Method, adapter, additional control unit and charging system for the electric charging of electric vehicles

Abstract

Adapter with an input-side CHAdeMO socket (10a) for receiving a charging station plug (3) of a CHAdeMO charging station (2), an output-side CCS plug (10b) for connection to an electric vehicle (1), and an electronic circuit logic designed to embed incoming signal states via the CHAdeMO socket (10a) into a CAN message and provide it as an output signal.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of charging systems and interfaces for electric vehicles.

[0002] A wide variety of charging systems and interfaces are used worldwide, and these are incompatible with each other. In addition to the various options for charging an electric vehicle with alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), there are different connector standards for the USA, Europe, and China, including AC and AC / DC variants, as well as the CHAdeMO standard and OEM-specific connector solutions. Due to various technical factors such as voltage levels, lack of supply voltage, protocol behavior, complexity, and cost, adapting these systems is not straightforward. Because of the size of the socket systems, the limited available installation space, and the cost, the parallel installation of different charging system interfaces on a vehicle is generally avoided.

[0003] The CHAdeMO charging system is based on direct current (DC) and supports an electrical charging power of up to 62.5 kW. CHAdeMO charging communication uses the CAN protocol and is implemented via two CAN lines and separate signal lines. With the CHAdeMO protocol, the vehicle's battery management system connects to the fast charging station's computer, forming a master-slave system. The vehicle's battery management system (master) transmits charging parameters to the charging station (slave), such as the current state of charge of the traction battery, as well as the DC voltage and maximum current at which the traction battery may be charged. Furthermore, parameters such as voltage, temperature, and other characteristics of the traction battery are transmitted. The CHAdeMO protocol is recognized as a DC charging standard within the framework of ISO standards and is included in the standards ISO / IEC 61851-23 and ISO / IEC 61851-24.ChAdeMO is a trademark registered for the “CHAdeMO Association” (registration numbers 1001642, 1028030).

[0004] The Combined Charging System (CCS) is a charging connector system for electric vehicles that supports both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) charging. CCS is standardized according to the international standard IEC 62196 and is valid in Germany as the DIN standard DIN EN 62196. IEC 61851-1 "Mode 3" specifies fast charging up to 250 A. IEC 61851-1 "Mode 4" supports fast charging up to 400 A with control by an external charger. The Type 2 connector, standardized according to IEC 62196-2:2011, serves as the charging plug and socket. In the future, the Type 2 connector in combination with Mode 3 is intended to be used as a uniform solution in the EU and will also be used for fast DC charging in the form of the Combo2 connector (according to IEC 62196-3:2014). CCS charging communication is based on pulse-width modulation of a square wave.For fast charging, this communication technology is extended by an interface based on digital powerline communication (PLC).

[0005] An adapter solution also exists that converts CHAdeMO to the OEM charging system of Tesla vehicles. However, this adapter solution has the disadvantage that it only establishes a connection to the Tesla-specific charging system.

[0006] European patent application EP 2 628 630 A2 discloses a multi-standard compatible charging device for electric vehicles in which a transmission device communicates with a battery management system via an external protocol and communicates with a power converter via an internal protocol.

[0007] However, implementing the CHAdeMO-CAN protocol to the CCS "Powerline" protocol and establishing the electrical framework is complex and time-critical.

[0008] US 2015 / 0 224 890 A1 discloses a converter for a vehicle that controls a connection between the vehicle and a charger, and a communication protocol converter configured to perform message conversion between the vehicle and the charger. KR 10 2015 0 107 121 A discloses a method and a device for converting the charging system of an electric vehicle, enabling electric vehicles with different charging methods to be charged with a single charger. CN 104 578 291 A discloses charging of electric vehicles using different communication protocols. DE 11 2013 006 901 T5 discloses an inter-protocol charging adapter. WO 2017 / 141 329 A1 discloses a protocol conversion device. DE 10 2015 206 047 A1 discloses an adapter for the electric charging of a vehicle. WO 2016 / 081 498 A1 reveals a smart charging module for plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) that can measure a charging parameter of the PEV.

