Supercapacitor charge and discharge system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion technology and provides a supercapacitor charging and discharging system, including: a supercapacitor module, an energy recovery system, a discharge system, a voltage detection circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit. The energy recovery system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a first control switch, and the discharge system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a second control switch. The input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control terminals of the first and second control switches respectively. The voltage comparison circuit outputs a first trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection module is greater than a first reference voltage, and outputs a second trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection module is less than the first reference voltage. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch to close, and the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch to close. This achieves rapid discharge across the entire voltage range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of controlled nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a supercapacitor charging and discharging system. Background Technology

[0002] Supercapacitors possess advantages such as high power density and long cycle life. In controlled nuclear fusion devices, supercapacitor modules, composed of multiple supercapacitors connected in series and parallel, serve as energy storage devices for superconducting coils, providing the necessary pulsed current. After the fusion reaction is complete, the supercapacitor modules may still store a very large amount of energy. If the supercapacitor module voltage is low, discharging it can generally be done directly using a discharge load. However, if the supercapacitor module voltage is high, using a discharge load not only results in a long discharge time but also causes the discharge load to generate a large amount of heat, making it difficult to achieve rapid and safe discharge.

[0003] Therefore, after the fusion reaction is completed, how to quickly and safely discharge the supercapacitor module with a high residual voltage has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a supercapacitor charging and discharging system to solve the technical problem in the prior art of how to quickly and safely discharge a supercapacitor module with a high residual voltage after the fusion reaction is completed.

[0005] According to a first aspect, this application provides a supercapacitor charging and discharging system, comprising: a supercapacitor module, an energy recovery system, a discharge system, a voltage detection circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit. The voltage detection circuit is connected to the supercapacitor module and is used to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor module. The energy recovery system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a first control switch, and the discharge system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a second control switch. The input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to a first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control terminals of the first control switch and the second control switch, respectively. The voltage comparison circuit outputs a first trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is greater than a first reference voltage, and outputs a second trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is less than the first reference voltage. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch to close, and the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch to close.

[0006] In one embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit includes a first voltage comparator, a first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and a second input terminal of which is connected to a first reference voltage terminal.

[0007] In one embodiment, the first trigger signal triggers the second control switch to open, and the second trigger signal controls the first control switch to open.

[0008] In one embodiment, the voltage detection circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module and a reference ground, and the voltage divider terminal of the first voltage divider circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit.

[0009] In one embodiment, the discharge system includes a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch connected in parallel with the first discharge branch; the second discharge branch includes a third control switch and a discharge resistor connected in series; the voltage comparison circuit further includes a second voltage comparator, the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to a second reference voltage terminal, and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the control terminal of the third control switch. When the voltage output at the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit is less than the second reference voltage, a third trigger signal is output, and the third trigger signal triggers the third control switch to close, wherein the voltage output at the second input terminal of the voltage detection circuit is less than the voltage output at the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the second reference voltage is less than the first reference voltage.

[0010] In one embodiment, the voltage detection circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module and a reference ground, and the voltage divider terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage comparator.

[0011] In one embodiment, the venting system further includes: a temperature acquisition unit for acquiring the temperature value of the load in the venting system; and a heat dissipation unit connected to the temperature acquisition unit for adjusting the heat dissipation efficiency of the load in the venting system based on the temperature value.

[0012] In one embodiment, the energy recovery system includes a bidirectional voltage converter connected between the energy recovery unit and the supercapacitor module.

[0013] In one embodiment, the energy recovery unit includes a power grid, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional AC-DC module.

[0014] In one embodiment, the energy recovery unit includes an energy storage module, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional DC-DC module.

