An exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels

Abstract

This utility model discloses an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels, relating to the field of ventilation technology for hydraulic engineering tunnels. It includes: an intake tunnel mechanism, an operating platform, an exhaust ventilation pipe, a non-powered ventilation mechanism, and a retaining structure. The exhaust ventilation pipe is buried in the slope at the top of the intake tunnel, with one end passing through the top arch lining and connecting to the intake tunnel. The outlet end protrudes from the middle of the operating platform. The non-powered ventilation mechanism includes a non-powered hood, supporting rods, and a rain cover. The non-powered hood is connected to the outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe and can rotate under the influence of natural wind and / or the thermal convection caused by the temperature difference between inside and outside, thereby utilizing centrifugal force and negative pressure to expel stale air from the intake tunnel. The retaining structure is located around the outer perimeter of the operating platform to isolate the exhaust ventilation pipe. This utility model has a simple structure, high cost-effectiveness, and is environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ventilation technology for water conservancy engineering tunnels, and in particular to an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy projects, hydraulic tunnels often employ an open-pipe layout. When used as maintenance passages, the enclosed environment hinders air circulation, easily leading to the accumulation of harmful gases or oxygen deficiency, seriously threatening the safety of maintenance personnel. Existing related technologies suffer from a series of problems:

[0003] Regarding natural ventilation: Traditional exhaust vents are mostly straight pipe structures, relying mainly on natural wind pressure for air exchange. However, their airflow path is singular and significantly affected by external environmental factors (such as wind speed fluctuations and temperature changes), resulting in extremely low exhaust ventilation efficiency, making it difficult for air to circulate effectively within the tunnel and deteriorating air quality.

[0004] Regarding traditional exhaust ventilation ducts: Traditional tunnel exhaust ventilation ducts mostly use direct burial or simple sleeve connections, and the exhaust ventilation holes lack effective protective measures. In actual operation, they are easily blocked by gravel, silt, or even animals, posing significant safety hazards and affecting ventilation efficiency.

[0005] Regarding active ventilation: Although mechanical ventilation systems can achieve relatively effective ventilation, they have many drawbacks, including high equipment investment costs, high energy consumption during operation, occupation of tunnel space, and high maintenance costs in the later stages, which bring a significant economic burden to the project. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The structure is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0008] This utility model provides an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels, comprising: a water intake tunnel mechanism, an operating platform, an exhaust ventilation pipe, a non-powered ventilation mechanism, and a retaining structure. The water intake tunnel mechanism includes a water intake tunnel, a top arch lining, a hydraulic steel pipe, and concrete supports. The hydraulic steel pipe is fixed inside the water intake tunnel by the concrete supports. The top arch lining is located at the top of the water intake tunnel. The operating platform is located on the surface of the slope and is horizontally positioned. The exhaust ventilation pipe is embedded in the slope at the top of the water intake tunnel and has an inlet end and an outlet end arranged opposite to each other. The inlet end passes through the top arch lining and... The air outlet protrudes from the middle of the operating platform and is connected to the water intake tunnel. The non-powered ventilation mechanism includes a non-powered hood, supporting rods, and a rain cover. The non-powered hood is fixedly connected to the air outlet of the exhaust ventilation pipe. The non-powered hood can rotate under the action of natural wind and / or air thermal convection caused by the temperature difference between inside and outside, thereby using centrifugal force and negative pressure effect to expel stale air from the water intake tunnel. The rain cover is fixedly connected to the exhaust ventilation pipe through the supporting rods and is located above the non-powered hood. The enclosure mechanism is set on the outer periphery of the operating platform to isolate the exhaust ventilation pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the exhaust ventilation pipe comprises multiple steel standard sections, and each steel standard section is connected by threaded connections.

