tractor

Abstract

Tractor unit as a vehicle with semi-trailer and / or trailer and a multi-layer system for covering the loading area with at least two functional layers and at least one support functional layer, at least one layer of foil solar cells for generating electricity, at least one control and regulating device, and with at least one three-dimensional thermally effective flat body with chambers and a vapor barrier for guiding gaseous and / or liquid media in at least two separate circuits, wherein the gaseous and / or liquid media in the at least two separate circuits can be heated by sunlight, wherein the thermal energy is supplied to at least one ice storage system and the electricity to at least one energy storage system for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and engine-driven vehicles.wherein a first closed supply circuit of thermal flat bodies with chambers and a second closed circuit of absorbing thermal flat bodies with chambers at uniform multiple intervals vertically and horizontally extend over the entire surface of a loading cover.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a tractor unit as a vehicle with a semi-trailer and / or trailer and / or swap body, and a multifunctional tarpaulin on its surface for covering the loading area, which consists of a multilayer system of organic solar cells arranged one above the other and divided into sections. It also relates to a multilayer system of guiding textile channels for transporting liquid and / or gaseous media in at least two separate channels, which partially covers the roof structure of a trailer, semi-trailer, container, or railway wagon, or completely covers its side surfaces. Such a tarpaulin is known from DE 10 2013 009 333 A1.

[0002] From the forthcoming publication DE 19 949 001 A1, a tractor unit with a semi-trailer and / or trailer with at least one tarpaulin for covering the loading area, consisting of flexible solar cell strips, is known. Publication DE 196 45 178 A1 discloses a device for cooling a vehicle interior with a first refrigerant circuit comprising a compressor, a condenser, and at least one evaporator.

[0003] Tractor units with bodies and trailers are available in various dimensions and sizes for transporting different goods and weights. A tractor unit is usually powered by an internal combustion engine running on diesel fuel or a diesel-fuel blend. Due to dwindling resources, vehicles powered by one or more batteries or electric motors are also becoming increasingly common in series production. Hydrogen vehicles, including diesel-fuel blend vehicles, will also play a role in the future. By constructing an insulated wall within the vehicle body, refrigerated bodies are also being built on semi-trailers, trailers, and railway wagons for energy generation.

[0004] For feeding energy into the battery system of a tractor unit with a semi-trailer or trailer, in addition to energy-generating hybrid surfaces made of liquid and gaseous media and solar power from vehicle bodies, systems for brake energy recuperation are also important. A combination of these generators leads to lower energy consumption. Modern composite materials as structural components and tarpaulin films made preferably from biodegradable natural materials conserve resources.

[0005] US patent 20120253575 A1 describes a truck with parallel hybrid technology (internal combustion engine and electric motor) driven by electric motors on the axles. The battery consists of several DC batteries that can be charged quickly via the public power grid. Depending on the light conditions, especially during the day, solar panels on the truck body provide additional support for the drive system and / or its auxiliary components. A measuring and control system uses a sensor to measure the current draw from the main battery and controls the current drawn from an additional battery, consisting of several accumulators, which powers the solar panel array. In a further development, the accumulators from the main battery and the accumulators from the solar panel array interact with each other and can therefore be limited to the necessary minimum via a charging and control system.The solar cell battery is connected to the main battery and can also be charged with power from the main battery.

[0006] DE 2649872 A1 describes a method for the simultaneous generation of useful heat and cooling for separate and / or combined heating and cooling systems. This method utilizes the latent heat of fusion of water as a heat source for generating useful heat and the latent heat of fusion of ice as stored energy for generating useful cooling. The energy supplied to the refrigeration compressors for generating useful heat simultaneously ensures the generation of useful cooling by extracting the latent heat of fusion from the water in the tank at the evaporator. The heat recovered in this process is raised to a higher temperature level by one or more refrigeration units operating on the heat pump principle and used as useful heat at the condenser. The waste product, ice, generated from this thermal process is collected in a storage tank, and the latent heat of fusion from the ice is used to generate the useful cooling.

