A two-stage damped cutter

Abstract

The utility model discloses a two -stage vibration damper tool relates to composite material processing tool technical field, including the tool head, the tool bar, and the tool bar includes first tool bar section and second tool bar section, the first end surface assembly of first tool bar section has the tool head connecting piece, and is equipped with first damping assembly between tool head connecting piece and first tool bar section, the second end surface of first tool bar section is connected with the first end surface of second tool bar section through second damping assembly, and the second end surface of second tool bar section is used for connecting lathe main shaft, the two -stage vibration damper tool provided by the utility model, through with the tool bar is divided into first tool bar section and second tool bar section, and sets up first damping assembly between tool head connecting piece and first tool bar section, sets up second damping assembly between first tool bar section and second tool bar section, forms two -stage damping structure, has realized the effective inhibition of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite material processing wide -band vibration, avoids vibration transmission to lathe main shaft, prolongs tool life and promotes processing accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of composite material machining tool technology, specifically to a dual-stage vibration damping tool. Background Technology

[0002] Silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composites possess high specific strength, high elastic modulus, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent wear resistance, making them widely used in aerospace and other fields. However, the dispersed silicon carbide particles in this material have high hardness, causing severe intermittent impacts and friction on the cutting tool during machining, resulting in highly unstable machining conditions.

[0003] Existing integral cutting tools, when machining silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composites, have a single molded structure for the tool head and tool holder. In this structure, the high hardness of silicon carbide particles causes the cutting force to fluctuate frequently and significantly. Vibration is directly transmitted from the tool head to the tool holder and machine tool spindle, easily inducing self-excited vibration and forced vibration of the tool. Under the impact load caused by this vibration, the cutting edge is prone to chipping, resulting in short tool life and high machining costs. After the vibration is transmitted to the workpiece, it also leads to problems such as large dimensional tolerances and difficulty in meeting geometric accuracy indicators such as cylindricity and roundness.

[0004] To improve cutting vibration, vibration-damping cutting tools with a single damper inside the tool holder have been developed. These tools utilize a mass block and elastic element within the tool holder to dissipate vibration energy through the deformation of the elastic element. However, the vibration spectrum during the machining of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composites is quite broad. The single-damper structure has a limited damping bandwidth, insufficient suppression of broadband vibrations, poor adaptability to high-hardness particle impact conditions, and difficulty in simultaneously meeting surface quality and machining accuracy requirements.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a vibration-damping tool that can achieve wide-band vibration suppression and match the high hardness machining conditions of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composites, in order to improve the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined material and extend the tool's service life. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to address the aforementioned problems by providing a two-stage vibration-damping tool. This tool divides the tool holder into a first tool holder segment and a second tool holder segment, and sets a first vibration-damping component between the tool head connector and the first tool holder segment, and a second vibration-damping component between the first and second tool holder segments, forming a two-stage vibration-damping structure. This effectively suppresses wideband vibrations during the machining of silicon carbide particle aluminum-based composite materials, preventing vibration transmission to the machine tool spindle, extending tool life, and improving machining accuracy.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: A dual-stage vibration-damping cutting tool includes a cutting head and a cutting shank. The cutting shank includes a first cutting shank section and a second cutting shank section. The first cutting shank section has a rod-shaped structure, and a cutting head connector is mounted on a first end face along the axial direction of the first cutting shank section. A first vibration-damping component is provided between the cutting head connector and the first cutting shank section, and the cutting head is adapted to the cutting head connector. The second cutting shank section has a rod-shaped structure, and a second end face along the axial direction of the first cutting shank section is connected to the first end face along the axial direction of the second cutting shank section through a second vibration-damping component. The second end face along the axial direction of the second cutting shank section is used to connect to a machine tool spindle.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, a two-stage vibration reduction structure is formed by setting the tool holder into a first tool holder segment and a second tool holder segment, and by setting a first vibration damping component between the tool head connector and the first tool holder segment, and a second vibration damping component between the first and second tool holder segments. This segmented design can absorb and dissipate vibration energy step by step in the machining of silicon carbide particle aluminum-based composite materials caused by the impact of high-hardness particles, preventing vibration from being directly transmitted from the tool head to the tool holder and machine tool spindle. This effectively suppresses self-excited and forced vibrations of the tool, reduces tool edge chipping, extends tool life, and simultaneously improves the dimensional tolerances and geometric accuracy of the workpiece, such as cylindricity and roundness.