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a charging system that at least partially overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0010] This problem is solved by the adapter according to claim 1 and the additional control unit according to claim 5, as well as by the charging system according to claim 10. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0011] The following describes exemplary methods and technology for electrically charging electric vehicles with a charging port according to the CCS standard ("Combined Charging System") and a charging manager with CHAdeMO capability at CHAdeMO charging stations using adapters for signal conversion. Besides the incompatibility of the CHAdeMO and CCS signals, the invention addresses the problem of transmitting information from a total of six CHAdeMO-side input lines via only two CCS-side signal lines available.

[0012] The invention relates to an adapter with an input-side CHAdeMO socket for receiving a charging station plug of a CHAdeMO charging station, an output-side CCS plug for connection to an electric vehicle, and an electronic circuit logic designed to embed incoming signal states via the CHAdeMO socket into a CAN message and provide them as an output signal.

[0013] Such an adapter “CHAdeMO-CCS” can be used, for example, for electric vehicles with the European CCS charging interface, which, by means of the adapter and an additional control unit to be installed in the electric vehicle in front of the charging manager, allows the charging of an electric vehicle battery, e.g. the traction battery, at CHAdeMO charging stations.

[0014] The circuit electronics of the adapter can, for example, be designed so that the embedding of the signal states into a CAN message takes place at fixed time intervals and / or when a change in an input signal is detected.

[0015] Furthermore, the circuit logic of the adapter can be designed to forward a CAN message occurring during communication during a charging process from the CHAdeMO charging station or from a charging manager of the electric vehicle unchanged to the respective counterpart.

[0016] The adapter can also be designed to send the CAN message to an additional control unit in the electric vehicle that is connected in front of a charging manager.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the charging manager of the electric vehicle supports both the CCS protocol and the CHAdeMO protocol. This allows the charging manager to correctly interpret a CAN message forwarded to it unchanged from the CHAdeMO-CCS adapter.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the CCS lines Control Pilot (CP) and Proximity Pilot (PP) are used as CAN-HIGH and CAN-LOW for transmitting the CAN message to an electric vehicle.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment, the HV supply voltage lines (HV+, HV-) are directly connected in the adapter.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, the functional protective earth is interconnected and the functional protective earth is used as a reference potential for communication.

[0021] The invention further relates to an additional control unit designed to be connected between a CCS charging socket of an electric vehicle and a charging manager of the electric vehicle, wherein the additional control unit has a circuit logic designed to convert a CAN message received from a circuit logic of a CHAdeMO CCS adapter into electrical signals and to provide them to the charging manager of the electric vehicle.

[0022] The auxiliary control unit can, for example, be designed to be connected directly into the wiring harness upstream of the charging manager in the electric vehicle. For instance, the auxiliary control unit can be "split in" to the wiring harness, similar to an extension cord. This has the advantage that no modifications to the wiring harness are necessary.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, a socket / plug combination is used on the auxiliary control unit, which is also used on the charging manager of the electric vehicle.

[0024] The circuit logic of the additional control unit can also be designed to convert the digital output signals of the charging manager into CAN messages and send these to a circuit logic of the CHAdeMO CCS adapter.

[0025] The circuit logic of the additional control unit can, for example, be designed to forward incoming CHAdeMO CAN messages directly to the charging manager.

[0026] Furthermore, the circuit logic of the additional control unit can be designed to forward a CAN message occurring during communication during a charging process from a CHAdeMO charging station or from the charging manager of the electric vehicle unchanged to the respective counterpart.

[0027] CAN messages arriving from the CHAdeMO side are passed on unchanged to the vehicle side, and CHAdeMO CAN messages arriving from the vehicle side are also passed on unchanged to the CHAdeMO charging station.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the additional control unit is designed to be connected to the CCS charging socket of the electric vehicle via the wiring harness using the functional protective earth (PE), control pilot (CP) and proximity pilot (PP) lines.

[0029] According to another preferred embodiment, the Control Pilot (CP) and Proximity Pilot (PP) lines are connected directly to the charging manager (5) via a separable connection. For example, the circuit logic of the auxiliary control unit can interrupt the functional connection between the Control Pilot (CP) and Proximity Pilot (PP) and the charging manager and establish communication with the external CHAdeMO CCS adapter if a CAN message is detected on the Control Pilot / Proximity Pilot (CP / PP) line pair by a CAN transceiver of the auxiliary control unit that is also connected.