[0010] Preferably, the non-powered wind cap is a factory-finished structure, which includes a wind neck, a bearing, a bracket, and multiple arc-shaped blades. The wind neck is tightly connected to the air outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe, the outer periphery of the bearing is fixedly connected to the wind neck, the bracket is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing, and the multiple arc-shaped blades are fixedly connected to the bracket.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a plurality of first stiffening plates, the side of each first stiffening plate being welded and fixed to the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe and evenly arranged along the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe, and the top surface of each first stiffening plate being fixedly connected to the bottom of the air neck.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a concrete anchor block, the operating platform is a reinforced concrete structure, the operating platform has an anchor hole in the middle, the exhaust ventilation pipe passes through the anchor hole, and the concrete anchor block is formed by pouring concrete in the anchor hole and wrapping the exhaust ventilation pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier protruding upward from the operating platform gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier protruding downward from the operating platform gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a first stiffening ring, a second stiffening plate, a second stiffening ring, and a third stiffening plate. The second stiffening plate is welded and fixed to the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe located inside the concrete pier. The first stiffening ring is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe and welded and fixed to each of the second stiffening plates. The third stiffening plate is welded and fixed to the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe located inside the top arch lining. The second stiffening ring is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe and welded and fixed to each of the third stiffening plates.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar and a second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar, wherein the first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar is disposed in the concrete pier and passes through the first stiffening ring, and the second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar is disposed in the top arch lining and passes through the second stiffening ring.

[0016] Preferably, the enclosure includes a hedge wall arranged circumferentially along the operating platform.

[0017] Preferably, the enclosure structure further includes a concrete foundation beam, which is located on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope. The slope on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope has a platform slope, and a drainage ditch is formed between the platform slope and the concrete foundation beam. The hedge on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope is installed on the concrete foundation beam.

[0018] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0019] This invention provides an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels, forming a complete and rational exhaust ventilation system for such tunnels. The intake tunnel mechanism provides a stable air source for the entire ventilation system. The arch lining ensures the structural integrity and safety, while the hydraulic steel pipes and concrete supports each fulfill their respective functions to ensure the normal operation of the intake tunnel. The operating platform provides stable support and operating space for the ground facilities of the entire ventilation system. The exhaust ventilation pipe connects the intake tunnel to the outside, creating an air circulation channel. The non-powered ventilation mechanism effectively utilizes natural energy to actively ventilate and expel polluted air from the tunnel. The enclosure structure protects and isolates the exhaust ventilation pipe, making the entire ventilation structure safer, more stable, and more efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels provided by this utility model;

[0022] In the diagram: 10. Non-powered wind cap; 11. Support rod; 12. Rain cover; 20. Exhaust ventilation pipe; 21. First stiffening plate; 22. First stiffening ring; 23. Second stiffening plate; 24. Second stiffening ring; 25. Third stiffening plate; 26. First double-layer bidirectional reinforcing steel bar; 27. Second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing steel bar; 30. Operating platform; 31. Concrete anchor; 32. Concrete foundation; 33. Green hedge; 34. Platform slope; 40. Water intake tunnel; 41. Top arch lining; 42. Hydraulic steel pipe; 43. Concrete support; 50. Slope. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] The purpose of this invention is to provide an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The structure is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly.

