Battery box and battery pack

Abstract

The application provides a battery box and a battery pack, the battery box comprising: a box structure and a bottom plate structure; a containing cavity is formed between the bottom plate structure and the box structure; the box structure has an air flow channel communicating with the containing cavity inside; wherein a plurality of battery cells are arranged at intervals to form heat dissipation gaps; the gas flowing out of the air flow channel flows through the heat dissipation gaps to perform heat exchange. The application sets the heat dissipation gaps, so that the gas flowing out of the air flow channel can flow through the heat dissipation gaps to perform heat exchange, thereby improving the uniformity of heat dissipation of the plurality of battery cells; the battery box provided by the application has a reasonable design of heat dissipation mode and can meet the requirement of heat dissipation of the battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery pack technology, and more specifically, to a battery box and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] The operating temperature of the cells in a battery pack has a significant impact on the overall safety, efficiency, and lifespan of the battery pack.

[0003] Existing air-cooled battery packs typically employ a design where a fan is installed on one side of the pack to draw in or blow air, while the other side has air inlets and outlets. The drawbacks of this design are: cells closer to the fan experience better heat dissipation due to the larger airflow, while cells further away from the fan experience poorer heat dissipation. This leads to large temperature differences between cells, affecting cell capacity and internal resistance, disrupting cell consistency, and impacting overall battery pack performance. Furthermore, an inadequately designed cooling duct can prevent hot air from being quickly expelled from the battery pack, resulting in low effective heat dissipation efficiency and significantly reducing the battery pack's safety and lifespan.

[0004] Existing battery packs using liquid cooling typically employ a liquid cooling base plate solution to dissipate heat from the cells. The disadvantages of this solution are: the coolant flow channel structure of the heat dissipation base plate is relatively complex, difficult to process and expensive, and because the base plate bears the weight and liquid cooling function, it is usually heavy and bulky, which leads to a lower overall energy density of the battery pack.

[0005] In summary, existing battery packs that use air cooling or liquid cooling methods often fail to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the cells due to unreasonable heat dissipation design, resulting in excessively high temperatures inside the battery pack and increasing the risk of thermal runaway. Furthermore, uneven heat dissipation among the multiple cells in existing battery packs leads to large temperature differences, which in turn reduces the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0006] The main objective of this application is to provide a battery box and battery pack to solve the problems of poor heat dissipation and uneven heat dissipation of existing battery packs for multiple internal cells.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of this application, a battery box is provided, comprising: a box structure and a base plate structure; a receiving cavity is formed between the base plate structure and the box structure, the receiving cavity being used to receive multiple battery cells; the box structure has an airflow channel communicating with the receiving cavity; wherein the multiple battery cells are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap; gas flowing out from the airflow channel flows through the heat dissipation gap for heat exchange.

[0008] Furthermore, the airflow channel is located at the upper part of the housing structure. The airflow channel has multiple air outlets for air discharge. The air outlets are connected to the receiving cavity. At least a portion of the multiple air outlets are oriented towards the battery cells or heat dissipation gaps. Specifically, when the housing structure and multiple battery cells are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projections of at least a portion of the multiple air outlets at least partially overlap with the projections of the multiple heat dissipation gaps.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom plate structure is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing structure; the side of the bottom plate structure facing the receiving cavity has multiple spaced positioning grooves, each positioning groove engaging with at least one battery cell to fix and support the battery cell; the battery cells located in different positioning grooves are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap; the side of the bottom plate structure facing the receiving cavity has multiple positioning protrusions, and the bottom plate structure has a width direction and a length direction that are horizontal and perpendicular to each other; the multiple positioning protrusions are arranged in rows spaced apart along the width direction and in columns spaced apart along the length direction to form multiple positioning grooves arranged in rows and columns; two adjacent positioning grooves in the same row or column are not connected; the positioning protrusions located circumferentially in a positioning groove are used to limit the battery cell located in the positioning groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the airflow channel includes a main air duct and multiple branch air ducts. The main air duct is connected to the outside of the housing structure. The branch air ducts are arranged parallel to the length direction in their extension direction. The multiple branch air ducts are connected to the main air duct respectively and are spaced apart along the width direction. A portion of the multiple air outlets is located on at least a portion of the multiple branch air ducts. The air outlet is the first air outlet, and the extension direction of the first air outlet is parallel to the length direction. The housing structure and multiple battery cells are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane. The projection of the first air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple positioning protrusions.

[0011] Furthermore, the airflow channel also includes multiple connecting air passages, the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction, and the two ends of which are connected to two adjacent branch air passages respectively; the multiple connecting air passages located between the same two adjacent branch air passages are spaced apart along the length direction; a portion of the multiple air outlets is located on at least a portion of the connecting air passages, and the air outlet is a second air outlet, the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction; wherein, when the housing structure and multiple battery cells are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projection of the second air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple positioning protrusions.

[0012] Furthermore, the base plate structure has multiple spaced positioning grooves on the side facing the receiving cavity, and the multiple positioning grooves correspond one-to-one with multiple battery cells to fix and support the battery cells; the battery cells located in different positioning grooves are spaced apart to form heat dissipation gaps; the outer periphery of the battery cell is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer, and the positioning groove is also used to receive the thermally conductive metal layer molten on the battery cell located in the positioning groove; and / or, the width of the heat dissipation gap is not less than 2 mm and not more than 6 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the base plate structure includes an upper plate, a middle plate, and a lower plate. The middle plate is fixedly installed below the upper plate and is hollowed out to support and bear the upper plate. The lower plate is installed below the middle plate to protect and bear the upper and middle plates.

