Energy storage system

Abstract

This application provides an energy storage system, including: a housing; an energy storage device housed within the housing; and a voltage limiting device, wherein a first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the energy storage device, and a second terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the housing or a conductive device within the housing. This system can limit overvoltage within the energy storage device's housing while reducing the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage, and more specifically, to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of increased global support for the development of new energy technologies, various energy storage-related technologies have been widely applied. However, energy storage systems often face overvoltage issues during practical use, which can be caused by external factors (such as lightning, electrostatic discharge, and grid fluctuations) or internal factors (such as battery management system malfunctions and charging control failures). Overvoltage not only leads to a decline in battery performance but can also cause problems such as thermal runaway. Therefore, how to effectively handle overvoltage in energy storage systems to improve battery performance while reducing thermal runaway is an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides an energy storage system that can limit overvoltage within the storage device while reducing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0004] This application provides an energy storage system, including: a storage chamber; an energy storage device housed in the storage chamber; and a voltage limiting device, wherein a first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the energy storage device, and a second terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the storage chamber or a conductive device within the storage chamber.

[0005] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by installing a voltage limiting device inside the energy storage system and electrically connecting the first terminal of the voltage limiting device to the energy storage device, the voltage limiting device can quickly conduct in the event of an overvoltage inside the system, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, and thus limiting the overvoltage inside the energy storage device. Furthermore, by rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device reduces overheating inside the system caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the storage unit includes: a first storage unit for accommodating an energy storage device; and a second storage unit for accommodating the first storage unit; wherein a second terminal of a voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the first storage unit or a conductive device within the first storage unit, and / or a second terminal of a voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the second storage unit or a conductive device within the second storage unit.

[0007] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the first compartment and / or the second compartment. In the event of an overvoltage within the compartment, the voltage limiting device connected to the first compartment and / or the second compartment can quickly conduct, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, and thus limiting the overvoltage within the energy storage device's compartment. By rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device reduces overheating inside the compartment caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device.

[0008] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes a battery device, and a first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device.

[0009] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, after an overvoltage caused by external factors such as lightning strikes enters the energy storage system from the power grid, the overvoltage at the positive or negative terminal of the battery device in the energy storage device is relatively large. The first terminal of the voltage limiting device is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device, allowing the voltage limiting device to quickly conduct, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, and thus limiting the overvoltage within the energy storage device's compartment. By rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device reduces overheating inside the compartment caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device.

[0010] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes a plurality of battery devices, each of which has a positive or negative terminal electrically connected to a first terminal of at least one voltage limiting device.

[0011] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, under the influence of external factors, the overvoltage of each battery device in the multiple battery devices may be different. By electrically connecting a voltage limiting device to the positive or negative terminal of each battery device, the overvoltage of each battery device can be more effectively absorbed or bypassed, and the overheating inside the storage chamber caused by overvoltage can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device.

[0012] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes a plurality of battery devices connected in series, and a first terminal of a voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the total positive or total negative terminal of the plurality of battery devices.

[0013] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when there are multiple battery devices in the energy storage device, the multiple battery devices are connected in series to form a total positive electrode and a total negative electrode. The voltage of the total positive electrode and the total negative electrode is relatively large. The first terminal of the voltage limiting device is connected to the total positive electrode or the total negative electrode, which can more effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device and reduce the overheating inside the storage chamber caused by overvoltage, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the total positive or total negative terminal of a plurality of battery devices is electrically connected to the first terminal of a plurality of voltage limiting devices.

[0015] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the overvoltage is large and a single voltage limiting device cannot effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device, multiple voltage limiting devices can be electrically connected to the total positive or total negative terminal to more effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device, reduce the overheating inside the storage chamber caused by the overvoltage, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device.

[0016] In some embodiments, the voltage limiting device is a varistor or a surge arrester.

[0017] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting the voltage limiting device as a varistor or surge arrester, it can quickly respond to overvoltage, rapidly guide the overvoltage to the ground, protect the energy storage system from damage, and better protect the energy storage system.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first compartment further includes: a battery insulating layer disposed partially surrounding the battery device; and a structural adhesive layer disposed between the battery insulating layer and the first compartment for insulation between the battery insulating layer and the first compartment.