[0025] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] This utility model provides an exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels, such as... Figure 1As shown, the structure includes: a water intake tunnel mechanism, an operating platform 30, an exhaust ventilation pipe 20, a non-powered ventilation mechanism, and a retaining structure. The water intake tunnel mechanism includes a water intake tunnel 40, a top arch lining 41, a hydraulic steel pipe 42, and concrete supports 43. The hydraulic steel pipe 42 is fixed inside the water intake tunnel 40 by the concrete supports 43. The top arch lining 41 is located at the top of the water intake tunnel 40. The operating platform 30 is located on the surface of the slope 50 and is horizontally positioned. The exhaust ventilation pipe 20 is buried in the slope 50 at the top of the water intake tunnel 40. The exhaust ventilation pipe 20 has an inlet end and an outlet end that are arranged opposite each other. The inlet end passes through the top arch lining 41 and communicates with the water intake tunnel 40. The outlet end is located at the middle of the operating platform 30. The operating platform 30 protrudes; the non-powered ventilation mechanism includes a non-powered ventilator 10, supporting rods 11, and a rain cover 12. The non-powered ventilator 10 is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. The non-powered ventilator 10 can rotate under the action of natural wind force and / or air thermal convection caused by the temperature difference between inside and outside, thereby using centrifugal force and negative pressure effect to expel stale air from the intake tunnel 40. The rain cover 12 is fixedly connected to the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 through the supporting rods 11 and is located above the non-powered ventilator 10. The enclosure mechanism is set on the outer periphery of the operating platform 30 to isolate the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. This overall structural design forms a complete and reasonable exhaust ventilation system for long-distance hydraulic tunnels. The intake tunnel mechanism provides a stable air source for the entire ventilation system. The top arch lining 41 ensures the integrity and safety of the structure. The hydraulic steel pipe 42 and the concrete support pier 43 each perform their respective functions to ensure the normal functioning of the intake tunnel 40. The operating platform 30 provides stable support and operating space for the ground facilities of the entire ventilation system; the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 connects the water intake tunnel 40 to the outside world, forming an air circulation channel; the non-powered ventilation mechanism effectively utilizes natural energy to achieve active ventilation and exhaust of polluted air from the tunnel; the enclosure structure protects and isolates the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, making the entire ventilation structure safer, more stable, and more efficient.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 comprises multiple standard steel sections, which are connected by threaded connections. This method of connecting multiple standard steel sections with threaded connections facilitates the transportation and installation of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. Compared to integral pipes, standard steel sections are easier to load, unload, and transport, reducing transportation costs. The threaded connection method is simple to operate, allowing for quick and accurate pipe splicing during on-site construction, thus improving construction efficiency.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, a casing drill is used to create a hole on the slope 50. Drilling and casing installation are completed simultaneously. The casing is a standard steel section. Using a casing drill and completing both simultaneously, with the casing serving as the standard steel section, greatly simplifies the construction process. Traditional methods of separating hole creation and casing installation not only have a long construction cycle but also make deviations prone to occur during casing installation. This embodiment effectively ensures the quality and verticality of the drilling, guarantees accurate positioning of the standard steel section, reduces construction errors, and completes the key steps of hole creation and pipe installation in one step, improving construction efficiency and reducing construction costs and difficulty.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the non-powered wind cap 10 is a factory-finished structure. The non-powered wind cap 10 includes a wind neck, bearing, support, and multiple arc-shaped blades. The wind neck is tightly connected to the outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. The outer periphery of the bearing is fixedly connected to the wind neck, the support is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing, and the multiple arc-shaped blades are fixedly connected to the support. The factory-finished structure of the non-powered wind cap 10 ensures product quality stability and standardization. Its internal structural design allows the wind cap to rotate stably under natural wind force and / or air thermal convection. The tight connection between the wind neck and the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 ensures smooth airflow; the bearing and support provide a stable support structure for the wind cap's rotation, ensuring its stability and rotational performance; the multiple arc-shaped blades are aerodynamically designed to effectively utilize natural wind force and air thermal convection to drive the wind cap's rotation, thereby efficiently utilizing centrifugal force and negative pressure to quickly expel stale air from the water intake tunnel 40 without the need for electric drive, saving energy and operating costs.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes multiple first stiffening plates 21. The sides of each first stiffening plate 21 are welded and fixed to the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, and are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. The top surface of each first stiffening plate 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air neck. The arrangement of the first stiffening plates 21 enhances the structural strength of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. The even welding of the first stiffening plates 21 to the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 effectively improves the pipe's ability to resist external pressure and impact, especially preventing pipe deformation and damage under vibration generated by the rotation of the air cap and other external forces. Simultaneously, the fixed connection between the top surface of the first stiffening plate 21 and the bottom of the air neck further stabilizes the connection structure between the non-powered air cap 10 and the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, reducing the swaying and offset of the air cap during rotation, ensuring ventilation effect and system stability.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a concrete anchor 31. The operating platform 30 is a reinforced concrete structure, and an anchoring hole is provided in the middle of the operating platform 30. The exhaust ventilation pipe 20 passes through the anchoring hole. The concrete anchor 31 is formed by pouring concrete into the anchoring hole and encasing the exhaust ventilation pipe 20. The concrete anchor 31 enhances the anchoring strength of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, making the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 more securely fixed to the operating platform 30. The reinforced concrete operating platform 30 itself has a high load-bearing capacity. By pouring concrete into the anchoring hole to form the concrete anchor 31 and encasing the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, it can better resist the pulling and squeezing effects of external forces on the ventilation pipe, effectively preventing displacement and shaking of the ventilation pipe during long-term use, ensuring the safety and stability of the ventilation system, and reducing ventilation failures caused by loose ventilation pipes.