Electrical machine for the motorized adjustment of moving parts in a motor vehicle, and method for producing the electrical machine

Abstract

Electrical machine (10), in particular for the motorized adjustment of movable parts in a motor vehicle, with a housing part (16) in which a printed circuit board (20) for electrically controlling the electrical machine (10) is arranged, wherein at least one centering pin (44) is arranged in the housing part (16) and engages in a centering opening (45) of the printed circuit board (20), characterized in that the centering pin (44) is plastically deformed at its free end (46), wherein the centering pin (44) projects through a housing opening (24) of a housing cover (26), and the free end (46) of the centering pin (44) is plastically deformed on the outside of the housing cover (26).

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to an electrical machine and a method for producing the electrical machine according to the preamble of the independent claims.

[0002] DE 10 2009 027 610 A1 shows an adjustment drive in which a circuit board of the electronics unit is pressed into the electronics housing radially to the rotor shaft.

[0003] DE 10 2005 016 128 A1 discloses a throttle valve actuator in which a printed circuit board is fastened to positioning pins of a carrier component in such a way that electrical contact is also made with the printed circuit board.

[0004] DE 10 2005 000 160 B4 describes a fastening process in which a component is placed on a centering pin, the free end of which is then plastically deformed.

[0005] DE 10 2009 027 610 A1 discloses an adjustment drive with an electric motor in which a printed circuit board is inserted into the housing of the adjustment drive. Several retaining pins are arranged in the housing, onto which the printed circuit board is pushed during assembly. The printed circuit board has corresponding centering holes into which the retaining pins engage. The retaining pins have a stop against which the printed circuit board rests in the joining direction during assembly. The printed circuit board can be clipped into the housing to secure it.

[0006] However, this design of retaining pins has the disadvantage that additional locking elements must be molded onto the PCB to securely hold it in place. Such a fixation is necessary, for example, to electrically connect the PCB using soldering. Furthermore, the housing cover enclosing the PCB must also be secured against disassembly in the opposite direction of the joining direction using additional fasteners. Disclosure of the inventionAdvantages of the invention

[0007] The electrical machine according to the invention, as well as the method according to the invention for manufacturing such a machine with the features of the independent claims, have the advantage that the centering pin, in addition to correctly positioning the circuit board in the housing, is also used to secure the circuit board in the machine housing. For this purpose, the free end of the centering pin is plastically deformed after the circuit board has been mounted, so that a securing head is formed at the end of the centering pin. This securing head prevents the circuit board from moving backwards in the opposite direction of the joining direction after its assembly.

[0008] The measures listed in the dependent claims enable advantageous further developments and improvements of the features specified in the independent claims. It is particularly advantageous to form the at least one centering pin in a single process step with the production of the housing part. For this purpose, the centering pin and the housing part are made of plastic, so that the free end of the centering pin can be thermally formed in a simple process. For this purpose, for example, a hot stamp can be pressed against the free end of the centering pin or the centering pin can be formed using ultrasonic welding. Alternatively, the centering pin could be manufactured separately from the housing part and then inserted into the housing part with precise positioning. For example, the centering pin could be designed as part of a brush holder that is fastened in a defined position in the housing part or protrudes into the housing part in a defined manner.

[0009] It is particularly advantageous if a stop is formed on the side opposite the free end of the centering pin and / or on the housing, against which the circuit board rests after insertion in the joining direction. This allows the circuit board to be positioned very precisely by pressing it against the stop, which runs perpendicular to the joining direction.

[0010] By plastically deforming the free end, a securing head is formed that has a larger diameter than the center section of the centering pin. This reliably holds the circuit board and / or the housing cover in the fully assembled position. If the centering pin is cylindrical, the free end can be conveniently formed into a circular securing head that can evenly absorb forces counter to the joining direction.

[0011] If the circuit board is pressed against the stop by the molded-on securing head, the circuit board is firmly fixed in place, which also enables, for example, an automatic machine soldering process for the circuit board's electrical connections. For this purpose, positioning elements are arranged on the housing part - in particular, adjustment holes molded into the housing part - which interact with a corresponding positioning device of the soldering machine. In particular, two or three adjustment holes for the soldering machine are formed in the housing part for this purpose. If the centering pin and the adjustment holes are formed directly in one piece with the housing part, the tolerance chain for soldering the electrical contacts is particularly small, which makes the solder joints more reliable.