[0007] It is known to use heat pumps to meet these requirements, which serve to generate usable heat in winter and usable cooling in summer.

[0008] The object of the invention is to utilize the incident light, in particular sunlight during the day, and to use this light on the surface structures of the pendants for heating gaseous and liquid media, as well as to generate electricity from photovoltaics and thermoelectric generators. This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. This involves the creation of several different functional closed circuits within the chambers, wherein at least two closed chamber circuits are in contact and transfer the cooling and / or heating energy to each other via a thermal bridge.The resulting hybrid energy can be supplied and / or discharged directly and / or via an ice storage system integrated into the vehicle and / or an external ice storage system stationary in an earth pit. This energy is generated as excess energy during the vehicle's and / or trailer's idle and / or driving times, as energy recovered from the surfaces of the vehicle body, trailer, semi-trailer, or wagon. Excess energy from liquid or gaseous media bound in heat or cold (heat of crystallization) is transferred to and / or discharged from the ice storage system located on the vehicle. The vehicle bodies provide a large surface area for transport, protecting the cargo from environmental influences and using solar energy to heat the media within them and / or convert sunlight into electricity.

[0009] On the surfaces of the vehicle bodies, foil solar cells convert light into electricity, while in the flat thermal channels, solar radiation generates heat energy. Excess energy from this heat is stored in thermal chambers containing media such as glycol-containing liquids, gaseous media like air, and heating cables. Electricity from batteries and solar cells is used to generate heat in an ice storage system, and this energy is then recovered by a heat pump. During periods when the vehicle is stationary, this energy is used to power the vehicle cabin, cargo space, and / or the vehicle bodies and their components themselves, either directly or via an integrated ice storage system. This energy is then returned to the vehicle and its bodies in a closed loop, either directly or via an ice storage system on the vehicle / trailer.The generated electricity can also be converted into heat energy using heating foils in the chambers, or used to power other energy consumers via a battery. Alternatively, the energy from the vehicle's ice storage system and / or underground ice storage systems can be used to operate buildings, garages, and production halls. Depending on the number and energy-supplying vehicles and the design of the ice storage volumes, larger or smaller volumes of buildings and commercial vehicle cabins, as well as loading areas, can be operated with heat or cooling energy from vehicle bodies and at least one tank of ice storage systems on the vehicle and underground storage.Particularly at night, this would be advantageous for vehicles with superstructures and trailers during periods of inactivity, as it would allow energy from the ice storage units on the vehicle and / or the ground, photovoltaics from batteries on the vehicle to power the vehicle's air conditioning, trailer cooling, on-board electronics, electric motors for axle drive, and / or from one or more batteries of an additional battery circuit of the hybrid vehicle. Cooling energy and / or heating energy from the ice storage unit could be directly supplied to the vehicle for air conditioning and cooling. The heat pumps and / or evaporators can be rotated within their assembly by an actuator motor to transport the media in one or the opposite direction. Alternatively, the heat exchanger pump could transport media in both directions simultaneously.Before the flow direction of the media changes, it is first routed through an expansion tank before new media at a set temperature flow in. Thermally active flat bodies and / or photovoltaics, along with the warp and weft threads of a flexible tarpaulin, are part of the superstructure of a trailer, semi-trailer, or railcar for the purpose of superstructure and cover, as well as the associated protection of the cargo. The thermal flat bodies form chambers or subdivided chambers through whose cavities gaseous and / or liquid media of cold energy and / or heat energy flow. The cavities are created by parallel cover layers and spacer fabrics with a fluid-tight and vapor-tight surface barrier layer in the chamber. A fluid-tight surface layer is understood to be a layer that is liquid-tight and preferably also gas-tight.Thermal flat panels in the form of mats with flexible top layers and / or flexible spacers can be attached in sections to all sides of a vehicle body to the fabric / knitted material of a tarpaulin body. This is achieved by attaching longitudinally and transversely spaced metal strips to both the fabric / knitted material of the tarpaulin and the fabric / knitted material of the thermal flat panels using a removable adhesive. The metal strips are bonded, pressed, or welded to the textile and have a roughened surface on their bonded side to the textile for improved adhesion. The metal strips serve not only to secure the textile mats, warp-woven and knitted fabrics, but also to attach removable mounting devices to the fabric / knitted material of the tarpaulin body. These devices can be used to mount fans, compressors, heat pumps, sensors, couplings, valve compensators, and shape memory elements.Alternatively, the metal strip can be attached to a polyurethane foam and / or polyurethane fabric / knitted material. Heat pumps, valve balancing devices, sensors, couplings, and fans are connected to the chambers for measuring, conveying, and pressure equalizing the media contained within them. Couplings or three-way valves connect separate chambers to one another.The textile mats attached to the woven / knitted fabric of the tarpaulin are fitted with filling expansion elements made of plastic, rubber, polyurethane, or silicone between, on top of, and next to each other. These elements are created by applying forces to the spaces between the mats. They also serve as electrical conductors for conducting electricity from the solar cells to the accumulators and as supply lines for operating the various devices for regulating, controlling, and conveying liquid and gaseous media, organic light, textile switches, sensors for wireless transmission, heating tapes, heating filaments, heat pumps, fans, valves, cooling systems, and control and regulating devices. These devices are controlled by at least one accumulator, which receives its electricity from the main energy storage system (lithium-air storage / lithium-ion storage) of the photovoltaic system.The foil solar cells cover parts or the entire surface of the vehicle bodies. In doing so, they naturally help to reduce the combustion energy of thermally insulated structures, such as those used for transporting and cooling food and beverages. This includes extracting heat energy from the cargo space, supplying cooling energy via the ice storage system, and generating electricity from regenerative braking, which is stored in an energy storage unit and / or main storage system to power and cool an electric refrigeration compressor for the cargo space. The various systems—photovoltaics, thermal heating, thermal cooling, and ice storage—are controlled by a sensor- and microchip-controlled management system and customized software.

