes an upper cone 251 and a lower cylinder 252, which are coaxially arranged and integrally formed, and are made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy. The lower cylinder 252 has external threads on its outer side wall, which pass downward through the corresponding mounting hole on the upper glass plate 21 and connect to the metal guide wire 22. The height of the upper cone 251 needs to exceed the thickness of the upper glass plate 21 and extend upward, which can be set to 10mm. The diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone 251 is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder 252, which is about 2mm. The height of the lower cylinder 252 is 5mm.

[0087] The aforementioned photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly installed into the main frame of the metal support frame 1 using multiple drain clips 3, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the drainage buckle 3 consists of a buckle head 32 and a buckle bottom 31 that can be inserted into each other. The buckle bottom 31 is directly welded and fixed to the main frame, and the effective contact area between the two is 8mm. 2The main frame has four equally spaced snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 on its four sides, with one snap-fit ​​bottom 31 fixed every 500mm. Correspondingly, snap-fit ​​heads 32 are installed around the photovoltaic panel 2 and are bolted to the ends of the metal guide wires 22 extending to the edges of the photovoltaic panel 2. Each snap-fit ​​head 32 has two ends, capable of connecting to two metal guide wires 22 to form a circuit. The snap-fit ​​head 32 is convex in shape with snap-fit ​​grooves on both sides; the snap-fit ​​bottoms 31 are concave in shape with protruding snaps on their inner walls, which can fit into the snap-fit ​​grooves on the snap-fit ​​head 32. During installation, the two are interlocked, with an effective contact area of ​​8mm. 2 Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the aforementioned drainage clip 3 is 6mm. 2 This is to increase the current conduction efficiency. The aforementioned current-guiding clip 3 is made of galvanized steel alloy.

[0088] The metal support frame 1 is also equipped with a grounding connector, which includes a grounding wire 4, fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame 1 and connected downwards to the grounding grid. The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire 4 is 6mm². 2 .

[0089] Based on the above structure, the metal lightning arrester 25, the metal current-guiding wire 22 in the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal current-guiding buckle 3, the metal support frame 1, and the grounding wire 4 together constitute the current-guiding circuit, as follows: Figure 7 As shown, when a 20kA direct lightning strike occurs above the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal lightning arrester 25 receives the lightning strike before the glass panel. The lightning strike breaks down the metal lightning arrester 25, and the lightning current flows through the metal current guide wire 22 to the metal current guide buckle 3. It then enters the grounding grid through the metal support frame 1 and the grounding wire 4 for discharge. This can efficiently conduct the direct lightning current received by the metal lightning arrester 25 to the grounding system. At the same time, the upper glass panel 21 and the lower glass panel 23 provide current isolation for the photovoltaic power generation panel 24, preventing impact on the monocrystalline silicon solar cells inside the photovoltaic power generation panel 24 and protecting them from direct lightning strike damage.

[0090] Based on the principle of equipotential bodies, the metal guiding wires 22, metal guiding clips 3, metal support frame 1, grounding wire 4, and earth together constitute a squirrel-cage-shaped equipotential body in the photovoltaic panel 2. Figure 8 As shown, when a 6kA induced lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the metal drain wire 22, the drain clip 3, and the metal support frame 1 form a metal cage effect. Through the grounding wire 4, the grounding grid system is electrically connected, which can create an electrostatic balance between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the grounding grid. This protects the potential inside the photovoltaic panel 24 from rising, effectively avoiding the impact of induced lightning on the photovoltaic panel 24. It solves the problem of the lack of induced lightning protection in the existing lightning protection of the photovoltaic panel 2 and has a better lightning protection effect.

[0091] The aforementioned photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct and induced lightning strikes is the first to propose pre-embedded metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 in the surface glass plate. Compared with existing larger lightning rods, lightning strips, lightning nets and other structures, the metal lightning arresters 25 and metal guide wires 22 reduce the shading of solar radiation on the PN junction in the photovoltaic panel 24, improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2, and effectively avoid direct or induced lightning strikes.