[0012] If the locking head is molded onto the free end directly adjacent to the circuit board, it is designed with a larger diameter than the circuit board's centering seat. The locking head presses the circuit board against the stop, thereby firmly securing the circuit board in place.

[0013] In addition to the centering holes, the circuit board preferably has contact holes for accommodating electrical contact pins. These can be designed as press-in pins, which are pressed into the corresponding contact holes in a self-locking manner when pushed onto the centering pins. Furthermore, so-called solder pins can be inserted into the corresponding contact holes and then soldered to the circuit board.

[0014] Advantageously, the installed circuit board extends along the rotor shaft of the electric machine, with the centering pins for holding the circuit board aligned transversely to the rotor shaft. This arrangement of the circuit board allows, for example, a magnetic sensor—in particular a Hall sensor—to be mounted on it, which detects the rotational position or speed of the rotor shaft. Other electronic components for the electrical power supply and / or the specific control of the electric motor can also be mounted on the circuit board. A microprocessor is preferably arranged on the circuit board, which, for example, also evaluates the speed signal and can provide position detection and / or a pinch protection function for the adjustment drive.

[0015] If the fuse head is molded directly onto the outside of the housing cover according to the invention, it is designed with a larger diameter than the housing opening for the centering pin. This plastic deformation of the free end of the centering pin thus represents a kind of "seal," preventing the housing cover from being opened unnoticed, since opening the housing cover would result in the fuse head being destroyed, which is easily detectable.

[0016] It is advantageous if the fuse head is molded into a recess on the outside of the housing cover, as this prevents the fuse head from protruding beyond the outer peripheral surface of the housing cover. This protects the fuse head from damage, and the electrical machine can be designed very flat. This allows it to be installed in flat spaces, such as a side door or the roof of a vehicle.

[0017] By securing the housing cover in the joining direction, a projection located on the housing cover can be used to press the circuit board against the stop in the joining direction. This allows the circuit board to be reliably secured in a single assembly process along with the housing cover. By plastically forming the free end, both the housing cover and the circuit board can be pressed securely against the housing base in the joining direction in a single operation.

[0018] For reliable fixation of the circuit board and / or housing cover only in the joining direction, exactly one centering pin may be sufficient. If precise positioning in the plane perpendicular to the circuit board and / or housing cover is also required, the arrangement of exactly two or exactly three centering pins, which are aligned approximately parallel to each other, is advantageous.

[0019] The electric machine is preferably designed as an electric motor that is part of a gear drive unit. The electric motor is mounted on a gear housing, which houses a gear driven by the rotor shaft of the electric motor. The circuit board is arranged within the gear housing in a particularly space-saving manner, which also serves as the electronics housing for the circuit board.

[0020] In the method according to the invention for manufacturing the electrical machine, the free end of a centering pin is preferably formed into a securing head after the circuit board with centering openings has been pushed onto the centering pins. The centering pin thus assumes the function of spatial positioning and, at the same time, firmly securing the circuit board.

[0021] It is particularly advantageous if the free end of the centering pin has a curved, conical, or pointed shape before it is formed. This allows the centering pin to easily fit into the centering opening, and the free end can be inexpensively formed into a locking head by hot stamping, which has a larger diameter than the centering pin's central part.

[0022] It is advantageous if the free end is formed in such a way that the molded securing head rests directly against the circuit board in the joining direction and presses it against the stop. This allows the circuit board to be reliably attached to the housing using the formed centering pins, allowing electrical contact to be made with solder pins using an automatic soldering process.

[0023] In an alternative process, after the printed circuit board has been mounted on the centering pins, the housing cover with the housing holes is pushed onto the centering pins, and only then are the free ends plastically formed. This simultaneously secures the housing cover and the printed circuit board against displacement, at least in the joining direction. The printed circuit board and the housing cover are mounted in the joining direction—in particular, approximately radially to the rotor shaft. Therefore, the extension of the housing cover is approximately at least as large as the extension of the printed circuit board and completely covers it when the housing is closed.