[0019] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a battery insulating layer and a structural adhesive layer are provided in the first compartment, which can better insulate adjacent battery devices and also better insulate the battery devices from the first compartment, reducing the possibility of leakage.

[0020] In some embodiments, the conductive device is a water-cooled plate, and the second end of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the metal portion of the water-cooled plate.

[0021] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second end of the voltage limiting device can be electrically connected to the metal part of the water-cooled plate, or it can conduct to absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second compartment includes an insulating support disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment for insulation between the first compartment and the second compartment.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, an insulating support is provided between the first compartment and the second compartment, which can better insulate between the first compartment and the second compartment. In the event of an overvoltage in the energy storage device, the insulating support can also absorb part of the overvoltage to protect the energy storage device.

[0024] In some embodiments, the energy storage system further includes an insulator disposed on the outer wall of the second compartment.

[0025] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, insulators are provided on the outer wall of the second compartment. In the event of an overvoltage in the energy storage system, the insulators in this part can also absorb part of the overvoltage to protect the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Figure label:

[0035] Energy storage system 10, energy storage device 11, energy storage device insulation layer 12, sub-module compartment insulation layer 13, sub-module compartment 14, insulator 15, compartment body 20, first compartment body 21, second compartment body 22, voltage limiting device 30, battery device 111, battery insulation layer 40, structural adhesive layer 50, insulation support 60. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of this application by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application, that is, this application is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order or hierarchy.

[0038] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. It should also be noted in the description of this application that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] In this application, "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more (including two), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two).

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0043] The energy storage device (Battery Apparatus) mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity. A battery cell assembly may include multiple battery cells connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration via a busbar.

[0044] In some embodiments, a battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0045] As an example, the battery assembly can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery devices arranged and fixed together to form a single module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery devices together with cable ties.

[0046] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and one or more battery device components housed within the housing.

[0047] As an example, the battery assembly can be a battery module, which can be housed in a housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0048] As an example, the battery assembly can also be housed in the housing by directly fixing multiple battery devices to the housing.

[0049] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure for housing the battery assembly. Here, "closed" refers to covering or sealing, which can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0050] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery assembly.

[0051] This application provides an energy storage device including one or more battery clusters to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device. The battery cluster may include multiple energy storage devices, which are connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the battery clusters are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0052] Energy storage devices can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage devices can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, an energy storage device can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires energy storage devices.

[0053] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0054] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include a cabinet and one or more battery clusters housed within the cabinet.

[0055] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0056] As an example, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each energy storage device via piping to regulate the temperature of the battery device.

[0057] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0058] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit for an energy storage device, used to monitor and manage the device. The central control module can monitor information such as the energy storage device's current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an Insulation Monitoring Module (IMM), a Master Battery Management Unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0059] In some embodiments, the energy storage system may include one or more energy storage devices and a power conversion system (PCS), wherein the power conversion system is used to connect the power generation device and the energy storage device. The power generation device generates electrical energy, which can be stored in the energy storage device through the power conversion system. As examples, the power generation device may specifically be a solar panel, hydroelectric power generation device, thermal power generation device, wind power generation device, etc. The specific type of power generation device is not limited in this application.

[0060] Against the backdrop of increased global support for the development of new energy technologies, various energy storage-related technologies have been widely applied. However, energy storage systems often face overvoltage problems during practical use, which can be caused by external factors (such as lightning, electrostatic discharge, and grid fluctuations) or internal factors (such as battery management system failures and charging control malfunctions). Overvoltage not only leads to a decline in battery performance but may also cause problems such as thermal runaway.

[0061] Typically, the voltage to ground in an energy storage system is primarily borne by the external insulators, with the internal insulation bearing only a small proportion. Furthermore, due to limitations such as the limited internal space, the insulation within the energy storage system is relatively weak. Since the insulation of the external insulators is susceptible to environmental influences, especially in outdoor applications where pollution, fog, and rain can significantly reduce its insulation, the voltage borne by the internal insulation increases, potentially exceeding its withstand limit. This can lead to insulation breakdown, ultimately causing a short circuit and thermal runaway.