[0092] The technical solution described in this utility model utilizes a metal lightning arrester 25 and a metal guiding wire 22 embedded in a glass plate to divert direct lightning energy to the ground, protecting the photovoltaic panel 2 from direct lightning strikes. Simultaneously, the grounding grid, the metal support frame 1, and the photovoltaic glass plate form an electrical connection, creating an equipotential body and enabling the photovoltaic panel 2 to protect against induced lightning strikes, thus better protecting the main body of the photovoltaic panel. This solution can be applied to lightning strike protection in photovoltaic power generation systems, primarily suitable for simultaneous protection against both direct and induced lightning strikes on the photovoltaic array side, and has promising application prospects.

[0093] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model should also fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes, characterized in that: The device includes a metal support frame and a photovoltaic panel installed therein. The photovoltaic panel comprises, from top to bottom, an upper glass plate, a current-guiding wire layer, a lower glass plate, and a photovoltaic power generation panel, which are sequentially attached and fixed. The upper glass plate of the photovoltaic panel has several mounting holes, each containing a metal lightning arrester. The lower end of the metal lightning arrester is connected to the current-guiding wire layer. The metal support frame has multiple current-guiding clips for fixing the photovoltaic panel, and these clips are connected to the current-guiding wire layer in the photovoltaic panel. The metal support frame also has a grounding connector.

2. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel is composed of numerous PN junctions. The electricity generated by each PN junction is collected through a current-conducting strip and finally flows to the positive and negative cables of the photovoltaic panel. The current-conducting strip does not cover the PN junction.

3. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel, including the upper glass plate, the guide wire layer, and the lower glass plate, is formed by an integral molding and pressing process. The thickness of the upper and lower glass plates is 1-5 mm. The guide wire layer includes flat metal guide wires, which are laid above the guide strips of the photovoltaic panel. The metal guide wires are 1-3 mm thick and their width is not greater than the width of the guide strips of the lower photovoltaic panel.

4. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal guide wire is made of multi-strand soft copper wire.

5. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal lightning arrester comprises an upper cone and a lower cylinder, integrally formed, wherein the outer side wall of the lower cylinder is provided with external threads, which pass through the mounting hole of the upper glass plate and are connected to the metal guide wire; the metal lightning arrester is disposed above the guide bar node in the photovoltaic power generation panel; The height of the upper cone in the metal lightning arrester exceeds the thickness of the upper glass plate by 3 to 20 mm; the diameter of the bottom circle of the upper cone is equal to the diameter of the lower cylinder by 2 to 8 mm, and the height of the lower cylinder is 1 to 5 mm.

6. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The metal lightning arrester is made of galvanized aluminum alloy or steel alloy.

7. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drainage clip includes a clip head and a clip base that can be inserted into each other, and the cross-sectional area of ​​each part of the drainage clip is not less than 4mm. 2 Several snap-fit ​​bottoms are fixedly installed on the four sides of the aforementioned metal support frame. The snap-fit ​​heads that are compatible with the snap-fit ​​bottoms are clamped to the edge of the photovoltaic panel and connected to the outer end of the metal guide wire.

8. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buckle base is fixed to the metal support frame by welding or bolting, and the effective contact area between the two is not less than 4mm. 2 The buckle head is fixed to the outer end of the metal guide wire by bolts; the effective contact area between the buckle head and the buckle bottom is not less than 6mm. 2 .

9. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding connector includes a grounding wire, which is fixed to the lower part of the metal support frame. The grounding wire is connected to the grounding electrode of the grounding grid, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding wire is not less than 6mm². 2 .

10. A photovoltaic module with dual protection against direct lightning strikes and induced lightning strikes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When facing a direct lightning strike, the metal lightning arrester, metal guide wire, guide clip, metal support frame, and grounding wire are sequentially guided to the ground; when facing an induced lightning strike, the metal guide wire, guide clip, and metal support frame form a metal cage effect.

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