[0024] If the circuit board has contact holes for press-fit pins, the circuit board can be pre-centered when inserting the centering pins into the centering holes. This pre-centering ensures that the press-fit pins find their corresponding contact holes in the circuit board. The press-fit pins are conical, so that fine adjustment of the circuit board is achieved by the press-fit pins in the contact holes. This method, in particular, allows for easy manual assembly of the circuit board onto the centering pins, with very high positioning accuracy of the circuit board in the housing due to the fine centering provided by the press-fit pins.

[0025] The centering pin does not rest on the wall of the centering opening, especially after the press-in pins have been pressed in, since there must be sufficient play between the centering pin and the centering opening for fine centering due to the press fit.

[0026] With the method according to the invention, the circuit board and / or the housing cover can advantageously be pressed against the stop with a predefined assembly force while the securing head is molded onto the free end. This allows the position of the circuit board relative to the rotor shaft to be manufactured very precisely, since after the plastic forming of the free end, the securing head holds the circuit board and / or the housing cover at a precise distance from the rotor shaft with a preload force.

[0027] The inventive forming of the free end of the centering pin is advantageously carried out by hot stamping. The material of the free end is heated, allowing it to undergo plastic deformation. Hot stamping can be carried out, for example, using a hot stamping die that is pressed onto the free end in the joining direction. Preferably, the formed end is then actively cooled to obtain a smooth surface of the securing head and ensure clean release of the stamping die. For this process, the centering pin is advantageously made of plastic, which can be easily plastically deformed at relatively low temperatures. Short description of the drawings

[0028] Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description.

[0029] It shows Fig. 1: a first embodiment of a transmission drive unit according to the invention Fig. 2: an enlarged section of the Fig. 1 Fig. 3: another embodiment of a centering pin according to the invention before its plastic deformation Fig. 4: another embodiment of a centering pin according to the invention after its plastic deformation Fig. 5 and Fig. 6: another embodiment in exploded view and with closed housing cover and Fig. 7 to 9: another embodiment of the invention showing the various method steps.

[0030] In Fig. 1 shows an electric machine 10 according to the invention, which is designed as an electric motor 12. The electric motor 12 is, for example, a component of a transmission drive unit 14, such as is used for adjusting a sunroof. Similar adjustment drives that have an electric machine 10 according to the invention are designed as window lift drives or seat drives, or as servo drives for other moving parts in the motor vehicle. The transmission drive unit 14 has, as the electric machine 10, an electric motor 12 with an electronics unit 22, which is arranged in a housing part 16 of the housing 18 of the electric machine 10. The housing part 16 is designed as an electronics housing 25, which is an integral component of a transmission housing 28, in which a transmission 30 is arranged.The gear 30 is designed, for example, as a worm gear 31, in which a worm 33 arranged on a rotor shaft 32 of the electric motor 12 meshes with a worm gear 34 mounted in the gear housing 28. The worm gear 34 transmits the drive torque of the electric motor 12 to an output element (not shown in detail), which, for example, drives the part to be adjusted - in particular in a motor vehicle. In the exemplary embodiment, the electric motor 12 has a pole housing 36 that is flange-mounted to the gear housing 28, with the rotor shaft 32 projecting into the gear housing 28. The pole housing 36 is made, for example, of metal and serves as a magnetic return path for the magnets arranged in the pole housing 36. The housing part 16 is made of plastic in the exemplary embodiment, in particular by means of an injection molding process.The housing part 16 has a plug element 17 in which the contact terminals 19 for the electrical and electronic supply are arranged. In . Fig. 1, the housing part 16 is shown open without a housing cover 26, wherein a printed circuit board 20 is already inserted into the housing part 16, on which a plurality of electronic components 38 are arranged. An electronic component 38 is designed as a microprocessor 39, which serves to control the electric motor 12 and / or to evaluate a rotational position signal of the rotor shaft 32. For this purpose, a rotational position sensor 40 can be arranged on the printed circuit board 20, which interacts with a signal generator 41 arranged on the rotor shaft 32. The rotational position sensor can be designed, for example, as a Hall sensor, which detects a magnetic signal from a sensor magnet arranged on the rotor shaft 32 or on a gear wheel 34. This makes it possible, in particular, to detect the position of the actuator and / or to implement an anti-pinch function for the gear drive unit 14.The printed circuit board 20 is designed as a printed circuit board (PCB), in which electrically conductive traces are applied to an electrically insulating carrier material. Due to the carrier material, which is, for example, a plastic, the printed circuit board 20 is inherently rigid, stiff, and immobile.

