Easy-to-handle refining of biochar in a shredding device with high sustainability of utilization in animal feed

Abstract

The invention relates to an easily manageable comminution device for refining biochar, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill comprises a grinding container, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same, a part of the bottom of the grinding container is connected to a second ball mill via a line, the second ball mill comprises a grinding container, a drive unit and a separating device, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

Description

The invention relates to a comminution device for refining, preferably pulverizing, a vegetable coal, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill for producing vegetable coal particles comprises a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and a grinding container having an outlet and having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container having a base and a grinding container wall, on which base the grinding container wall is formed, a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the vegetable coal particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, and the outlet has a screen as a separating device for separating the treated vegetable coal from residues, wherein the second ball mill comprises the inlet for feeding a grinding container with the treated vegetable coal from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container having a bottom and a grinding container wall, The grinding container wall is formed on the bottom and the outlet of the second ball mill has a screen as a separating device for classifying the treated vegetable coal and vegetable coal powder.There are high requirements in livestock management for feed in order to keep available as high a nutritional value as possible, so that in livestock management the livestock in use, such as cattle, e.g. high-performance cattle, horses, sheep, goats, can be provided extensively with regard to the administration of nutrients, such as proteins, amino acids, cellulose, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, etc. It is precisely the availability of nutrients which is very important in animal feeds, since the organism of the livestock can only obtain the desired requirements, such as milk and meat production, in the presence of these nutrients. Thus, it has been shown that, for example, the amino acids are made available to the bovine organism in different amounts as building blocks of proteins in animal feeds. The amount of amino acids available from the feeds can optionally be increased by additives, since these can facilitate the digestion of the feeds in the digestive tract.Thus, it is also known that the fat-soluble vitamins are provided to the organism from the animal feed only in the presence of fats, carotene, etc. The nutrients from the feeds digested in the digestive tract by means of bacteria, enzymes, etc. are further processed in the organism. The digestive tract flora of bacteria is moreover essential for the absorption of nutrients from the feed after its work-up in the digestive tract of the livestock. For this reason, livestock agriculture strives to add additives to the feed in order to facilitate work-up, such as digestion, of the feed in the digestive tract of the livestock and to deliver the feeds to the organism of the livestock as extensively as possible with all the substances available to them.In the past it has been observed that for stabilizing the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of the livestock, in particular in cattle, the addition of liquid with charcoal-containing substances does indeed lead to a, albeit insufficient, stabilization of the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of the livestock. The stabilization of the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of the livestock is however only negligibly small.Therefore, there has been a desire to change the composition of substances such as charcoal-containing substances in hopes of promoting enzymatic processes due to bacteria, endogenous enzymes, etc. in the digestive tract of livestock, although without success.The object of the invention is to provide the abovementioned process. To Eliminate Disadvantages of the Prior Art.It is therefore a further object of the invention to provide such an additive in such a way that the additive assists the digestion of feed into the nutrients, such as cellulose, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc., from the feed.Furthermore, it is the object of the invention to provide an additive such that the additive also supports and promotes the work-up, such as the degradation, of the nutrients digested from the feed, such as cellulose, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc.In addition, the additive is intended to facilitate or promote the uptake of the nutrients worked up in this way from the digestive tract into the organism of the livestock animal.Variously, charcoal charred from wood as an additive has also been incorporated into the feed, but very little effect of this additive has been shown on the digestion of the feed and the administration of feed mixed with the conventional additive in such a manner that this type of additive is considered to be less promising.The methods known in the prior art for comminution of vegetable coal carbonized from wood do indeed provide comminuted vegetable coal which, however, did not lead to effective support of the digestion of the feeds in the digestive tract of the livestock.It is therefore also an object of the invention to process and thus improve an additive, such as vegetable coal, which is capable of not only facilitating the feed and its processing in the digestive tract of livestock, but also as comprehensively as possible, i.e. quantitatively, transferring the nutrients contained in the feed to the organism.Thus, the vegetable coal produced by conventional methods was comminuted by conventional drum mills such as ball mills. The conventional ball mills have as grinding bodies rods of polygonal cross-section which are located in the rotating drum body which has a polygonal cross-sectional shape geometrically similar to the grinding body cross-section, preferably hexagonal. The vegetable coal produced