[0009] Furthermore, a first connecting hole is formed on the first end face of the first tool holder segment, the first vibration damping component is disposed in the first connecting hole, and the tool head connector is assembled to the open end of the first connecting hole. A second connecting hole is formed on the first end face of the second tool holder segment, the second vibration damping component is disposed in the second connecting hole, and the first tool holder segment is assembled to the open end of the second connecting hole.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a first connecting hole is opened on the first end face of the first tool holder section and the first vibration damping component is housed therein. Simultaneously, a second connecting hole is opened on the first end face of the second tool holder section and the second vibration damping component is housed therein, achieving a built-in integrated installation of the vibration damping components. This in-hole assembly method not only protects the first and second vibration damping components from corrosion by chips and cutting fluid but also ensures the positional stability of the vibration damping components during operation, enabling them to continuously and reliably perform their vibration damping function.

[0011] Further, the first vibration damping component includes a first connecting rod arranged axially along the first cutter bar segment, a first counterweight block sleeved on the first connecting rod, a first elastic element, a second elastic element, and a first pressure cap. A cutter head connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the cutter head connecting component, and a first pressure cap connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the first pressure cap. One end of the first connecting rod is connected to the cutter head connecting hole, and the other end is connected to the first pressure cap connecting hole. The outer wall surface of the first counterweight block extends axially to form a first counterweight mounting step, and pairs of first counterweight mounting steps are symmetrically arranged on both axial sides of the first counterweight block. The inner wall surface of the cutter head connecting component extends axially to form a connecting component mounting step, and the inner wall surface of the first pressure cap extends axially to form a first pressure cap mounting step. The connecting component mounting step extends into the corresponding first counterweight mounting step, and the connecting component mounting step and the corresponding first counterweight mounting step together form a first damping space, within which the first elastic element is disposed. The pressure cap mounting step extends into the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side, and the first pressure cap mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side enclose a second shock-absorbing space, and the second elastic element is disposed in the second shock-absorbing space.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of the first connecting rod, the first counterweight, the first elastic element, the second elastic element, and the first pressure plate, and the use of the connecting element mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step to form a first damping space, and the pressure plate mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step to form a second damping space, respectively accommodating the first elastic element and the second elastic element, when the silicon carbide particles impact and generate cutting vibration, the first counterweight generates axial displacement relative to the first connecting rod, and the symmetrically arranged first elastic element and second elastic element impact in the first damping space and the second damping space respectively. The mechanical energy is consumed through the elastic deformation of the first elastic element and the second elastic element, achieving efficient dissipation of broadband vibration energy, and significantly improving the ability to suppress high-frequency oscillating cutting forces in the processing of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the first connecting rod is a threaded rod. A first counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the first counterweight block. The first counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and the first pressure cap connecting hole and the cutter head connecting hole are threaded holes. One end of the first connecting rod is threaded to the cutter head connecting hole, and the other end is threaded to a first-stage nut. The middle part of the first connecting rod passes through the first counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the first counterweight block and through the first pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the first pressure cap. The cutter head connecting member, the first elastic member, the first counterweight block, the second elastic member, the first pressure cap, and the first-stage nut are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the first connecting rod. In the non-working state, the first elastic member in the first vibration damping assembly is axially pre-compressed, so that a first vibration damping gap is formed axially between the cutter head connecting member and the first counterweight block. The second elastic member in the second vibration damping assembly is axially pre-compressed, so that a second vibration damping gap is formed axially between the first pressure cap and the first counterweight block.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, and setting the first connecting rod as a threaded rod, precise coaxial positioning and reliable fastening between the first connecting rod, the first pressure plate, and the cutter head connector are achieved. Under the high-frequency impact of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite material, this threaded connection structure can prevent radial movement or axial loosening of the components, ensuring that the first and second elastic elements are always in a preset preload state, thereby maintaining stable vibration reduction performance.

[0015] Furthermore, the cutter head connector is provided with a connector abutment in the circumferential direction, the connector abutment abuts against the opening end of the first connecting hole, and the connector abutment is connected to the first-stage cutter bar by a fixing member; a first-stage pressure cover elastic member is provided between the first pressure cover and the inner wall of the first connecting hole.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the stable installation of the cutter head connector on the first cutter shank section is achieved through the abutment fit between the connector and the opening end of the first connecting hole, and the fixation of the fastener. Simultaneously, a primary pressure cover elastic element is provided between the first pressure cover and the inner wall of the first connecting hole. This primary pressure cover elastic element can absorb the vibration of the assembly gap between the first pressure cover and the inner wall of the first connecting hole, and provide additional axial buffering force, further attenuating the high-frequency micro-vibrations transmitted to the first pressure cover, thus enhancing the overall vibration reduction effect of the first vibration damping assembly over a wide frequency range.