[0031] As shown in the detailed view according to Fig. 2, a centering pin 44 is arranged in the housing part 16, which engages in a centering opening 45 in the printed circuit board 20. The centering pin 44 is formed integrally with the housing part 16 and is manufactured, for example, by injection molding. The centering pin 44 is preferably made of plastic and has a free end 46. To easily locate the centering opening 45, the free end 46 has a bevel on the surface 42 of the free end 46. Alternatively, the surface 42 of the free end 46 can also be pointed or curved, as in Fig. 3 or Fig. 7. The centering pin 44 is preferably cylindrical, with the free end 46 having a cone. In the example, the centering pin 44 is aligned radially to the rotor shaft 32, so that the printed circuit board 20 is aligned transversely to the centering pin 44 during assembly in the joining direction 8 and is pushed onto the centering pin 44. The printed circuit board 20 can have an approximately rectangular or any other contour and extends along the rotor shaft 32 in the inserted state. When the centering pin 44 is "threaded" into the centering opening 45, the printed circuit board 20 is precisely adjusted in the plane 7 transversely to the joining direction 8 in the housing part 16. As a result, the soldering pins 48 and / or press-in pins 49 arranged in the housing part 16 also find their corresponding contact holes 50 in the printed circuit board 20. Fig. The two solder pins 48 shown on the right establish the electrical connection to the contact terminals 19 of the plug element 17. The solder pins 49 near the centering pin 44 form electrical connections to the power supply of the electric motor 12 and / or to the rotational position sensor 40, which can also be arranged directly in the housing part 16.

[0032] Fig. 3 shows a section through the printed circuit board 20 of a further exemplary embodiment in which the free end 46 of the centering pin 44 has a tip 47. On the side of the centering pin 44 opposite the free end 46, the pin has a shoulder 43 against which the printed circuit board 20 rests in the joining direction 8. The shoulder 43 is designed, for example, as a circular collar which has a larger outer diameter 52 than the outer diameter 53 of the centering pin 44 in its central region 54. The contact openings 50 for the soldering pins 48 and press-in pins 49 are formed in the printed circuit board 20 approximately parallel to the centering opening 45. The soldering pins 48 shown are fastened, for example, in the housing part 16 and can be inserted into the housing part as inserts, pressed in, or injected.

[0033] After the circuit board 20 has been pushed onto the centering pins 44, the free end 46 is plastically deformed. This creates a securing head 56 that has a larger diameter 57 than the diameter 58 of the centering opening 45 and than the diameter 53 of the central region 54 of the centering pin 45. The securing head 56 has a curved surface 55, which was formed, for example, by hot caulking. The securing head 56 presses the circuit board 20 against the stop 43 in the joining direction 8, thereby firmly fixing the circuit board 20 in place. If several centering pins 44 are arranged that engage in corresponding centering openings 45, twisting of the circuit board 20 in the plane 7 transverse to the joining direction 8 is also prevented.After the circuit board 20 has been fixed in the housing part 16, the solder pins 48 can be soldered mechanically so that they are electrically connected to the contact openings 50 of the circuit board 20 by means of solder connections 51.

[0034] In Fig. 5 shows an electrical machine 10 in which the housing part 16 is closed by a housing cover 26. Both the printed circuit board 20 and the housing cover 26 are approximately rectangular, with the housing cover 26 covering the entire printed circuit board 20. This allows the printed circuit board 20 to be mounted radially to the rotor shaft 32 in the joining direction 8 into the housing part 16, with the centering opening 45 of the printed circuit board 20 being joined to the centering pin 44. This also positions the contact openings 50 of the printed circuit board 20 relative to the press-in pins 49 arranged in the housing part 16. When the printed circuit board 20 is inserted, an electrically conductive clamping connection is created between the press-in pins 49 and the contact openings 50. The press-in pins 49 are, for example, formed integrally with the contact terminals 19 of the plug element 17 and are in particular pressed or injected into the housing part 16.The electronic components 38 are arranged on the side of the printed circuit board 20 facing the rotor shaft 32, so that the printed circuit board 20 is designed to be relatively flat along plane 7 on the side facing the housing cover 26. After the printed circuit board 20 has been assembled, the housing cover 26 is mounted in the joining direction 8, with the centering pin 44 extending through a housing opening 24 in the housing cover 26. The housing cover 26 is also designed to be relatively flat along plane 7, with a diamond structure being formed on the large, flat cover surface to stabilize it, whereby the material of the housing cover 26 is arranged in two different planes 61, 62, which are connected to one another in the joining direction 8 via the peripheral walls 63 of the individual diamonds 64. The housing openings 24 are arranged in recesses 60 of the housing cover 26, the border 59 of which is lower than the outer surface 65 of the housing cover 26.

