A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of mineral flotation technology, and in particular relates to a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle, including a flotation column and a circulating sand pump, and a variable diameter mineralization pipe connecting the outlet of the flotation column and the circulating sand pump. The variable diameter mineralization pipe includes a premixing section fixedly connected to the outlet section of the circulating sand pump, a mineralization section fixedly connected to the end of the premixing section via a contraction cone section, and a buffer section fixedly connected to the end of the mineralization section via an expansion cone section. An annular air distributor is provided in the middle of the premixing section, including an annular cavity and circumferentially uniformly distributed micropores. An adjustable injection mechanism is provided at the outer end of the mineralization section, which automatically draws in reagents and injects them into the slurry using the negative pressure zone in the mineralization section. The buffer section is equipped with a dual-point reflux system, and the external circulation reflux pipe connects the buffer section and the contraction cone section. This device effectively avoids clogging problems and improves the contact efficiency between bubbles and minerals by combining the pressure gradient generated by Bernoulli's principle with circulation enhancement, thereby improving the mineralization effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mineral flotation technology, and in particular relates to a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing scarcity of mineral resources and the continuous improvement of mineral processing technology requirements, traditional flotation processes are facing problems such as low mineralization efficiency and low reagent utilization. In the flotation process, mineralization is a key link, and its effect directly affects flotation indicators and economic benefits.

[0003] Traditional flotation column mineralization devices typically employ microbubble generators to mineralize the slurry, using micropores to generate tiny bubbles that come into contact with the minerals. However, this method has the following technical limitations: the micropores of the microbubble generator are easily clogged by fine mud and impurities in the slurry, leading to a sharp decrease in bubble generation and the inability to generate bubbles normally in certain areas, severely affecting the uniformity and stability of the mineralization effect. Furthermore, because the microbubble generator operates in the slurry for extended periods, it is subjected to impact and abrasion from solid particles in the slurry, causing internal components such as nozzles and micropore tubes to wear down easily.

[0004] In traditional microbubble generators, the contact between bubbles and minerals mainly relies on natural Brownian motion and gravitational sedimentation processes, lacking an effective enhanced mixing mechanism. The hydration film on the surface of mineral particles is not sufficiently removed, and the effective collision probability between bubbles and minerals is low, resulting in an insufficient mineralization process and poor mineralization effect. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this utility model provides a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle, which can effectively avoid problems such as clogging and wear, while improving the contact efficiency between bubbles and minerals, and further improving the mineralization effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle includes a flotation column and a circulating sand pump, and also includes a variable diameter mineralization pipe connecting the outlet of the flotation column and the circulating sand pump. The variable diameter mineralization pipe includes a premixing section fixedly connected to the outlet section of the circulating sand pump. The end of the premixing section is fixedly connected to a mineralization section via a contraction cone section, and the end of the mineralization section is fixedly connected to a buffer section via an expansion cone section.

[0008] It also includes an annular air distributor located in the middle of the premixing section, and an adjustable injection mechanism at the outer end of the mineralization section. The adjustable injection mechanism automatically draws in the reagent and injects it into the slurry using the negative pressure zone in the mineralization section.

[0009] The buffer section is equipped with a dual-point reflux system, which includes an external circulation reflux pipe and an internal circulation pipe. The external circulation reflux pipe connects the expansion cone section and the contraction cone section, and the internal circulation pipe connects the middle part of the buffer section and the beginning end of the buffer section.

[0010] Optionally, the axial ends of the annular air distributor are fixedly connected to the premixing section via flanges. The annular air distributor includes an annular cavity fixedly connected to the premixing section. The inner wall of the annular cavity is provided with a number of circumferentially uniformly distributed microholes. The axis of the microholes forms an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction. The annular cavity is connected to the gas supply system via a tangential air inlet pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the cone angle of the contraction cone section is 15°-25°, the cone angle of the expansion cone section is 8°-15°, and the cone section and the straight pipe section are connected by a circular arc transition.

[0012] Optionally, the adjustable injection mechanism includes a lower ball joint seat fixedly connected to the outer end of the mineralization section, with a ball embedded in the lower ball joint seat and an upper ball joint seat embedded at the outer end of the ball. The lower ball joint seat and the upper ball joint seat are fixedly connected by fastening bolts, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the ball.