with this ball mill remains ineffective with regard to the work-up of feed in the digestive tract of the livestock.The vegetable coal provided with the aid of the drum mill disclosed in DE 290 409 A also uses a ball mill which consists of a drum which accommodates the vegetable coal and at least one beater which is loosely located therein and takes up virtually the entire length of the drum and is alternately raised during the rotation of the drum and falls back onto the material by its own weight, so that the comminution drum provided with a smooth inner wall produced comminuted vegetable coal of three- or four-sided cross section and is already of different shape externally. The vegetable coal produced with this ball mill is ineffective with regard to the work-up of feed in the digestive tract of the livestock.The comminution device disclosed in EP 3 057 710 B1 likewise comprises a ball mill which consists of a grinding chamber which is set in rotation and in which the grinding material is comminuted by grinding bodies. The conventional ball mill has a grinding container which is formed from an approximately circular cylindrical wall mounted so as to be horizontally rotatable and is charged with the charcoal to be treated through a central opening in one of the end walls of the grinding container, the so-called grinding material inlet. The vegetable coal produced with this ball mill is without effect on the work-up of feed in the digestive tract of the livestock.In addition, EP 0 290 840 A2 describes a split ball mill having a mill housing and a rotationally symmetrical grinding space unit, in which a rotor shaft connected to a rotary drive extends through the grinding space unit, said rotor shaft having at least one replaceable rotor disk which forms a grinding gap with two starter disks in the grinding space unit; the pieces of charcoal comminuted with the conventional split ball mill did not lead to any effect in the digestive tract of the livestock after admixture in feed.It is therefore also an object of the invention to refine the vegetable coal in such a way that as many possible possible actions on the ground material are provided in the ball mill to be provided and in the method to be provided, in order to achieve thorough and uniform comminution and dispersion of the vegetable coal in order to increase the physiological action.Thus, DE 29 32 783 also uses an agitator ball mill fine grinding, dispersing, homogenization and emulsification with monitoring of a wide variety of operating parameters, such as temperature, conveying pressure, throughput quantity, volume of the grinding container, etc., in order to keep homogeneous vegetable coal of uniform size and quality ready; the vegetable coal comminuted by means of this agitator ball mill also showed no effect as additives in animal feeds.EP 0 441 995 A1 discloses a vibratory crushing and grinding device intended to ensure the stepwise crushing and grinding of materials, in which the particle size of the (preliminary) products in the individual grinding stages and the particle size of the end product are intended to be adjusted. The conventional vibration crushing and grinding apparatus comprises a vertically disposed cylindrical casing having vibrators disposed on outer sides thereof, which casing is divided into two working chambers disposed one on top of the other. In the working chambers there are freely movable grinding bodies. The bases of the working chambers are designed as grids, so that the grids each consist of an immovable perforated disk fastened to the housing and a freely movable perforated disk arranged on the latter. In the lower region of the housing, a discharge section is arranged which surrounds a part of the lower chamber. Although the conventional teaching enables a stepwise progress of the grinding process and intensification of the grinding process in each stage as working chambers, the conventional teaching obviously indicates that the ball milled material exerts an unfavorable effect on the grid holes of the grids between the two working chambers because they roll out, because the dimensions of the grid holes and those of the pores increase due to the rolling out of the grid holes of the grids, i.e. of the pores of the outer perforated disks, so that the wear due to abrasion is substantially accelerated. Therefore, it is desired to provide a crushing apparatus for refining vegetable coal into vegetable coal powder, which does not have such abrasion and wear.DE 20 2016 007 348 U1 describes an independently controllable plant for the continuous production of vegetable coal, which, however, cannot provide such a vegetable coal powder which is of permanent quality and quality, namely in the form and size of a predetermined type. In AT 23 282 B, no reference is made to the production of vegetable coal powder of particular size and shape, so that the person skilled in the art is not provided with any aid for providing such a vegetable coal powder of particular size and shape.It is also an object of the invention to provide homogeneous vegetable coal which has a shape of size and composition such that it is particularly suitable as an additive in animal feeds.It is likewise an object of the invention to provide the vegetable coal in a composition of this kind which can be produced easily and reliably leads to mutually matching upgraded vegetable coal.The process for the production of the vegetable coal is likewise intended to lead inexpensively to repeatable results without the need for continuous control of the end products provided by the process.The objects are achieved by the main claim and the dependent claim. The dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments and further development of the invention.The invention relates to an easily manageable comminution device for refining, preferably pulverizing, a vegetable coal, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill for producing vegetable coal particles comprises a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, on which base the grinding container wall is formed, a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the vegetable coal particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, and the outlet has a screen as a separating device for separating the treated vegetable coal from