A speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device for pipelines

Abstract

This utility model discloses a speed-adaptive variable pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device for pipelines, including a generator, a transmission output shaft, a counterweight adjustment mechanism, and an impeller mechanism. The generator is coaxially connected to the transmission output shaft. The transmission output shaft is equipped with a counterweight adjustment mechanism and an impeller mechanism. When the transmission output shaft rotates, the counterweight adjustment mechanism generates a suitable centrifugal force to control the blades of the impeller mechanism to adaptively extend outward and retract inward, thereby automatically regulating the speed of the impeller mechanism. Therefore, by adopting this solution, the speed of the impeller mechanism can always be maintained within a preset range, thus effectively solving the problem that the speed of existing water turbines cannot be maintained within the rated speed range of the generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of hydropower generation devices, and in particular to a speed-adaptive variable pitch vertical axis hydropower generation device for pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, the water industry has upgraded its water pipe network supervision, achieving remote centralized monitoring. The establishment of this supervision system relies on a smart water network. However, power supply has become a challenge. Traditional water meters typically use batteries or wiring, both of which have several problems. First, battery power requires regular battery replacement, causing inconvenience for maintenance personnel; second, wiring requires cabling around the water meters, increasing engineering and maintenance costs. Therefore, realizing a smart water network requires utilizing the inherent hydropower resources of the pipelines for energy harvesting, i.e., achieving pipeline power generation.

[0003] Pitch control technology has significantly improved the efficiency of hydro turbine generators. In the field of hydro turbines, pitch control technology can also help turbines adapt to different water flow conditions, improving power generation efficiency and stability. However, in pipeline power generation, hydro turbine power generation faces more limitations. Due to the influence of power generation capacity and installation space, it is not suitable to use more complex control methods such as active control and gear mechanisms when using pitch control.

[0004] The drawbacks of existing technologies are: control equipment is limited by space and unsuitable for use in confined spaces like pipelines; furthermore, pipelines generate little electricity, leaving insufficient power to actively control the motor. Passive pitch control requires no external energy source. Existing turbines rely on their own forces and changes in water velocity to pitch, mostly using lever units for control, which increases pitch uncertainty and makes the pitch angle variation more random. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a speed-adaptive variable pitch vertical axis hydroelectric generator for pipelines, in order to solve the problem that the speed of existing water turbines cannot be maintained within the rated speed range of the generator.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a speed-adaptive variable pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device for pipelines, comprising a generator, a transmission output shaft, a counterweight adjustment mechanism, and an impeller mechanism; the power output shaft of the generator is coaxially connected to the transmission output shaft; in the direction away from the generator, the transmission output shaft is sequentially provided with the counterweight adjustment mechanism and the impeller mechanism; the counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a positioning connector, a slider, a movable connector, a transmission linkage assembly, and a counterweight; the positioning connector is fixedly connected to the transmission output shaft; the slider is slidably fitted onto the transmission output shaft; the movable connector is rotatably fitted onto the slider; the transmission linkage assembly is rotatably connected to the positioning connector and the movable connector respectively; the counterweight is disposed on the... On the transmission linkage assembly, when the transmission output shaft rotates, the counterweight is used to drive the transmission linkage assembly to deform, so that the movable connector moves toward the positioning connector; the impeller mechanism includes a control shaft, a three-dimensional cam, and blades; one end of the control shaft is fixedly connected to the slider, and the other end of the control shaft is fixedly connected to the three-dimensional cam; the three-dimensional cam is slidably fitted onto the transmission output shaft, and the radial dimension of the three-dimensional cam decreases in the direction extending outward along the transmission output shaft; multiple blades are disposed on the impeller mechanism in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward, and the impeller mechanism is used to push the multiple blades to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam, and the movement of the three-dimensional cam is used to change the outward extension area of ​​the multiple blades.

[0007] In one embodiment, the power output shaft of the generator is connected to a coupling, and the coupling is connected to the transmission output shaft.

[0008] In one embodiment, the transmission linkage group consists of two groups, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the positioning connector and the movable connector. The two groups are rotatably connected to the opposite sides of the positioning connector and the movable connector, and each group is provided with a counterweight.