[0015] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The supercapacitor charging and discharging system of this application includes: a supercapacitor module, an energy recovery system, a discharge system, a voltage detection circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit. The voltage detection circuit is connected to the supercapacitor module and is used to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor module. The energy recovery system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a first control switch, and the discharge system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a second control switch. The input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control terminals of the first control switch and the second control switch, respectively. The voltage comparison circuit outputs a first trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is greater than a first reference voltage, and outputs a second trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is less than the first reference voltage. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch to close, and the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch to close. The voltage comparator circuit outputs a corresponding signal by comparing the input voltage at the input terminal with the reference voltage at the reference terminal. The output terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparator circuit. When the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit is greater than the first reference voltage, that is, the supercapacitor module has more remaining energy and is in the high-voltage discharge stage, a first trigger signal is output. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch to close, enabling the energy recovery system. The energy recovery system recovers the electrical energy in the high-voltage discharge stage. As the discharge proceeds, the remaining energy of the supercapacitor module decreases, the discharge voltage decreases, and the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit also decreases. When the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit is less than the first reference voltage, it is in the medium-low voltage discharge stage, and a second trigger signal is output. The second trigger signal triggers the second control switch to close, enabling the discharge system to discharge the discharge energy of the supercapacitor module. This allows for the release of electrical energy through an energy recovery system during high-voltage phases and the discharge of electrical energy through a venting system during medium- and low-voltage phases. It enables the simultaneous utilization of the rapid discharge capability of the energy recovery system at high voltages and the rapid discharge capability of the venting system at low voltages, thus achieving rapid discharge of the supercapacitor module across the entire voltage range. It also enables the feedback and storage of the remaining energy of the supercapacitor module. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A modular schematic diagram of a supercapacitor charging and discharging system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2A modular schematic diagram of a supercapacitor charging and discharging system provided for another embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a supercapacitor charging and discharging system with a discharge branch provided for embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a multi-stage voltage divider circuit in a supercapacitor charging and discharging system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] This application proposes a supercapacitor charging and discharging system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the charging and discharging system includes a supercapacitor module 10, an energy recovery system 20, a discharge system 30, a voltage detection circuit 40, and a voltage comparison circuit 50. The voltage detection circuit 40 is connected to the supercapacitor module 10 and is used to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor module 10. The energy recovery system 20 is connected to the supercapacitor module 10 via a first control switch K1, and the discharge system 30 is connected to the supercapacitor module 10 via a second control switch K2. The input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit 50 is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40, and the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit 50 is connected to the control terminals of the first control switch K1 and the second control switch K2, respectively. The voltage comparison circuit 50 outputs a first trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit 40 is greater than a first reference voltage VREF1, and outputs a second trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit 40 is less than the first reference voltage VREF1. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch K1 to close, and the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch K2 to close.

[0024] In one embodiment, when the supercapacitor module 10 discharges, the voltage detection circuit 40 can detect the discharge voltage of the supercapacitor module 10 in real time. For example, the voltage detection circuit 40 can be a voltage divider circuit, an ADC voltage detection circuit, or an isolated voltage detection circuit, such as a voltage transformer detection circuit or a Hall sensor detection circuit. The voltage comparison circuit 50 can be a voltage comparator or a multi-stage voltage comparator.

[0025] In this embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit 50 can output a corresponding signal by comparing the voltage between the input voltage at the input terminal and the reference voltage at the reference terminal. The output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit 50. When the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit 40 is greater than the first reference voltage VREF1, that is, the supercapacitor module 10 has more remaining energy and is in the high-voltage discharge stage, a first trigger signal is output. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch K1 to close, and the energy recovery system 20 is enabled. The energy recovery system 20 recovers the electrical energy in the high-voltage discharge stage. As the discharge proceeds, the remaining energy of the supercapacitor module 10 decreases, the discharge voltage decreases, and the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit 40 also decreases. When the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit 40 is less than the first reference voltage VREF1, it is in the medium-low voltage discharge stage and a second trigger signal is output. The second trigger signal triggers the second control switch K2 to close, and the discharge system 30 is enabled to discharge the discharge energy of the supercapacitor module 10. This allows the supercapacitor module 10 to release electrical energy through the energy recovery system 20 during the high-voltage phase and to discharge electrical energy through the discharge system 30 during the medium- and low-voltage phase. By utilizing the rapid discharge capability of the energy recovery system 20 at high voltage and the rapid discharge capability of the discharge system 30 at low voltage, the supercapacitor module 10 can be rapidly discharged across the entire voltage range. At the same time, it can also realize the feedback and storage of the remaining energy of the supercapacitor module 10.