[0010] The body of the ground storage system, designed as an ice storage unit, is embedded in the ground as a concrete vessel and filled with water for energy storage. The system features a first heat exchanger arrangement for heat extraction, and second and third heat exchanger arrangements for heat supply to the ice storage unit. A second heat exchanger arrangement consists of a closed, axially charged, preferably humid air chamber, while a first heat exchanger arrangement is charged with liquid. The second and / or third heat exchanger arrangement also supplies heat via thermally active flat bodies within the vehicle superstructure, using various gaseous heat sources and a fan within its chambers. The surfaces of the vehicle superstructure, with their closed thermal chambers, act as solar absorbers.Through one or more openings in a closed chamber, the warm exhaust air from a refrigeration system is directed either directly to the ice storage tank or to a chamber heat exchanger. This heat exchanger transfers the heat from the air to a second chamber containing a liquid or gaseous medium. An absorption heat pump in this second chamber then transfers the energy in the axial heat exchanger tubes to the water in the ice storage tank. This heat is released through a drain valve and a pressure equalization chamber within the closed system. The thermal energy is transferred to the water storage (energy storage) of the ice storage tank. Vehicle bodies and trailers are exposed to environmental influences year-round, day and night. During the day, warm, humid air circulating in the sunshine accumulates in the chambers and is transported via a heat exchanger to a heat pump.Here, a circulating medium (refrigerant) is contained within the chambers, continuously changing its state of matter under pressure and temperature. The liquid refrigerant becomes gaseous. When the gaseous refrigerant is compressed, it heats up further. Thus, the first chamber consists of a gaseous chamber that heats up and transfers the heat to a second chamber filled with refrigerant. In the heat exchange process, the textile chambers are stacked on top of each other; when placed side by side, their cross-sections change, but the volumetric flow rate remains constant. Simultaneously, for improved heat transfer, metal threads made of aluminum and / or copper are embedded in the textile separating layers between the first and second chambers. A sensor in the circuit of each chamber also monitors the temperature, fluid loss, and state of matter.The metal filaments not only transfer heat from one chamber to another, but also convert electricity from an energy storage device into heat and transfer it to the medium in the respective chamber, thus heating it. In a second circuit, the compressed gas heats up further and is delivered directly to a consumer via another heat exchanger process within a dual chamber or via a heat storage device at the consumer. Alternatively, the outer layers of the dual chambers of the two heat exchangers (dual chamber) are insulated. A balancing valve changes the state of the medium in the circuit from gaseous to liquid, and the cycle begins anew. The electronics and the three separate chamber circuits are monitored by a switching and control unit using a processor and sensors.Depending on the size of the vehicle or trailer, thermal mats can be installed almost anywhere – on the sides, roof, front, or end. This creates self-contained modules, the heat or cold energy of which is transferred from each module to a manifold. The heat transfer medium from each module is then used to transfer the energy to the vehicle's ice storage system and / or directly to the vehicle's heating or cooling system. The manifold uses a heat transfer medium (liquid brine, water-glycol mixture) to supply energy from the multiple inlets of the thermal mats, which are located on the inside and / or outside of the cargo area. These inlets are collected by insulating pipes connected to the outlets via quick-release couplings. The size of the system depends on the number of mats used. One or more such supply and return lines are required.In one or more additional pipes, the heat transfer medium flows back towards the mats and circulates. At least one discharge and one supply pipe contain adjustable three-way valves with coupling connections, so that the circuit not only supplies the vehicle itself from the vehicle's onboard ice storage system, but also, during periods of vehicle inactivity, supplies an external ice storage system via a three-way connection. This system uses a heat exchanger to transfer gaseous heat energy from a glycol-water mixture, a glycol-propylene mixture, or a water-brine mixture. This external ice storage system, for example, is embedded in the ground of a parking lot. The heat is stored in the ground via a second heat exchanger in the underground storage system and the surrounding soil. After entering the second heat exchanger ring main in the ground storage system (ice storage system), the gaseous energy cools down.A balancing valve reverses the process from a gaseous to a liquid medium, and the medium is pumped back to at least one of the heat exchangers attached to the vehicle. There, in a restarted process, it transforms back into a gaseous state through the application of new thermal energy.