[0014] Furthermore, the middle plate includes a first support beam, a second support beam, and multiple branch beams; the middle part of the first support beam is fixedly connected to the middle part of the second support beam, and the extension direction of the first support beam and the extension direction of the second support beam form an angle to form an X-shaped cross structure; the X-shaped cross structure has four hollow spaces, and each hollow space is provided with at least one branch beam; the two ends of the branch beam are fixedly connected to the first support beam and the second support beam, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, each hollow space is provided with multiple branch beams; the multiple branch beams located in the same hollow space are equidistant and parallel; wherein, the extension direction of the first support beam is not perpendicular to the extension direction of the second support beam; the box structure has a width direction and a length direction that are perpendicular to each other in the horizontal direction; the extension direction of the first support beam and the extension direction of the second support beam are respectively at an angle to the length direction, and the extension direction of the branch beam is parallel to the width direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper plate is made of aluminum alloy; and / or the middle plate is made of titanium alloy; and / or the lower plate is made of aluminum alloy, and the lower plate seals the hollow space of the middle plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the battery box also includes an intake fan, which is connected to the airflow channel and is used to drive airflow into the airflow channel and flow along the airflow channel; and / or, the battery box also includes an exhaust fan, and the box structure also has an exhaust channel connected to the receiving cavity, which is connected to the exhaust channel and is used to drive airflow out of the receiving cavity from the exhaust channel.

[0018] Furthermore, in the case where the battery box includes an inlet fan and an outlet fan, the airflow channel is located at the upper part of the box structure, the inlet fan is located at the entrance of the airflow channel, and the entrance is located at one end of the box structure; the outlet channel is located at the bottom of the box structure, the outlet fan is located at the outlet of the outlet channel, and the outlet is located at the other end of the box structure.

[0019] This application also provides a battery pack, which includes the aforementioned battery box and a plurality of battery cells.

[0020] Furthermore, the base plate structure has multiple spaced positioning slots on the side facing the receiving cavity, and multiple battery cells are matched with the multiple positioning slots one by one; the outer periphery of the battery cell is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer, and at least a portion of the battery cell's thermally conductive metal layer is located in the heat dissipation gap, and the thermally conductive metal layer is used for heat exchange.

[0021] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the thermally conductive metal layer is covered with a flexible encapsulation film; the thermally conductive metal layer melts at a temperature higher than the melting temperature; the thermally conductive metal layer is fixed on the outer periphery of the battery cell at a temperature not higher than the melting temperature; wherein, the leakage temperature is higher than the melting temperature; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the melting temperature but not higher than the leakage temperature, the interior of the flexible encapsulation film houses the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the leakage temperature, the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state flows out from the flexible encapsulation film, at which point the positioning groove houses the molten thermally conductive metal layer.

[0022] In this solution, the present application provides a battery box, including: a box structure and a base plate structure; a receiving cavity is formed between the base plate structure and the box structure, the receiving cavity being used to accommodate multiple battery cells; the box structure has an airflow channel communicating with the receiving cavity; wherein, the multiple battery cells are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap; gas flowing out from the airflow channel flows through the heat dissipation gap for heat exchange.

[0023] This application creates heat dissipation gaps by setting multiple cell spacings, allowing gas flowing out of the airflow channel to exchange heat through these gaps, thereby improving the uniformity of heat dissipation for multiple cells. Compared to existing battery packs using air cooling, the temperature difference between cells in this application is small, which does not compromise cell consistency and allows heat to be quickly dissipated to the outside of the battery pack, resulting in high effective heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring the safety and lifespan of the battery pack. Compared to existing battery packs using liquid cooling, the battery pack structure in this application is simple, easy to manufacture, and inexpensive. The overall energy density of the battery pack can be improved through lightweight design of the base plate structure. The battery pack proposed in this application has a reasonable heat dissipation design that meets the requirements for cell heat dissipation, and its simple structure and low cost make it suitable for widespread use. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of a battery pack provided in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery pack provided in one embodiment of the present application from a frontal viewing angle;

[0027] Figure 3 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a box structure provided in one embodiment of the present application from a bottom view angle;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the specific structure of the base plate provided in one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0029] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0030] 10. Housing structure; 11. Airflow channel; 111. Air outlet; 112. Main air duct; 113. Branch air duct; 114. Connecting air duct;

[0031] 20. Base plate structure; 21. Upper plate; 211. Positioning groove; 212. Positioning protrusion; 22. Middle plate; 221. First support beam; 222. Second support beam; 223. Branch beam; 23. Lower plate;

[0032] 30. Receiving cavity;

[0033] 40. Battery cell; 41. Heat dissipation gap;

[0034] 50. Air intake fan. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this application or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this application provides a battery box, including: a box structure 10 and a bottom plate structure 20; a receiving cavity 30 is formed between the bottom plate structure 20 and the box structure 10, the receiving cavity 30 is used to receive a plurality of battery cells 40; the box structure 10 has an airflow channel 11 communicating with the receiving cavity 30; wherein, the plurality of battery cells 40 are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap 41; the gas flowing out from the airflow channel 11 flows through the heat dissipation gap 41 to exchange heat.