[0009] In one embodiment, the transmission linkage assembly includes a swing arm and a transmission rod; the swing arm is provided with the counterweight, one end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the positioning connector, and the other end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod; the other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to a movable connector; when the movable connector moves toward the positioning connector, the rotatable connection between the swing arm and the transmission rod moves away from the transmission output shaft.

[0010] In one embodiment, a transfer connector is provided at one end of the rotatable connection between the swing arm and the transmission rod, and the counterweight is connected to the transfer connector.

[0011] In one embodiment, the counterweight includes a counterweight rod and a counterweight ball connected to each other; one end of the counterweight rod is connected to the transfer connector, and the other end of the counterweight rod extends along the length of the swing arm and is connected to the counterweight ball.

[0012] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional cam includes a large circular end face, a small circular end face, and an outer peripheral wall surface; the large circular end face is located on the side of the three-dimensional cam adjacent to the generator, and the diameter of the large circular end face is larger than the diameter of the small circular end face; the small circular end face and the large circular end face are arranged opposite each other with their centers offset from each other; the outer peripheral wall surface smoothly transitions between the large circular end face and the small circular end face; the three-dimensional cam is provided with a drive shaft hole and a control shaft hole; the drive shaft hole passes through the large circular end face and the small circular end face, and the drive output shaft is inserted into the drive shaft hole; the control shaft hole is located on the large circular end face, and the control shaft is inserted into the control shaft hole.

[0013] In one embodiment, the small circular end face is placed within the coverage area of ​​the large circular end face, and the small circular end face and the large circular end face are arranged in an in-circuit manner.

[0014] In one embodiment, the impeller mechanism further includes a turbine housing, which surrounds the transmission output shaft. The turbine housing and the transmission output shaft are connected in a synchronous rotation structure. The turbine housing is provided with multiple blades, which are arranged separately from each other around the peripheral wall of the turbine housing.

[0015] In one embodiment, the turbine housing includes an inner shell wall and an outer shell wall; the inner shell wall surrounds the transmission output shaft and has multiple mutually separated through holes; the outer shell wall surrounds the inner shell wall and has multiple mutually separated movable slots; multiple blades are respectively installed in the multiple movable slots in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward, and each blade is connected to a limiting rod. The multiple limiting rods extend through the multiple through holes into the space surrounded by the inner shell wall, and each limiting rod is fitted with a spring. The multiple springs are respectively compressed between the ends of the multiple limiting rods and the inner wall surface of the inner shell wall, and the multiple springs are used to push the ends of the multiple limiting rods to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0017] 1. The impeller mechanism of this utility model can adjust the output of the blades according to the differences in the force on each blade in the pipeline. By designing different pitch curves, each blade can have different extension and contraction amounts, thereby improving the overall driving torque. Compared with the pitch control schemes of other patents, this scheme has higher controllability and versatility.

[0018] 2. By combining variable pitch with variable diameter adjustment, the system can ensure the safety of the power generation unit by retracting the blades when faced with a sudden increase in water flow velocity, while simultaneously maintaining the impeller speed near the generator's rated speed. This solution simultaneously improves output efficiency, increases power generation efficiency, and provides protection.

[0019] 3. The "adaptive adjustment" action of this utility model does not involve electronic components such as sensors and drive motors. The overall device has a simple structure, small size, and requires little installation space. It is more suitable for places with limited space such as urban underground water pipe networks, so that the power generation device can work and generate electricity in places with low flow velocity such as water pipes. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the counterweight adjustment mechanism;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the impeller mechanism;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the blade assembly principle;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional cam structure;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an S-type water turbine.