[0011] Supply and discharge lines run in separate circuits underground in a parking lot, from the underground storage tank to the quick-coupling device on the vehicle, and beyond that in separate circuits into the thermal chambers of the vehicle body. The cycle then begins anew.

[0012] The cargo area is divided into sections by insulating partitions, allowing for different cooling temperatures. Heat dissipation and / or cooling supply via ice storage on the vehicle and / or external ice storage units are each regulated by closed circuits in fluids flowing through the thermally active flat bodies. Additionally, a third, independent cooling circuit, also located within the thermal chambers, is driven by a stationary electric compressor and its fan. The cooling unit is mounted at the front of the cargo area, facing the direction of travel.

[0013] The energy extracted from the ground storage / ice storage system, in the form of cold or heat, can be drawn from the vehicle and its superstructure, as well as trailers (e.g., a semi-trailer), via their primary ground-based heat pump. Conversely, this energy is transferred back to the vehicle via a heat pump at the ground storage system, in the form of evaporated refrigerant or heat transfer fluid, in a separate circuit within the thermal chambers for heat or cold release. Advantageously, the thermal mats are oriented towards the interior of the superstructure. The heat or cold supplied from the ground storage system serves to regulate the temperature of the polyurethane-insulated interior of the loading platform of the vehicle superstructure and / or its semi-trailer, trailer, cab, as well as via an ice storage system attached to the tractor unit and / or trailer.An advantageous solution is to mount the ice storage system with inlet and outlet lines in the engine compartment of a vehicle to utilize the waste heat from the combustion engine and / or a battery-powered vehicle. This heat can be radiated from the respective components—combustion engine, brakes, and / or battery—and transferred to the environment via an air blower and ducts, valves and bypasses, generators, and latent heat storage units. A heat exchanger installed in the combustion engine's cooling water circuit prevents the engine's cooling water temperature from dropping below a predetermined value by extracting warm air or water, and also transfers this heat to the ice storage system. The ice storage system is mounted both inside and outside the engine compartment in such a way that it can be completely covered by two polyurethane half-shells within its mounting bracket when needed.Ice storage systems can be 50 or 100-liter water tanks with a closed external inlet and a closed internal outlet. These ice storage tanks can be installed in the engine compartment, on the front of the vehicle, or beneath the floor of a semi-trailer in an independent, closed double circuit with a heat pump, compressor, and air vent. In an insulated cargo area of ​​a trailer, wagon, semi-trailer, or container, the air is continuously cooled by a heat pump. This energy can be supplied directly to the cab and heat exchanger of a tractor unit, to thermoelectric elements that convert heat into electricity, or to latent heat storage systems and ice storage units on the vehicle.Through vibration, the latent heat storage units release their thermal energy to a heat pump. The heat pump's circuit carries the energy via an insulated pipe through a public ground storage / ice storage system, where it cools and returns in liquid form to the heat pump, which is supplied with heat from the latent heat storage unit in a separate circuit. Additional heat for the latent heat storage unit is provided by an electric heating element within the liquid / solid media of the storage unit, preferably drawing excess energy (negative current) from the battery management system of the tractor unit or its trailer.