[0017] Further, the second vibration damping component includes a second connecting rod arranged axially along the second tool bar segment, a second counterweight block sleeved on the second connecting rod, a third elastic element, a fourth elastic element, and a second pressure cap. A tool bar connecting hole is provided at the second end face of the first tool bar segment, and a second pressure cap connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second pressure cap. One end of the second connecting rod is connected to the tool bar connecting hole, and the other end is connected to the second pressure cap connecting hole. The outer wall surface of the second counterweight block extends axially to form a second counterweight mounting step, and pairs of second counterweight mounting steps are symmetrically arranged on both axial sides of the second counterweight block. The inner wall surface of the first tool bar segment extends axially to form a tool bar mounting step, and the inner wall surface of the second pressure cap extends axially to form a second pressure cap mounting step. The tool bar mounting step extends into the corresponding second counterweight mounting step, and the tool bar mounting step and the corresponding second counterweight mounting step together form a third vibration damping space. The third elastic element is disposed within the third vibration damping space. The second pressure cap mounting step extends into the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step, and the second pressure cap mounting step and the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step together form a fourth damping space, and the fourth elastic element is disposed in the fourth damping space.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of the second connecting rod, the second counterweight, the third elastic element, the fourth elastic element, and the second pressure plate, and the use of the tool holder mounting step and the second counterweight mounting step to form a third damping space, and the second pressure plate mounting step and the second counterweight mounting step to form a fourth damping space, respectively accommodating the third and fourth elastic elements, the second damping component works in series with the first damping component. This can suppress a wider spectrum of vibration components in the processing of silicon carbide particle aluminum-based composite materials in segments. The mass of the second counterweight and the stiffness of the third and fourth elastic elements can be independently configured according to the processing conditions, greatly improving the adaptability of the tool to different cutting parameters.

[0019] Furthermore, the second connecting rod is a threaded rod. A second counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second counterweight block. The second counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and both the tool bar connecting hole and the second pressure cap connecting hole are threaded holes. One end of the second connecting rod is threaded to the tool bar connecting hole, and the other end is threaded to a secondary nut. The middle part of the second connecting rod passes through the second counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the second counterweight block and through the second pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the second pressure cap. The first tool bar segment, the third elastic element, the second counterweight block, the fourth elastic element, the second pressure cap, and the secondary nut are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the second connecting rod. In the non-working state, the third elastic element in the third damping space is axially pre-compressed, so that a third damping gap is formed axially between the first tool bar segment and the second counterweight block. The fourth elastic element in the fourth damping space is axially pre-compressed, so that a fourth damping gap is formed axially between the second pressure cap and the second counterweight block.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting the second connecting rod as a threaded rod, and setting both the tool holder connection hole and the second pressure cap connection hole as threaded holes, coupled with the locking of the secondary nut, precise coaxial positioning and reliable fastening between the second connecting rod, the second pressure cap, and the first tool holder section are achieved. Under the impact of high-hardness particles in the silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite material, this threaded connection structure can maintain the assembly accuracy of the second vibration damping component for a long time, prevent the third and fourth elastic elements from deviating from their working positions due to axial movement, and ensure that the third and fourth elastic elements are always in a preset preload state, thereby ensuring the stability of the second-stage vibration damping effect.

[0021] Furthermore, the first tool bar segment is provided with a tool bar abutment portion in its circumferential direction. The tool bar abutment portion abuts against the open end of the second connecting hole, and the tool bar abutment portion is connected to the second tool bar segment by a fixing member. A secondary pressure cap elastic member is provided between the second pressure cap member and the inner wall of the second connecting hole.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the stable installation of the first tool holder section on the second tool holder section is achieved through the abutment fit between the tool holder abutment part and the opening end of the second connecting hole, as well as the fixing of the connecting parts. Simultaneously, a secondary pressure cap elastic element is provided between the second pressure cap and the inner wall of the second connecting hole. This secondary pressure cap elastic element can absorb the vibration of the assembly gap between the second pressure cap and the inner wall of the second connecting hole, and provides additional radial and axial buffering, further attenuating the high-frequency micro-vibrations transmitted to the second vibration damping assembly. Working in conjunction with the first vibration damping assembly, it forms a complete path suppression of cutting vibration from the tool tip to the tool holder.