[0027] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0028] 10. Generator; 11. Coupling;

[0029] 20. Transmission output shaft;

[0030] 30. Counterweight adjustment mechanism; 31. Positioning connector; 32. Slider; 33. Movable connector; 34. Transmission linkage assembly; 341. Swing arm; 342. Transmission rod; 35. Counterweight; 351. Counterweight rod; 352. Counterweight ball; 36. Transfer connector;

[0031] 40. Impeller mechanism; 41. Control shaft; 42. Three-dimensional cam; 421. Large circle end face; 422. Small circle end face; 423. Outer peripheral wall; 424. Drive shaft hole; 425. Control shaft hole; 43. Blade; 431. Limit rod; 432. Spring; 44. Turbine housing; 441. Inner shell wall; 4411. Perforation; 442. Outer shell wall; 4421. Movable through slot;

[0032] 50. Pipeline;

[0033] 61. S-type water turbine; (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) S-type blades. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] This invention provides a speed-adaptive variable pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device for pipelines, the implementation of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a generator 10, a transmission output shaft 20, a counterweight adjustment mechanism 30, and an impeller mechanism 40. In application, the generator 10 and the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 are generally installed outside the pipe 50, while the transmission output shaft 20 is inserted into the inside of the pipe 50 to achieve the floating installation of the impeller mechanism 40 inside the pipe 50.

[0036] Regarding the generator 10, its function is to convert the power obtained by the impeller mechanism 40 from the water flow in the pipe 50 into electrical energy, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the power output shaft of the generator 10 is coaxially connected to the transmission output shaft 20. Specifically, in order to achieve the coaxial connection between the two, in this embodiment, a coupling 11 is connected to the power output shaft of the generator 10, and the coupling 11 is connected to the transmission output shaft 20.

[0037] Therefore, once the transmission output shaft 20 obtains external power and rotates, it can drive the power output shaft of the generator 10 to rotate synchronously through the coupling 11, thereby achieving the purpose of the generator 10 obtaining kinetic energy to generate electricity.

[0038] Regarding the aforementioned transmission output shaft 20, its main function is to realize power transmission and the installation and fixing of related components, such as... Figure 1As shown, in the direction away from the generator 10, this embodiment has a counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 and an impeller mechanism 40 sequentially provided on the transmission output shaft 20.

[0039] With this arrangement, the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 can be positioned above the direction shown in the figure, and the impeller mechanism 40 can be positioned below the direction shown in the figure. This facilitates placing the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 and the impeller mechanism 40 on the outside and inside of the pipe 50, respectively, so as to achieve the separation of the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 and the impeller mechanism 40.

[0040] Regarding the aforementioned counterweight adjustment mechanism 30, it is one of the core mechanisms of this utility model, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 includes a positioning connector 31, a slider 32, a movable connector 33, a transmission linkage 34, and a counterweight 35.

[0041] In this embodiment, the positioning connector 31 is fitted around the transmission output shaft 20, and a pin passes through itself and the transmission output shaft 20, thereby achieving the connection and fixation between the positioning connector 31 and the transmission output shaft 20.

[0042] In this embodiment, the slider 32 is slidably fitted onto the transmission output shaft 20, allowing the slider 32 to move and rotate on the transmission output shaft 20. Figure 2 In the indicated direction, the slider 32 will be positioned below the positioning connector 31.

[0043] In this embodiment, the movable connector 33 is fitted onto the slider 32 in a rotatable manner. Since the two ends of the slider 32 form outward-folding flanges, the movable connector 33 can not only rotate under the limiting effect of the flanges at both ends of the slider 32, but also move synchronously with the slider 32.

[0044] For the transmission linkage assembly 34, in this embodiment, the transmission linkage assembly 34 is configured to be formed by multiple rods rotating and connected to each other, and the transmission linkage assembly 34 is rotatably connected to the positioning connector 31 and the movable connector 33 respectively. Specifically, in Figure 2 In the direction shown, the transmission link assembly 34 of this embodiment is rotatably connected to the ear plate structure on the side of the positioning connector 31 by means of its upper part, and to the ear plate structure on the side of the movable connector 33 by means of its lower part, so that the transmission link assembly 34 can deform as the movable connector 33 moves.

[0045] In this embodiment, the counterweight 35 is mounted on the transmission link assembly 34. When the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the counterweight 35 drives the transmission link assembly 34 to deform, so that the movable connector 33 moves toward the positioning connector 31.

[0046] Therefore, after adopting the above setting method, once the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the counterweight 35 will move away from the transmission output shaft 20 due to the increased centrifugal force. The force generated by the movement of the counterweight 35 will cause the transmission linkage 34 to deform, thereby achieving the purpose of the movable connector 33 automatically moving towards the positioning connector 31.