[0037] This application creates a heat dissipation gap 41 by arranging the battery cells 40 in different positioning slots 211 at intervals. This allows the gas flowing out of the airflow channel 11 to flow through the heat dissipation gap 41 for heat exchange, thereby improving the heat dissipation uniformity of the multiple battery cells 40. Compared with existing battery packs that use air cooling, the temperature difference between the battery cells 40 in this application is small, which does not affect the consistency of the battery cells 40. It can quickly dissipate heat to the outside of the battery box, resulting in high effective heat dissipation efficiency and ensuring the safety and service life of the battery pack. Compared with existing battery packs that use liquid cooling, the battery box structure of this application is simple, easy to process and form, and inexpensive. The overall energy density of the battery pack can be improved through the lightweight design of the base plate structure 20. The battery box proposed in this application has a reasonable heat dissipation design, which can meet the heat dissipation requirements of the battery cells 40. It has a simple structure and low cost, making it suitable for widespread use.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the bottom plate structure 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing structure 10; the side of the bottom plate structure 20 facing the receiving cavity 30 has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves 211, each positioning groove 211 engaging with at least one battery cell 40 to fix and support the battery cell 40; wherein the battery cells 40 located in different positioning grooves 211 are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap 41. By providing a plurality of spaced positioning grooves 211 on the side of the bottom plate structure 20 facing the receiving cavity 30, this application enables each positioning groove 211 to engage with at least one battery cell 40, thereby achieving clamp-free fixation and reliable support of the battery cell 40.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the airflow channel 11 is located on the upper part of the housing structure 10. The airflow channel 11 has multiple air outlets 111 for air outlet. The air outlets 111 are connected to the receiving cavity 30. At least a portion of the multiple air outlets 111 are arranged facing the battery cell 40 or the heat dissipation gap 41. When the housing structure 10 and the multiple battery cells 40 are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projection of at least a portion of the multiple air outlets 111 at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple heat dissipation gaps 41.

[0040] By providing multiple air outlets 111 on the upper part of the housing structure 10, it is ensured that the airflow can be evenly distributed to the surface of each battery cell 40, especially those battery cells 40 located in the middle and deep part of the housing structure 10. The layout of the air outlets 111 matches the position of the heat dissipation gap 41, allowing the airflow to pass directly through the heat dissipation gap 41 and contact the surface of the battery cell 40, thereby improving the convective heat dissipation efficiency. The above design makes the airflow distribution inside the housing structure 10 more uniform, and each battery cell 40 can be effectively cooled, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the battery cells 40 and improving the overall performance of the battery pack.

[0041] Application scenarios include, but are not limited to, power battery systems for electric vehicles, as well as industrial energy storage systems that require high heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity. The actual use process includes starting the ventilation system of the battery box (e.g., the air intake fan 50), with airflow entering from the inlet of the airflow channel 11, passing through multiple air outlets 111, and finally exchanging heat with the battery cell 40 through the heat dissipation gap 41 to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the bottom plate structure 20 has multiple positioning protrusions 212 on the side facing the receiving cavity 30. The bottom plate structure 20 has a width direction and a length direction that are horizontal and perpendicular to each other. The multiple positioning protrusions 212 are arranged in rows at intervals along the width direction and in columns at intervals along the length direction to form multiple positioning grooves 211 arranged in rows and columns. Two adjacent positioning grooves 211 located in the same row or column are not connected. The positioning protrusions 212 located around a positioning groove 211 are used to limit the battery cell 40 located in the positioning groove 211.

[0043] The combined use of positioning grooves 211 and positioning protrusions 212 is based on the need for efficient utilization of the internal space of the battery box and the stable fixation of the battery cells 40. By setting the positioning protrusions 212 to be arranged in a staggered row and column manner to form multiple independent positioning grooves 211, this design not only ensures that each battery cell 40 has its own fixed position and avoids movement inside the box structure 10, but also forms a heat dissipation gap 41 through the isolation of the positioning grooves 211, which is conducive to smooth airflow and improves heat dissipation efficiency. The above design makes the internal structure of the battery box more compact, the fixation of the battery cells 40 more stable, and the heat dissipation performance improved, reducing the risk of thermal runaway.

[0044] In actual use, the battery cells 40 are placed one by one into the corresponding positioning slots 211. The positioning protrusions 212 ensure the stability of the battery cells 40 in the positioning slots 211, while forming a heat dissipation gap 41 to create conditions for subsequent airflow heat dissipation.

[0045] In addition, it is worth noting that the above design also makes the width dimension of the positioning protrusion 212 in the width direction correspond to the width dimension of the heat dissipation gap 41 at the location of the positioning protrusion 212, and the length dimension of the positioning protrusion 212 in the length direction correspond to the length dimension of the heat dissipation gap 41 at the location of the positioning protrusion 212.

[0046] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the airflow channel 11 includes a main air duct 112 and multiple branch air ducts 113. The main air duct 112 is connected to the outside of the housing structure 10. The extension direction of the branch air ducts 113 is parallel to the length direction. The multiple branch air ducts 113 are connected to the main air duct 112 respectively and are spaced apart along the width direction. A portion of the multiple air outlets 111 is located on at least a portion of the multiple branch air ducts 113. The air outlet 111 is the first air outlet. The extension direction of the first air outlet is parallel to the length direction. When the housing structure 10 and the multiple battery cells 40 are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projection of the first air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple positioning protrusions 212.

[0047] The design of the branch air duct 113 and the air outlet 111 is intended to optimize the airflow path inside the housing structure 10, ensuring that the airflow can evenly cover the surface of all the battery cells 40 and the heat dissipation gap 41. The main air duct 112 serves as the airflow inlet, while the branch air duct 113 is responsible for guiding the airflow to different areas of the housing structure 10, especially those areas where the battery cells 40 are densely packed. The setting of the first air outlet takes into account the maximization of the contact between the airflow and the circumferential surface of the battery cell 40. By coinciding with the projection of the positioning groove 211 and the positioning protrusion 212, it ensures that the airflow can directly blow onto the high-efficiency heat dissipation surface of the battery cell 40 (such as the outer circumferential surface located in the heat dissipation gap 41), thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0048] The above design enables more precise thermal management inside the battery box, more uniform airflow distribution, effectively reduces the maximum temperature of the battery cell 40, and improves the overall stability and safety of the battery system.