[0023] Furthermore, the axis of the first connecting hole does not coincide with the axis of the second connecting hole, the first connecting hole is eccentrically located in the first tool holder section, and the cutting edge of the tool head faces the eccentric direction of the first connecting hole.

[0024] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, the first connecting hole is eccentrically positioned on the first tool holder section, and the cutting edge of the tool head faces this eccentric direction. Specifically, the cutting edge of the tool head protrudes at least radially from the outer wall of the first tool holder section, preventing interference between the tool head and the target workpiece during cutting. Simultaneously, this eccentric design allows the first and second vibration damping components to be spatially staggered, avoiding the superposition of vibrations in the same direction and enhancing the tool's overall ability to suppress complex broadband vibrations.

[0025] Furthermore, both the first tool holder segment and the second tool holder segment are cylindrical rods.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first and second tool holder sections are set as cylindrical members. On the other hand, the cylindrical members have a uniform stress distribution when subjected to combined bending and torsional loads, which can reduce stress concentration.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: For high-frequency and wide-frequency vibrations caused by the impact of high-hardness particles during the processing of silicon carbide particle aluminum-based composite materials, by setting the tool holder as a first tool holder segment and a second tool holder segment, and by setting a first vibration damping component between the tool head connector and the first tool holder segment, and a second vibration damping component between the first and second tool holder segments, a two-stage vibration damping structure is formed. This structure can absorb and dissipate vibration energy step by step, preventing vibration from being directly transmitted from the tool head to the tool holder and machine tool spindle, effectively suppressing the self-excited vibration and forced vibration of the tool. Meanwhile, the first and second elastic elements symmetrically arranged in the first vibration damping component are located within the first and second vibration damping spaces, respectively, and are axially pre-compressed to form the first and second vibration damping gaps. Similarly, the third and fourth elastic elements symmetrically arranged in the second vibration damping component are located within the third and fourth vibration damping spaces, respectively, and are axially pre-compressed to form the third and fourth vibration damping gaps. This ensures that each vibration damping component possesses bidirectional buffering capability. Furthermore, the first and second vibration damping components are spatially staggered to avoid the superposition of vibrations in the same direction. This application effectively suppresses broadband vibrations during the machining of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composites, reduces tool chipping, extends tool life, and simultaneously improves workpiece dimensional tolerances and geometric accuracy such as cylindricity and roundness. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-stage vibration damping tool of this utility model; Figure 2 This utility model relates to Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle.

[0029] The markings in the diagram are: 1-machine tool spindle, 2-second tool holder section, 3-first tool holder section, 4-first counterweight, 5-first connecting rod, 6-first-stage nut, 7-first pressure plate, 8-first elastic element, 9-first-stage pressure plate elastic element, 10-tool head connector, 11-second elastic element, 12-second connecting rod, 13-second counterweight, 14-second-stage nut, 15-second pressure plate, 16-second-stage pressure plate elastic element, 17-third elastic element, 18-fourth elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0032] Example 1 Reference Figure 1 A dual-stage vibration-damping cutting tool includes a tool head 19, a tool holder, and a machine tool spindle 1. The tool holder includes a first tool holder section 3 and a second tool holder section 2, both of which are cylindrical rods. The second end face of the second tool holder section 2 along the axial direction is connected to the machine tool spindle 1 for clamping the cutting tool onto the machine tool spindle. A tool head connector 10 is fixedly connected to the first end face of the first tool holder section 3 along the axial direction, and the tool head 19 is fixedly connected to the tool head connector 10. A first vibration-damping component is provided between the tool head connector 10 and the first tool holder section 3 to absorb and dissipate the first-stage cutting vibration transmitted from the tool head 19. The second end face of the first tool holder section 3 along the axial direction is connected to the first end face of the second tool holder section 2 along the axial direction through the second vibration damping component. This is used to absorb the residual vibration after it has been dissipated by the first vibration damping component in the second stage, thereby forming a two-stage series vibration damping structure. This structure blocks the transmission path of cutting vibration from the tool head 19 to the machine tool spindle step by step, effectively suppressing the self-excited vibration and forced vibration of the tool, reducing tool edge chipping, extending tool life, and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 The first tool holder section 3 has a first connecting hole on its first end face, and a first vibration damping component is disposed within the first connecting hole. The tool head connector 10 is assembled into the open end of the first connecting hole. The second tool holder section 2 has a second connecting hole on its first end face, and a second vibration damping component is disposed within the second connecting hole. The first tool holder section 3 is assembled into the open end of the second connecting hole. By embedding the two-stage vibration damping components into the connecting holes of their respective tool holder sections, integrated installation of the vibration damping components is achieved, protecting them from corrosion by chips and cutting fluid, and ensuring the positional stability of the vibration damping components under high-frequency impact conditions.