[0030] The invention further relates to a charging system comprising a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter as described above, and an additional control unit as described above, connected in an electric vehicle upstream of a charging manager, wherein the circuit logic of the additional control unit is designed to convert a CAN message received by the circuit logic of the CHAdeMO-CCS adapter into electrical signals and to provide them to the charging manager of the electric vehicle.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the charging manager of the electric vehicle supports both the CCS protocol and the CHAdeMO protocol. This allows the charging manager to correctly interpret the CCS messages from the charging station if the electric vehicle is being charged at a CCS charging station, and also to correctly interpret the CHAdeMO messages from the charging station if the electric vehicle is being charged at a CHAdeMO charging station using a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter.

[0032] The invention further relates to a charging method in which signal states received from a CHAdeMO charging station are embedded in a CAN message and forwarded embedded in the CAN message to an electric vehicle.

[0033] The invention enables a significant increase in the usability of (otherwise incompatible) charging points with minimal technical and financial effort, and thus

[0034] Availability of the electric vehicle can be achieved. It would also be conceivable to forgo the additional installation of a CHAdeMO charging socket in the vehicle in combination with the inclusion of the CHAdeMO-CCS adapter described here.

[0035] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are now described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 an electric vehicle 1 at a CHAdeMO charging station 2 according to the already known CHAdeMO charging technology; Fig. 2 shows an electric vehicle 1 at a CCS charging station 7 according to the already known CCS charging technology; Fig. 3 shows a charging technology according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the circuit design of a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter according to the invention; Fig. 5a shows the connections of the CHAdeMO socket of an exemplary CHAdeMO CCS adapter in a top view; Fig. 5b shows the connections of the CCS connector of an exemplary CHAdeMO CCS adapter in a top view; Fig. 6 shows the structure of the CCS-CHAdeMO auxiliary control unit in the electric vehicle; Fig. 7a shows the connections of the socket of the exemplary auxiliary control unit in a top view; Fig. 7b shows the connections of the plug of the exemplary auxiliary control unit in a top view; Fig. Figure 8a shows a schematic representation of the operation of a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter according to the invention; Fig. Figure 8b shows a schematic representation of the operation of an additional control unit according to the invention for a charging manager of an electric vehicle; and Fig. Figure 9 schematically shows an embodiment of a charging method in which signal states received from a CHAdeMO charging station are embedded in a CAN message and forwarded embedded in the CAN message to an electric vehicle.

[0036] Fig. Figure 1 shows an electric vehicle 1 connected to a CHAdeMO charging station 2, using the established CHAdeMO charging technology. To connect the electric vehicle 1 to the CHAdeMO charging station 2, the CHAdeMO charging station 2 has a CHAdeMO connector 3, which is inserted into a CHAdeMO socket 4 of the electric vehicle 1. The electric vehicle 1 is also equipped with a charging manager 5, which communicates with the energy management system 6 of the electric vehicle 1. In this case, the charging manager 5 is designed to operate according to the CHAdeMO protocol. Communication between the charging station 2 and the electric vehicle 1 is achieved through a combination of status signals and 2-wire CAN communication.

[0037] Fig. Figure 2 shows an electric vehicle 1 connected to a CCS charging station 7 using the established CCS charging technology. To connect the electric vehicle 1 to the CCS charging station 7, the charging station 7 has a CCS connector 8, which is inserted into a CCS socket 9 of the electric vehicle 1. The electric vehicle 1 is also equipped with a charging manager 5, which communicates with the energy management system 6 of the electric vehicle 1. In this case, the charging manager 5 is designed to operate according to the CCS protocol.