[0013] Optionally, both the lower ball joint seat and the inner wall of the ball are provided with sealing grooves, and sealing rings are provided in the sealing grooves. A dosing tube is fixedly connected to the top of the ball. Rectangular grooves are provided at the bottom of the lower ball joint seat and the top of the upper ball joint seat.

[0014] Optionally, the inner wall of the contraction cone section is fixedly connected with several circumferentially evenly distributed straight airfoil guide vanes, and the end of the buffer section is fixedly connected with a gradually expanding joint. The gradually expanding joint is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flotation column, and the expansion angle of the gradually expanding joint is less than °.

[0015] Optionally, the bottom of the flotation column is connected to the inlet pipe of the circulating sand pump through a pipeline to form a closed-loop circulation structure. The top of the flotation column is fixedly connected to a concentrate collection frame, and the bottom of the flotation column is fixedly connected to a tailings discharge port.

[0016] This utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention generates a pressure gradient through a variable-diameter mineralization pipe, creating a negative pressure zone in the mineralization section for automatic reagent intake without external power. The annular air distributor employs a pipe-wall microporous design, avoiding the clogging problem of traditional immersion microporous systems and achieving uniform gas premixing. The adjustable injection mechanism can adjust the mixing mode according to different working conditions, exhibiting strong adaptability. Through the synergistic effect of multiple technical features, the device avoids the clogging problem of traditional microbubble generators, improves the contact efficiency between bubbles and minerals, and thus enhances the mineralization effect. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is an overall structural diagram of a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a partial view of a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view of a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0022] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point C;

[0023] Figure 6 This utility model Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0024] Figure 7 This utility model Figure 6 Enlarged view of a section at point D;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the adjustable injection mechanism of this utility model;

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Flotation column; 2. Circulating sand pump; 3. Premixing section; 4. Shrinking cone section; 5. Mineralization section; 6. Expanding cone section; 7. Buffer section; 8. Annular air distributor; 801. Annular cavity; 802. Micropore; 9. Adjustable injection mechanism; 901. Lower ball joint seat; 902. Sphere; 903. Upper ball joint seat; 904. Through hole; 905. Sealing ring; 906. Dosing pipe; 907. Rectangular trough; 10. External circulation return pipe; 11. Internal circulation pipe; 13. Tangential air inlet pipe; 14. Straight-blade guide vane; 15. Gradually expanding joint; 16. Concentrate collection frame; 17. Tailings discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example

[0030] Bernoulli's principle is a fundamental law of fluid mechanics. It states that in a steady-flowing, incompressible fluid, the total mechanical energy of the fluid remains constant, meaning that the sum of the fluid's kinetic energy, potential energy, and pressure energy is constant. Specifically, when the fluid velocity increases, its pressure decreases accordingly; when the velocity decreases, the pressure increases accordingly.

[0031] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle includes a flotation column 1 and a circulating sand pump 2, and also includes a variable-diameter mineralization pipe connecting the outlet of the flotation column 1 and the circulating sand pump 2. Starting from the outlet section of the circulating sand pump 2, the variable-diameter mineralization pipe includes a premixing section 3 fixedly connected to the outlet section of the circulating sand pump 2. The end of the premixing section 3 is fixedly connected to a mineralization section 5 via a contraction cone section 4, and the end of the mineralization section 5 is fixedly connected to a buffer section 7 via an expansion cone section 6. The premixing section 3 achieves preliminary gas-liquid mixing, laying the foundation for subsequent processing. The contraction cone section 4 utilizes Bernoulli's principle to accelerate the fluid and generate negative pressure. When the slurry flows through the contraction cone section 4, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe decreases. According to the law of conservation of mass, the fluid must accelerate to maintain a constant flow rate. According to Bernoulli's principle, the increase in flow velocity leads to a decrease in pressure, forming a negative pressure zone in the mineralization section 5. This negative pressure zone not only provides the driving force for the automatic absorption of reagents, but also achieves the refinement of bubbles and the effective stripping of the hydration film on the mineral surface under high shear velocity conditions. The expansion cone section 6 decelerates the fluid and increases the pressure by gradually increasing the cross-sectional area, providing a suitable flow environment for the stability of the mineralization products. The buffer section 7 regulates the flow rate and distributes the fluid in a circulation manner.

