Aluminum alloy slagging-off auxiliary device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy melt smelting and slagging-off tools, in particular to an aluminum alloy slagging-off auxiliary device, which is characterized in that two movable rake plates are rotatably connected to two sides of a fixed rake plate, so that the two movable rake plates can incline backwards, the two movable rake plates are gathered inwards, and the two movable rake plates can be separated from each other during slagging-off. The two movable harrow plates and the fixed harrow plate have a gathering effect on scum, the scum is prevented from flowing out from the side faces of the two movable harrow plates when the scum is skimmed backwards, the skimming effect of single-time skimming is improved, repeated skimming is avoided, the skimming working efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; an overflow hole is formed to prevent the movable rake plate from bringing out molten aluminum in the slagging-off process; the device is stable in structure, convenient to adjust and use, wide in application range, time-saving and labor-saving in use, capable of preventing molten aluminum from being brought out in the use process, capable of avoiding repeated slagging-off for multiple times and capable of guaranteeing the purity of aluminum alloy melt, and has popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of slag removal tools for aluminum alloy melt smelting, specifically an auxiliary device for aluminum alloy slag removal. Background Technology

[0002] In the aluminum alloy smelting process, to ensure the purity of the melt, a rake is generally used to remove the slag floating on the surface of the melt. Current technology typically uses a rake with a horizontal rake plate and a support rod fixedly connected to the back of the horizontal rake plate.

[0003] However, with existing technology, this type of rake often brings out some molten aluminum during the slag removal process, and the slag will flow out from the left and right sides of the horizontal rake plate, making it difficult to remove the slag completely. It often needs to be used repeatedly to complete the slag removal work, resulting in high labor intensity and low work efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device that can gather the floating slag on the surface of the melt, prevent the floating slag from flowing out from the left and right sides of the rake plate, and avoid bringing out the aluminum liquid during the slag removal process.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device comprising a fixed rake plate, a movable rake plate, a support rod, a sliding sleeve, and a connecting rod. Two movable rake plates are provided, rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the fixed rake plate respectively. The two movable rake plates are symmetrically arranged with the center plane of the fixed rake plate's width direction as the center. The support rod is fixedly connected to the rear wall of the fixed rake plate, with its axis located on the center plane of the fixed rake plate's width direction. The support rod is perpendicular to the fixed rake plate and is located on the upper part of the fixed rake plate. The sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the support rod. A connecting rod is rotatably connected between the sliding sleeve and the rear wall of each movable rake plate. Each connecting rod has its two ends rotatably connected to the rear wall of the movable rake plate and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the fixed rake plate has grooves on both its left and right side walls. There are two grooves on each side wall of the fixed rake plate, and the two grooves on each side are linearly arranged along the height direction of the fixed rake plate. The fixed rake plate on the top surface of the upper groove on each side has a screw hole, and the fixed rake plate between the two grooves on each side has a through hole I. The fixed rake plate on the bottom surface of the lower groove on each side has a blind hole. The screw hole, through hole I, and blind hole are coaxial. Each movable rake plate has a support I fixedly connected to its side wall facing the fixed rake plate. There are two supports I, and the two supports I are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate. Each support I has a through hole II, and the two through holes II are coaxial. The two supports I of each movable rake plate rotate in the two grooves on one side of the fixed rake plate. The screw hole, through hole I, blind hole, and through hole II are coaxial. A connecting pin is inserted into the screw hole, through hole I, blind hole, and through hole II.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner diameters of the through hole I, blind hole, and through hole II are the same, and the inner diameters of the through hole I, blind hole, and through hole II are less than the inner diameter of the screw hole. The connecting pin includes a cylindrical head, a stud, and a pin. The stud is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the cylindrical head, and the pin is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the stud. The cylindrical head, stud, and pin are coaxial. The outer diameter of the cylindrical head is greater than the outer diameter of the stud, which is greater than the outer diameter of the pin. The stud is threaded into the screw hole. The pin is inserted into the through hole II, through hole I, through hole II, and blind hole in sequence from top to bottom. The top of the cylindrical head is connected to the top surface of the fixed rake plate, and the center of the top surface of the cylindrical head is provided with an internal hexagonal groove.