[0014] In addition to the photovoltaic thin-film solar cells on the surface of the vehicle body, at least one battery is also charged from the public grid. Heat from the latent heat exchanger is also supplied to the driver's cab and cargo area via a heating system, as needed, by means of heat emitted from the flat-plate thermal collectors in the cargo area. All fluid-carrying lines on the vehicle are insulated at their inlets and outlets in connection with the textile flat-plate thermal collectors, provided these are connected to ice storage systems, external ice storage systems, heat pumps, latent heat storage systems, or thermoelectric generators via lines on the vehicle. The latent heat storage systems are preferably mounted on the vehicle floor, and thermoelectric generators are connected upstream via lines consisting of a plate-shaped or tubular heat exchanger.The medium flowing through it converts heat into electricity via thermocouples connected in series or parallel to form a thermogenerator for power generation.

[0015] A further development involves two ice storage circuits mounted under the vehicle floor. One circuit extracts heat energy from the cargo space via a heat pump, while the other circuit transports cooling energy from the ice storage to the cargo space and transfers heat energy from the cargo space back into the ice storage. In refrigerated compartments, this is the reverse of the process used in heated spaces, such as a vehicle cabin. Simultaneously, the cargo space can be subdivided by vertical or horizontal partitions as needed, allowing goods requiring different temperatures to be transported, which can lead to further energy savings.The room dividers are also equipped with thermal textile mats in whose channels heat energy is absorbed through a closed circuit using frost-resistant, non-flammable liquid, air, or nitrogen. This heat is then circulated by a heat pump and transferred to an ice storage system and / or latent heat storage system. Latent heat storage systems consist of inexpensive storage materials such as paraffin or Glauber's salt, which lose their solid properties when heat is added, becoming liquid, and then solidify again when heat is removed. This allows heat to be stored for extended periods. The latent heat storage system can be triggered by a vibration using a sensor filament connected to a control unit.The sensor filament measures the pressure difference between the latent heat storage housing and the latent heat storage material within a jacket. It compares a setpoint (liquid warm phase) with an actual value (cold phase) and, by applying a voltage, triggers a vibration of the latent heat storage unit. At that moment, thermal energy is released. The liquid phase (setpoint) then returns to a solid state (setpoint). The process begins anew through the absorption of the flowing thermal energy. In summer, in compartments divided by partition walls and thermal channels, the mats provide cooling through melting ice blocks in external ice storage units during periods of inactivity. During the operating phase, heat is extracted from both ice storage units by two additional heat pumps in a separate circuit to cool the cargo space, thus extending the operating phase of the ice storage units.The thermal energy is supplied to the vehicle, or to a latent heat storage system, such as a ground storage unit. Even without an on-board ice storage system, the thermal energy from the cargo space can be supplied to direct consumers such as a ground storage unit (ice storage system) or the vehicle cabin in a closed heat circuit. Depending on the size of the cargo volume and the desired temperature, the number of ice storage units and heat pump circuits can be multiplied by dividing them into specific sections. Especially in summer, the cargo spaces of tarpaulin-covered vehicles store a significant amount of heat. This heat is extracted from the cargo space via an opening and thermal channels, and, advantageously, during the parking period of a semi-trailer truck, transferred to an external ice storage system via one or more adjacent mats that extract heat using heat pumps. The extracted heat is then fed to the ice storage system via pipes with quick-release couplings.The frozen ice blocks in the ice storage unit are subjected to heat input and the thawing phase, generating new heat of crystallization which is then supplied to the vehicle as cooling energy in a new cycle. The difference in temperature required to achieve the desired cooling temperature in the cargo area is then used by electric compressors, preferably powered by photovoltaic current generated from the surfaces of the vehicle body. These compressors are powered by a lithium-air battery, providing supplementary cooling to the cold from the ice storage unit.Refrigeration compressors, powered by combustion engines and mounted on the front of the cargo area, generate combustion heat. This heat is transferred via a heat exchanger, preferably located at the engine's exhaust manifold, to a circulating gaseous medium (air, nitrogen, or liquid). This medium is introduced into the thermal channels of the mats and then, via a further heat pump circuit, through a thermoelectric generator, a latent heat storage system, an ice storage unit mounted on the vehicle, and / or an external ice storage unit. When the vehicle is stationary and the cooling system is running, additional heat is introduced directly into the external ice storage unit or alternatively via pipes.

