A novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system

Abstract

This utility model relates to a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system. The system includes a crushing device, a material conveying device, a pushing device, and a discharge device. The material conveying device transports the crushed material to the pushing device, which then pushes the material to the discharge device. The discharge device includes a discharge housing with a vertical discharge chamber inside. A vertical push cylinder is installed at the top of the discharge chamber, and a push plate is installed at the lower end of the push cylinder. A level detection device and a spray device are installed inside the discharge chamber. The spray device includes a temperature sensor and a spray system. The lower end of the discharge chamber is a discharge outlet for connecting to an incinerator. A discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge outlet is installed at the discharge outlet, and the level detection device is electrically connected to the discharge valve. The temperature sensor, spray system, and push cylinder improve safety. The level detection device, in conjunction with the discharge valve, enables orderly and automatic feeding, solving problems such as material jamming and backfire ignition during the feeding process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste treatment technology, specifically to a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the method of treating municipal solid waste has gradually shifted from landfill to incineration. Incineration equipment has also been continuously developed and matured. The main incinerators on the market are classified according to their daily processing capacity and feeding methods, as follows.

[0003] Small-scale incinerators: Daily processing capacity is typically 200 tons or less. These incinerators are suitable for scenarios with small daily processing volumes, such as small towns, hospitals, and farms. These devices are classified into two types based on their furnace structure: vertical rotary furnaces and horizontal grate furnaces. Feeding methods are also diverse, with the following being common: Direct tilting type: Solid waste is conveyed to a feed pipe via a belt conveyor, and then falls directly into the combustion section through a channel. Screw feeding type: Solid waste is pushed into the combustion section using a screw feeder. Top feeding type: Hazardous waste is compressed by a piston in a hydraulic cylinder before being introduced into the combustion section.

[0004] Medium-sized incinerators: Daily processing capacity is generally between 200 and 1200 tons. These incinerators are widely used and can meet the waste disposal needs of medium-sized cities or regions.

[0005] Large-scale incinerators: daily processing capacity exceeding 1200 tons. Large-scale incinerators are typically used for waste treatment in large cities or industrial clusters, enabling large-scale waste reduction and resource recovery.

[0006] Medium and large-sized feeding system incinerators mainly adopt the method of grabbing materials into the hopper by grab buckets, and then pushing them into the furnace in batches by the pusher at the bottom of the hopper.

[0007] The various feeding methods and corresponding incineration equipment on the market have the following problems: Direct tilting is simple and straightforward, but solid waste is prone to getting stuck in the feed pipe, leading to poor feeding and affecting incineration efficiency. Screw feeding is prone to problems such as adhesion and entanglement of solid waste due to its diverse shapes, requiring frequent maintenance and unable to operate stably for long periods. Top-feeding uses a piston in a hydraulic cylinder to compress hazardous waste before introducing it into the combustion section; this method easily forms a material seal at the front of the cylinder, which, if ignited, can severely damage the cylinder and other structures. For medium and large furnaces, the pusher method, because the lower part of the feeding device is connected to the incinerator furnace, has high heat radiation, which can easily cause structural deformation and lead to feeding blockages. Utility Model Content

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a new type of automated continuous solid waste feeding system, which includes a temperature sensor, a spray system and a pusher cylinder to improve safety. The level detection device, together with the discharge valve, enables orderly automatic feeding and solves problems such as material jamming and backfire during the feeding process.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system, comprising a crushing device, a material conveying device, a pushing device, and a discharge device. The material conveying device transports the crushed material to the pushing device, which then pushes the material to the discharge device. The discharge device includes a discharge housing with a vertical discharge chamber inside. A vertically extending push cylinder is located at the top of the discharge chamber, and a push plate is located at the lower end of the push cylinder. A level detection device and a spraying device are installed inside the discharge chamber. The spraying device includes a temperature sensor and a spraying system. The lower end of the discharge chamber is a discharge outlet for connecting to an incinerator. A discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge outlet is installed at the discharge outlet, and the level detection device is electrically connected to the discharge valve.