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier 31 protruding upwards from the operating platform 30 gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier 31 protruding downwards from the operating platform 30 gradually decreases from top to bottom. This unique shape design not only enhances the stability of the concrete pier 31 itself but also allows for better integration with the operating platform 30 and the surrounding structure. The gradually decreasing cross-sectional area shape allows the pier to evenly distribute forces when subjected to external forces, reducing stress concentration and improving the pier's resistance to deformation and damage. Simultaneously, this shape design also facilitates drainage and reduces debris accumulation, preventing damage to the pier and ventilation pipes caused by water or debris buildup, further extending the service life of the ventilation system.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a first stiffening ring 22, a second stiffening plate 23, a second stiffening ring 24, and a third stiffening plate 25. The second stiffening plate 23 is welded and fixed to the outer side of the portion of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 located inside the concrete pier 31. The first stiffening ring 22 is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 and welded and fixed to each of the second stiffening plates 23. The third stiffening plate 25 is welded and fixed to the outer side of the portion of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 located inside the top arch lining 41. The second stiffening ring 24 is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 and welded and fixed to each of the third stiffening plates 25. By providing the second stiffening plate 23, the first stiffening ring 22, the third stiffening plate 25, and the second stiffening ring 24 at different key locations of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, the stability and reliability of the entire ventilation structure are further improved. A second stiffening plate 23 is installed on the outer side of the inner part of the concrete pier 31 and welded to the fitted first stiffening ring 22. This effectively enhances the compressive and deformation resistance of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 within the concrete pier 31, protecting the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 from the pressure of the pier and ensuring the structural safety of the ventilation pipe at this location. The welding and fixing of the first stiffening ring 22 and each of the second stiffening plates 23 forms a more integrated reinforced structure, improving the ventilation pipe's ability to resist external force damage in this area. Similarly, a third stiffening plate 25 is installed on the outer side of the inner part of the top arch lining 41, along with a second stiffening ring 24 welded to it. This strengthens the structural strength of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 within the top arch lining 41, reducing pressure damage to the ventilation pipe caused by the top arch lining 41, and ensuring the ventilation pipe maintains stable shape and performance at key points where it passes through the top arch lining 41. This multi-component collaborative reinforcement design comprehensively improves the stability of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 in the complex environment of long-distance hydraulic tunnels, reduces ventilation failures caused by structural deformation or damage, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the entire exhaust ventilation system.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the structure further includes a first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 26 and a second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 27. The first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 26 is disposed within the concrete pier 31 and passes through the first stiffening ring 22. The second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 27 is disposed within the top arch lining 41 and passes through the second stiffening ring 24. The arrangement of the first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 26 and the second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar 27 greatly improves the overall strength and seismic performance of the concrete pier 31 and the top arch lining 41. The double-layer bidirectional reinforcement arrangement can provide reinforcement to the concrete structure in different directions. Within the concrete pier 31, the first stiffening ring 22 further enhances the synergistic effect between the stiffening ring and the pier concrete, improving the anchoring and protection capability of the pier for the ventilation duct. Within the top arch lining 41, the second stiffening ring 24 enhances the load-bearing capacity of the top arch lining 41, preventing cracking and deformation of the top arch lining 41 due to the ventilation duct or other geological factors, thus effectively ensuring the long-term stable operation of the ventilation structure.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the enclosure structure includes a green hedge 33 arranged circumferentially along the operating platform 30. The green hedge 33 not only provides isolation and protection for the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 but also beautifies the surrounding environment. The green hedge 33, arranged circumferentially along the operating platform 30, forms a physical barrier, preventing unauthorized personnel or animals from approaching the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 and reducing the risk of accidental damage to the ventilation pipe. Simultaneously, the green hedge 33 has a certain greening and decorative effect, improving the environmental landscape around long-distance hydraulic tunnels and enhancing the overall aesthetics.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the retaining structure further includes a concrete foundation beam 32, which is positioned on the side of the operating platform 30 near the top of the slope 50. The slope 50 on the side of the operating platform 30 near the top of the slope 50 has a platform slope 34. A drainage ditch is formed between the platform slope 34 and the concrete foundation beam 32. A hedge 33 on the operating platform 30 near the top of the slope 50 is installed on the concrete foundation beam 32. The concrete foundation beam 32 provides a stable mounting base for the hedge 33, enhancing its stability. Simultaneously, the drainage ditch formed between the platform foundation beam and the platform slope 34 effectively collects and drains rainwater and accumulated water from the slope 50, preventing rainwater from directly eroding the operating platform 30 and the exhaust ventilation pipe 20, reducing the risk of damage to the ventilation system and operating platform 30 caused by accumulated water. This combined retaining structure design not only ensures the safety of the exhaust ventilation pipe 20 but also achieves multiple functions such as drainage and environmental beautification, improving the practicality and functionality of the entire long-distance hydraulic tunnel exhaust ventilation structure.