residues, wherein the second ball mill comprises the inlet for feeding a grinding container with the treated vegetable coal from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet and having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is integrally formed on the bottom, and the outlet of the second ball mill has a screen as a separating device for classifying the treated vegetable coal, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the first ball mill facing the grinding space is designed to be outwardly curved in the form of a part circle; the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the second ball mill facing the grinding space is designed to be outwardly curved in the form of a part circle, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm, the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 cm to 2.8 cm, the pores of the screen of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are designed to be circular and have a clear width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm, even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.The invention further relates to vegetable coal powder produced with the aid of the easily manageable comminution device according to the invention for refining, such as pulverization, vegetable coal.A plant coal pulverization plant for producing and refining, such as pulverization, plant coal to produce plant coal powder, which comprises a plant for producing plant coal from biomass particles in a bed as a moving bed, having a shaft reactor with a shaft reactor jacket comprising a top end and a bottom end for receiving the plant coal and a collecting device, and a comminution device connected to the collecting device of the plant, wherein the plant comprises at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying the air into the shaft reactor, the top end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the bottom end of the shaft reactor has an outlet opening, a central section is located between the top end and the bottom end, a grid in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor having the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device having an air conduit and an outer tube, the outer tube receiving an upper end of the air conduit, the outer tube being movably connected to the air conduit, the air conduit being connected to an air outer tube via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device being arranged in the region of the base end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device having a continuously tiltable bed for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the bed with biomass particles, the bed being designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the pouring in the region around the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring is controlled by the air-flow and zone by the aeration metering device, the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis of the shaft reactor, a collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for quenching the vegetable coal moved out of the discharge opening of the shaft reactor, the collecting device being connected to the comminution device according to the invention for transporting the vegetable coal into the comminution device which comprises two ball mills, the first ball mill for producing vegetable coal particles comprises a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and an outlet having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the base, a part of the base of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the vegetable coal particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, and the outlet has a screen as a separating device for separating the treated vegetable coal from residues, wherein the second ball mill comprises the inlet for charging a grinding container with the treated vegetable coal from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, on the base the grinding container wall is formed, and the outlet of the second ball mill has a screen as separating device for classifying the treated vegetable coal, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the first ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved in part-circle shape in cross section outwards; the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the second ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved outwards in cross section and to be part-circular, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8, the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 to 2.8 cm, the pores of the screen of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are designed to be circular and have a clear width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm, even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.Vegetable coal powder produced with the vegetable coal pulverization plant or the comminution device according to the invention can be used as an additive in feeds of farm animals, such as ruminants and pigs, in particular for promoting digestion in ruminants and pigs, for example for assisting the digestion of the feed in the digestive tract, in individual feeds, in mixed feeds, for mixing into liquids to be applied in farm animals, for example for stabilizing digestive tract of the farm animals which is afflicted by disease.Vegetable coal powder, producible or produced with vegetable coal from biomass particles, e.g. by means of the vegetable coal pulverization plant, which comprises a plant and the comminution device according to the invention, which provides vegetable coal with the aid of the plant in a bed as a moving bed with a shaft reactor having a shaft reactor shell comprising a top end and a base end for receiving the vegetable coal, at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying the air into the shaft reactor, the top end of the shaft reactor having an inlet opening and the base end of the shaft reactor having a discharge opening, a central section being located between the top end and the base end, a grid in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor having the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device having an air conduit and an outer tube, the outer tube receiving an upper end of the air conduit, the outer tube being movably connected to