[0034] A dual-stage vibration-damping tool is clamped onto the machine tool spindle 1, and the tool head 19 performs cutting on silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite material. During the cutting process, the silicon carbide particles generate high-frequency impact loads on the tool head 19. The cutting vibration is transmitted to the tool head connector 10 via the tool head 19. The first vibration damping component absorbs and dissipates the first-stage vibration energy. The residual vibration after dissipation by the first vibration damping component is transmitted to the second vibration damping component via the first tool holder section 3. The second vibration damping component absorbs and dissipates the residual vibration in a second stage, thereby effectively blocking the transmission of vibration to the second tool holder section 2 and the machine tool spindle 1, achieving step-by-step suppression of broadband cutting vibration.

[0035] Example 2 Reference Figure 2 Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment further discloses the specific internal structure of the first vibration damping component and the second vibration damping component.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 The first vibration damping assembly includes a first connecting rod 5 arranged axially along the first cutter bar segment 3, a first counterweight 4 sleeved on the first connecting rod 5, a first elastic element 8, a second elastic element 11, and a first pressure cap 7. A cutter head connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the cutter head connecting element 10, and a first pressure cap connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the first pressure cap 7. The first connecting rod 5 is a threaded rod, with one end threaded to the cutter head connecting hole and the other end threaded to a first-stage nut 6. A first counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the first counterweight 4, and the middle part of the first connecting rod 5 passes through the first counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the first counterweight 4 and through the first pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the first pressure cap 7. The first counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and both the first pressure cap connecting hole and the cutter head connecting hole are threaded holes. The cutter head connector 10, the first elastic element 8, the first counterweight 4, the second elastic element 11, the first pressure cover 7, and the first-stage nut 6 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the first connecting rod 5, and the threaded connection achieves precise coaxial positioning and reliable pre-tightening of each component of the first vibration damping assembly.

[0037] The outer wall of the first counterweight 4 extends axially to form a first counterweight mounting step, which is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first counterweight 4. The inner wall of the cutter head connector 10 extends axially to form a connector mounting step, and the inner wall of the first pressure cover 7 extends axially to form a first pressure cover mounting step. The connector mounting step extends into the first counterweight mounting step near the cutter head connector 10, and the connector mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step near the cutter head connector 10 together form a first damping space, in which the first elastic member 8 is disposed. The first pressure cover mounting step extends into the first counterweight mounting step near the first pressure cover 7, and the first pressure cover mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step near the first pressure cover 7 together form a second damping space, in which the second elastic member 11 is disposed. The first elastic element 8 is disposed in the first damping space in an axially pre-compressed state, and a first damping gap is left axially between the cutter head connector 10 and the first counterweight 4; the second elastic element 11 is disposed in the second damping space in an axially pre-compressed state, and a second damping gap is left axially between the first pressure cover 7 and the first counterweight 4. With the above structure, when cutting vibration is transmitted, the first counterweight 4 generates axial displacement relative to the first connecting rod 5, and the first elastic element 8 and the second elastic element 11 compress and dissipate energy in the first damping space and the second damping space respectively, realizing bidirectional and efficient dissipation of the first-stage vibration energy, and the damping effect is stable and reliable.