[0049] In one specific embodiment of this application, the main air duct 112 and the multiple branch air ducts 113 adopt a biomimetic leaf vein-shaped air duct design (e.g., similar to the shape design of the main vein and branch veins on a leaf), which can effectively reduce the flow resistance between the main air duct 112 and the multiple branch air ducts 113 and ensure the uniformity of airflow distribution; the size ratio of the main air duct 112 and the multiple branch air ducts 113 can adopt the golden ratio, and together with the inlet fan 50 and the outlet fan, a low-power directional airflow drive can be achieved, which can effectively distribute airflow and dissipate heat.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the airflow channel 11 also includes multiple connecting air passages 114, the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction, and the two ends of which are connected to two adjacent branch air passages 113 respectively; the multiple connecting air passages 114 located between the same two adjacent branch air passages 113 are spaced apart along the length direction; a portion of the multiple air outlets 111 is located on at least a portion of the connecting air passages 114, and the air outlet 111 is a second air outlet, the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction; wherein, when the housing structure 10 and the multiple battery cells 40 are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projection of the second air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple positioning protrusions 212.

[0051] By connecting the air duct 114 with the second air vent, the airflow field inside the battery box is further improved, ensuring uniform distribution of airflow in different directions (e.g., width and length). The connecting air duct 114 allows airflow to flow freely in the width direction of the battery box, preventing localized excessively strong or weak airflow. Matching the second air vent with the positioning protrusion 212 ensures that airflow directly acts on the heat dissipation surface of the battery cell 40 within the heat dissipation gap 41, improving heat dissipation efficiency. These designs result in a more balanced airflow distribution inside the battery box, more precise temperature control of the battery cell 40, and help extend battery life and reduce the risk of thermal runaway.

[0052] Specifically, the base plate structure 20 has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves 211 on the side facing the receiving cavity 30. The plurality of positioning grooves 211 correspond one-to-one with a plurality of battery cells 40 to fix and support the battery cells 40. The battery cells 40 located in different positioning grooves 211 are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap 41. The outer periphery of the battery cell 40 is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer. The positioning grooves 211 are also used to receive the thermally conductive metal layer molten on the battery cell 40 located in the positioning grooves 211. And / or, the width of the heat dissipation gap 41 is not less than 2 mm and not more than 6 mm.

[0053] The one-to-one matching design between the positioning groove 211 and the battery cell 40 improves heat dissipation efficiency and ensures stable fixation of the battery cell 40. By coating the outer periphery of the battery cell 40 with a thermally conductive metal layer, not only is the heat exchange efficiency between the battery cell 40 and the surrounding environment improved, but it also acts as a protective layer for the battery cell 40 to a certain extent. When the battery cell 40 operates under extreme conditions and the thermally conductive metal layer melts, the positioning groove 211 can collect the molten metal and prevent it from flowing into other critical parts of the battery box, thus avoiding short circuits or other malfunctions. The size design of the heat dissipation gap 41 ensures that airflow can flow smoothly between the battery cells 40, carrying away heat, while avoiding excessive airflow resistance and ensuring heat dissipation effect.

[0054] This design significantly enhances the thermal management capabilities of the battery box, effectively controlling the temperature of the battery cell 40 even under high-load operating conditions, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery system. During actual use, airflow carries away the heat from the battery cell 40 through the heat dissipation gap 41. Under abnormally high temperature conditions, the thermally conductive metal layer melts and is collected by the positioning groove 211, preventing damage to the internal circuitry of the battery box.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the base plate structure 20 includes an upper plate 21, a middle plate 22, and a lower plate 23. The middle plate 22 is fixedly installed at the lower part of the upper plate 21 and is hollowed out to support and bear the upper plate 21. The lower plate 23 is installed at the lower part of the middle plate 22 to protect and bear the upper plate 21 and the middle plate 22.

[0056] The layered design of the base plate structure 20 improves the overall structural strength of the battery box and reduces its weight. The upper plate 21 serves as the direct support platform for the battery cells 40, while the middle plate 22, with its hollow structure, reduces weight and provides sufficient support strength to ensure the stability of the upper plate 21. The lower plate 23 protects the upper plate 21 and middle plate 22 from external impacts and also acts as a seal to prevent moisture and other external factors from entering the battery box. This design makes the overall structure of the battery box more robust, effectively reduces weight, and improves the energy density and safety of the battery system.

[0057] In one specific embodiment of this application, the upper plate 21 has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves 211 on the side facing the receiving cavity 30, each positioning groove 211 being matched with a battery cell 40 to fix and support the battery cell 40.

[0058] In one specific embodiment of this application, the upper plate 21 has a plurality of positioning protrusions 212 on the side facing the receiving cavity 30. The upper plate 21 has a width direction and a length direction that are horizontal and perpendicular to each other. The plurality of positioning protrusions 212 are arranged in rows at intervals along the width direction and in columns at intervals along the length direction, so as to form a plurality of positioning grooves 211 arranged in rows and columns.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the middle plate 22 includes a first support beam 221, a second support beam 222, and multiple branch beams 223; the middle part of the first support beam 221 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the second support beam 222, and the extension direction of the first support beam 221 and the extension direction of the second support beam 222 form an angle to form an X-shaped cross structure; the X-shaped cross structure has four hollow spaces, and each hollow space is provided with at least one branch beam 223; the two ends of the branch beam 223 are fixedly connected to the first support beam 221 and the second support beam 222 respectively.