[0047] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the transmission linkage group 34 is set into two groups. The two groups of transmission linkage groups 34 are respectively located on the opposite sides of the positioning connector 31 and the movable connector 33. The two groups of transmission linkage groups 34 are rotatably connected to the opposite sides of the positioning connector 31 and the movable connector 33, and each group of transmission linkage groups 34 is provided with a counterweight 35.

[0048] With this configuration, once the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the two counterweights 35 can simultaneously exert force on the two sets of transmission linkages 34, so that the two sets of transmission linkages 34 can deform simultaneously to drive the movable connector 33 to move toward the positioning connector 31, ensuring that the movement response of the movable connector 33 is faster and the movement process is smoother.

[0049] In addition, from Figure 2 As can be seen, in order to realize the deformable design of the transmission link assembly 34, this embodiment sets the transmission link assembly 34 to include a rocker arm rod 341 and a transmission rod 342.

[0050] In this embodiment, the swing arm 341 is provided with a counterweight 35. One end of the swing arm 341 is rotatably connected to the positioning connector 31, and the other end of the swing arm 341 is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod 342.

[0051] In this embodiment, the other end of the transmission rod 342 is rotatably connected to the movable connector 33.

[0052] Among them, the aforementioned swing arm rod 341 and transmission rod 342 are both straight rod structures, and the rotational connection between the swing arm rod 341 and the positioning connector 31, the rotational connection between the swing arm rod 341 and the transmission rod 342, and the rotational connection between the transmission rod 342 and the movable connector 33 are all rotational connections formed by the cooperation of the rotating shaft and the shaft hole.

[0053] With this setup, once the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight 35 will drive the swing arm 341 to move upward. The upward movement of the swing arm 341 will drive the transmission rod 342 to move upward. Finally, the transmission rod 342 will drive the movable connector 33 and the slider 32 to move upward together, thereby achieving the purpose of the movable connector 33 automatically moving in the direction of the positioning connector 31.

[0054] Furthermore, to achieve the connection between the counterweight 35 and the swing arm 341, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a transfer connector 36 is provided at one end of the rotatable connection between the swing arm rod 341 and the transmission rod 342, and a counterweight 35 is connected to the transfer connector 36.

[0055] As shown in the figure, a portion of the transfer connector 36 is fitted over the swing arm 341 and is connected and fixed to the swing arm 341 using pins, screws and other structures. The counterweight 35 only needs to be connected and fixed to the transfer connector 36 to achieve the installation of the counterweight 35 on the swing arm 341.

[0056] Regarding the connection and installation method of counterweight 35, the details are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the counterweight 35 includes a counterweight rod 351 and a counterweight ball 352 connected to each other. One end of the counterweight rod 351 is inserted into the mounting hole of the transfer connector 36, so that one end of the counterweight rod 351 can be connected to the transfer connector 36, while the other end of the counterweight rod 351 extends along the length of the swing arm rod 341 and is connected to the counterweight ball 352.

[0057] After employing the various settings described above in combination, once the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight ball 352 will vary depending on the rotation speed. For example, if the rotation speed of the transmission output shaft 20 is relatively slow, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight ball 352 will be smaller, resulting in a smaller deformation of the transmission linkage group 34, thus allowing only the movable connecting member 33 to move upward a small distance. Conversely, if the rotation speed of the transmission output shaft 20 is relatively fast, the centrifugal force generated by the counterweight ball 352 will be larger, resulting in a larger deformation of the transmission linkage group 34, thus allowing the movable connecting member 33 to move upward a large distance. Clearly, this configuration can automatically adjust the movement distance of the movable connecting member 33 according to the rotation speed of the transmission output shaft 20, thereby providing significant assistance for the coordinated application of the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30 and the impeller mechanism 40.

[0058] Regarding the impeller mechanism 40, it is another core mechanism of this utility model. Through its cooperation with the counterweight adjustment mechanism 30, it can realize adaptive pitch control, specifically as follows: Figure 1 ,as well as Figures 3 to 5As shown, in this embodiment, the impeller mechanism 40 includes a control shaft 41, a three-dimensional cam 42, and blades 43.