[0038] The second vibration damping assembly includes a second connecting rod 12 arranged axially along the second tool bar section 2, a second counterweight 13 sleeved on the second connecting rod 12, a third elastic element 17, a fourth elastic element 18, and a second pressure cap 15. A tool bar connecting hole is provided at the second end face of the first tool bar section 3, and a second pressure cap connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second pressure cap 15. The second connecting rod 12 is a threaded rod, with one end threaded to the tool bar connecting hole and the other end threaded to a secondary nut 14. A second counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second counterweight 13, and the middle part of the second connecting rod 12 passes through the second counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the second counterweight 13 and through the second pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the second pressure cap 15. The second counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and both the tool bar connecting hole and the second pressure cap connecting hole are threaded holes. The first tool bar section 3, the third elastic element 17, the second counterweight 13, the fourth elastic element 18, the second pressure plate 15, and the secondary nut 14 are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the second connecting rod 12, and the threaded connection achieves precise coaxial positioning and reliable pre-tightening of each component of the second vibration damping assembly.

[0039] The outer wall of the second counterweight 13 extends axially to form a second counterweight mounting step, which is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second counterweight 13. The inner wall of the first tool bar section 3 extends axially to form a tool bar mounting step, and the inner wall of the second pressure cover 15 extends axially to form a second pressure cover mounting step. The tool bar mounting step extends into the second counterweight mounting step near the first tool bar section 3, and the tool bar mounting step and the second counterweight mounting step near the first tool bar section 3 together form a third damping space, in which a third elastic member 17 is disposed. The second pressure cover mounting step extends into the second counterweight mounting step near the second pressure cover 15, and the second pressure cover mounting step and the second counterweight mounting step near the second pressure cover 15 together form a fourth damping space, in which a fourth elastic member 18 is disposed. The third elastic element 17 is set in the third damping space in an axially pre-compressed state, and a third damping gap is left axially between the first tool bar section 3 and the second counterweight 13; the fourth elastic element 18 is set in the fourth damping space in an axially pre-compressed state, and a fourth damping gap is left axially between the second pressure cover 15 and the second counterweight 13. The second damping assembly adopts the same structural logic as the first damping assembly, and performs a second-stage absorption of the residual vibration after it has been dissipated by the first damping assembly, realizing the step-by-step suppression of broadband vibration. The third elastic element 17 and the fourth elastic element 18 can ensure the stability of the second-stage damping effect.

[0040] After the cutting vibration is transmitted to the cutter head connector 10 via the cutter head 19, the first counterweight 4 undergoes axial displacement relative to the first connecting rod 5. The first elastic element 8 compresses and dissipates energy within the first damping space, and the second elastic element 11 compresses and dissipates energy within the second damping space, achieving bidirectional buffering and efficiently dissipating the first-stage vibration energy. The residual vibration is transmitted to the second damping assembly via the first cutter bar section 3. The second counterweight 13 undergoes axial displacement relative to the second connecting rod 12. The third elastic element 17 compresses and dissipates energy within the third damping space, and the fourth elastic element 18 compresses and dissipates energy within the fourth damping space, achieving a second-stage bidirectional buffering and dissipation of the residual vibration, ultimately effectively blocking the transmission of vibration to the machine tool spindle.

[0041] The cutter head connector 10 has a connecting abutment portion circumferentially. This connecting abutment portion abuts against the open end of the first connecting hole. The connecting abutment portion is fixed to the first cutter bar section 3 by fasteners, thus reliably fixing the cutter head connector 10 to the first cutter bar section 3. The fasteners between the connecting abutment portion and the first cutter bar section 3... Figure 1 Not shown in the figure. A first-stage pressure cover elastic element 9 is embedded in the annular gap between the outer wall of the first pressure cover 7 and the inner wall of the first connecting hole. The first-stage pressure cover elastic element 9 fills the assembly gap between the first pressure cover 7 and the inner wall of the first connecting hole, which can attenuate high-frequency micro-vibrations, provide additional radial buffer for the first vibration damping assembly, and enhance the overall vibration damping effect.

[0042] The first tool holder section 3 has a tool holder abutment in its circumference, which abuts against the opening end of the second connecting hole. The tool holder abutment and the second tool holder section 2 are fixed together by fasteners, so as to achieve reliable fixation of the first tool holder section 3 on the second tool holder section 2. A secondary pressure cover elastic element 16 is embedded in the annular gap between the outer wall surface of the second pressure cover 15 and the inner wall of the second connecting hole. The secondary pressure cover elastic element 16 fills the assembly gap between the second pressure cover 15 and the inner wall of the second connecting hole, further attenuating the high-frequency micro-vibrations transmitted to the second vibration damping assembly. It works in conjunction with the primary pressure cover elastic element 9 to form a multi-stage suppression of cutting vibration from the tool head 19 to the machine tool spindle 1.