the air conduit, the air conduit being arranged with an air outer tube via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device being arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device having a continuously tiltable bed for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the bed with biomass particles, the bed being designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical pivot axis, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the pouring material in the region about the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring material is controlled by the air quantity and zone by the aeration metering device, the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis of the shaft reactor, a collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for quenching the vegetable coal moved out of the discharge opening of the shaft reactor, the collecting device being connected to the comminution device for transporting the vegetable coal into the comminution device, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill for producing vegetable coal particles comprises a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and an outlet having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the base, a part of the base of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the vegetable coal particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, and the outlet has a screen as a separating device for separating the treated vegetable coal from residues, wherein, wherein the second ball mill comprises the inlet for charging a grinding container with the treated vegetable coal from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, on the base the grinding container wall is formed, and the outlet of the second ball mill has a screen as separating device for classifying the treated vegetable coal, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the first ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved in part-circle shape in cross section outwards; the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the second ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved outwards in cross section and to be part-circular, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm, the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 to 2.8, the pores of the screen of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are designed to be circular and have a clear width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm, even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.The vegetable coal produced with an environmentally friendly independently controllable plant for the continuous production of vegetable coal from biomass particles can be used in the comminution device according to the invention for pulverizing the same, wherein the environmentally friendly independently controllable plant has a bed as a moving bed in a shaft reactor and comprises a shaft reactor shell comprising a top end and a base end for receiving the vegetable coal, at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying the air into the shaft reactor, the top end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the base end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the top end and the base end, a grid in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor having the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device having an air line tube and an outer tube, the outer tube receiving an upper end of the air line tube, the outer tube being movably connected to the air line tube, the air line tube being connected to an air outer tube via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device being arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device having a continuously tiltable bed for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the bed with biomass particles, the bed being designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the pouring in the region about the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring by the aeration metering device is controlled in terms of quantity and zone, wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.The crushing apparatus of the present invention is suitable for producing vegetable coal powder having a uniform powder particle size and a uniform powder particle shape without being affected by residues having different sizes and shapes from vegetable coal. The invention also relates to the use of the vegetable coal pulverization plant for producing vegetable coal powder having a uniform powder particle size and a uniform powder particle shape without being affected by residues of different size and shape from biomass particles.The vegetable coal according to the invention is refined in a comminution device according to the invention. In the context of the invention, refining is also understood to mean pulverizing, grinding and / or crushing the vegetable coal with the provision of vegetable coal powder from vegetable coal having a uniform powder particle size and a uniform powder particle shape without being affected by residues of different sizes and shapes, wherein the vegetable coal powder is also distinguished by the, in particular largely, uniform diameter of its particles and the, in particular largely, uniform shape or shape of its particles.In the context of the invention, charging the bed with the biomass particles, such as plant particles, wood particles or the like, is also understood to mean the filling of the shaft reactor of the plant at a predetermined height with the biomass particles, such as plant particles, such as wood particles, and / or the pouring of biomass particles onto the surfaces of predetermined zones, e.g. the central zone or the outer zone, the bed, or of sub-regions of the central zone and / or outer zone, in particular at a predetermined height.Wood is also understood in the context of the invention to mean other feedstocks, such as wood derivatives, waste wood products, by-products of wood, piece lignin, shaped bodies made of biomass. Wood particles in the context of the invention are also understood to mean piece-like wood of the most varied size and shape, other starting materials, such as wood derivatives, waste wood products, by-products of wood, piece-like lignin, shaped bodies made of