[0032] The cone angle of the contraction cone section 4 is set at 15°-25°. This angle range can effectively accelerate the fluid to generate sufficient negative pressure while avoiding excessive pressure loss and flow separation. The cone angle of the expansion cone section 6 is set at 8°-15°. The smaller cone angle compared to the contraction section ensures the smooth deceleration of the fluid and avoids eddies and pressure fluctuations caused by rapid expansion, which is beneficial to the stability of the mineralized body. The purpose of using a circular arc transition connection between the cone section and the straight pipe section is to eliminate abrupt interface, make the fluid transition smoothly, and reduce energy loss and local turbulence.

[0033] like Figure 3 and Figures 6-7As shown, an annular air distributor 8 is provided in the middle of the premixing section 3. The two axial ends of the annular air distributor 8 are fixedly connected to the premixing section 3 through flanges. The annular air distributor 8 includes an annular cavity 801 fixedly connected to the premixing section 3. The inner wall of the annular cavity 801 is provided with a number of circumferentially uniformly distributed microholes 802. The axis of the microholes 802 forms an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction and is inclined downstream. The 30°-45° inclination angle makes the gas injection have a certain axial component, which is conducive to the gas flowing along the pipeline direction and avoids the gas from accumulating at the injection point. At the same time, this angle can also generate a certain radial component, promote the gas to diffuse towards the center of the pipeline, and achieve more uniform gas-liquid mixing. It avoids the excessively strong gas jet that may be caused by 90° vertical injection, and also avoids the poor injection effect caused by too small an angle.

[0034] The annular cavity 801 is connected to the gas supply system through the tangential air inlet pipe 13. The advantage of tangential air inlet is that the gas forms an annular flow after entering the annular cavity, and the pressure distribution is more uniform, ensuring that the gas output of each micropore is basically the same. The micropores 802 are set on the pipe wall, and gas is actively injected into them by pressure, so that the slurry particles cannot come into contact with the micropores 802. The pressure flow of gas from the outside to the inside further prevents particles from entering the micropores 802.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, several circumferentially evenly distributed guide vanes 14 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the contraction cone section 4. The guide vanes 14 adopt a straight airfoil design. Their function is to optimize the flow distribution in the contraction cone section, reduce eddies and boundary layer separation, and provide better guidance for the slurry injection of the external circulation return pipe 10, so that the return slurry can be smoothly integrated into the mainstream, reduce flow resistance, and improve the overall flow efficiency.

[0036] like Figures 4-5 and Figure 8 As shown, an adjustable injection mechanism 9 is provided at the outer end of the mineralization section 5. The adjustable injection mechanism 9 automatically draws in the reagent and injects it into the slurry using the negative pressure zone in the mineralization section 5. The amount of reagent added is automatically adjusted according to the magnitude of the negative pressure. The reagent mixes quickly with the slurry under the action of negative pressure, which improves the mixing efficiency.

[0037] The adjustable injection mechanism 9 includes a lower ball joint seat 901 fixedly connected to the outer end of the mineralization section 5. A ball 902 is embedded in the lower ball joint seat 901, and an upper ball joint seat 903 is embedded at the outer end of the ball 902. The technical effect of this ball joint design is that it can realize the all-round adjustment of the injection angle of the agent to adapt to different working conditions. The bottom surface of the lower ball joint seat 901 is flush with the inner wall of the mineralization section 5 and does not protrude into the pipe to avoid obstructing the main flow. A through hole 904 is opened in the middle of the ball 902. The axis of the through hole can be adjusted by the ball joint to realize precise control of the injection direction of the agent.