[0010] Furthermore, the discharge valve includes a discharge flap and an opening and closing mechanism. The discharge flap is hinged to the lower end of the discharge outlet and is used to block the discharge outlet. The opening and closing mechanism drives the discharge flap to rotate to open and close the discharge outlet.

[0011] Furthermore, a rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the material discharge housing, the material discharge flap is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder and a connecting rod. The two ends of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the material discharge housing and one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is anti-rotationally engaged with the rotating shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the discharge chamber is a micro-negative pressure chamber with a negative pressure value of -50Kpa to -100Kpa, and a pressure sensing device for detecting the internal pressure value is provided inside the discharge chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the pushing device includes a pushing cavity extending in the left-right direction. The upper middle part of the pushing cavity is provided with a communicating pushing inlet. The right end of the pushing cavity is a pushing outlet for connecting with the dropping cavity. The left end of the pushing cavity is provided with a pushing mechanism. The right end of the pushing mechanism is provided with a pushing plate adapted to the pushing cavity. The pushing mechanism drives the pushing plate to slide in the pushing cavity in the left-right direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the pushing chamber is an inclined chamber with the left side higher than the right side.

[0015] Furthermore, the angle between the inclined cavity and the horizontal line is 3 to 5 degrees.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of the feeding chamber is uniformly inlaid with multiple strips of graphite.

[0017] Furthermore, the pushing mechanism is a pushing hydraulic cylinder.

[0018] Furthermore, a water circulation coil is provided on the outer periphery of the material discharge shell.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] (1) A crushing device is used to break solid materials into smaller pieces, reducing the risk of material jamming caused by direct dumping. A material conveying device is used to transport the material to a pushing device, reducing the risk of material entanglement caused by screw feeding. The pushing device pushes loose material to the discharge device, preventing the formation of a material blockage within the pushing device. Simultaneously, the material falls into the incinerator below through a vertical discharge chamber. The height difference of the discharge chamber prevents the material in the pushing device from being ignited. A discharge valve, in conjunction with a material detection device, can automatically open and close the discharge outlet. It closes when the pushing device feeds material into the discharge chamber, blocking the heat radiation from the incinerator furnace. This reduces the risk of ignition and prevents deformation of the pushing device structure. A temperature sensor, in conjunction with a spray system, further prevents the material in the discharge chamber from being ignited.

[0021] Using the push cylinder, material can be pushed out. In addition, if the lower discharge valve malfunctions or the material gets stuck in the discharge chamber, and the level detection device detects that the material is too high, the push cylinder can be activated to push the material out. The discharge valve and the top push cylinder work together to complete the discharge, realizing multiple discharge methods and improving safety and practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the pushing device and the dropping device in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the material discharge valve in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Crushing device; 11. Crusher; 12. Crushing feed cylinder; 2. Material conveying device; 21. Conveyor chain; 22. Docking box; 3. Pushing device; 31. Pushing shell; 32. Pushing chamber; 33. Pushing hydraulic cylinder; 34. Pushing plate; 35. Pushing inlet; 36. Connecting cylinder; 4. Discharge device; 41. Discharge shell; 42. Discharge chamber; 43. Discharge valve; 44. Temperature sensor; 45. Level detection device; 46. Pushing cylinder; 47. Pushing plate; 48. Pressure sensor; 49. Discharge flap; 410. Discharge outlet; 411. Opening and closing hydraulic cylinder; 412. Connecting rod; 413. Spraying system; 414. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Specific Implementation Example 1:

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal distance between the crushing device 1 and the pushing device 3 is in the front-to-back direction, as follows: Figure 2 , 4 As shown, the length direction of the pusher chamber 32 is the left-right direction.