[0035] After the assembly of the housing cover 26 in the joining direction 8, the free ends 46 of the centering pins 44 are plastically formed into securing heads 56, as shown in Fig. 6. In this embodiment, the securing heads 56 are arranged within the recesses 60 so that they do not protrude beyond the outer surface 65 of the housing cover 25. The diameter 57 of the securing heads 56 is larger than the diameter 23 of the housing opening 24 and larger than the diameter 53 of the central region 54 of the centering pin 44. The housing cover 26 has locking elements 70 which engage in counter-locking elements 71 on the housing part 16. In this solution, the contact force 78 of the housing cover 26 in the joining direction 8 is applied by the locking of the locking elements 70 with the counter-locking elements 71, so that the securing heads 56 are relieved. The securing heads 56 practically form a positive seal for the housing part 16, so that the housing cover 26 cannot be removed from the housing part 16 without being damaged.This prevents unauthorized opening of the housing part 16 or tampering with the electronic unit 22 arranged therein. In the exemplary embodiment, exactly two centering pins 44 are provided. These are preferably positioned in diagonally opposite corners of the housing cover 26. The locking elements 70 and counter-locking elements 71 are arranged in particular such that they do not protrude beyond the outer surface 65 of the housing cover 26.

[0036] In one variation, the housing cover 26 rests against an outer edge 76 of the housing part 16 in the joining direction 8 and is guided by a peripheral wall 77 of the housing part 16. In this embodiment, the housing cover 26 does not need to be precisely guided by the centering pin 44, since the peripheral wall 77 and the locking elements 70 with the counter-locking elements 71 perform the function of fine positioning.

[0037] In the Fig. Figures 7 to 9 again illustrate the assembly steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention. At least one centering pin 44 is arranged in the housing part 16, onto which the printed circuit board 20 is pushed with the centering opening 45 in the joining direction 8. When inserting the printed circuit board 20, the press-in pins 49 and / or the solder pins 48 are inserted into contact openings 50 of the printed circuit board 20 for electrical contact. The housing cover 26 is then pushed onto the centering pin 44 in the joining direction 8 with the housing openings 24. The free end 46 of the centering pin 44 is then plastically deformed. This creates a securing head 56 that has a larger diameter 57 than the diameter 23 of the housing opening 24.

[0038] In Fig. 7, the free end 46 has a curved surface 42 to guide the circuit board 20 on the centering pin 44 and to achieve a pre-alignment of the circuit board 20 relative to the housing part 16. In Fig. 7 shows that the centering pin 44 has a certain amount of play relative to the centering opening 45. The contact openings 50 are pre-adjusted relative to the press-in pins 49 in such a way that the conical tips 72 of the press-in pins 49 penetrate into the contact openings 50 and, by forming a clamping connection, precisely align the printed circuit board 20 in the housing part 16. For this purpose, the press-in pins 49 have a spring-loaded eyelet 73 which, in a centering manner, springs against the peripheral wall of the contact openings 50. The press-in pins 49 are arranged on electrical conductor tracks 74 that are injection-molded into the housing base 15. The printed circuit board 20 is inserted in the joining direction 8 radially relative to the rotor shaft 32 until it rests against a stop 43 on the housing part 16. On the side of the circuit board 20 facing the rotor shaft 32, a rotational position sensor 40 is attached to the circuit board, which interacts with a signal generator 41 on the rotor shaft 32.By placing the circuit board 20 on the stop 43, the rotary position sensor 40 is positioned exactly opposite the signal generator 41.