[0038] Fig. Figure 3 shows a charging technology according to an embodiment of the invention. An electric vehicle 1 is connected to a CHAdeMO charging station 2 via a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter 10 and is equipped with a CCS charging interface (CCS socket 9) and an auxiliary control unit 11. The CHAdeMO-CCS adapter 10 comprises a CHAdeMO socket 10a into which the CHAdeMO plug 3 of the charging station 2 is inserted, and a CCS plug 10b, which is inserted into the CCS socket 9 of the electric vehicle 1. Within the adapter 10, the digital control signals are converted into CAN messages, which are then converted back into electrical signals by the auxiliary control unit 11 in the electric vehicle 1 and made available to the connected charging manager 5. The digital output signals of the charging manager 5 are also converted into CAN messages, which are sent by the additional control unit 11 in the electric vehicle 1 to the counterpart in the CHAdeMO CCS adapter 10.The CAN messages necessary for communication during the charging process from the charging station 2 or from the charging manager 5 of the electric vehicle 1 are forwarded unchanged to the respective counterpart by both the logic in the CHAdeMO CCS adapter 10 and in the additional control unit 11 of the electric vehicle 1.

[0039] Fig. Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the circuit design of a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter 10 according to the invention.

[0040] The left side of the circuit Fig. 4 represents the interface to the CHAdeMO charging station, i.e. the CHAdeMO socket of the adapter (10a in Fig. 3) The circles numbered one through ten represent the connections of the adapter's CHAdeMO socket (a CHAdeMO socket has ten connections, with the third connection being unused). A total of nine connections or lines are provided: two lines for power transmission (HV+, HV-), one functional protective earth (PE) line, two lines CAN-H and CAN-L for digital communication, and four additional lines CS1, CS2, CC, and CE for signaling digital status information (CS1 = Charger Start / Stop 1, CS2 = Charger Start / Stop 2, CC = Connection Check, CE = Charging Enabled / Disabled). The digital control signals from the CHAdeMO charging station are transmitted to the adapter's microcontroller via optocouplers.

[0041] The right side of the circuit Fig. 4 represents the interface to the electric vehicle 1, i.e. the CCS connector of the adapter (10b in Fig. 3) The circles labeled DC+, DC-, PE, CP, and PP represent the connections of the adapter's CCS connector. A total of five connections or lines are provided for the connection to the electric vehicle: two lines for power transmission (HV+, HV-), one PE line for the protective earth, one line for connector detection (PP, Proximity Pilot), and one additional line for signaling digital status information (CP, Control Pilot). The CP line, which is already assigned a PWM signal according to the standard, is also used for a special form of powerline communication, enabling data exchange between the charging station and the electric vehicle.

[0042] According to the exemplary circuit diagram of the Fig. 4. The high-voltage supply lines HV+ and HV- and the "functional protective earth / PE" are directly connected. The CAN messages arriving from the CHAdeMO side via the CAN-H and CAN-L connections are passed on to the vehicle side unchanged. The digital control signals of the CHAdeMO charging station (here CS1 = Charger Start / Stop 1, CS2 = Charger Start / Stop 2, CC = Connection Check, CE = Charging Enabled / Disabled) are coupled to a microcontroller 12 of the adapter via optocouplers. At fixed time intervals as well as when a change in an input signal is detected, these signal states are embedded in a CAN message to the auxiliary control unit (11 in Fig. 3) sent in electric vehicle 1. For the transmission of the CAN messages, the lines “CP - control pilot” and “PP - proximity” are “repurposed”, with “PE” as the GND potential. Two CAN-

[0043] Transceivers 14a,b (which operate, for example, according to ISO 11898-2,3) serve as an interface for sending and receiving CAN messages. The circuit is supplied with operating voltage via the CHAdeMO charging station through the CS / S-1 ("charger start / stop-1") connection, which receives 12V when the charging process starts at the charging station. A power supply 13 converts the 12V from the charging station to a voltage suitable for the microcontroller 12.

[0044] Fig. Figure 5a shows the connections of the CHAdeMO socket of an exemplary CHAdeMO CCS adapter in a top view.

[0045] Fig. Figure 5b shows the connections of the CCS connector of an exemplary CHAdeMO CCS adapter in a top view.