[0038] Both the lower ball joint 901 and the ball 902 have sealing grooves on their inner walls, and sealing rings 905 are installed in the sealing grooves to ensure the sealing performance of the connection and prevent chemical leakage and the entry of external impurities. The top of the ball 902 is fixedly connected to the dosing pipe 906, which delivers the chemical into the mainstream area at an appropriate angle to achieve thorough mixing. The bottom of the lower ball joint 901 and the top of the upper ball joint 903 are both provided with rectangular grooves 907. The rectangular grooves 907 facilitate the angle adjustment of the dosing pipe 906. Small-angle injection allows the chemical to be injected tangentially along the pipe wall, forming a spiral mixture, which is suitable for chemical agents with high viscosity. The mixing distance is long but more thorough. Medium-angle injection allows the chemical to be injected obliquely into the mainstream, balancing the penetration depth and mixing effect, which is suitable for most conventional chemical agents. Large-angle injection allows the chemical to be injected radially directly into the center of the pipe, with strong penetration, which is suitable for chemical agents that require rapid dispersion.

[0039] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the buffer section 7 is equipped with a dual-point reflux system, which includes an external circulation reflux pipe 10 and an internal circulation pipe 11. The external circulation reflux pipe 10 connects the expansion cone section 6 and the contraction cone section 4. The pressure in the buffer section 7 is higher than the pressure in the contraction cone section 4. This pressure difference is sufficient to drive part of the slurry to flow back to the contraction cone section 4 through the external circulation reflux pipe 10 for reprocessing, providing a secondary processing opportunity for part of the slurry and increasing the average residence time of the slurry in the entire system. The slurry is reprocessed through external circulation.

[0040] The inner circulation pipe 11 connects the middle part of the buffer section 7 with the beginning end of the buffer section 7, forming a local circulation within the buffer section. The axial pressure gradient within the buffer section 7 causes some of the slurry to circulate within the buffer section, prolonging the residence time of the slurry within the buffer section 7 and providing more opportunities for contact and bonding between bubbles and minerals. It also enhances turbulent mixing within the buffer section, promotes further dispersion of the reagents, improves the flow field distribution within the buffer section, avoids dead zones in the flow, and ensures the full progress of the mineralization reaction.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the end of the buffer section 7 is fixedly connected to a gradually expanding joint 15, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flotation column 1. The expansion angle of the gradually expanding joint 15 is less than 7°. If the expansion angle is too large, it will cause flow separation and eddies, affecting the stability of the mineralized body. The slow expansion of less than 7° can smoothly reduce the flow rate and create good flow conditions for the flotation separation of the flotation column. At the same time, it provides a standardized connection interface, which is convenient to connect with flotation columns of different specifications.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the flotation column 1 is connected to the inlet pipe of the circulating sand pump 2 via a pipeline, forming a closed-loop circulation structure. A concentrate collection frame 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the flotation column 1 to collect the concentrate foam generated during flotation. A tailings discharge port 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the flotation column 1 for discharging tailings. This closed-loop circulation enables the reprocessing of insufficiently mineralized materials, improving the overall recovery rate; reduces the consumption of fresh water and reagents, lowering operating costs; and forms a complete mineral processing chain, improving the system's automation level.

[0043] When in use, start the circulating sand pump 2, and the slurry is drawn from the bottom of the flotation column 1 into the premixing section 3. At the same time, start the air compressor, and the compressed air is injected evenly through the annular air distributor 8 to achieve preliminary gas-liquid mixing in the premixing section 3, creating conditions for subsequent enhanced treatment.

[0044] The mixture enters the contraction cone section 4, where the flow becomes more uniform under the guidance of the guide vane 14, avoiding the formation of dead zones. At the same time, the slurry returned by the external circulation return pipe 10 is re-injected here. This slurry undergoes recirculation treatment, which improves the degree of mineralization. The function of the contraction section is to accelerate the fluid and reduce the pressure by utilizing Bernoulli's principle.

[0045] When the mixture enters the mineralization section 5, the flow rate increases significantly and the pressure decreases significantly due to Bernoulli's principle, forming a negative pressure zone. The negative pressure automatically draws in the reagent from the adjustable injection mechanism 9, achieving precise reagent dosing. Within the mineralization section 5, high-speed shear force breaks large bubbles into fine bubbles, while simultaneously peeling off the hydration film on the mineral surface, enhancing the hydrophobicity of the mineral and achieving efficient mineralization.