[0062] Based on the above considerations, to address overvoltage issues within energy storage systems and reduce the risk of thermal runaway, this application provides an energy storage system comprising: a storage chamber; an energy storage device housed within the storage chamber; and a voltage limiting device, wherein a first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the energy storage device, and a second terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the storage chamber or a conductive device within the storage chamber. By installing a voltage limiting device within the storage chamber of the energy storage system and electrically connecting its first terminal to the energy storage device, the voltage limiting device can rapidly conduct in the event of an overvoltage within the storage chamber, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery's internal components, and thus limiting the overvoltage within the storage chamber of the energy storage device. Furthermore, by rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device reduces overheating within the storage chamber caused by overvoltage, thereby lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device.

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system 10 of this application embodiment may include an energy storage device 11, wherein the energy storage device 11 may include one or more battery devices, and the multiple battery devices may be connected to the PCS in parallel or in series. The PCS may be connected to a power generation device, such as the power grid, etc. The power generation device is used to generate electrical energy, and the electrical energy generated by the power generation device may be stored in the energy storage device 11 through the PCS.

[0064] The energy storage device insulation layer 12 is used to enclose each battery device in the energy storage device 11. The insulation layer 12 reduces direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery device or contact through other conductors, thereby reducing the occurrence of short circuits. In addition, the insulation layer 12 can prevent the current from the battery device from leaking into the external environment, protecting users and surrounding equipment from electric shock. Furthermore, when multiple battery devices are used in parallel or series, the insulation layer 12 can provide electrical isolation between each battery device, so that if one battery device is damaged, such as overheating or other damage, it will not affect the other battery devices.

[0065] In the energy storage device 11 formed by multiple battery devices, a submodule compartment insulation layer 13 is wrapped around the outside of the energy storage device 11. The submodule compartment insulation layer 13 reduces the direct electrical connection between the energy storage device 11 and the submodule compartment 14, reducing the risk of electric shock and potential electrical failures. Additionally, batteries may experience leakage after prolonged use or storage. The submodule compartment insulation layer 13 prevents leakage current from flowing into the submodule compartment 14, protecting users and external equipment from electric shock.

[0066] Submodule compartment 14: The internal space of the energy storage device 11 is called submodule compartment 14. As an example, the space contained in the energy storage device 11 formed by multiple battery devices can be called a submodule compartment 14.

[0067] Insulator 15, disposed on the outer wall of energy storage system 10, supports and secures energy storage system 10 while providing necessary electrical insulation. Specifically, insulator 15 supports the weight of energy storage system 10, ensuring its stability in the installation position and preventing movement or sinking due to gravity. Additionally, insulator 15 helps fix the position of energy storage system 10, maintaining its stability under vibration or impact and preventing loosening or damage to connections due to displacement. Furthermore, insulator 15 provides electrical insulation, preventing direct contact between energy storage system 10 and mounting surfaces or other conductive structures, thereby avoiding short circuits and leakage.

[0068] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0069] According to some embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 2 This application provides an energy storage system 10, including: a housing 20; an energy storage device 11 housed in the housing 20; and a voltage limiting device 30, the first end of which is electrically connected to the energy storage device 11, and the second end of which is electrically connected to the housing 20 or a conductive device within the housing 20.

[0070] It should be understood that the housing 20 can be a first housing for wrapping the energy storage device 11, or it can be a second housing after the outer wall of the first housing for wrapping the energy storage device 11 is provided with an insulating layer. The second housing can also be called a sub-module housing.

[0071] As an example, an energy storage device 11 in a housing 20 can be one or more, and the energy storage device 11 is composed of one or more battery devices 111.

[0072] The first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the energy storage device 11. The connection to the first terminal can be selected based on the overvoltage level of the components of the energy storage device 11. For example, if the power grid is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage device 11, and an overvoltage occurs due to external environmental factors such as lightning strikes, the overvoltage will be transmitted through the power grid to either the positive or negative terminal of the energy storage device 11. Therefore, the overvoltage at the positive and negative terminals is higher than that at other components of the energy storage system 10. Thus, the first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 can be connected to either the positive or negative terminal of the energy storage device 11 to absorb or bypass the overvoltage. Alternatively, the connection to the first terminal can be selected based on the conductivity of the components of the energy storage device 11. For example, the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage device 11 or the casing of the energy storage device 11 can be connected to the first terminal if they have good conductivity.