[0059] In this embodiment, the control shaft 41 is configured as a cylindrical rod structure. One end of the control shaft 41 is inserted into the slider 32 to achieve a connection and fixation between the control shaft 41 and the slider 32. The other end of the control shaft 41 is inserted into the three-dimensional cam 42 to achieve a connection and fixation between the control shaft 41 and the three-dimensional cam 42. This allows the slider 32, the control shaft 41, and the three-dimensional cam 42 to be connected into a structure that can move synchronously.

[0060] It should be noted that when installing and applying the speed adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric generator, the control shaft 41 is consistent with the transmission output shaft 20 and also needs to pass through the pipe 50. Therefore, the corresponding holes on the pipe 50 will limit the control shaft 41, ensuring that the control shaft 41 can only move back and forth along its axial direction and cannot move circumferentially when the transmission output shaft 20 rotates. Since the slider 32, control shaft 41, and three-dimensional cam 42 are connected in a structure that can move synchronously, none of the three will move circumferentially and can only follow the control shaft 41 to move back and forth in a straight line along a preset path.

[0061] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional cam 42 is slidably mounted on the transmission output shaft 20, and its radial dimension decreases in the direction extending outward along the transmission output shaft 20. Figure 5 In the indicated direction, the upper radial dimension of the three-dimensional cam 42 is larger, while the lower radial dimension is smaller.

[0062] In this embodiment, multiple blades 43 are provided on the impeller mechanism 40 in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward. The impeller mechanism 40 is used to push the multiple blades 43 to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam 42, so that the movement of the three-dimensional cam 42 can be used to change the outward extension area of ​​the multiple blades 43.

[0063] The specific configuration of the aforementioned three-dimensional cam 42 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional cam 42 includes a large circular end face 421, a small circular end face 422, and an outer peripheral wall surface 423.

[0064] For the large circular end face 421, in Figure 1 and Figure 5 In the indicated direction, in this embodiment, the large circular end face 421 is positioned on the top surface of the three-dimensional cam 42, so that the large circular end face 421 is positioned on the side of the three-dimensional cam 42 adjacent to the generator 10, and the diameter of the large circular end face 421 is larger than the diameter of the small circular end face 422.

[0065] In this embodiment, the small circular end face 422 is located on the bottom surface of the three-dimensional cam 42. The small circular end face 422 and the large circular end face 421 are arranged relative to each other with their centers offset from each other. Specifically, the small circular end face 422 is placed within the coverage area of ​​the large circular end face 421, and the small circular end face 422 and the large circular end face 421 are arranged in an in-circumferential manner.

[0066] In this embodiment, the outer peripheral wall 423 is smoothly connected between the large circular end face 421 and the small circular end face 422. Therefore, in the direction of transition from the large circular end face 421 to the small circular end face 422, the outer peripheral wall 423 will present a smooth and continuous concave shape to ensure that the outer peripheral wall 423 of the three-dimensional cam 42 can always maintain elastic contact with the blade 43 when the three-dimensional cam 42 moves.

[0067] To achieve the installation and connection of the three-dimensional cam 42 with other components, such as Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the three-dimensional cam 42 is provided with a transmission shaft hole 424 and a control shaft hole 425.

[0068] In this embodiment, the drive shaft hole 424 is configured to pass through the large circular end face 421 and the small circular end face 422 so that the three-dimensional cam 42 can be completely passed through, and the drive output shaft 20 is inserted in the drive shaft hole 424 so that the three-dimensional cam 42 can slide on the drive output shaft 20.

[0069] In this embodiment, the control shaft hole 425 is located on the large circular end face 421. By inserting the control shaft 41 through the control shaft hole 425, the control shaft 41 and the three-dimensional cam 42 can be connected and fixed.

[0070] In addition, the arrangement of the aforementioned blade 43 is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also includes a generally cylindrical turbine housing 44 in the impeller mechanism 40. The turbine housing 44 surrounds the transmission output shaft 20 and is fixed to the transmission output shaft 20 through its bottom, so that the turbine housing 44 and the transmission output shaft 20 are connected to a synchronous rotation structure. The top of the turbine housing 44 is provided with a circular through hole, so that the upper part of the turbine housing 44 has a corresponding space for the three-dimensional cam 42 to move up and down.