[0039] Afterwards, Fig. 8, the housing cover 26 is pushed onto the centering pin 44, and an extension 75 of the housing cover 26 presses the printed circuit board 20 against the stop 43. The free end 46 is then hot-stamped to form a securing head 56 that bears directly against the outside of the housing cover 26 in the joining direction 8. This presses the housing cover 26 and, via the extension 75, also the printed circuit board 20 in the joining direction 8 against the stop 43. During hot-stamping, the housing cover 26 and / or the printed circuit board 20 are pressed against the housing base 15 with a defined contact force 78 until the securing head 56 has cooled sufficiently. The contact force 78 can be applied by a stamping die 79, which thermally forms the free end 46.

[0040] It should be noted that, with regard to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures and in the description, a wide variety of combinations of the individual features are possible. For example, the electric machine 10 can also be designed without a gear 30, or with a gear design other than a worm gear 31. This can optionally eliminate the need for the gear housing 28, so that the housing part 16 can be designed as a pure electronics housing 25 or a housing combined with the housing of the electric motor 12. The invention is preferably used in a commutator motor 12 in which the wound rotor is driven by means of permanent magnets arranged in the pole housing 36. The circumference of the electronic components 38 on the circuit board 20 and their electrical contacting can be designed differently.For example, the circuit board 20 can be designed as a relatively small sensor board, or with or without pulse width modulation (PWM). The structure, stability, and shape of the housing cover 26, as well as the arrangement of the housing openings 24, can be varied according to requirements. The electric machine 10 is preferably used for actuators in motor vehicles, for example, for adjusting seat parts, window panes, sunroofs, and opening covers, but is not limited to such applications.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the centering pin (44) penetrates the centering opening (45) without contact points, so that the press-in pins (49) and / or the soldering pins (48) can be inserted into the contact holes (50) without stress and, in particular, can be soldered to the circuit board (20) without stress.

[0042] The invention also encompasses the combination of first fixing the printed circuit board (20) in the housing part (16) by plastically deforming a centering pin (44), and then securing the housing cover (26) by molding a securing head (56) onto a free end (46) of a centering pin (44). The plastic deformation for fixing the printed circuit board (20) and the housing cover (26) can be performed on different centering pins (44) or on the same centering pin (44). In the latter version, the plastic material deformation for fixing the printed circuit board (20) does not occur at the free end (46) of the centering pin (44), but rather at a central region (54) onto which a collar is preferably molded.