[0060] The X-shaped cross structure design of the middle plate 22 achieves lightweight and high strength. The X-shaped cross structure formed by the first support beam 221 and the second support beam 222 not only disperses the weight of the battery cell 40 and reduces the pressure on the base plate, but also absorbs energy through the structure when subjected to impact, protecting the battery cell 40 from damage. The setting of the branch beam 223 further strengthens the structural strength of the middle plate 22, ensuring stability and reliability under various load conditions. The above design enables the base plate structure 20 of the battery box to effectively control its weight while ensuring sufficient strength, thereby improving the overall performance and safety of the battery pack.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, each hollow space is provided with multiple branch beams 223; the multiple branch beams 223 located in the same hollow space are equidistant and parallel; wherein, the extension direction of the first support beam 221 is not perpendicular to the extension direction of the second support beam 222; the box structure 10 has a width direction and a length direction that are perpendicular to each other in the horizontal direction; the extension direction of the first support beam 221 and the extension direction of the second support beam 222 are respectively at an angle to the length direction, and the extension direction of the branch beam 223 is parallel to the width direction.

[0062] The arrangement of the branch beams 223 improves the structural strength of the middle plate 22. The equally spaced and parallel arrangement of the branch beams 223 not only evenly distributes the weight of the battery cell 40 but also facilitates processing and forming. The non-perpendicular angle design of the first support beam 221 and the second support beam 222 allows the middle plate 22 to distribute support forces in multiple directions when under pressure, improving the structure's compressive strength and stability. This arrangement significantly enhances the strength of the battery box's base plate structure 20, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the battery system.

[0063] Optionally, the upper plate 21 is made of aluminum alloy; and / or, the middle plate 22 is made of titanium alloy; and / or, the lower plate 23 is made of aluminum alloy, and the lower plate 23 seals the hollow space of the middle plate 22.

[0064] The selection of the aforementioned materials is based on the need to improve the overall mechanical performance and reduce the weight of the battery box. Aluminum alloy, due to its good thermal conductivity and light weight, was chosen as the manufacturing material for the upper plate 21 and lower plate 23, which can effectively dissipate heat without significantly increasing the weight of the battery box. Titanium alloy, due to its high strength and corrosion resistance, was used in the manufacture of the middle plate 22, ensuring the strength and stability of the battery box's base structure 20. At the same time, the lightweight properties of titanium alloy also help reduce the overall weight. This design allows the battery box to effectively control its weight while ensuring structural strength and heat dissipation performance, improving the overall performance and safety of the battery system, and also reducing production costs.

[0065] In one specific embodiment of this application, the base plate structure 20 adopts a lightweight skeletal topology optimization design. The base plate structure 20 adopts a layered composite structure. The upper plate 21 is made of 6061 aluminum alloy, and multiple positioning slots 211 form a square honeycomb structure. By matching the size of the positioning slots 211 with the outer dimensions of the battery cell 40, the battery cell 40 can be self-positioned without clamps. The middle plate 22 is made of titanium alloy and adopts an X-shaped first support beam 221 and a second support beam 222, combined with multiple distributed branch beams 223, to achieve a multi-level stress distribution and multi-level load transfer system, taking into account both lightweight and high strength. The lower plate 23 is made of 6061 aluminum alloy and covers, protects and encloses the upper plate 21 and the middle plate 22.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the battery box also includes an air intake fan 50, which is connected to the airflow channel 11 and is used to drive airflow into the airflow channel 11 and flow along the airflow channel 11; and / or, the battery box also includes an air outlet fan, and the box structure 10 also has an air outlet channel connected to the receiving cavity 30, with the air outlet fan connected to the air outlet channel and used to drive airflow out of the receiving cavity 30 from the air outlet channel.

[0067] The design of the intake fan 50 and the exhaust fan meets the requirements of airflow circulation and improved heat dissipation efficiency within the battery box. The intake fan 50 is responsible for introducing fresh external air into the airflow channel 11, while the exhaust fan is responsible for expelling the hot air after heat exchange from inside the box structure 10. The rational layout of the fans and the design of the airflow channel 11 ensure smooth airflow within the box structure 10, improving heat exchange efficiency and reducing the operating temperature of the battery cell 40. This design makes the battery box's thermal management more efficient, the temperature control of the battery cell 40 more precise, and improves the overall performance and safety of the battery system.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, with the battery box including an inlet fan 50 and an outlet fan, the airflow channel 11 is located at the upper part of the box structure 10, the inlet fan 50 is located at the inlet of the airflow channel 11, and the inlet is located at one end of the box structure 10; the outlet channel is located at the bottom of the box structure 10, the outlet fan is located at the outlet of the outlet channel, and the outlet is located at the other end of the box structure 10.

[0069] The placement of the intake fan 50 and the exhaust fan meets the requirements of optimizing airflow path and improving heat dissipation efficiency. The intake fan 50 is located at the inlet of the airflow channel 11 at one end of the housing structure 10, which ensures that fresh air can directly enter the airflow channel 11 and reduce the resistance before the airflow enters. The exhaust fan is located at the outlet of the exhaust channel at the other end of the housing structure 10, which can effectively guide hot air out of the housing structure 10 and prevent hot air from lingering inside the battery box, thus affecting the heat dissipation effect. The reasonable layout of the fan positions ensures smooth airflow, improves heat exchange efficiency, and reduces the operating temperature of the battery cell 40.

[0070] In addition, the design of the air intake fan 50 and the air outlet fan located at both ends of the housing structure 10 ensures that the airflow is completely discharged after passing through the housing structure 10, thus preventing fresh airflow from flowing out of the housing cavity 30 before completing the convection cooling process, thereby ensuring efficient heat dissipation.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, this application also provides a battery pack, which includes the battery box described above, and the battery pack also includes a plurality of battery cells 40.