[0046] Fig. Figure 6 shows the structure of the CCS-CHAdeMO auxiliary control unit (11 in Fig. 3) in the electric vehicle. The HV supply voltage lines HV+ and HV- are directly connected or directly connected to the charging manager in the electric vehicle's wiring harness (5 in Fig. 3) connected. The auxiliary control unit is connected directly before the charging manager using a socket / plug combination (see Fig. 7a or Fig. 7b), which is also used in the charging manager. The additional control unit can thus be retrofitted easily and cost-effectively – without any further technical modifications to the vehicle or the wiring harness. Input side (left side in Fig. 6) The auxiliary control unit is connected to the vehicle charging socket only via the "PE", "CP", and "PP" wires. The protective earth / PE serves as the GND potential, and the BAT / IGN power supply via connection VB is provided, for example, by the electric vehicle's electrical system (e.g., terminal 30). The "CP - control pilot" and "PP - proximity" wires are connected directly to the charging manager via a disconnectable connection (not in Fig. (shown in Figure 6) and connected via a CAN transceiver 16a to the CAN CH.2 connections of the microprocessor 15 of the auxiliary control unit. If a CAN message is detected on the "CP / PP" line pair by the CAN transceiver 16a of the auxiliary control unit, the functional connection between "CP" and "PP" to the charging manager is interrupted, and communication with the external CHAdeMO CCS adapter is established. Incoming CHAdeMO CAN messages are forwarded directly to the charging manager by the central microcontroller 15. Messages relating to the state or a change in the state of the CHAdeMO digital signals trigger the activation of the corresponding optocoupler outputs OUT in the auxiliary control unit, thereby "mirroring" or "tunneling" the "state" (signals) in the external adapter into the vehicle.

[0047] Fig. Figure 7a shows a top view of the connectors of the example auxiliary control unit. The connector of the auxiliary control unit corresponds to the connector of the charging manager, so that the auxiliary control unit can be retrofitted easily and cost-effectively without any further technical modifications to the electric vehicle or the wiring harness.

[0048] Fig. Figure 7b shows a top view of the connectors of the example auxiliary control unit. The connector of the auxiliary control unit corresponds to the connector used to connect the charging socket of the electric vehicle to the charging manager, so that the auxiliary control unit can be retrofitted easily and cost-effectively without any further technical modifications to the electric vehicle or the wiring harness.

[0049] Fig. Figure 8a shows a schematic representation of the operation of a CHAdeMO-CCS adapter according to the invention. The digital signal states (Digital I / O) of a CHAdeMO charging station are embedded into a CAN message by a signal processor 18 via a multiplexer / demultiplexer 17 and transmitted to an auxiliary control unit of an electric vehicle via a CAN interface. Conversely, CAN messages with embedded digital signal states from an auxiliary control unit of an electric vehicle are read by the multiplexer / demultiplexer 17 and provided by the signal processor 18 as CHAdeMO-compliant digital signal states (Digital I / O) of the charging station.

[0050] Fig. Figure 8b shows a schematic representation of the operation of an auxiliary control unit according to the invention. The auxiliary control unit receives a CAN message with embedded digital signal states generated by a CHAdeMO CCS adapter. A multiplexer / demultiplexer 19 reads the digital signal states embedded in the CAN message, and a signal processor 20 provides these as CHAdeMO-compliant digital I / O signal states to a charging manager of an electric vehicle. Conversely, digital signal states received from a charging manager are received by the signal processor 20 and embedded into a CAN message by means of a multiplexer / demultiplexer 19 and transmitted via CAN to a CHAdeMO CCS adapter.

[0051] Fig.Figure 9 schematically shows an embodiment of a charging method in which signal states received from a CHAdeMO charging station are embedded in a CAN message and forwarded to an electric vehicle. At step 901, a circuit logic receives CHAdeMO signal states from a charging station. At step 903, it is checked whether there has been a change in the CHAdeMO signal states. If there is no change, the method continues at step 904. At step 904, it is checked whether the maximum permissible time for cyclic status transmission has already been reached.