[0043] The axis of the first connecting hole does not coincide with the axis of the second connecting hole. The first connecting hole is eccentrically positioned on the first tool holder section 3, meaning that the axis of the first connecting hole is offset relative to the central axis of the first tool holder section 3. The cutting edge of the tool head 19 faces the offset direction of the axis of the first connecting hole relative to the central axis of the first tool holder section 3, causing the cutting edge to protrude radially from the outer wall surface of the first tool holder section 3, thus avoiding interference during the cutting process. Simultaneously, this eccentric design allows the first and second vibration damping components to be spatially misaligned, preventing the vibrations of the two damping components from overlapping in the same direction, further widening the overall damping frequency band, and improving the tool's overall ability to suppress broadband vibrations.

[0044] After the dual-stage vibration damping tool is clamped, the cutting edge of the tool head 19 protrudes radially from the outer wall of the first tool holder section 3 due to the eccentric setting of the first connecting hole, allowing it to cut into the workpiece normally. During the cutting process, the first-stage pressure cap elastic element 9 and the second-stage pressure cap elastic element 16 respectively attenuate the high-frequency micro-vibrations between their respective pressure cap elements and the inner wall of the connecting hole, forming a multi-stage vibration suppression system in conjunction with the main vibration damping component. The spatially staggered arrangement of the two-stage vibration damping components allows each stage of the vibration damping component to play its role for vibration components in different directions, avoiding the superposition of vibrations in the same direction, further widening the effective vibration damping frequency band, and achieving comprehensive and effective suppression of high-frequency and broadband cutting vibrations in the machining of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite materials. This significantly reduces tool edge chipping, extends tool life, and improves the workpiece dimensional tolerance control accuracy and geometric accuracy indicators such as cylindricity and roundness.

[0045] Understandably, the first vibration damping component is located near the tool head and is mainly used to absorb high-frequency vibrations; the second vibration damping component is located near the tool holder and is mainly used to absorb mid-to-low frequency vibrations transmitted from the first vibration damping component. By adjusting the mass of the first counterweight 4 and the second counterweight 13, as well as the stiffness of the first elastic element 8, the second elastic element 11, the third elastic element 17, and the fourth elastic element 18, the first and second vibration damping components can be further widened to improve the vibration damping effect and effectively suppress broadband vibrations in the processing of silicon carbide particle aluminum matrix composite materials. Pre-compression of the first elastic element 8 and the second elastic element 11 can be achieved by tightening the first-stage nut 6; pre-compression of the third elastic element 17 and the fourth elastic element 18 can be achieved by tightening the second-stage nut 14. Preferably, the first elastic element 8, the second elastic element 11, the third elastic element 17, the fourth elastic element 18, the first-stage pressure cap elastic element 9, and the second-stage pressure cap elastic element 16 are all made of rubber.

[0046] This document uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of this utility model. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this utility model without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0048] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A two-stage vibration damping tool, comprising a tool head and a tool shank, characterized in that, The tool holder includes a first tool holder section and a second tool holder section; the first tool holder section is a rod-shaped structure, and a tool head connector is assembled at the first end face of the first tool holder section along the axial direction. A first vibration damping component is provided between the tool head connector and the first tool holder section, and the tool head is adapted to the tool head connector; the second tool holder section is a rod-shaped structure, and the second end face of the first tool holder section along the axial direction is connected to the first end face of the second tool holder section along the axial direction through a second vibration damping component. The second end face of the second tool holder section along the axial direction is used to connect to the machine tool spindle.

2. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A first connecting hole is provided on the first end face of the first tool bar segment, the first vibration damping component is disposed in the first connecting hole, and the tool head connector is assembled at the open end of the first connecting hole; a second connecting hole is provided on the first end face of the second tool bar segment, the second vibration damping component is disposed in the second connecting hole, and the first tool bar segment is assembled at the open end of the second connecting hole.

3. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first vibration damping assembly includes a first connecting rod axially arranged along the first cutter bar segment, a first counterweight block sleeved on the first connecting rod, a first elastic element, a second elastic element, and a first pressure cap; the cutter head connecting member has a cutter head connecting hole at its central axis, the first pressure cap has a first pressure cap connecting hole at its central axis, one end of the first connecting rod is connected to the cutter head connecting hole, and the other end is connected to the first pressure cap connecting hole; the outer wall surface of the first counterweight block extends axially to form a first counterweight mounting step, and pairs of the first counterweight mounting steps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first counterweight block along its axial direction; the cutter head connecting member The inner wall of the first pressure plate extends axially to form a connecting member mounting step, and the inner wall of the first pressure plate extends axially to form a first pressure plate mounting step; the connecting member mounting step extends into the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side, and the connecting member mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side enclose a first damping space, and the first elastic member is disposed in the first damping space; the pressure plate mounting step extends into the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side, and the first pressure plate mounting step and the first counterweight mounting step on the corresponding side enclose a second damping space, and the second elastic member is disposed in the second damping space.

4. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first connecting rod is a threaded rod; a first counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the first counterweight block; the first counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and the first pressure cap connecting hole and the cutter head connecting hole are threaded holes; one end of the first connecting rod is threaded to the cutter head connecting hole, and the other end is threaded to a first-stage nut; the middle part of the first connecting rod passes through the first counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the first counterweight block and through the first pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the first pressure cap; the cutter head connecting member, the first elastic member, the first counterweight block, the second elastic member, the first pressure cap, and the first-stage nut are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the first connecting rod; in the non-working state, the first elastic member in the first vibration damping assembly is axially pre-compressed, so that a first vibration damping gap is formed axially between the cutter head connecting member and the first counterweight block; the second elastic member in the second vibration damping assembly is axially pre-compressed, so that a second vibration damping gap is formed axially between the first pressure cap and the first counterweight block.

5. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The cutter head connector has a connecting abutment part in its circumference, which abuts against the opening end of the first connecting hole. The connecting abutment part is connected to the first-stage cutter bar by a fixing member. A first-stage pressure cover elastic member is provided between the first pressure cover and the inner wall of the first connecting hole.

6. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second vibration damping component includes a second connecting rod arranged axially along the second tool bar segment, a second counterweight block sleeved on the second connecting rod, a third elastic element, a fourth elastic element, and a second pressure cap; a tool bar connecting hole is provided at the second end face of the first tool bar segment, a second pressure cap connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second pressure cap, one end of the second connecting rod is connected to the tool bar connecting hole, and the other end is connected to the second pressure cap connecting hole; the outer wall surface of the second counterweight block extends axially to form a second counterweight mounting step, and pairs of second counterweight mounting steps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axial direction of the second counterweight block; the first tool bar segment The inner wall of the first pressure plate extends axially to form a tool holder mounting step, and the inner wall of the second pressure plate extends axially to form a second pressure plate mounting step; the tool holder mounting step extends into the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step, and the tool holder mounting step and the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step enclose each other to form a third damping space, and the third elastic element is disposed in the third damping space; the second pressure plate mounting step extends into the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step, and the second pressure plate mounting step and the corresponding side of the second counterweight mounting step enclose each other to form a fourth damping space, and the fourth elastic element is disposed in the fourth damping space.

7. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second connecting rod is a threaded rod; a second counterweight connecting hole is provided at the central axis of the second counterweight block; the second counterweight connecting hole is a through hole, and both the tool rod connecting hole and the second pressure cap connecting hole are threaded holes; one end of the second connecting rod is threaded to the tool rod connecting hole, and the other end is threaded to a secondary nut; the middle part of the second connecting rod passes through the second counterweight connecting hole to penetrate the second counterweight block and through the second pressure cap connecting hole to penetrate the second pressure cap; the first tool rod segment, the third elastic element, the second counterweight block, the fourth elastic element, the second pressure cap, and the secondary nut are arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the second connecting rod; in the non-working state, the third elastic element in the third damping space is axially pre-compressed, so that a third damping gap is formed axially between the first tool rod segment and the second counterweight block; the fourth elastic element in the fourth damping space is axially pre-compressed, so that a fourth damping gap is formed axially between the second pressure cap and the second counterweight block.

8. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first tool bar segment is provided with a tool bar abutment in the circumferential direction. The tool bar abutment abuts against the opening end of the second connecting hole. The tool bar abutment abutment and the second tool bar segment are connected by a fastener. A secondary pressure cover elastic element is provided between the second pressure cover and the inner wall of the second connecting hole.

9. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The axis of the first connecting hole does not coincide with the axis of the second connecting hole. The first connecting hole is eccentrically located in the first tool holder section, and the cutting edge of the tool head faces the eccentric direction of the first connecting hole.

10. The dual-stage vibration damping tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second tool holder sections are cylindrical rods.

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