[0072] The battery pack proposed in this application provides a stable operating environment for multiple battery cells 40. It not only enables efficient thermal management by utilizing the airflow channels 11 and heat dissipation gaps 41 of the battery pack, but also provides stable physical support and protection through the base plate structure 20 and the casing structure 10 of the battery pack.

[0073] Specifically, multiple battery cells 40 are matched one-to-one with multiple positioning slots 211; the outer periphery of the battery cell 40 is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer, and at least a portion of the thermally conductive metal layer of the battery cell 40 is located within the heat dissipation gap 41, and the thermally conductive metal layer is used for heat exchange.

[0074] The design of the cell 40 and the positioning groove 211 is based on the need to improve heat dissipation efficiency and ensure the stability of the cell 40. The thermally conductive metal layer not only improves the heat exchange efficiency between the cell 40 and the surrounding environment, but also acts as a protective layer for the cell 40 to a certain extent. When the cell 40 operates under extreme conditions and the thermally conductive metal layer melts, the positioning groove 211 can collect the molten metal, preventing it from flowing into other critical parts of the battery pack and causing short circuits or other malfunctions. The above design significantly enhances the thermal management capability of the battery pack, effectively controlling the temperature of the cell 40 even under high-load operating conditions, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the battery system.

[0075] Optionally, the outer periphery of the thermally conductive metal layer is covered with a flexible encapsulation film; the thermally conductive metal layer melts at a temperature higher than the melting temperature; the thermally conductive metal layer is fixed on the outer periphery of the battery cell 40 at a temperature not higher than the melting temperature; wherein, the leakage temperature is higher than the melting temperature; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the melting temperature but not higher than the leakage temperature, the interior of the flexible encapsulation film houses the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the leakage temperature, the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state flows out from the flexible encapsulation film, at which time the positioning groove 211 houses the molten thermally conductive metal layer.

[0076] The combined use of the thermally conductive metal layer and the flexible encapsulation film meets the requirements of improving the thermal management capability of the battery pack and ensuring system safety. The thermally conductive metal layer is fixed to the outer periphery of the cell 40 at normal operating temperature, improving the heat exchange efficiency between the cell 40 and the surrounding environment. When the cell 40 operates under extreme conditions, causing the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer to exceed its melting point, the flexible encapsulation film can temporarily contain the molten metal, preventing immediate leakage and providing the system with sufficient response time to take measures to avoid accidents. This design enables the battery pack to effectively prevent leakage of the thermally conductive metal layer when facing sudden high temperatures through the buffering effect of the flexible encapsulation film, thus improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0077] In one specific embodiment of this application, the thermally conductive metal layer is made of a high-gallium-based liquid metal material (e.g., a high-gallium-based liquid metal material with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a thermal conductivity of 30 W / m·K), which can effectively remove heat from the surface of the cell 40. The encapsulation flexible film is made of a PDMS flexible film with low contact thermal resistance, and a hot plug with a melting point of 65°C (i.e., the corresponding leakage temperature) is set at the bottom of the encapsulation flexible film. When the temperature is higher than 65°C (i.e., the corresponding leakage temperature), the hot plug melts, and the thermally conductive metal layer in the molten state flows out from the encapsulation flexible film through the hot plug. At this time, the positioning groove 211 collects the molten thermally conductive metal layer to prevent the cell 40 from short-circuiting.

[0078] It should be noted that the PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) flexible film in the above embodiments is a high-performance organosilicon material, widely used in the encapsulation, heat dissipation, and protection of batteries and other electronic devices due to its unique physicochemical properties. The PDMS flexible film used in this application has the following characteristics: 1. High thermal stability: The PDMS flexible film can maintain its physical properties over a wide temperature range, typically withstanding temperatures from -60℃ to 200℃. This allows it to operate stably in the high-temperature environment of the battery pack without failing due to temperature changes; 2. Good insulation: The PDMS flexible film is a good insulating material, which is crucial in battery pack design as it prevents short circuits between cells 40 or between cells 40 and other metal components of the battery pack, improving the overall safety of the battery pack; 3. Flexibility and elasticity: The PDMS flexible film exhibits excellent flexibility and elasticity. 4. Low contact thermal resistance: In a heat dissipation scheme where liquid metal is coated on the surface of the cell 40, the low contact thermal resistance of the PDMS flexible film means that it can effectively promote heat exchange between the liquid metal and the surface of the cell 40, improving heat dissipation efficiency; 5. Moisture permeable but air impermeable: The PDMS flexible film has the characteristics of being moisture permeable but air impermeable, which means that it can block oxygen and water vapor in the air, preventing oxidation and corrosion of the cell 40, while allowing volatile substances such as water vapor generated inside the battery to pass through, maintaining the humidity balance inside the battery; 6. Biocompatibility and non-toxicity: The PDMS flexible film is safe and harmless to the human body. This characteristic is also very important in battery pack design, especially when considering the recycling and environmental impact of the battery pack.

[0079] Therefore, the PDMS flexible film applied to the liquid metal heat dissipation layer on the surface of the battery cell 40 can prevent metal layer leakage. At the same time, when the battery cell 40 overheats, the hot plug on the PDMS film will open when a specific temperature is reached, allowing liquid metal to flow into a preset collection structure (e.g., positioning groove 211), thereby avoiding the risk of short circuit.