[0073] The second end of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the housing 20 or a conductive device inside the housing 20. The housing 20 can be made of metal, which has good conductivity and can conduct electricity with the voltage limiting device 30. The housing 20 can also be made of non-insulating material, as long as its conductivity is stronger than that of insulating material, it can also be electrically connected to the second end. In the case of a large overvoltage, the voltage limiting device 30 can limit or bypass the overvoltage. Alternatively, the second end can be connected to a conductive device inside the housing 20 for better conductivity, such as the metal part of a water-cooled plate.

[0074] The conductive device can be a metal part inside the chamber 20. For example, the conductive device can be the metal part of the water-cooled plate inside the chamber 20. The conductive device can also be a component inside the chamber 20 with conductivity between the insulating layer and the metal part. This component can also absorb overvoltage. For example, this component can be a component made of silicon, a semiconductor material, etc.

[0075] It should be understood that the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 can be connected to any position of the housing 20.

[0076] It should also be understood that the voltage limiting device 30 can also be called an overvoltage limiting device, an overvoltage protection device, etc.

[0077] It should also be understood that, in the process of protecting the energy storage device 11 by the insulating components inside the energy storage system 10 after the external insulator 15 of the energy storage system 10 is damaged, the voltage limiting device 30 can be set to better absorb overvoltage. Alternatively, if the external insulator 15 is not damaged, the voltage limiting device 30 can also be set inside the energy storage system 10 to protect the energy storage device 11 inside the energy storage system 10, reduce the damage of overvoltage to the energy storage device 11 and reduce the risk of thermal runaway.

[0078] Optionally, the rated voltage and current carrying capacity of the overvoltage limiting device 30 can be reasonably selected to ensure that the voltage limiting device 30 does not age during overvoltage limiting and does not burn out during voltage limiting operation. For example, multiple experiments can be conducted to test and select a suitable voltage limiting device 30.

[0079] In this embodiment, by installing a voltage limiting device 30 within the housing 20 of the energy storage system 10 and electrically connecting its first terminal to the energy storage device 11, the voltage limiting device 30 can quickly conduct in the event of an overvoltage within the housing 20, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy and reducing the impact of the overvoltage on the battery, thereby limiting the overvoltage within the housing 20 of the energy storage device 11. Furthermore, by rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device 30 reduces overheating inside the housing 20 caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device 11.

[0080] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0081] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the storage body 20 includes: a first storage body 21 for accommodating the energy storage device 11; and a second storage body 22 for accommodating the first storage body 21; wherein, the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the first storage body 21 or a conductive device within the first storage body 21, and / or, the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the second storage body 22 or a conductive device within the second storage body 22.

[0082] It should be understood that the first compartment 21 can be the first housing described above, and the second compartment 22 can be the second housing described above. Both the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22 are metal housings with good conductivity. The second end can be connected to the first compartment 21 and / or the second compartment 22 to limit overvoltage; or the conductive device in the first compartment 21 or the second compartment 22 can be connected to the second end to limit overvoltage; or, if there is a non-insulating component in the first compartment 21 or the second compartment 22, or a component with conductivity worse than that of a metal component but better than that of an insulating component, it can also be connected to the second end to absorb overvoltage.

[0083] In this embodiment of the application, the number of voltage limiting devices 30 is not limited. For example, there can be two voltage limiting devices 30, with the second end of one connected to the first compartment 21 and the second end of the other connected to the second compartment 22. Or, for another example, there can be three voltage limiting devices 30, with the second end of one connected to the first compartment 21 and the second ends of the other two connected to the second compartment 22.

[0084] In this embodiment, the second terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the first compartment 21 and / or the second compartment 22. In the event of an overvoltage within the compartment 20, the voltage limiting device 30, electrically connected to the first compartment 21 and / or the second compartment 22, can quickly conduct, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, and thus limiting the overvoltage within the compartment 20 of the energy storage device 11. By rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device 30 reduces overheating inside the compartment 20 caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device 11.

[0085] Optionally, reference may continue to be made to some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 The energy storage device 11 includes a battery device 111, and the first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device 111.

[0086] It should be understood that, under normal circumstances, the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery device 111 in the energy storage device 11 is between several hundred volts. In the event of overvoltage, the overvoltage is between tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of volts. The overvoltage is transmitted through the power grid and then through the positive and negative terminals of the battery device 111. Since the materials of the positive and negative terminals have good conductivity, connecting the first terminal to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device 111 can more quickly absorb or bypass the overvoltage through the voltage limiting device 30, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0087] The battery device 111 can be one or more, and the voltage limiting device 30 can also be one or more.