[0026] In one embodiment, to enable switching between the energy recovery system 20 and the discharge system 30, in this embodiment, when the first trigger signal triggers the first control switch K1 to close, it can trigger the second control switch K2 to open; similarly, when the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch K2 to close, it can simultaneously trigger the first control switch K1 to open. In this embodiment, the conduction conditions of the first control switch K1 and the second control switch K2 are opposite. For example, the first control switch K1 can be an N-type semiconductor switch, and the second control switch K2 can be a P-type semiconductor switch, or the first control switch K1 can be a P-type semiconductor switch, and the second control switch K2 can be an N-type semiconductor switch.

[0027] In one embodiment, the voltage detection circuit 40 is described using a voltage divider circuit as an example, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the voltage detection circuit 40 includes a first voltage divider circuit 41, which is connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module 10 and the reference ground. The voltage divider terminal of the first voltage divider circuit 41 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit 50.

[0028] In one embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit 50 may employ a voltage comparator, for example, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the voltage comparison circuit 50 includes a first voltage comparator 51. The first input terminal of the first voltage comparator 51 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40, and the second input terminal of the first voltage comparator 51 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal. When the voltage output at the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40, i.e., the voltage divider terminal of the voltage divider circuit, is greater than the first reference voltage VREF1, a first trigger signal is output, triggering the first control switch K1 to close, the second control switch K2 to open, enabling the energy recovery system 20, disabling the discharge system 30, and discharging the supercapacitor module 10 into the energy recovery system 20. When the voltage output at the voltage divider terminal of the voltage divider circuit is less than the first reference voltage VREF1, a second trigger signal is output, triggering the second control switch K2 to close, the first control switch K1 to open, disabling the energy recovery system 20, enabling the discharge system 30, and discharging the supercapacitor module 10 into the discharge system 30.

[0029] In another embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit 50 can also be a differential comparator. The first input terminal of the differential comparator is connected to the voltage divider terminal of the voltage divider circuit, and the second input terminal of the differential comparator is connected to the input terminal of the voltage divider circuit. That is, there is a voltage difference between the first input terminal and the second input terminal. As the supercapacitor module 10 discharges, the discharge voltage gradually decreases, and the voltage difference between the first input terminal and the second input terminal also gradually decreases. When the discharge voltage decreases to a certain extent and the voltage difference is less than the preset voltage difference, the signal output by the output terminal of the differential comparator is converted, that is, from low level to high level or from high level to low level. Therefore, as the discharge voltage decreases, the differential comparator can output the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal respectively, which can trigger the first control switch K1 and the second control switch K2 respectively in the manner described in the above embodiment.

[0030] In another embodiment, the voltage comparison circuit 50 can also employ a multi-stage voltage comparison circuit 50 or multiple voltage comparators. For example, the first control switch K1 and the second control switch K2 each correspond to a voltage comparator, and the first control switch K1 and the second control switch K2 can be independently controlled by setting the parameters of the two comparators respectively. For example, the voltage detection circuit 40 can include a multi-stage voltage divider circuit, for example, having two voltage divider terminals. Under the same input voltage (i.e., when the discharge voltage of the supercapacitor module 10 is the same), the output voltages of the two voltage divider terminals are different. The voltage divider terminal with the higher output voltage can be connected to the voltage comparator corresponding to the first control switch K1, and the voltage divider terminal with the lower output voltage can be connected to the voltage comparator of the second control switch K2. This allows the discharge voltage ranges corresponding to the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal to be different, thereby enabling the energy recovery system 20 and the depletion discharge system 30 during the high-voltage discharge stage, and enabling the discharge system 30 and the depletion energy recovery system 20 during the medium- and low-voltage discharge stages.