Claims

[1] Electrical machine (10), in particular for the motorized adjustment of movable parts in a motor vehicle, with a housing part (16) in which a printed circuit board (20) for electrically controlling the electrical machine (10) is arranged, wherein in the housing part (16) at least one centering pin (44) is arranged, which engages in a centering opening (45) of the printed circuit board (20), characterized by that the centering pin (44) is plastically deformed at its free end (46), wherein the centering pin (44) projects through a housing opening (24) of a housing cover (26), and the free end (46) of the centering pin (44) is plastically deformed on the outside of the housing cover (26). [2] Electrical machine (10) according to claim 1, characterized bythat the at least one centering pin (44) is formed integrally with the housing part (16) as an extension of the housing part (16), and the plastic deformation of the free end (46) is formed by supplying heat - preferably by means of hot stamping - wherein the housing part (16) is designed in particular as a plastic injection-molded part. [3] Electrical machine (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by that the centering pin (44) extends transversely to the printed circuit board (20) and has a shoulder (43) on its side opposite the free end (46) against which the printed circuit board (20) rests in the inserted state. [4] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the centering pin (44) preferably has a circular cross-section, and the free end (46) of the centering pin (44) in the fully assembled state of the electrical machine (10) after the plastic forming has a larger diameter (57) than the diameter (53) in an axially central region (54) of the centering pin (44). [5] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the plastically deformed free end (46) of the centering pin (44) presses the printed circuit board (20) against a shoulder (43) in the housing part (16) - and in particular firmly fixes the printed circuit board (20) in all three spatial directions relative to the housing part (16). [6] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the plastically deformed free end (46) of the centering pin (44) has a larger diameter (53) than the diameter (58) of the centering opening (45) of the printed circuit board (20) and the deformed free end (46) lies directly against the printed circuit board (20) in the joining direction (8). [7] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the printed circuit board (20) has electrical contact holes (50) into which press-in pins (49) are pressed and / or soldering pins (48) are soldered. [8] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the printed circuit board (20) extends approximately parallel to a rotor shaft (32) of the electrical machine (10) - and in particular carries electronic components (38), preferably a microprocessor (39) and / or a rotational position sensor (40) for detecting the rotational speed of the rotor shaft (32) - and the at least one centering pin (44) is aligned approximately tangentially to the rotor shaft (32). [9] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the plastically deformed free end (46) of the centering pin (44) has a larger diameter (53) than the diameter (23) of the housing opening (24) of the housing cover (26) and forms a securing head (56) with respect to the joining direction (8), which prevents non-destructive removal of the housing cover (26). [10] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the housing cover (26) has locking elements (70) which, in the closed state, engage in a locking manner in counter-locking elements (71) of the housing part (16), wherein in particular the circumference (80) of the housing cover (16) is arranged within a circumferential wall (77) of the housing part (16). [11] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the housing opening (24) is arranged within a - in particular pot-shaped - recess (60) of an outer surface (65) of the housing cover (26), and the plastically deformed free end (46) of the centering pin (44) does not project outwards beyond the outer surface (65). [12] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the housing cover (26) - in particular by means of an extension (75) formed in the joining direction (8) - presses the printed circuit board (20) in the joining direction (8) against the housing base (15). [13] Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that exactly one or exactly two or exactly three centering pins (44) are formed on the housing part (16). [14] Gear drive unit (14) with an electric machine (10) designed as an electric motor (12) according to one of the preceding claims, and a downstream gear (30) - preferably a worm gear (31) -, with a gear housing (28) in which the rotor shaft (32) of the electric motor (12) drives a gear wheel (34), wherein the housing part (16) is designed as an electronics housing (25), which is preferably an integral part of the gear housing (28). [15] Method for producing an electronic machine (10) - in particular an actuator in a motor vehicle - according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by following procedural steps: - Forming a housing part (16) with at least one centering pin (44) which extends along a joining direction (8) of a printed circuit board (20) - sliding a printed circuit board (20) with at least one centering opening (45) in the joining direction (8) onto the centering pin (44) - Plastically deforming a free end (46) of the centering pin (44) to form a securing head (56). [16] A method for manufacturing an electronic machine (10) according to claim 15, characterized by that the free end (46) of the centering pin (44) has a curved or conical or pointed or chamfered surface (42) before its plastic deformation. [17] Method for producing an electrical machine (10) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by that the fuse head (56) rests against the circuit board (20) in the joining direction (8) in order to firmly fix it, and then soldering pins (48) are soldered to the circuit board (20). [18] Method for producing an electrical machine (10) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized by that after the insertion of the printed circuit board (20), a housing cover (26) is mounted in the joining direction (8), which closes the housing part (16) - and in particular completely covers the printed circuit board (20) - and the centering pin (44) projects through a housing opening (24) of the housing cover (26), and then the free end (46) of the centering pin (44) is plastically deformed to form the securing head (56). [19] Method for producing an electrical machine (10) according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized by that the printed circuit board (20) is pre-centered during insertion by means of the centering pin (44), and then when press-in pins (49) are inserted into corresponding contact openings (50) of the printed circuit board (20), the printed circuit board (20) is finely adjusted with regard to its exact position. [20] Method for producing an electronic machine (10) according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized by that after the plastic deformation of the free end (46), the housing cover (26) and / or the printed circuit board (20) is pressed in the joining direction (8) against the bottom (15) of the housing part (16), wherein in particular during the plastic deformation of the free end (46), the housing cover (26) and / or the printed circuit board (20) is pressed with a defined contact force (78) against the bottom (15) of the housing part (16) until the plastic deformation is completed. [21] Method for manufacturing an electronic machine (10) according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized bythat the plastic deformation of the free end (46) is carried out by means of hot stamping or hot caulking, wherein the material of the free end (46) is first melted by means of hot air or by means of a hot stamping die (79) and then cooled again - in particular actively.

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