[0031] refer to Figures 1 to 5 This utility model discloses a novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system (hereinafter referred to as the feeding system), which includes a crushing device 1, a material conveying device 2, a pushing device 3, and a dropping device 4. The material conveying device 2 drives the crushed material to be conveyed to the pushing device 3, and the pushing device 3 pushes the material to the dropping device 4. The dropping device 4 includes a dropping shell 41, and a vertical dropping chamber 42 is provided inside the dropping shell 41. A vertically extending push cylinder 46 is provided at the top of the dropping chamber 42, and a push plate 47 is provided at the lower end of the push cylinder 46. A level detection device 45 and a spraying device are provided inside the dropping chamber 42. The spraying device includes a temperature sensor 44 and a spraying system 413. The temperature sensor 44 is electrically connected to the spraying system 413, and the temperature sensor is used to control the start and stop of the spraying system.

[0032] The lower end of the feeding chamber 42 is a feeding outlet 410 for connecting to the incinerator. A feeding valve 43 for opening and closing the feeding outlet 410 is installed at the feeding outlet 410. The level detection device 45 is electrically connected to the feeding valve 43. The opening and closing of the feeding valve is controlled by the level detection device.

[0033] In this embodiment, the feeding system is also equipped with an electrical control system, which includes a self-developed PLC control program. The crushing device, material conveying device, pushing device, and dropping device are all associated with the electrical control system. The electrical control system is used to provide feedback and control to each link of the feeding system to achieve automatic control operation.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the push cylinder 46 is located at the upper end of the discharge housing 41. The cylinder rod of the push cylinder 46 extends downward into the discharge chamber 42, and a push plate 47 is installed at the lower end of the cylinder rod. A level detection device 45 is installed at the lower end of the push plate 47. The level detection device 45 works with the discharge valve 43 to discharge materials. The temperature sensor 44 and the spray system 413 are located on the left and right sides of the push cylinder 46, respectively, and are also located at the upper end of the discharge housing 41.

[0035] This setup utilizes the crushing device 1 to break down solid materials, reducing the risk of material jamming associated with direct dumping. The material conveying device 2 transports the material to the pushing device, mitigating the risk of material entanglement associated with screw feeders. The pushing device 3 pushes loose material to the dropping device 4, preventing the formation of a material blockage within it. Simultaneously, the material falls through the vertical dropping chamber 42 into the incinerator below. The height difference of the dropping chamber 42 prevents the material within the pushing device 3 from being ignited. The level detection device 45, in conjunction with the dropping valve 43, can open and close the dropping outlet 410. It closes when the pushing device feeds material into the dropping chamber 42, blocking heat radiation from the incinerator furnace, thus reducing the risk of ignition and preventing structural deformation of the pushing device 3.

[0036] The temperature sensor 44, in conjunction with the spray system 413, further prevents the material in the discharge chamber 42 from being ignited. The push cylinder 46 can be used for both pushing and discharging material, and in case of a malfunction in the lower discharge valve 43, the push cylinder 46 can be activated to push the material open the discharge valve 43 to complete the discharge, thus achieving multiple discharge methods and improving safety and practicality.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, the discharge valve 43 includes a discharge flap 49 and an opening and closing mechanism. The discharge flap 49 is hinged to the lower end of the discharge outlet 410 and is used to block the discharge outlet 410. The opening and closing mechanism drives the discharge flap 49 to flip to open and close the discharge outlet 410.

[0038] like Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, a rotating shaft 414 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the discharge housing 41, and the rotating shaft 414 extends along the front-to-back direction. The discharge flap 49 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 414. The opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411 and a connecting rod 412, wherein the two ends of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411 are respectively hinged to one end of the discharge housing 41 and one end of the connecting rod 412, and the other end of the connecting rod 412 is engaged with the rotating shaft 414 to prevent rotation. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411 is arranged facing the connecting rod 412, the end of the connecting rod 412 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411 is hinged to the connecting rod 412, and the cylinder body of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411 is hinged to the discharge housing 41. This configuration, utilizing the discharge flap 49 and the opening / closing mechanism, makes the discharge valve 43 a discharge valve. Activating the opening / closing hydraulic cylinder 411 drives the connecting rod 412, which in turn causes the discharge flap 49 to flip, opening or closing the discharge outlet 410. The discharge flap 49 is preferably made of a high-temperature resistant material, possessing the function of preventing flashback and achieving continuous, automatic, and uniform material feeding.