[0031] In one embodiment, the discharge system 30 can use a power resistor for discharge. During the discharge process of the supercapacitor module 10, the voltage continuously decreases. Because the resistance of the power resistor is relatively large, its discharge efficiency decreases when the voltage is low. If the power resistor is used continuously for discharge, the discharge time will be long. Therefore, in order to improve the discharge efficiency, in this embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the discharge system 30 includes a first discharge branch 31 and a second discharge branch 32 connected in parallel with the first discharge branch 31; the second discharge branch 32 includes a third control switch K3 and a discharge resistor connected in series; the voltage comparison circuit 50 further includes a second voltage comparator 52, the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator 52 is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40, the second input terminal of the second voltage comparator 52 is connected to the second reference voltage VREF2 terminal, and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator 52 is connected to the control terminal of the third control switch K3. When the voltage output at the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40 is less than the second reference voltage VREF2, a third trigger signal is output, and the third trigger signal triggers the third control switch K3 to close. The voltage output at the second input terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40 is less than the voltage output at the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit 40, and the second reference voltage VREF2 is less than the first reference voltage VREF1. Among them, the first discharge branch 31 can be a power discharge branch, which discharges through a power resistor, and the second discharge branch 32 can be a low-resistance discharge branch, which discharges energy quickly when the voltage is low.

[0032] In this embodiment, the second control switch K2 can be connected independently to the first discharge branch 31, and can also serve as the main switch for the first discharge branch 31 and the second discharge branch 32. The third control switch K3 serves as the switch for the second discharge branch 32. Correspondingly, the second voltage comparator 52 has a lower second reference voltage VREF2. When the discharge voltage decreases to the low-voltage stage, the voltage output by the voltage detection circuit 40 is even smaller. When it is less than the second reference voltage VREF2, it can trigger the second voltage comparator 52 to output a third trigger signal to trigger the third control switch K3 to close. Then, the discharge resistor with a smaller resistance value in the second discharge branch 32 is used for discharge, so as to realize the rapid write discharge of low-voltage energy and improve the discharge efficiency.

[0033] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the voltage detection circuit 40 includes a second voltage divider circuit 42, which is connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module 10 and the reference ground. The voltage divider terminal of the second voltage divider circuit 42 is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage comparator 52. The second voltage divider circuit 42 is independent of the first voltage divider circuit 41.

[0034] In another embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the voltage detection circuit 40 employs a third voltage divider circuit 43, which is a multi-stage voltage divider circuit. The third voltage divider circuit 43 includes a first voltage divider resistor, a second voltage divider resistor, and a third voltage divider resistor connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module 10 and the reference ground. A first output terminal is located between the first and second voltage divider resistors, and a second output terminal is located between the second and second voltage divider resistors. The first output terminal between the first and second voltage divider resistors is connected to the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator 51, and the second output terminal between the two second voltage divider resistors is connected to the first input terminal of the second voltage comparator 52. The voltages output from the first and second output terminals are thus reduced to correspond to the first voltage comparator 51 and the second voltage comparator 52, respectively.

[0035] The loads in the bleedering system 30, such as power resistors and bleeder resistors, generate a significant amount of heat. To protect the loads in the bleedering system 30, in one embodiment, the bleedering system 30 further includes: a temperature acquisition unit for acquiring the temperature value of the loads in the bleedering system 30; and a heat dissipation unit connected to the temperature acquisition unit for adjusting the heat dissipation efficiency of the loads in the bleedering system 30 based on the temperature value. The temperature acquisition unit can be a temperature sensor or a temperature sampling NTC terminal, acquiring the load temperature in real time through the temperature acquisition unit. In this embodiment, an NTC terminal can be used as the temperature acquisition unit. The heat dissipation unit can be a speed-regulating fan, with the NTC acting as a shunt resistor in the speed-regulating fan. As the temperature increases, the resistance decreases, increasing the current of the speed-regulating fan, thus increasing its speed and improving heat dissipation efficiency. In another embodiment, a controller can also be used to acquire the real-time temperature value from the temperature acquisition unit and adjust the speed of the speed-regulating fan based on the real-time temperature value.

[0036] In one embodiment, after the supercapacitor module 10 has finished discharging, the voltage detection circuit 40 has no output voltage, the voltage comparison circuit 50 stops working, and the first control switch K1, the second control switch K2, and the third control switch K3 are reset, allowing the supercapacitor module 10 to wait for charging and the next discharge. In this embodiment, the supercapacitor module 10 can be charged using an independent charging circuit or using the energy recovery system 20.