[0071] It should also be noted that at this time, the engine casing 44 is provided with multiple blades 43, which are arranged separately around the peripheral wall of the engine casing 44. In order to enable the multiple blades 43 to extend outward and retract inward on the engine casing 44, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the turbine outer shell 44 is provided to include an inner shell wall 441 and an outer shell wall 442.

[0072] In this embodiment, the inner shell wall 441 is set to be a cylindrical tube so that the inner shell wall 441 can surround the transmission output shaft 20. At this time, the inner shell wall 441 is provided with a plurality of mutually separated perforations 4411, which are arranged on the same horizontal plane and circumferentially around the inner shell wall 441.

[0073] In this embodiment, the outer shell wall 442 is configured as a larger cylindrical tube than the inner shell wall 441, so that the outer shell wall 442 can surround the inner shell wall 441. At this time, the outer shell wall 442 is provided with a plurality of movable through slots 4421 arranged separately from each other. The plurality of movable through slots 4421 are not only arranged circumferentially around the outer shell wall 442, but also extend from top to bottom.

[0074] After setting the perforations 4411 and movable slots 4421 as described above, this embodiment can install multiple blades 43 in multiple movable slots 4421 in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward. At this time, multiple blades 43 are connected to limit rods 431. Multiple limit rods 431 extend through multiple perforations 4411 into the space surrounded by the inner shell wall 441. Springs 432 are sleeved on the outside of multiple limit rods 431. By setting multiple springs 432 to be compressed between the ends of multiple limit rods 431 and the inner wall surface of the inner shell wall 441, multiple springs 432 can be used to push the ends of multiple limit rods 431 to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam 42, thereby achieving the purpose of elastic abutment between multiple blades 43 and the three-dimensional cam 42.

[0075] Therefore, after adopting this setting, once the water flow washes the blade 43, the blade 43 can convert the external force it receives into the synchronous rotation of the turbine housing 44 and the transmission output shaft 20. Since the transmission output shaft 20 is connected to the power output shaft of the generator 10 through the coupling 11, the external force of the water flow will eventually drive the power output shaft of the generator 10 to rotate, thereby enabling the generator 10 to obtain kinetic energy to generate electricity.

[0076] Since the positioning connector 31 is fixedly connected to the transmission output shaft 20, and the transmission linkage 34, movable connector 33, counterweight 35, etc. are also interconnected with the positioning connector 31, once the transmission output shaft 20 rotates, the transmission output shaft 20 will drive the positioning connector 31, transmission linkage 34, movable connector 33, and counterweight 35 to rotate together, so that the counterweight 35 can generate centrifugal force due to circumferential rotation to meet the needs of subsequent adaptive adjustment.

[0077] At this time, the control shaft 41 cannot rotate circumferentially because it is connected to the pipe 50. Therefore, the slider 32 and the three-dimensional cam 42, which are connected and fixed to the control shaft 41, also cannot rotate circumferentially. As a result, the three-dimensional cam 42 can only move up and down under the force generated by the counterweight 35.

[0078] Specifically, from Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 It can be seen that when the impeller mechanism 40 is not subjected to external force and rotates, the three-dimensional cam 42 will automatically sink to the lowest position. At this time, the multiple blades 43 will elastically abut against the widest part of the upper part of the three-dimensional cam 42 using their hemispherical ends, so that the multiple blades 43 are in the state of maximizing the total extended area. Once the water flow washes over the blades 43, the impeller mechanism 40 will start to rotate under force. The counterweight ball 352 will move away from the transmission output shaft 20 due to the increasing centrifugal force, thereby driving the swing arm 341 and the transmission. As rod 342 gradually approaches, it drives movable connector 33, slider 32, control shaft 41, and three-dimensional cam 42 to move upward together. Under the constant action of spring 432 pushing blade 43 towards three-dimensional cam 42, blade 43 eventually changes from contacting the wider upper part of three-dimensional cam 42 to contacting the narrower lower part of three-dimensional cam 42. During this process, the total extended area of ​​multiple blades 43 will decrease, and the speed of impeller mechanism 40 will automatically decrease, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of excessive speed of impeller mechanism 40.