[0088] As an example, there is one battery device 111 and one voltage limiting device 30, with the first end of the voltage limiting device 30 connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery device 111.

[0089] As an example, when there are multiple battery devices 111 and multiple voltage limiting devices 30, they can be electrically connected one-to-one, or multiple voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected to one battery device 111, or some battery devices 111 can not be electrically connected to voltage limiting devices 30. The number of voltage limiting devices 30 connected can be determined according to the performance of each battery device 111, and this application does not limit any of these.

[0090] In this embodiment, when an overvoltage caused by external factors such as lightning strikes enters the energy storage system 10 from the power grid, the overvoltage at the positive or negative terminal of the battery device 111 in the energy storage device 11 is relatively large. The first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is connected to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device 111, allowing the voltage limiting device 30 to quickly conduct, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, and thus limiting the overvoltage within the storage chamber 20 of the energy storage device 11. By rapidly dissipating the overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device 30 reduces overheating inside the storage chamber 20 caused by the overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device 11.

[0091] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0092] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, reference is made to... Figure 4 The energy storage device 11 includes a plurality of battery devices 111, and the positive or negative terminal of each of the plurality of battery devices 111 is electrically connected to the first terminal of at least one voltage limiting device 30.

[0093] In cases of significant overvoltage, one or more voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected to each battery device 111 to more effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage. The number of voltage limiting devices 30 can be determined based on the magnitude of the overvoltage and its characteristics, such as current carrying capacity. For example, if the overvoltage is significant, multiple voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected to each battery device 111.

[0094] In this embodiment of the application, under the influence of external factors, the overvoltage of each of the multiple battery devices 111 may be different. By electrically connecting the voltage limiting device 30 to the positive or negative terminal of each battery device 111, the overvoltage of each battery device 111 can be absorbed or bypassed more effectively, and the overheating inside the housing 20 caused by overvoltage can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device 11.

[0095] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0096] Optionally, based on some embodiments of this application, reference may be made to... Figure 5 The energy storage device 11 includes multiple battery devices 111 connected in series, and the first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the total positive or negative terminal of the multiple battery devices 111.

[0097] When the energy storage device 11 includes multiple battery devices 111, the multiple battery devices 111 can be connected in series. The two ends connected to the power generation equipment, such as the power grid, can be referred to as the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal. One end of the voltage limiting device 30 can be electrically connected to the total positive or the total negative terminal. Since overvoltage is transmitted to the total positive and the total negative terminal through the power grid, connecting the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 to the total positive or the total negative terminal can absorb and bypass overvoltage more quickly and efficiently.

[0098] Optionally, when the battery device 111 includes multiple battery cells, the two ends formed by the multiple battery cells connected in series or in parallel can also be called the total positive terminal or the total negative terminal, and the first end of the voltage limiting device 30 can be electrically connected to the total positive terminal or the total negative terminal.

[0099] Optionally, the energy storage device 11 includes multiple battery devices 111. When the multiple battery devices 111 are connected in parallel, they can be electrically connected to the total positive or total negative terminal of the multiple battery devices 111 through multiple voltage limiting devices 30.

[0100] In this embodiment of the application, when there are multiple battery devices 111 in the energy storage device 11, the multiple battery devices 111 are connected in series to form a total positive electrode and a total negative electrode. The voltage of the total positive electrode and the total negative electrode is relatively large. The first end of the voltage limiting device 30 is connected to the total positive electrode or the total negative electrode, which can more effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device 11 and reduce the overheating inside the storage body 20 caused by overvoltage, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device 11.

[0101] Optionally, based on some embodiments of this application, reference may continue to be made to... Figure 5 The total positive or negative terminal of the multiple battery devices 111 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the multiple voltage limiting devices 30.

[0102] In cases of significant overvoltage, multiple voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected to the main positive or main negative terminal to achieve faster voltage limiting.

[0103] The number of voltage limiting devices 30 can be determined based on the magnitude of the overvoltage and the characteristics of the overvoltage itself, such as its current carrying capacity. For example, if the overvoltage is large, multiple voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected in the total positive or total negative terminal.