[0046] As the mixture enters the expansion cone section 6, the flow rate gradually decreases and the pressure rises, providing a relatively stable environment for the stable bonding of the mineralized body. The bubbles and minerals combine in an orderly manner under moderate flow conditions, ensuring the quality of mineralization and avoiding excessive shearing that could damage the already formed mineralized body.

[0047] Finally, the mineralized products enter the buffer section 7. The fully mineralized products directly enter the flotation column 1 through the diffuser joint 15 for final separation. In the flotation column 1, the mineralized products undergo flotation separation. The concentrate is collected through the concentrate collection frame 16, and the tailings are discharged through the tailings discharge port 17. The incompletely processed materials re-enter the recycling system, forming a complete closed-loop recycling process.

[0048] Through the pressure gradient driven by Bernoulli's principle and the synergistic effect of multiple internal structural optimizations, this device can effectively avoid the clogging problem of traditional microbubble generators, improve the contact efficiency between bubbles and minerals, achieve efficient and stable mineralization treatment, thereby improving the mineralization effect and showing good prospects for industrial application.

[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle, comprising a flotation column (1) and a circulating sand pump (2), characterized in that: It also includes a variable diameter mineralization pipe connecting the outlet of the flotation column (1) and the circulating sand pump (2). The variable diameter mineralization pipe includes a premixing section (3) fixedly connected to the outlet section of the circulating sand pump (2). The end of the premixing section (3) is fixedly connected to a mineralization section (5) via a contraction cone section (4). The end of the mineralization section (5) is fixedly connected to a buffer section (7) via an expansion cone section (6). It also includes an annular air distributor (8) located in the middle of the premixing section (3), and an adjustable injection mechanism (9) provided at the outer end of the mineralization section (5). The adjustable injection mechanism (9) automatically draws in the reagent and injects it into the slurry using the negative pressure zone in the mineralization section (5). The buffer section (7) is equipped with a dual-point reflux system, which includes an external circulation reflux pipe (10) and an internal circulation pipe (11). The external circulation reflux pipe (10) connects the expansion cone section (6) and the contraction cone section (4), and the internal circulation pipe (11) connects the middle part of the buffer section (7) and the beginning end of the buffer section (7).

2. The mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial ends of the annular air distributor (8) are fixedly connected to the premixing section (3) via flanges. The annular air distributor (8) includes an annular cavity (801) fixedly connected to the premixing section (3). The inner wall of the annular cavity (801) is provided with a number of circumferentially uniformly distributed microholes (802). The axis of the microholes (802) forms an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction. The annular cavity (801) is connected to the gas supply system via a tangential air inlet pipe (13).

3. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cone angle of the contraction cone section (4) is 15°-25°, the cone angle of the expansion cone section (6) is 8°-15°, and the cone section and the straight pipe section are connected by a circular arc transition.

4. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable injection mechanism (9) includes a lower ball joint seat (901) fixedly connected to the outer end of the mineralization section (5). The lower ball joint seat (901) has a ball (902) embedded inside it. The outer end of the ball (902) is fitted with an upper ball joint seat (903). The lower ball joint seat (901) and the upper ball joint seat (903) are fixedly connected by fastening bolts. A through hole (904) is opened in the middle of the ball (902).

5. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls of the lower ball joint seat (901) and the ball (902) are provided with sealing grooves, and sealing rings (905) are provided in the sealing grooves. A dosing tube (906) is fixedly connected to the top of the ball (902). Rectangular grooves (907) are provided at the bottom of the lower ball joint seat (901) and the top of the upper ball joint seat (903).

6. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the contraction cone section (4) is fixedly connected with several circumferentially evenly distributed straight airfoil-shaped guide vanes (14), and the end of the buffer section (7) is fixedly connected with a gradually expanding joint (15). The gradually expanding joint (15) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flotation column (1), and the expansion angle of the gradually expanding joint (15) is less than 7°.

7. A mineralization device based on Bernoulli's principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the flotation column (1) is connected to the inlet pipe of the circulating sand pump (2) through a pipe to form a closed-loop circulation structure. The top of the flotation column (1) is fixedly connected to a concentrate collection frame (16), and the bottom of the flotation column (1) is fixedly connected to a tailings discharge port (17).

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