[0037] For example, charging via the energy recovery system 20 enables integrated charging and discharging of the supercapacitor module 10, allowing for bidirectional energy flow. In one embodiment, the energy recovery system 20 includes a bidirectional voltage converter connected between the energy recovery unit and the supercapacitor module 10. The bidirectional voltage converter can switch between a discharging mode and a charging mode.

[0038] The supercapacitor module 10 is connected to the energy recovery system 20 via a bidirectional voltage converter. In charging mode, the bidirectional voltage converter enables the energy recovery unit to charge the supercapacitor module 10. In discharging mode, the bidirectional voltage converter switches to enable the supercapacitor module 10 to discharge to the energy recovery system 20.

[0039] The energy recovery unit includes a power grid, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional AC-DC module. The energy recovery unit also includes an energy storage module, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional DC-DC module. In charging mode, the bidirectional AC-DC module operates in a charging mode, allowing the power grid to charge the supercapacitor module 10 through the bidirectional AC-DC module; in discharging mode, the bidirectional AC-DC module operates in a discharging mode, allowing the supercapacitor module 10 to discharge to the power grid. Similarly, in charging mode, the bidirectional DC-DC module operates in a charging mode, allowing the energy storage module to charge the supercapacitor module 10 through the bidirectional DC-DC module; in discharging mode, the bidirectional DC-DC module operates in a discharging mode, allowing the supercapacitor module 10 to discharge to the energy storage module.

[0040] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0041] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor charge-discharge system, characterized by, include: The system includes a supercapacitor module, an energy recovery system, a discharge system, a voltage detection circuit, and a voltage comparison circuit. The voltage detection circuit is connected to the supercapacitor module and is used to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor module. The energy recovery system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a first control switch, and the discharge system is connected to the supercapacitor module via a second control switch. The input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control terminals of the first control switch and the second control switch respectively. The voltage comparison circuit outputs a first trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is greater than the first reference voltage, and outputs a second trigger signal when the output voltage of the voltage detection circuit is less than the first reference voltage. The first trigger signal triggers the first control switch to close, and the second trigger signal triggers the second control switch to close.

2. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The voltage comparison circuit includes a first voltage comparator, the first input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the second input terminal of which is connected to a first reference voltage terminal.

3. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The first trigger signal triggers the second control switch to open, and the second trigger signal controls the first control switch to open.

4. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The voltage detection circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit, which is connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module and the reference ground. The voltage divider terminal of the first voltage divider circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage comparison circuit.

5. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The discharge system includes a first discharge branch and a second discharge branch connected in parallel with the first discharge branch; The second discharge branch includes a third control switch and a discharge resistor connected in series; The voltage comparison circuit further includes a second voltage comparator. The first input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit. The second input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the second reference voltage terminal. The output terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the control terminal of the third control switch. When the voltage output at the second output terminal of the voltage detection circuit is less than the second reference voltage, a third trigger signal is output. The third trigger signal triggers the third control switch to close. The voltage output at the second input terminal of the voltage detection circuit is less than the voltage output at the first output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, and the second reference voltage is less than the first reference voltage.

6. The supercapacitor charging and discharging system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage detection circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit, which is connected in series between the voltage output terminal of the supercapacitor module and the reference ground. The voltage divider terminal of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second voltage comparator.

7. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The discharge system further includes: a temperature acquisition device, used to acquire the temperature value of the load in the discharge system; A heat dissipation unit, connected to the temperature acquisition unit, is used to adjust the heat dissipation efficiency of the load in the venting system based on the temperature value.

8. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 1, wherein, The energy recovery system includes a bidirectional voltage converter connected between the energy recovery system and the supercapacitor module.

9. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 8, wherein, The energy recovery system includes an electrical grid, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional AC-DC module.

10. The supercapacitor charge and discharge system of claim 9, wherein, The energy recovery system includes an energy storage module, and the bidirectional voltage converter includes a bidirectional DC-DC module.

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