[0037] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels, characterized in that: include: The water intake tunnel structure includes a water intake tunnel, a top arch lining, a hydraulic steel pipe, and concrete supports. The hydraulic steel pipe is fixed inside the water intake tunnel by the concrete supports, and the top arch lining is located at the top of the water intake tunnel. An operating platform is provided on the surface of the slope and is horizontally positioned. An exhaust ventilation pipe is buried in the slope at the top of the water intake tunnel. The exhaust ventilation pipe has an air inlet end and an air outlet end that are arranged opposite to each other. The air inlet end passes through the top arch lining and communicates with the water intake tunnel. The air outlet end protrudes from the middle of the operating platform. A non-powered ventilation mechanism includes a non-powered hood, a support rod, and a rain cover. The non-powered hood is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe. The non-powered hood can rotate under the action of natural wind and / or air thermal convection caused by the temperature difference between inside and outside, thereby using centrifugal force and negative pressure effect to expel stale air from the water intake hole. The rain cover is fixedly connected to the exhaust ventilation pipe through the support rod and is located above the non-powered hood. as well as A protective structure is provided on the outer periphery of the operating platform to isolate the exhaust ventilation pipe.

2. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust ventilation pipe comprises multiple standard steel sections, which are connected by threaded connections.

3. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The non-powered wind cap is a factory-finished structure. The non-powered wind cap includes a wind neck, a bearing, a bracket, and multiple arc-shaped blades. The wind neck is tightly connected to the air outlet end of the exhaust ventilation pipe. The outer periphery of the bearing is fixedly connected to the wind neck. The bracket is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing. The multiple arc-shaped blades are fixedly connected to the bracket.

4. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes multiple first stiffening plates, the side of each first stiffening plate is welded and fixed to the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe, and is evenly arranged along the outer periphery of the exhaust ventilation pipe. The top surface of each first stiffening plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air neck.

5. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a concrete anchor block. The operating platform is a reinforced concrete structure. An anchor hole is provided in the middle of the operating platform. The exhaust ventilation pipe passes through the anchor hole. The concrete anchor block is formed by pouring concrete into the anchor hole and wrapping the exhaust ventilation pipe.

6. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier that protrudes upward from the operating platform gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the portion of the concrete pier that protrudes downward from the operating platform gradually decreases from top to bottom.

7. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a first stiffening ring, a second stiffening plate, a second stiffening ring, and a third stiffening plate. The second stiffening plate is welded and fixed to the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe located inside the concrete pier. The first stiffening ring is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe and welded and fixed to each of the second stiffening plates. The third stiffening plate is welded and fixed to the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe located inside the top arch lining. The second stiffening ring is sleeved on the outer side of the exhaust ventilation pipe and welded and fixed to each of the third stiffening plates.

8. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar and a second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar. The first double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar is disposed in the concrete pier and passes through the first stiffening ring, and the second double-layer bidirectional reinforcing bar is disposed in the top arch lining and passes through the second stiffening ring.

9. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure includes a green hedge arranged circumferentially along the operating platform.

10. The exhaust ventilation structure for long-distance hydraulic tunnels according to claim 9, characterized in that: The enclosure structure also includes a concrete foundation beam, which is located on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope. The slope on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope has a platform slope, and a drainage ditch is formed between the platform slope and the concrete foundation beam. The hedge on the side of the operating platform near the top of the slope is installed on the concrete foundation beam.

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