[0052] If this is not the case, the procedure returns to step 901. If a change in the CHAdeMO signal states occurs, or if the maximum permissible duration is reached, the procedure continues with step 905. At step 905, a CAN message is generated. At step 907, the CHAdeMO signal states are embedded in the CAN message. At step 909, the CAN message with the embedded CHAdeMO signal states is sent to an auxiliary control unit of an electric vehicle's charging manager. In this way, the CHAdeMO signal states are transmitted cyclically and at least whenever a change in the CHAdeMO signal states occurs. Reference symbol list 1 electric vehicle 2 CHAdeMO charging stations 3 CHAdeMO connectors of the charging station 4 CHAdeMO sockets of the electric vehicle 5 Load Manager 6 Energy Management 7 CCS charging stations 8 CCS connectors of the charging station 9 CCS sockets of the electric vehicle 10 CHAdeMO-CCS adapters 10a CHAdeMO socket of the adapter 10b CCS connector of the adapter 11 Additional control unit 12 microcontrollers of the adapter 13 Power supply 14a,b CAN transceiver of the adapter 15 microcontrollers of the auxiliary control unit 16a, b CAN transceiver of the auxiliary control unit 17 multiplexer / demultiplexer (adapter) 18 Signal processing (adapter) 19 Multiplexer / Demultiplexer (Additional Control Unit) 20 Signal processing (additional control unit) HV+ Energy transmission + HV power transmission - CAN-H digital communication + CAN-L digital communication - C-SS-1 Charger Start / Stop 1 C-SS-2 Charger Start / Stop 2 CC Connection Check CE / D Charging Enabled / Disabled PE Protective Earth (“functional” protective earth) PP Proximity Pilot (“plug detection”) CP Control Pilot (signaling of digital status information)

Claims

[1] Adapter with an input-side CHAdeMO socket (10a) for receiving a charging station plug (3) of a CHAdeMO charging station (2), an output-side CCS plug (10b) for connection to an electric vehicle (1), and an electronic circuit logic which is designed to embed incoming signal states via the CHAdeMO socket (10a) in a CAN message and to provide them as an output signal. [2] Adapter according to claim 1, wherein the circuit logic is designed to forward a CAN message occurring during communication during a charging process from the CHAdeMO charging station (2) or from a charging manager (5) of the electric vehicle (1) unchanged to the respective counterpart. [3] Adapter according to one of claims 1 or 2, which is designed to send the CAN message to an additional control unit (11) connected upstream of a charging manager (5) in the electric vehicle (1). [4] Adapter according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the CCS lines Control Pilot (CP) and Proximity Pilot (PP) are used as CAN-HIGH and CAN-LOW for transmitting the CAN message to an electric vehicle (1), and / or in which the HV supply voltage lines (HV+, HV-) are directly connected through in the adapter, and / or in which the functional protective earth (PE) is connected through and is used as GND potential for communication. [5] Additional control unit designed to be connected between a CCS charging socket (9) of an electric vehicle (1) and a charging manager (5) of the electric vehicle (1), wherein the additional control unit (11) has circuit logic designed to convert a CAN message received from circuit logic of a CHAdeMO CCS adapter (10) into electrical signals and to provide them to the charging manager (5) of the electric vehicle (1). [6] Additional control unit according to claim 5, wherein the circuit logic is designed to convert the digital output signals of the charging manager (5) into CAN messages and to send them to a circuit logic of the CHAdeMO CCS adapter (10). [7] Additional control unit according to one of claims 5 or 6, in which the circuit logic is designed to forward a CAN message occurring during communication during a charging process from a CHAdeMO charging station (2) or from the charging manager (5) of the electric vehicle (1) unchanged to the respective counterpart. [8] Additional control unit according to one of claims 5 to 7, which is designed to be connected to the CCS charging socket (9) of the electric vehicle (1) via the cable harness using the functional protective earth (PE), control pilot (CP) and proximity pilot (PP) lines. [9] Charging system, comprising an adapter (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, and an additional control unit (11) according to one of claims 5 to 8 connected in an electric vehicle (1) upstream of a charging manager (5), wherein the circuit logic of the additional control unit (11) is designed to convert a CAN message received by the circuit logic of the adapter (10) into electrical signals and to provide them to the charging manager (5) of the electric vehicle (1). [10] Charging method using the charging system according to claim 9, wherein signal states received from a CHAdeMO charging station are embedded in a CAN message and forwarded to an electric vehicle (1) embedded in the CAN message.

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