[0079] Similarly, if the water flow slows down, the scouring force of the water flow on the blades 43 will decrease, the impeller mechanism 40 will reduce its rotational speed, and the counterweight ball 352 will move towards the outside of the transmission output shaft 20 due to the gradual decrease in centrifugal force. This will cause the swing arm 341 and the transmission rod 342 to gradually move away, thereby causing the movable connecting piece 33, the slider 32, the control shaft 41, and the three-dimensional cam 42 to move down together. Under the action of the spring 432 constantly pushing the blades 43 towards the three-dimensional cam 42, the blades 43 will eventually change from contacting the narrower part of the lower part of the three-dimensional cam 42 to contacting the wider part of the upper part of the three-dimensional cam 42. During this process, the total extended area of ​​the multiple blades 43 will increase, and the rotational speed of the impeller mechanism 40 will automatically increase, thus avoiding the phenomenon of the impeller mechanism 40 rotating too slowly.

[0080] Obviously, after applying the above settings, the impeller mechanism 40 will adaptively adjust according to the water flow conditions. The entire process does not require active control, ensuring that the speed of the impeller mechanism 40 is always maintained within a preset controllable range, effectively solving the problem that the speed of the existing water turbine cannot be maintained within the rated speed range of the generator.

[0081] It should also be noted that, since the three-dimensional cam 42 in this embodiment adopts the special shape design described above, when all the blades 43 abut against the three-dimensional cam 42 with their ends, the depth to which each spring 432 pushes the blade 43 to move inward will be different.

[0082] For example, Figure 4 As shown in the example, the leftmost side of the three-dimensional cam 42 maintains a shape with consistent dimensions from top to bottom, while the rightmost side is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. Therefore, the radial distance between the end of the left blade 43 and the transmission output shaft 20 is obviously smaller than the radial distance between the end of the right blade 43 and the transmission output shaft 20.

[0083] Therefore, the area of ​​the left blade 43 extending outward will be smaller than the area of ​​the right blade 43 extending outward. Similarly, it can be concluded that among the multiple blades 43, the area of ​​the blade 43 closer to the left side of the three-dimensional cam 42 will be smaller than the area of ​​the blade 43 closer to the right side of the three-dimensional cam 42. Moreover, the closer to the leftmost side of the three-dimensional cam 42, the smaller the area of ​​the blade 43 will be, and the closer to the rightmost side of the three-dimensional cam 42, the larger the area of ​​the blade 43 will be.

[0084] The purpose of using the above-described configuration for the three-dimensional cam 42 in this embodiment is to increase the overall torque, such as... Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the existing S-type turbine 61. When water flows through the S-type turbine 61, due to the different shapes of the frontal surfaces of the S-type blades 62, F1 > F2, generating a torque that drives the S-type turbine 61 to rotate counterclockwise.

[0085] To increase the total torque, F2 needs to be reduced. This requires reducing the frontal area of ​​the S-shaped blades (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) to reduce the negative torque and thus increase the total torque. Therefore, during the rotation of the S-shaped turbine 61, the upper three S-shaped blades (3, 4, 5) need to be designed to retract to reduce the convex frontal area, while the lower three S-shaped blades (1, 2, 6) need to extend to increase the concave frontal area.

[0086] Obviously, after the three-dimensional cam 42 of this embodiment adopts the above design method, the blade 43 on one side has a smaller protruding area and the blade 43 on the other side has a larger protruding area, which can meet the above design requirements and thus achieve the design purpose of improving the total torque.