[0080] A specific embodiment of this application will now be described in detail below:

[0081] The surface of the battery cell 40 is coated with gallium-based liquid metal with high thermal conductivity, which is then installed and fixed in conjunction with multiple positioning slots 211 arranged in a honeycomb pattern on the upper plate 21 of the battery pack. Sufficient heat dissipation gaps are formed between the multiple battery cells 40 arranged in a matrix. The bottom plate structure 20 of the battery pack adopts a lightweight and high-strength three-layer composite structure (i.e., upper plate 21, middle plate 22, and lower plate 23). The positioning slots 211 on the upper plate 21 serve to position the battery cells 40 and collect the liquid metal coated on the surface of the battery cells 40. The middle plate 22 is made of titanium alloy and, through the mechanical design of the first support beam 221, the second support beam 222, and multiple branch beams 223, achieves both lightweight and high-strength load-bearing capacity. Functions: The lower plate 23 has a sealing function to protect the upper plate 21 and the middle plate 22; the battery pack's housing structure 10 has a leaf-vein-shaped airflow channel 11 formed by casting. The intake fan 50 blows cooling air evenly through multiple air outlets 111 to the surface of the battery cell 40 and the heat dissipation gap 41 (including the battery cell 40 located in the middle part of the housing cavity 30). The exhaust fan draws hot air out of the battery pack, ensuring that the overall temperature of the pack is low and the temperature difference between the battery cells 40 is small, thereby making the overall heat dissipation of the battery pack good and the temperature difference between the battery cells 40 small, which can effectively ensure the performance and service life of the battery pack; the overall design of the battery pack proposed in this application takes into account both lightweight and high strength, resulting in high energy efficiency of the battery pack.

[0082] This application employs a heat dissipation method that combines coating the surface of the battery cell 40 with a gallium-based liquid metal with high thermal conductivity with a cast airflow channel 11 within the battery pack's housing structure 10. This method effectively and efficiently removes the heat generated during the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 40. The specific design of the airflow channel 11 ensures uniform airflow distribution, thereby enabling efficient heat dissipation for all multiple battery cells 40. The small temperature difference between the battery cells 40 effectively improves product performance and extends product lifespan. The base plate structure in this application adopts a lightweight, high-strength three-layer design, facilitating welding and fixing. The upper plate 21 and lower plate 23 are made of high-strength aluminum alloy to achieve a balance between mechanical properties and weight. In achieving optimal balance, the middle plate 22 is made of titanium alloy and employs an X-shaped distribution of first support beams 221 and second support beams 222, along with multiple distributed branch beams 223, to achieve multi-level stress distribution. Compared with traditional liquid-cooled base plates that require mold processing, the base plate structure 20 can be manufactured using welding and 3D printing technology, which facilitates the processing and molding of the base plate structure 20 and offers significant cost advantages. In addition, the arrangement of the battery cells 40 in the battery pack proposed in this application also differs from that of ordinary battery packs. There is a gap of about 4mm between each adjacent battery cell 40 in the battery pack of this application to form a heat dissipation gap 41.

[0083] In summary, this application provides a battery box and battery pack. By providing a base plate structure 20 with multiple spaced positioning grooves 211 on the side facing the receiving cavity 30, each positioning groove 211 can be positioned and engaged with at least one battery cell 40, thereby achieving clamp-free fixation and reliable support of the battery cell 40. By spaced the battery cells 40 located in different positioning grooves 211, a heat dissipation gap 41 is formed, allowing the gas flowing out of the airflow channel 11 to flow through the heat dissipation gap 41 for heat exchange, thus improving the heat dissipation uniformity of the multiple battery cells 40. Compared with existing air-cooled systems… In this application, the temperature difference between the cells 40 in the thermally cooled battery pack is small, which does not affect the consistency of the cells 40. It can quickly dissipate heat to the outside of the battery box, resulting in high effective heat dissipation efficiency and thus ensuring the safety and service life of the battery pack. Compared with the existing battery packs that use liquid cooling, the battery box structure of this application is simple, easy to process and form, and inexpensive. The overall energy density of the battery pack can be improved in the future through the lightweight design of the base plate structure 20. The battery box proposed in this application has a reasonable heat dissipation design, which can meet the heat dissipation requirements of the cells 40. It has a simple structure and low cost, making it suitable for widespread use.

[0084] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0085] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0086] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0087] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0088] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery box, characterized in that, include: The enclosure structure (10) and the base plate structure (20) form a receiving cavity (30) between the base plate structure (20) and the enclosure structure (10), the receiving cavity (30) being used to accommodate multiple battery cells (40); the enclosure structure (10) has an airflow channel (11) communicating with the receiving cavity (30); wherein, the multiple battery cells (40) are spaced apart to form a heat dissipation gap (41); the gas flowing out from the airflow channel (11) flows through the heat dissipation gap (41) for heat exchange.

2. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airflow channel (11) is disposed on the upper part of the housing structure (10). The airflow channel (11) has a plurality of air outlets (111) for air outlet. The air outlets (111) are connected to the receiving cavity (30). At least a portion of the plurality of air outlets (111) are disposed facing the battery cell (40) or the heat dissipation gap (41). The housing structure (10) and the plurality of battery cells (40) are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane. The projection of at least a portion of the air outlets (111) at least partially overlaps with the projection of the plurality of heat dissipation gaps (41).

3. The battery box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom plate structure (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing structure (10); the bottom plate structure (20) has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves (211) on the side facing the receiving cavity (30), each positioning groove (211) is limited to at least one battery cell (40) to fix and support the battery cell (40); the battery cells (40) located in different positioning grooves (211) are spaced apart to form the heat dissipation gap (41); The base plate structure (20) has a plurality of positioning protrusions (212) on the side facing the receiving cavity (30). The base plate structure (20) has a width direction and a length direction that are horizontal and perpendicular to each other. The plurality of positioning protrusions (212) are arranged in rows at intervals along the width direction and in columns at intervals along the length direction to form a plurality of positioning grooves (211) arranged in rows and columns. Two adjacent positioning grooves (211) located in the same row or column are not connected. The positioning protrusions (212) located circumferentially in a positioning groove (211) are used to limit the battery cell (40) located in the positioning groove (211).