[0016] A cross-section of the superstructure on the vehicle, semi-trailer, trailer, or container shows a load-bearing warp and weft knitted fabric and / or woven fabric, a thermal textile element, at least one layer of foil solar cells, and / or a layer of light films whose outermost back-contact film consists of aluminum foil. The warp and weft woven and knitted fabrics are provided with rigid and / or flexible polyurethane foam for thermal insulation. They create a flexible or rigid box body.

[0017] Metal strips are attached longitudinally and / or transversely to the warp and weft fabrics. Removable shape-memory elements are attached to these metal strips. These elements cause a change in the distance between the outer solar cell layer and the thermal layer. They are surrounded by a frame adjustable by sensors and shape-memory elements that change the angle and distance to both layers. This change is attributable to the vehicle's initial position, ensuring that the surfaces conform to the position and dimensions specified in the road traffic regulations. Openings for connection, preferably a quick-release coupling for the photovoltaic system and a quick-release coupling for liquid and / or gaseous fluids, for inlets and outlets for external connections, as well as internal connections, are provided on all four sides of at least one side surface, roof surface, or preferably on the bottom frame of the front face.

[0018] Another solution involves openings in the bottom of the front of a trailer, whose thermal and electrical lines lead to a storage unit beneath the vehicle floor. This unit houses heat pumps, charging and control devices, latent heat storage, ice storage, and energy storage (high-voltage and low-voltage) in separate compartments. A vehicle's electrical system includes at least one electrical energy storage device, a generator, a DC / DC converter for converting high-voltage to low-voltage current, and potentially several energy converters for converting renewable energy sources into electrical energy, as well as multiple electrical consumers.A control unit integrated into the generator management system with regenerative braking allows the energy management system to influence the generator, and the DC / DC converter can also be controlled by the energy management system. Accordingly, the energy management system controls the DC / DC converter in such a way that the available renewable energy from the energy converters can be distributed between the at least one electrical energy storage device and, if applicable, multiple electrical consumers. When renewable energy sources are used, such as regenerative braking, the control unit aims to charge the electrical energy storage device (high-voltage battery, supercapacitor) to a 100% state of charge. The high-voltage battery is connected to the low-voltage battery via a bidirectional DC / DC converter.A bidirectional AC / DC converter allows the high-voltage battery to be connected to an external mains supply in both directions for charging or discharging. The direction of energy flow is controlled by a control unit. When a vehicle is parked, the device can be connected to the external power supply via a charging cable. A switching device then directs the current to or from the vehicle. Simultaneously with the charging of the high-voltage battery, a DC / DC converter allows the low-voltage battery to be charged or discharged from the public grid (house connection). At night, the batteries can be charged with negative current from the public grid, and the status of both the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries can be monitored externally. During the day, excess solar power is preferably dissipated.The excess power can also be transferred from the trailer to the tractor unit via a bidirectional AC / DC and DC / DC converter to the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries. Devices determine the state of charge of the high-voltage and low-voltage batteries, comparing it to a threshold value. High-voltage and low-voltage batteries charge other low-voltage batteries, or high-voltage batteries exchange current with each other to maintain the overall operational