biomass.Classification in the sense of the invention is also understood to mean the classification and / or separation of, for example, vegetable coal according to size and / or shape, so that even uncarbonized or partially coaled residues or biomass particles can be separated on the basis of their size and / or shape. Classification in the sense of the invention is also understood to mean the classification and / or separation of vegetable coal powder according to size and / or shape.Biomass particles in the sense of the invention are also understood to mean comminuted lump biomass provided for carbonization, lump wood of various sizes and shapes, other feed materials such as wood derivatives, waste wood products, by-products of wood, lump lignin, shaped bodies of biomass, lump parts or the like. In the following, for the sake of simplicity, vegetable coal particles can also be used for carbonized biomass particles.For the purposes of the invention, "vegetable coal" is also understood to mean carbonized biomass, such as carbonized biomass particles, for example carbonized vegetable substances, for example carbonized wood, carbonized pieces of manure or mist pieces, or the like.Within the meaning of the invention, vegetable coal particles are also understood to mean comminuted vegetable coal, such as charcoal and the like. Within the meaning of the invention, charcoal is also understood to mean lump charcoal, etc. Within the meaning of the invention, charcoal and carbonized wood particles are also understood to mean the carbonized wood-like substances mentioned in legal regulations.The vegetable coal according to the invention is refined in a comminution device which comprises two ball mills. The first ball mill, in an upper region of the grinding container facing away from the base, has an inlet for charging a grinding chamber of a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal.For the purposes of the invention, a first grinding material is also understood to mean vegetable coal which is produced by means of conventional methods and / or by means of the environmentally friendly independently controllable plant for the continuous production of vegetable coal from biomass particles and can be fed or is fed to the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention.For the purposes of the invention, a second grinding material is also understood to mean vegetable coal particles which are produced from vegetable coal by the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention and can be fed or are fed to the second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention for producing vegetable coal powder.The grinding container of the comminution device according to the invention also has an outlet, a drive unit and a separating device, wherein the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same in order to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container. The grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, wherein the grinding container wall is formed on the base and preferably the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding space is arched outwards in cross section, preferably designed partly circular, e.g. semicircular. A part of the bottom of the grinding container is formed as an outlet for conveying the treated vegetable coal via a line connected to the outlet and connected to the inlet of a second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention. The outlet can have a screen as a separating device for separating the treated, such as comminuted, vegetable coal from residues, such as foreign substances, for example wood particles.The grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm, preferably 2.0 to 2.5 or 2.1 to 2.4 cm, more preferably 2.0 cm or 2.1 or 2.3 cm, most preferably 1.6 to 1.8 cm.Useful volume in the context of the invention is understood to mean the volume based on the preferably outer region of the grinding container of the first ball mill, in which preferably outer region the bed with the grinding balls and the vegetable coal is located for treatment, such as grinding, comminution, of the same. The useful volume of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill can be 200 L to 1000 L, preferably 250 L to 800 L or 300 L to 680 L, even more preferably 325 L to 623 L. In a particular configuration of the grinding container of the first ball mill, the region can also be located in the interior thereof. The useful volume of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill can also be 400 L to 700 L, preferably 500 L to 650 L, preferably 325 L, 550 L, 600 L or 650 L. Useful volume in the context of the invention is also understood to mean the volume of the, preferably outer, region up to the upper edge of the grinding container of the first ball mill, such that the latter is filled with grinding balls up to the upper edge or is filled up to a distance from the upper edge of the outer region of the grinding container of the first ball mill which may correspond to twice to five times, preferably three times to four times, such as 1.5 times or 2.0 times or 2.5 times or 3.5 times or 4 times, the diameter of the grinding balls of the first ball mill.In one embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the pores of the sieve of the first ball mill match one another and / or are of elongate configuration. In a further embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the apertures of the sieve of the first ball mill have an internal width, in particular the gap width, of 1.0 to 4.0 mm, 1.5 to 3.0, more preferably 1.5 to 1.9 mm, or 1.0 mm or 1.5 or 1.8 mm; the apertures of the sieve of the first ball mill have an internal width or the gap length of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, 1.5 to 4.5 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 4.0 mm or 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm, or 3.0 mm or 4.0 mm. The duration of comminution of the vegetable coal to vegetable coal particles in the first ball mill can be between 30 min to 120 min, preferably 35 min to 60 min, more preferably 30 min or 45 min.The plant coal pulverization plant for production and refining, such as grinding, of plant coal to plant coal powder also includes various steps, such as separation, comminution and / or grinding of plant coal