[0008] Furthermore, each movable rake plate has two supports II fixedly connected to its rear sidewall. The two supports II are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate, and each support II has a through hole III, which are coaxial. The sliding sleeve includes a sliding tube slidably connected to the support rod. Two supports III are fixedly connected to the outer walls of both sides of the sliding tube. The two supports III on each sidewall of the sliding tube are linearly arranged along the height direction, and each support III on each sidewall of the sliding tube has a through hole IV, which are coaxial. Each connecting rod has a through hole V at both ends. One end of the connecting rod rotates between two supports II of a movable rake plate. The through hole V is coaxial with two through holes III of the two supports II of the movable rake plate. The through hole V is connected to the two through holes III by screws and nuts. The inner diameter of the through hole V is greater than the outer diameter of the screw. The end of the connecting rod away from the movable rake plate is rotatably connected between two supports III on one side wall of the sliding tube. The through hole V is coaxial with two through holes IV of the two supports III on one side wall of the sliding tube. The through hole V is connected to the two through holes IV by screws and nuts. The inner diameter of the through hole V is greater than the outer diameter of the screw.

[0009] Furthermore, the sliding sleeve includes a flange, which is coaxial with the sliding tube. The flange is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the sliding tube away from the fixed rake plate. The support rod passes through the sliding sleeve and is fixedly connected to a support plate. The support plate is located behind the flange. A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate. The rear end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate, and the front end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the flange.

[0010] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder is provided in multiple units, and the multiple hydraulic cylinders are evenly distributed around the axis of the support rod.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the movable rake plates is provided with multiple overflow holes at its lower part.

[0012] Furthermore, an upper stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate and the support rod, and the upper stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate and the top wall of the support rod.

[0013] Furthermore, a lower stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate and the support rod, and the lower stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate and the bottom wall of the support rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper stiffener is shaped like a right triangle; the lower stiffener is shaped like a right triangle.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The two movable rake plates, rotatably connected to both sides of the fixed rake plate, allow the two movable rake plates to tilt backward, thus converging inward. During slag removal, the two movable rake plates and the fixed rake plate effectively gather the slag, preventing it from flowing out from the sides of the movable rake plates during backward slag removal. This improves the slag removal efficiency of a single operation, avoids repeated slag removal, increases work efficiency, and reduces the labor intensity of workers. The tilt angle of the movable rake plates can be controlled by sliding the sliding sleeve back and forth. The overflow hole prevents the movable rake plates from carrying out molten aluminum during slag removal. This utility model has a stable structure, is easy to adjust and use, has a wide range of applications, saves time and effort, avoids carrying out molten aluminum during use, avoids repeated slag removal, improves work efficiency, and ensures the purity of the molten aluminum alloy. It has significant potential for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention when the two movable rakes are arranged horizontally;

[0017] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 AA section view;

[0018] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1BB section view;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the support I and the connecting rod of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the support III and the connecting rod of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the connection between the sliding sleeve and the support rod of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixed rake plate of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 8 This utility model Figure 7 CC section view;

[0024] Figure 9 This utility model Figure 7 DD sectional view;

[0025] Figure 10 This is a rear view of the structure of the movable rake plate of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 11 This utility model Figure 10 EE sectional view;

[0027] Figure 12 This utility model Figure 10 FF sectional view;

[0028] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding sleeve of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 14 This utility model Figure 13 GG cross-sectional view;

[0030] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting pin of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 17 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention when the two movable rake plates are arranged inward and tilted.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Fixed rake plate; 101. Groove; 102. Screw hole; 103. Through hole I; 104. Blind hole; 2. Movable rake plate; 201. Support I; 2011. Through hole II; 202. Support II; 2021. Through hole III; 203. Overflow hole; 3. Connecting pin; 301. Cylindrical head; 3011. Socket hexagonal groove; 302. Screw; 303. Pin; 4. Support rod; 5. Sliding sleeve; 501. Flange; 502. Sliding tube; 503. Support III; 5031. Through hole IV; 6. Connecting rod; 601. Through hole V; 7. Support plate; 8. Hydraulic cylinder; 9. Upper stiffener plate; 10. Lower stiffener plate. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figures 1-17 As shown, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device comprising a fixed rake plate 1, a movable rake plate 2, a support rod 4, a sliding sleeve 5, and a connecting rod 6. Two movable rake plates 2 are provided, rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the fixed rake plate 1 respectively. The two movable rake plates 2 are symmetrically arranged with the center plane of the fixed rake plate 1 in the width direction as the center. The support rod 4 is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate 1, with its axis located on the center plane of the fixed rake plate 1 in the width direction. The support rod 4 is perpendicular to the fixed rake plate 1 and is located on the upper part of the fixed rake plate 1. The sliding sleeve 5 is slidably connected to the support rod 4. A connecting rod 6 is rotatably connected between the sliding sleeve 5 and the rear side wall of each movable rake plate 2. Each connecting rod 6 has its two ends rotatably connected to the rear side wall of the movable rake plate 2 and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 5 respectively.