[0039] In other embodiments, the opening and closing mechanism may also employ a drive motor to drive the rotating shaft 414 to rotate, thereby driving the material discharge flap 49 to rotate.

[0040] Preferably, in this embodiment, the discharge chamber 42 is a micro-negative pressure chamber with a negative pressure value of -50Kpa to -100Kpa, and a pressure sensing device 48 for detecting the internal pressure value is provided inside the discharge chamber 42. Specifically, the pressure sensor is located at the upper part of the discharge chamber 42, higher than the discharge port of the pusher device 3. The negative pressure design can ensure the escape of fugitive exhaust gas. The specific setting method and principle of the micro-negative pressure chamber are common knowledge known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] Preferably, in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the crushing device 1 includes a crusher 11 and a crushing feed cylinder 12 disposed at the upper end of the crusher 11. The upper end of the crushing feed cylinder 12 is used for feeding material. After the solid material is crushed in the crushing feed cylinder 12, it is output at the lower end of the crushing feed cylinder. The crushing device 1 and the pushing device 3 are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction, and the pushing device 3 is located above the front end of the crushing device 1. The upper end of the pushing device 3 is provided with a pushing feed inlet 35. The material conveying device 2 extends in the front-back direction and is an inclined plate chain with a higher front and a lower rear. The lower end of the material conveying device 2 connects to the discharge port of the crushing device 1, and the upper end connects to the pushing feed inlet 35. The inclined plate chain with a higher front and a lower rear avoids material accumulation.

[0042] The material conveying device 2 is made of stainless steel and has high temperature resistance. At the same time, the control system can control the plate chain conveyor with frequency conversion and speed regulation to ensure that the material falls evenly into the pushing device 3.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the feeding device 3 includes a feeding housing 31, within which a feeding cavity 32 extending in the left-right direction is provided. A vertical connecting cylinder 36 is provided in the middle of the left-right direction of the feeding housing 31. The inner cavity of the connecting cylinder 36 communicates with the feeding cavity 32. The upper end of the connecting cylinder 36 is a feeding inlet 35, thus providing a feeding inlet 35 in the upper middle of the feeding cavity 32. The right end of the feeding cavity 32 is a feeding outlet for docking with the discharge cavity 42. Specifically, an opening adapted to dock with the feeding cavity 32 is provided in the upper part of the discharge housing 41, and the feeding outlet is sealed and fixed to this opening.

[0044] The material conveying device 2 preferably has a closed plate chain structure, including a conveying plate chain 21 and a docking box 22 disposed on the upper end of the conveying plate chain 21. The docking box 22 is covered and fixed on the upper end of the connecting cylinder 36. The material is conveyed by the conveying plate chain 21 and falls from the docking box 22 into the connecting cylinder 36 to enter the pushing chamber 32.

[0045] A pushing mechanism is provided at the left end of the pushing chamber 32, and a pushing plate 47 adapted to the pushing chamber 32 is provided at the right end of the pushing mechanism. The pushing mechanism drives the pushing plate 47 to slide in the pushing chamber 32 in the left and right direction. The pushing mechanism drives the pushing plate 47 to move, thereby pushing the material falling from the pushing inlet 35 into the dropping chamber 42.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pushing mechanism is a pushing hydraulic cylinder 33, which reciprocates to push the material. Preferably, the pushing cavity 32 is a square cavity, with multiple strips of graphite (not shown in the figure) evenly embedded in its inner wall. This reduces friction. Specifically, the strips of graphite and the pushing cavity 32 adopt an embedded structure and a pressure strip assembly method, allowing for periodic replacement. The gap between the strips of graphite and the inner wall of the pushing cavity 32 is preferably a clearance fit, 0.15mm on one side. The outer wall of the pushing plate 47 and the inner wall of the dropping cavity 42 are preferably modulated, with the HRC of the outer wall of the inner piston pushing plate 47 being 5HRC less than that of the inner wall of the outer piston dropping cavity 42.

[0047] In other embodiments, the strip graphite may be disposed on the outer wall of the pusher plate 47.