from a gasification or pyrolysis process, as may be performed in the plant, to plant coal powder.The end product produced with the aid of the plant, such as vegetable coal, after a gasification or pyrolysis process can have a non-uniform size division and often still contain uncarbonized or insufficiently carbonized input material from this gasification or pyrolysis process. In the further processing for refining the vegetable coal, it is often necessary to have a uniform size division and to free the vegetable coal to the greatest possible extent of uncarbonized or insufficiently carbonized material. In the method and in the vegetable coal pulverization plant and the crushing apparatus according to the invention, this is advantageously achieved.The first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention has a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and an outlet and having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit being coupled to the grinding container for driving the same in order to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container having a base and a grinding container wall, on the base of which the grinding container wall is formed. The grinding container, also called a processing or oscillating container, is supported on a spring pack by a stand. The grinding container, e.g. designed as a shaped, circularly encircling trough with or helical, receives the grinding balls, for example steel balls, and the vegetable coal produced by the plant after the gasification or pyrolysis process, which can be present with non-uniform size division and the input material of the gasification or pyrolysis process, which is often still uncarbonized or insufficiently carbonized therein.In one embodiment, a conventional imbalance or oscillating drive coupled to the grinding container as a drive unit sets the latter into an elliptically circular movement with the accommodated bed of grinding balls and the vegetable coal. Due to the brittle property of the carbon structure of the vegetable coal, the latter is crushed, comminuted and / or ground by the movement of the bed. The comminuted vegetable coal can then be discharged from the grinding container classified by the separating device, also called discharge device.A part of the bottom of the grinding container of the first ball mill is formed as an outlet for conveying the treated vegetable coal particles to an inlet of a second ball mill via a line connected to the outlet. The outlet may comprise a screen as a separator for separating the treated vegetable coal particles from unchanged residues such as foreign matter, e.g. pieces of wood. The sieve is advantageously likewise suitable for classifying the vegetable coal particles, so that only vegetable coal particles of predetermined size and / or shape are passed on; the other vegetable coal particles remain in the grinding container for further grinding until the predetermined size and / or shape is reached.In addition, controlled by a weighing system or a time control, the vegetable coal from the plant can be fed into the grinding container of the first ball mill by means of a metering device with vegetable coal from the plant and / or subsequently metered.During the grinding in the first ball mill, more and more uncarburized residues from the production of vegetable coal accumulate. The accumulation of uncarburized residues occurs because their structure is not carbonized or is only insufficiently carbonized and is therefore not brittle, is thus not comminuted from the moving bed, and cannot be discharged to the second ball mill via the outlet with the separating device. In order to lock uncarbonized residues or input material from the plant coal production from the grinding container, a switch or flap is immersed in the bulk material in a time- or weight-controlled manner. The bulk material can thereby be passed to a screening device arranged in or outside the grinding container. The screening device is designed such that the bulk material is guided on top of the screening device and then falls back into the grinding container. The uncarburized residues from the plant coal production fall through the screening device and are fed to a discharge and discharged.The vegetable coal refined, i.e. comminuted, by means of the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention to vegetable coal particles has a shape and size such that they are transported into the grinding container of the second ball mill through the screen of the separating device of the first ball mill, via the line connected to the outlet and via the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill connected to the line. The transport can be provided, for example, by means of a pump; likewise, the first ball mill can be arranged above the second ball mill, so that the vegetable coal comminuted to vegetable coal particles reaches the grinding space of the second ball mill in a simple manner on account of its own weight.In one embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the second ball mill has the inlet for charging its grinding container with vegetable coal particles as comminuted vegetable coal, as so-called second grinding material, from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet and having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device. Like the first ball mill, the drive unit of the second ball mill is coupled to the grinding container in a conventional manner for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container. The grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, which is formed on the base of the grinding container wall; the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is preferably arched outwards in cross section, such as is configured in a part circle, e.g. semicircular.The outlet can have a screen as a separating device for classifying the particles of vegetable coal from the vegetable coal to vegetable coal powder with the aid of the second ball mill; the pores of the screen of the second ball mill correspond to one another and are of circular design; they have a clear width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.05 to 4.0 or 0.3 mm or 0.5 or 1.5 mm or 2.0 or 2.5 mm. The grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 to 2.8, preferably 20 1.2 cm