[0104] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the overvoltage is large, if one voltage limiting device 30 cannot effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device 11, multiple voltage limiting devices 30 can be electrically connected to the total positive or total negative terminal to more effectively absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device 11, reduce the overheating inside the chamber 20 caused by the overvoltage, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the energy storage device 11.

[0105] According to some embodiments of this application, the voltage limiting device 30 may optionally be a varistor or a surge arrester.

[0106] A varistor is a nonlinear resistor whose resistance changes with the voltage applied across its terminals. A varistor comprises semiconductor material, grains, and electrodes. The core of the varistor is made of semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), which, after special manufacturing processes, exhibit nonlinear voltage-current characteristics. The semiconductor material is fabricated into many tiny grains, interconnected by doped layers (typically bismuth oxide, Bi₂O₃). Electrodes are coated at both ends of the varistor to apply voltage and measure current. When the voltage applied across the varistor is low, the potential barrier between the semiconductor grains is high, and current mainly flows through the doped layers between the grains, resulting in a relatively high resistance; the varistor exhibits a high impedance state. When the voltage increases to a certain level, i.e., when overvoltage occurs, the potential barrier between the grains begins to decrease, current can flow through the grains themselves, and the resistance drops rapidly. As the voltage increases further, more grains participate in the conduction process, the current increases sharply, but the voltage increase becomes very slow, thus limiting overvoltage. In the event of an overvoltage, the varistor absorbs a large amount of electrical energy through its nonlinear characteristics and converts this energy into heat energy, thereby protecting the energy storage device 11.

[0107] It should be understood that the working principle of a surge arrester is similar to that of a varistor, and will not be elaborated here. In addition, other electronic devices that function similarly to varistors can also be used as voltage limiting devices 30, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0108] In this embodiment of the application, by setting the voltage limiting device 30 as a varistor or a surge arrester, it can quickly respond to overvoltage, rapidly guide the overvoltage to the ground, protect the energy storage system 10 from damage, and better protect the energy storage system 10.

[0109] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0110] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, reference is made to... Figure 6The first compartment 21 also includes: a battery insulating layer 40 disposed on part of the battery device 111; and a structural adhesive layer 50 disposed between the battery insulating layer 40 and the first compartment 21 for insulation between the battery insulating layer 40 and the first compartment 21.

[0111] The battery insulation layer 40 is used to enclose each battery device 111 in the energy storage device 11. The battery insulation layer 40 can reduce direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery device 111 or contact through other conductors, thereby reducing the occurrence of short circuits. In addition, the battery insulation layer 40 can prevent the current of the battery device 111 from leaking into the external environment, protecting the user and surrounding equipment from electric shock. Furthermore, when multiple battery devices 111 are used in parallel or series, the battery insulation layer 40 can provide electrical isolation between each battery device 111, so that if one battery device 111 is damaged, such as overheating or damage, it will not affect the other battery devices 111.

[0112] The structural adhesive layer 50 is disposed between the battery insulating layer 40 and the first compartment 21 for insulation between the battery insulating layer 40 and the first compartment 21. In addition, the structural adhesive layer 50 also serves to support and stabilize the energy storage device 11.

[0113] In this embodiment, a battery insulating layer 40 and a structural adhesive layer 50 are provided in the first compartment 21, which can better insulate the adjacent battery device 111 and also better insulate the battery device 111 from the first compartment 21, reducing the possibility of leakage.

[0114] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the conductive device is a water-cooled plate, and the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the metal portion of the water-cooled plate.

[0115] The metal part of the water-cooled plate has good conductivity, so the voltage limiting device 30 can be electrically connected to the metal part of the water-cooled plate to limit overvoltage.

[0116] In this embodiment, the second end of the voltage limiting device 30 can be electrically connected to the metal part of the water-cooled plate, or it can conduct to absorb or bypass the overvoltage of the energy storage device 11.

[0117] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0118] According to some embodiments of this application, optionally, the second compartment 22 includes: an insulating support 60 disposed between the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22 for insulation between the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22.

[0119] In the energy storage device 11 formed by multiple battery devices 111, an insulating support 60 is provided on the outside of the energy storage device 11. The insulating support 60 can reduce the direct electrical connection between the first compartment 21 and the second compartment 22, reducing the risk of electric shock and potential electrical failure. In addition, the battery may leak current after prolonged use or storage. The insulating support 60 can prevent the current leaking from the battery from flowing to the second compartment 22, protecting the user and external equipment from electric shock.