[0048] Preferably, in this embodiment, the pushing chamber 32 is an inclined chamber with the left side higher than the right side, and the angle between the inclined chamber and the horizontal line is 3 degrees. This facilitates the entry of leachate into the furnace body during the pushing and extrusion process and prevents overflow. In other embodiments, the angle of inclination of the inclined chamber can also be 4 degrees, 5 degrees, 8 degrees, etc.

[0049] Preferably, in this embodiment, a refractory material is used to prevent excessively high temperatures on the outer periphery of the material feeding shell 41, and a water circulation coil is provided to reduce the temperature radiation of the material feeding device 4.

[0050] The working process of this application:

[0051] (1) Solid waste is collected and fed into the crushing device 1;

[0052] (2) The crushed solid waste is conveyed evenly to the pushing chamber 32 of the pushing device 3 using the material conveying device 2.

[0053] (3) The pusher hydraulic cylinder 33 is started, and the pusher plate 47 drives the material to move toward the dropping device 4.

[0054] (4) The solid material enters the discharge chamber 42 of the discharge device 4 through the pusher 3, the discharge valve 43 is closed, and the material accumulates in the discharge chamber 42.

[0055] (5) The material level detection device 45 monitors that the material accumulation height exceeds the limit value, starts the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 411, drives the material discharge flap 49 to rotate, opens the material discharge outlet 410, and completes the unloading.

[0056] (6) At the same time, when the material displacement failure occurs, the material accumulation triggers the material detection device at the top, and the device detects that the material level is too high. It then starts the top push cylinder 46 to push the material to open the drop valve 43, thus achieving dual protection for material conveying and avoiding material accumulation that could lead to a failure of the feeding system.

[0057] (7) The material falls into the incinerator through the feeding device 4 and is continuously fed according to the feedback to realize automated feeding.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

Claims

1. A novel automated continuous solid waste feed system characterized in that, The device includes a crushing device, a material conveying device, a pushing device, and a discharge device. The material conveying device transports the crushed material to the pushing device, which then pushes the material to the discharge device. The discharge device includes a discharge housing with a vertical discharge chamber inside. A vertically extending push cylinder is located at the top of the discharge chamber, and a push plate is located at the lower end of the push cylinder. A level detection device and a spraying device are installed inside the discharge chamber. The spraying device includes a temperature sensor and a spraying system. The lower end of the discharge chamber is a discharge outlet for connecting to the incinerator. A discharge valve for opening and closing the discharge outlet is installed at the discharge outlet, and the level detection device is electrically connected to the discharge valve.

2. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge valve includes a discharge flap and an opening and closing mechanism. The discharge flap is hinged to the lower end of the discharge outlet and is used to block the discharge outlet. The opening and closing mechanism drives the discharge flap to rotate to open and close the discharge outlet.

3. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the material discharge housing, and the material discharge flap is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder and a connecting rod. The two ends of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the material discharge housing and one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is anti-rotationally engaged with the rotating shaft.

4. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material discharge chamber is a micro-negative pressure chamber with a negative pressure value of -50Kpa to -100Kpa, and a pressure sensing device for detecting the internal pressure value is installed inside the material discharge chamber.

5. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pushing device includes a pushing cavity extending in the left-right direction. The upper middle part of the pushing cavity is provided with a pushing inlet. The right end of the pushing cavity is a pushing outlet for connecting to the dropping cavity. The left end of the pushing cavity is provided with a pushing mechanism. The right end of the pushing mechanism is provided with a pushing plate adapted to the pushing cavity. The pushing mechanism drives the pushing plate to slide in the pushing cavity in the left-right direction.

6. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pushing chamber is an inclined chamber with the left side higher than the right side.

7. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The angle between the inclined cavity and the horizontal line is 3 to 5 degrees.

8. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the feeding chamber is uniformly inlaid with multiple strips of graphite.

9. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pushing mechanism is a pushing hydraulic cylinder.

10. The novel automated continuous solid waste feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water circulation coil is provided on the outer periphery of the material discharge shell.

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