readiness of the electrical system as soon as a certain value is undershot. The function of the low-voltage batteries is to supply power to the AC / DC and DC / DC converters, the control unit, thermoelectric generators, heat pumps, evaporators, valves, fans, shape memory elements, motors, relays, lights, thermal insulation, DC sockets, etc.The high-voltage batteries supply power to the hydraulic electric pump, cooling system, electric motors for wheel drive, internal and external ice storage, and AC outlets. The cargo box and compartment partitions are equipped with closable ventilation slots and an adjustable ventilation system. Alternatively, temperature is maintained via an electric heating system or intersecting thermal channels. Each high-voltage battery is equipped with a relay for emergency power shutdown in the event of a short circuit. This allows for the disconnection of high DC currents at simultaneously high operating voltages, ensuring a premature safety shutdown of the DC current from the high-voltage or low-voltage batteries (lithium-air, lithium-ion, lithium-nickel-metal hydride, lithium iron phosphate, high-performance capacitors) in load circuits in case of deviations.The batteries can also be used in combination with regenerative braking or a thermogenerator from heat-intensive processes. The energy from this thermogenerator is stored by one of the high-voltage batteries. The case incorporates a power input socket and a power output socket integrated into recesses in the case frame and is sealed with a lid. Two inverters each provide DC and AC power input and output. Cables for various purposes are routed individually and / or in multiples through the thermal textile channels at all levels and functions of the superstructure. A sensor, air inlet and outlet, and a fan allow for the removal and regulation of heat or cold.

[0019] Advances in refrigeration technology for temperature-controlled transport eliminate the need for a diesel engine. Instead, the refrigeration unit is driven by a hydraulic pump directly connected to the truck's power take-off (PTO) shaft, which in turn powers a hydraulic motor inside the unit. Power is transmitted via the truck's hydraulic system to the refrigeration unit's hydraulic pump, which drives the internal hydraulic motor. A three-way valve connects the truck's hydraulic system to the refrigeration unit's hydraulic pump. This allows power to be transferred via a solar-powered energy storage system to an electric hydraulic pump, which then drives the hydraulic motor. The battery is charged by the vehicle's thin-film photovoltaic system.Rail vehicles such as railway carriages would provide a lower-CO2 energy supply through their ice storage facilities in the vicinity of the station and their associated buildings.

[0020] The base box contains a water and / or water mixing tank with a pump, which uses a float to indicate the water level in the tank, as well as a line and level sensors in a closed gaseous and / or liquid thermally effective flat body circuit and / or ice storage to ensure maximum fluid supply for heat or cold exchange.

Claims

[1] Tractor unit as a vehicle with semi-trailer and / or trailer and a multi-layer system for covering the loading area with at least two functional layers and at least one support functional layer, at least one layer of foil solar cells for generating electricity, at least one control and regulating device, and with at least one three-dimensional thermally effective flat body with chambers and a vapor barrier for guiding gaseous and / or liquid media in at least two separate circuits, wherein the gaseous and / or liquid media in the at least two separate circuits can be heated by sunlight, wherein the thermal energy is supplied to at least one ice storage system and the electricity to at least one energy storage system for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or engine-driven vehicles.wherein a first closed supply circuit of thermal flat bodies with chambers and a second closed circuit of absorbing thermal flat bodies with chambers at uniform multiple intervals vertically and horizontally extend over the entire surface of a loading cover.