[0035] Furthermore, the fixed rake plate 1 has grooves 101 on both its left and right side walls. Two grooves 101 are provided on each side wall of the fixed rake plate 1. The two grooves 101 on each side are linearly arranged along the height direction of the fixed rake plate 1. A screw hole 102 is provided on the top surface of the upper groove 101 on each side of the fixed rake plate 1. A through hole I 103 is provided on the fixed rake plate 1 between the two grooves 101 on each side. A blind hole 104 is provided on the bottom surface of the lower groove 101 on each side of the fixed rake plate 1. The screw hole 102, through hole I 103, and blind hole 104 are coaxial. Each movable rake plate 2 is fixedly connected to a support I 201 on the side wall facing the fixed rake plate 1. There are two supports I 201, which are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate 2. Each of the two supports I 201 is provided with a through hole II 2011. The two through holes II 2011 are coaxial. The two supports I 201 of each movable rake plate 2 are respectively rotated in two grooves 101 on one side of the fixed rake plate 1. The screw hole 102, through hole I 103, blind hole 104 and through hole II 2011 are coaxial. A connecting pin 3 is inserted into the screw hole 102, through hole I 103, blind hole 104 and through hole II 2011.

[0036] Furthermore, the inner diameters of the through hole I 103, blind hole 104, and through hole II 2011 are the same, and the inner diameters of the through hole I 103, blind hole 104, and through hole II 2011 are less than the inner diameter of the screw hole 102. The connecting pin 3 includes a cylindrical head 301, a stud 302, and a pin 303. The stud 302 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the cylindrical head 301, and the pin 303 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the stud 302. The stud 302 and pin 303 are coaxial. The outer diameter of the cylindrical head 301 is greater than that of the stud 302 and the pin 303. The stud 302 is threaded into the screw hole 102. The pin 303 is inserted into the through hole II 2011, through hole I 103, through hole II 2011 and blind hole 104 from top to bottom. The cylindrical head 301 is abutted on the top surface of the fixed rake plate 1. The center of the top surface of the cylindrical head 301 is provided with an internal hexagonal groove 3011.

[0037] Furthermore, each movable rake plate 2 is fixedly connected to two supports II 202 on its rear side wall. The two supports II 202 are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate 2. Each of the two supports II 202 is provided with a through hole III 2021, and the two through holes III 2021 are coaxial. The sliding sleeve 5 includes a sliding tube 502, which is slidably connected to the support rod 4. Two supports III 503 are fixedly connected to the outer walls on both the left and right sides of the sliding tube 502. The two supports III 503 on each side wall of the sliding tube 502 are linearly arranged along the height direction. Each of the two supports III 503 on each side wall of the sliding tube 502 is provided with a through hole IV 5031, and the two through holes IV 5031 on each side wall of the sliding tube 502 are coaxial. Each connecting rod 6 has a through hole V601 at both ends. One end of the connecting rod 6 rotates between two supports II202 of a movable rake plate 2. The through hole V601 is coaxial with the two through holes III2021 of the two supports II202 of the movable rake plate 2. The through hole V601 and the two through holes III2021 are connected by screws and nuts. The inner diameter of the through hole V601 is greater than the outer diameter of the screw. The end of the connecting rod 6 away from the movable rake plate 2 is rotatably connected between two supports III503 on one side wall of the sliding tube 502. The through hole V601 is coaxial with the two through holes IV5031 of the two supports III503 on one side wall of the sliding tube 502. The through hole V601 and the two through holes IV5031 are connected by screws and nuts. The inner diameter of the through hole V601 is greater than the outer diameter of the screw.