[0087] The above description is the preferred embodiment of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A speed-adaptive pitch vertical-axis hydroelectric power generation device for pipelines, characterized in that, Includes generator, transmission output shaft, counterweight adjustment mechanism, and impeller mechanism; The power output shaft of the generator is coaxially connected to the transmission output shaft; In the direction away from the generator, the transmission output shaft is sequentially provided with the counterweight adjustment mechanism and the impeller mechanism; The counterweight adjustment mechanism includes a positioning connector, a slider, a movable connector, a transmission linkage assembly, and a counterweight. The positioning connector is fixedly connected to the transmission output shaft. The slider is slidably fitted onto the transmission output shaft. The movable connector is rotatably fitted onto the slider. The transmission linkage assembly is rotatably connected to the positioning connector and the movable connector. The counterweight is mounted on the transmission linkage assembly. When the transmission output shaft rotates, the counterweight drives the transmission linkage assembly to deform, causing the movable connector to move toward the positioning connector. The impeller mechanism includes a control shaft, a three-dimensional cam, and blades; one end of the control shaft is fixedly connected to the slider, and the other end of the control shaft is fixedly connected to the three-dimensional cam; the three-dimensional cam is slidably mounted on the transmission output shaft, and the radial dimension of the three-dimensional cam decreases in the direction extending outward along the transmission output shaft; multiple blades are disposed on the impeller mechanism in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward, and the impeller mechanism is used to push the multiple blades to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam, and the movement of the three-dimensional cam is used to change the outward extension area of ​​the multiple blades.

2. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generator's power output shaft is connected to a coupling, and the coupling is connected to the transmission output shaft.

3. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission linkage group consists of two groups, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the positioning connector and the movable connector. The two groups are rotatably connected to the opposite sides of the positioning connector and the movable connector, and each group is equipped with a counterweight.

4. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that, The transmission linkage assembly includes a swing arm rod and a transmission rod; The counterweight is provided on the swing arm rod, one end of the swing arm rod is rotatably connected to the positioning connector, and the other end of the swing arm rod is rotatably connected to one end of the transmission rod; The other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the movable connecting piece; As the movable connector moves toward the positioning connector, the rotatable connection between the swing arm and the transmission rod moves away from the transmission output shaft.

5. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the swing arm rod and the transmission rod is provided with a transfer connector, and the counterweight is connected to the transfer connector.

6. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The counterweight includes a counterweight rod and a counterweight ball that are connected to each other; One end of the counterweight rod is connected to the transfer connector, and the other end of the counterweight rod extends along the length of the swing arm and is connected to the counterweight ball.

7. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional cam includes a large circular end face, a small circular end face, and an outer peripheral wall surface; The large circular end face is placed on the side of the three-dimensional cam adjacent to the generator, and the diameter of the large circular end face is larger than the diameter of the small circular end face; The small circular end face and the large circular end face are arranged relative to each other with their centers offset from each other; The outer peripheral wall surface smoothly transitions between the large circular end face and the small circular end face; The three-dimensional cam is provided with a drive shaft hole and a control shaft hole; The drive shaft hole passes through the large circular end face and the small circular end face, and the drive output shaft is inserted into the drive shaft hole; The control shaft hole is located on the large circular end face, and the control shaft is inserted into the control shaft hole.

8. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The small circular end face is placed within the coverage area of ​​the large circular end face, and the small circular end face and the large circular end face are arranged in an in-circuit manner.

9. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impeller mechanism also includes a turbine housing, which surrounds the transmission output shaft. The turbine housing and the transmission output shaft are connected in a synchronous rotation structure. The turbine housing is provided with multiple blades, which are arranged separately from each other around the peripheral wall of the turbine housing.

10. The speed-adaptive pitch vertical axis hydroelectric power generation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The turbine casing includes an inner casing wall and an outer casing wall; The inner shell wall surrounds the transmission output shaft, and the inner shell wall is provided with a plurality of mutually separated through holes; The outer shell wall surrounds the inner shell wall, and the outer shell wall is provided with a plurality of movable through slots arranged separately from each other; Multiple blades are installed in multiple movable slots in a manner that allows them to extend outward and retract inward. Each blade is connected to a limiting rod. Multiple limiting rods extend through multiple perforations into the space surrounded by the inner shell wall. Each limiting rod is fitted with a spring. Multiple springs are compressed between the ends of the multiple limiting rods and the inner wall surface of the inner shell wall. The multiple springs are used to push the ends of the multiple limiting rods to elastically abut against the outer peripheral wall of the three-dimensional cam.

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