[0120] In this embodiment, an insulating support 60 is provided between the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22, which can better insulate the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22. In the event of an overvoltage in the energy storage device 11, the insulating support 60 can also absorb part of the overvoltage to protect the energy storage device 11.

[0121] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another energy storage system 10 provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0122] According to some embodiments of this application, the energy storage system 10 may optionally include an insulator 15 disposed on the outer wall of the second compartment 22.

[0123] Under normal circumstances, the insulator 15 has a high resistance, and the voltage inside the storage chamber 20 is within the normal range. The overvoltage limiting device 30 is only connected and does not enter the voltage limiting protection state. When the insulator 15 is damp, dirty, or in adverse weather conditions such as heavy fog, rain, or snow, the surface resistance of the insulator 15 drops by several orders of magnitude, and the voltage it bears is transferred to the storage chamber 20. At this time, the overvoltage limiting device 30 will enter the voltage limiting operation state to protect the energy storage device 11.

[0124] Insulators 15 are mounted on the outer wall of the second chamber 22 to support and secure the energy storage system 10, while also providing necessary electrical insulation. Specifically, insulators 15 support the weight of the energy storage system 10, ensuring its stability in the installation position and preventing movement or sinking due to gravity. Additionally, insulators 15 help secure the position of the energy storage system 10, keeping it stable under vibration or impact and preventing loosening or damage to connections due to displacement. Furthermore, insulators 15 provide electrical insulation, preventing direct contact between the energy storage system 10 and mounting surfaces or other conductive structures, thereby avoiding short circuits and leakage.

[0125] In this embodiment of the application, an insulator 15 is provided on the outer wall of the second chamber 22. In the event of an overvoltage in the energy storage system 10, the insulator 15 in this part can also absorb part of the overvoltage to protect the energy storage system 10.

[0126] According to some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 This application proposes an energy storage system 10, comprising: a housing 20; an energy storage device 11 housed within the housing 20; and a voltage limiting device 30, wherein a first terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the energy storage device 11, and a second terminal of the voltage limiting device 30 is electrically connected to the housing 20 or a conductive device within the housing 20. In the event of an overvoltage within the housing 20, the voltage limiting device 30 can rapidly conduct, bypassing or absorbing the overvoltage energy, reducing the overvoltage effect on the battery interior, thereby limiting the overvoltage within the housing 20 of the energy storage device 11. Furthermore, by rapidly dissipating overvoltage energy, the voltage limiting device 30 reduces overheating within the housing 20 caused by overvoltage, lowering the risk of thermal runaway in the energy storage device 11.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized by, include: Warehouse body; An energy storage device is housed within the container. A voltage limiting device, wherein a first end of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the energy storage device, and a second end of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the storage chamber or a conductive device within the storage chamber.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein, The container includes: The first compartment is used to house the energy storage device; The second compartment is used to house the first compartment; Wherein, the second terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the first chamber or a conductive device within the first chamber; and / or, The second end of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the second chamber or a conductive device inside the second chamber.

3. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein, The energy storage device includes a battery device. The first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the positive or negative terminal of the battery device.

4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein, The energy storage device includes multiple battery devices. The positive or negative terminal of each of the plurality of battery devices is electrically connected to the first terminal of at least one of the voltage limiting devices.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes multiple battery devices connected in series. The first terminal of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the total positive or total negative terminal of the plurality of battery devices.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The total positive or total negative terminal of the plurality of battery devices is electrically connected to the first terminal of the plurality of voltage limiting devices.

7. The energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The voltage limiting device is a varistor or a surge arrester.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first compartment also includes: A battery insulating layer is disposed on a portion surrounding the battery device; A structural adhesive layer is disposed between the battery insulating layer and the first compartment body for insulation between the battery insulating layer and the first compartment body.

9. The energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive device is a water-cooled plate. The second end of the voltage limiting device is electrically connected to the metal part of the water-cooled plate.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second compartment includes: An insulating support is disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment for insulation between the first compartment and the second compartment.

11. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes: An insulator is disposed on the outer wall of the second compartment.

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