[0038] This utility model utilizes the arrangement of two movable rake plates 2 rotatably connected to both sides of a fixed rake plate 1, allowing the two movable rake plates 2 to tilt backward, thereby forming a shape as shown in the figure. Figure 17The two movable rake plates 2 shown are arranged in an inward tilt. When the slag is removed, the two movable rake plates 2 and the fixed rake plate 1 have a gathering effect on the floating slag, thereby preventing the floating slag from flowing out from the sides of the two movable rake plates 2 when removing slag backward. This improves the slag removal effect of a single slag removal, avoids repeated slag removal, improves the efficiency of slag removal, and reduces the labor intensity of workers.

[0039] When adjusting the tilt angle of the movable rake plate 2, the tilt angle of the movable rake plate 2 can be adjusted by sliding the sliding sleeve 5. Figure 1 The horizontal arrangement of the two movable rake plates 2 shown is the position of the sliding sleeve 5 closest to the fixed rake plate. Figure 17 The inward tilting arrangement of the two movable rake plates 2 shown is the position after the sliding sleeve 5 slides backward and drives the movable rake plate 2 to tilt through the connecting rod 6.

[0040] Considering the sliding control and positioning of the sliding sleeve 5, the sliding sleeve 5 of this utility model includes a flange 501, which is coaxial with the sliding tube 502. The flange 501 is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the sliding tube 502 away from the fixed rake plate 1. The support rod 4 passes through the sliding sleeve 5 and is fixedly connected to a support plate 7. The support plate 7 is located behind the flange 501. A hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate 7. The rear end of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate 7, and the front end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the flange 501. There are multiple hydraulic cylinders 8, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the support rod 4. In this embodiment, two hydraulic cylinders 8 are provided.

[0041] This invention controls the sliding of the sliding sleeve 5 by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinder 8, thereby controlling the tilt angle of the movable rake plate 2 and simultaneously positioning the tilt angles of the sliding sleeve 5 and the movable rake plate 2.

[0042] In actual use, depending on the working environment, hydraulic cylinder 8 can also be replaced by pneumatic cylinder or electric push rod.

[0043] Each movable rake plate 2 has multiple overflow holes 203 at its lower part.

[0044] The overflow hole 203 is designed to prevent the moving rake plate 2 from carrying out the molten aluminum during the slag removal process.

[0045] An upper stiffening plate 9 is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate 1 and the support rod 4. The upper stiffening plate 9 is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate 1 and the top wall of the support rod 4. A lower stiffening plate 10 is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate 1 and the support rod 4. The lower stiffening plate 10 is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate 1 and the bottom wall of the support rod 4. The upper stiffening plate 9 is a right-angled triangle. The lower stiffening plate 10 is a right-angled triangle.

[0046] The upper stiffening plate 9 and the lower stiffening plate 10 ensure the structural stability between the fixed rake plate 1 and the support rod 4.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device, characterized in that: It includes a fixed rake plate (1), a movable rake plate (2), a support rod (4), a sliding sleeve (5), and a connecting rod (6). There are two movable rake plates (2), which are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the fixed rake plate (1). The two movable rake plates (2) are symmetrically arranged with the center plane of the width direction of the fixed rake plate (1) as the center. The support rod (4) is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate (1). The axis of the support rod (4) is located on the center plane of the width direction of the fixed rake plate (1). The support rod (4) is perpendicular to the fixed rake plate (1) and is located on the upper part of the fixed rake plate (1). The sliding sleeve (5) is slidably connected to the support rod (4). A connecting rod (6) is rotatably connected between the sliding sleeve (5) and the rear side wall of each movable rake plate (2). The two ends of each connecting rod (6) are rotatably connected to the rear side wall of the movable rake plate (2) and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (5), respectively.

2. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed rake plate (1) is provided with grooves (101) on both the left and right side walls. There are two grooves (101) on each side wall of the fixed rake plate (1). The two grooves (101) on each side are linearly arranged along the height direction of the fixed rake plate (1). The fixed rake plate (1) on the top surface of the upper groove (101) of the two grooves (101) on each side is provided with a screw hole (102). The fixed rake plate (1) between the two grooves (101) on each side is provided with a through hole I (103). The fixed rake plate (1) on the bottom surface of the lower groove (101) of the two grooves (101) on each side is provided with a blind hole (104). The screw hole (102), through hole I (103) and blind hole (104) are coaxial. Each movable Support I (201) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rake plate (2) facing the fixed rake plate (1). There are two supports I (201), which are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate (2). Both supports I (201) are provided with through holes II (2011). The two through holes II (2011) are coaxial. The two supports I (201) of each movable rake plate (2) rotate in two grooves (101) on one side of the fixed rake plate (1). The screw hole (102), through hole I (103), blind hole (104) and through hole II (2011) are coaxial. A connecting pin (3) is inserted into the screw hole (102), through hole I (103), blind hole (104) and through hole II (2011).

3. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner diameters of the through hole I (103), blind hole (104), and through hole II (2011) are the same, and the inner diameters of the through hole I (103), blind hole (104), and through hole II (2011) are less than the inner diameter of the screw hole (102). The connecting pin (3) includes a cylindrical head (301), a stud (302), and a pin (303). The stud (302) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the cylindrical head (301), and the pin (303) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the stud (302). The cylindrical head (301) and the stud... (302) and pin (303) are coaxial. The outer diameter of the cylindrical head (301) is greater than that of the stud (302) and the outer diameter of the pin (303). The stud (302) is threaded into the screw hole (102). The pin (303) is inserted into the through hole II (2011), through hole I (103), through hole II (2011) and blind hole (104) from top to bottom. The cylindrical head (301) is abutted on the top surface of the fixed rake plate (1). The center of the top surface of the cylindrical head (301) is provided with an internal hexagonal groove (3011).

4. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each movable rake plate (2) is fixedly connected to two supports II (202) on its rear side wall. The two supports II (202) are linearly arranged along the height direction of the movable rake plate (2). Each of the two supports II (202) is provided with a through hole III (2021), and the two through holes III (2021) are coaxial. The sliding sleeve (5) includes a sliding tube (502), which is slidably connected to the support rod (4). Two supports III (503) are fixedly connected to the outer walls on both the left and right sides of the sliding tube (502). The two supports III (503) on each side wall of the sliding tube (502) are linearly arranged along the height direction. Each of the two supports III (503) on each side wall of the sliding tube (502) is provided with a through hole IV (5031), and the two through holes IV (5031) on each side wall of the sliding tube (502) are coaxial. The connecting rod (6) has through holes V (601) at both ends; one end of the connecting rod (6) rotates between two supports II (202) of a movable rake plate (2), and the through hole V (601) is coaxial with the two through holes III (2021) of the two supports II (202) of the movable rake plate (2). The through hole V (601) and the two through holes III (2021) are connected by screws and nuts, and the inner diameter of the through hole V (601) is greater than that of the screw. Outer diameter; the end of the connecting rod (6) away from the movable rake plate (2) is rotatably connected between two supports III (503) on one side wall of the sliding tube (502). The through hole V (601) is coaxial with the two through holes IV (5031) of the two supports III (503) on one side wall of the sliding tube (502). The through hole V (601) and the two through holes IV (5031) are connected by screws and nuts. The inner diameter of the through hole V (601) is greater than the outer diameter of the screw.

5. An aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The sliding sleeve (5) includes a flange (501), which is coaxial with the sliding tube (502). The flange (501) is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the sliding tube (502) away from the fixed rake plate (1). The support rod (4) passes through the sliding sleeve (5) and is fixedly connected to a support plate (7). The support plate (7) is located behind the flange (501). A hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate (7). The rear end of the hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixedly connected to the front side wall of the support plate (7), and the front end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixedly connected to the rear side wall of the flange (501).

6. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinders (8) are provided in multiple ways, and the multiple hydraulic cylinders (8) are evenly distributed around the axis of the support rod (4).

7. An aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, characterized in that: Each of the movable rake plates (2) is provided with multiple overflow holes (203) at the bottom.

8. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A top stiffener plate (9) is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate (1) and the support rod (4). The top stiffener plate (9) is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate (1) and the top wall of the support rod (4).

9. The aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A lower stiffener plate (10) is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate (1) and the support rod (4). The lower stiffener plate (10) is fixedly connected between the rear side wall of the fixed rake plate (1) and the bottom wall of the support rod (4).

10. An aluminum alloy slag removal auxiliary device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper stiffener (9) is a right triangle; the lower stiffener (10) is a right triangle.

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