4. The battery box according to claim 3, characterized in that, The airflow channel (11) includes a main air duct (112) and multiple branch air ducts (113). The main air duct (112) is connected to the outside of the housing structure (10). The extension direction of the branch air ducts (113) is parallel to the length direction. The multiple branch air ducts (113) are respectively connected to the main air duct (112) and are spaced apart along the width direction. A portion of the multiple air outlets (111) is located on at least a portion of the multiple branch air ducts (113). The air outlet (111) is a first air outlet. The extension direction of the first air outlet is parallel to the length direction. The housing structure (10) and the multiple battery cells (40) are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane. The projection of the first air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the multiple positioning protrusions (212).

5. The battery box according to claim 4, characterized in that, The airflow channel (11) further includes a plurality of connecting air passages (114), the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction, and the two ends of which are connected to two adjacent branch air passages (113); the plurality of connecting air passages (114) located between the same two adjacent branch air passages (113) are spaced apart along the length direction; a portion of the plurality of air outlets (111) is located on at least a portion of the connecting air passages (114), and the air outlet (111) is a second air outlet, the extension direction of which is parallel to the width direction; wherein, when the housing structure (10) and the plurality of battery cells (40) are projected from top to bottom onto the same horizontal plane, the projection of the second air outlet at least partially overlaps with the projection of the plurality of positioning protrusions (212).

6. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate structure (20) has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves (211) on the side facing the receiving cavity (30). The plurality of positioning grooves (211) correspond one-to-one with the plurality of battery cells (40) to fix and support the battery cells (40). The battery cells (40) located in different positioning grooves (211) are spaced apart to form the heat dissipation gap (41). The outer periphery of the battery cell (40) is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer. The positioning groove (211) is also used to receive the thermally conductive metal layer melted on the battery cell (40) located in the positioning groove (211). And / or, the width of the heat dissipation gap (41) is not less than 2 mm and not more than 6 mm.

7. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate structure (20) includes an upper plate (21), a middle plate (22) and a lower plate (23). The middle plate (22) is fixedly disposed at the lower part of the upper plate (21) and is hollowed out to support and bear the upper plate (21). The lower plate (23) is disposed at the lower part of the middle plate (22) to protect and bear the upper plate (21) and the middle plate (22).

8. The battery box according to claim 7, characterized in that, The middle plate (22) includes a first support beam (221), a second support beam (222), and multiple branch beams (223); the middle part of the first support beam (221) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the second support beam (222), and the extension direction of the first support beam (221) and the extension direction of the second support beam (222) form an angle to form an X-shaped cross structure; the X-shaped cross structure has four hollow spaces, and each hollow space is provided with at least one branch beam (223); the two ends of the branch beam (223) are fixedly connected to the first support beam (221) and the second support beam (222) respectively.

9. The battery box according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the hollow spaces is provided with a plurality of branch beams (223); the plurality of branch beams (223) located in the same hollow space are equidistant and parallel; wherein, the extension direction of the first support beam (221) is not perpendicular to the extension direction of the second support beam (222); the box structure (10) has a width direction and a length direction that are perpendicular to each other in the horizontal direction; the extension direction of the first support beam (221) and the extension direction of the second support beam (222) are respectively at an angle to the length direction, and the extension direction of the branch beam (223) is parallel to the width direction.

10. The battery box according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper plate (21) is made of aluminum alloy; and / or the middle plate (22) is made of titanium alloy; and / or the lower plate (23) is made of aluminum alloy, and the lower plate (23) seals the hollow space of the middle plate (22).

11. The battery box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery box also includes an air intake fan (50), which is connected to the airflow channel (11) and is used to drive airflow into the airflow channel (11) and flow along the airflow channel (11); And / or, the battery box further includes an exhaust fan, and the box structure (10) also has an exhaust channel communicating with the receiving cavity (30). The exhaust fan is connected to the exhaust channel and is used to drive airflow from the exhaust channel out of the receiving cavity (30).

12. The battery box according to claim 11, characterized in that, With the battery box including the air inlet fan (50) and the air outlet fan, the airflow channel (11) is located at the upper part of the box structure (10), the air inlet fan (50) is located at the inlet of the airflow channel (11), and the inlet is located at one end of the box structure (10); the air outlet channel is located at the bottom of the box structure (10), the air outlet fan is located at the outlet of the air outlet channel, and the outlet is located at the other end of the box structure (10).

13. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery pack includes the battery box according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and the battery pack further includes a plurality of battery cells (40).

14. The battery pack according to claim 13, characterized in that, The bottom plate structure (20) has a plurality of spaced positioning grooves (211) on the side facing the receiving cavity (30). Multiple battery cells (40) are matched one-to-one with multiple positioning slots (211); the outer periphery of each battery cell (40) is coated with a thermally conductive metal layer, and at least a portion of the thermally conductive metal layer of each battery cell (40) is located within the heat dissipation gap (41), and the thermally conductive metal layer is used for heat exchange.

15. The battery pack according to claim 14, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the thermally conductive metal layer is covered with a flexible encapsulation film; the thermally conductive metal layer melts at a temperature higher than the melting temperature; the thermally conductive metal layer is fixed on the outer periphery of the battery cell (40) at a temperature not higher than the melting temperature; wherein, the leakage temperature is higher than the melting temperature; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the melting temperature but not higher than the leakage temperature, the interior of the flexible encapsulation film houses the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state; when the temperature of the thermally conductive metal layer is higher than the leakage temperature, the thermally conductive metal layer in a molten state flows out from the flexible encapsulation film, at which time, the positioning groove (211) houses the molten thermally conductive metal layer.

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