to 2.5 cm or 0.8 cm to 2.0 cm or 1.0 cm to 1.8 cm, more preferably 1.6 to 1.8 cm, 1.6 cm or 1.7 cm or 1.8 cm.Useful volume in the context of the invention is understood to mean the volume based on the preferably outer region of the grinding container of the second ball mill, in which region the bed with grinding balls and the vegetable coal particles is located for pulverizing the same. The useful volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill can be 100 L to 500 L, preferably 150 L to 400 L, even more preferably 200 L to 350 L or 250 L to 300 L, or 100 L or 250 L or 300 L. The useful volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill can also be 50 L to 300 L, preferably 80 L to 250 L, preferably 100 L, 150 L, or 200 L. In a special embodiment of the grinding container of the second ball mill, the region can also be located in the interior of the latter. Useful volume in the context of the invention is also understood to mean the volume of the, preferably outer, region up to the upper edge of the grinding container of the second ball mill, such that the latter is filled with grinding balls up to the upper edge or is filled up to a distance from the upper edge of the, preferably outer, region of the grinding container of the second ball mill which may correspond to twice to five times, preferably three times to four times, such as 1.0 times or 1.5 times or 2.0 times or 3.0 times or 3.5 times or 4 times, the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill.The vegetable coal powder produced from vegetable coal particles with the aid of the second ball mill has, for example, a powder particle size of less than 5 mm, such as less than 1 mm, e.g. 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm or 0.3 to 0.5 mm, or 0.8 mm or 0.5 or 0.3 mm. The duration of comminution of the vegetable coal particles to vegetable coal powder in the second ball mill can be between 20 min to 120 min, preferably 25 min to 90 min or 30 min to 75 min, even more preferably 30 min or 45 min or 75 min.The grinding containers of the two ball mills are advantageously mounted movably and eccentrically, for example, in racks, and are coupled to the drive units in a conventional manner, for example by means of gears, and are driven in such a way that the grinding balls in the grinding containers are set into oscillations and their movements, for example as back-to-back movements, circular movements, etc., can be superimposed.Advantages of the first ball mill of the crushing apparatus and the pulverizing apparatus of the present invention:It has been found that both in the first ball mill and in the second ball mill, on account of the configuration of the grinding balls of the first ball mill with the above-mentioned advantageous diameter and the grinding balls of the second ball mill with the above-mentioned advantageous diameter, such a kinetic energy is generated by the grinding balls as a result of their density in the grinding chamber that, for example, in the first ball mill, although the vegetable coal as the first grinding material is comminuted to vegetable coal particles, on the other hand the wood particles likewise contained with the first grinding material are not comminuted as residues.Only the pulverization of the vegetable coal particles as the second milled material following the comminution of the vegetable coal as the first milled material in the second ball mill under their preferred conditions provides vegetable coal powder which surprisingly exhibits the following properties. This method also has properties which lead to the advantages, for example as an addition of animal food, etc.It is found that the grinding effects in the first ball mill, which contribute or bring about the comminution of the vegetable coal to be comminuted, by the balance of the impact of the grinding balls on the vegetable coal to be treated as the first grinding material, by the total contact surface between the first grinding material and grinding balls, or between the first grinding material and the inner wall of the grinding container, by the relative movements between the first grinding material to be comminuted and the grinding balls or the inner wall of the grinding container and by the pressure which is generated between the mutually contacting surfaces of the first grinding material and the grinding balls or the inner wall of the grinding container, contributes or brings about the comminution of the vegetable coal to a matching or largely matching size and shape.Likewise, in the first ball mill, the frequency of stressing the first grinding material by contacts with the grinding balls or by impact of the grinding balls on the grinding material assists in comminution of the vegetable coal to vegetable coal powder of uniform size and shape.The skillful interaction of these various aforementioned parameters is likewise advantageously achieved if the grinding container of the first ball mill contains grinding balls with the above-mentioned. The diameter of the working volume of the preferably outer region of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill, in particular the ratio of working volume and grinding ball volume. The ratio of the useful volume of the grinding chamber or of the, preferably outer, region of the first ball mill to the useful volume of the, preferably outer, region of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill is also essential to the invention and can be 1.6 to 3.5, preferably 1.63 to 1.78, even more preferably 1.67 to 1.8 or 2.5 to 3.2.The occurrence of these physical parameters and their skillful interaction with one another first makes it possible for the first ground material to be treated, i.e. the vegetable coal, to be comminuted in the first ball mill, but for the undesired residues, such as wood parts, to remain untreated during operation of the first ball mill on account of their greater material hardness compared to the vegetable coal. The kinetic energy of the grinding tools, here grinding balls, generated in the first ball mill is consequently not sufficient to break the wood particles too in order to break them up. The wood particles which have not been comminuted despite the occurrence of impact and shear forces remain in the grinding container of the first ball mill as a result of separation by means of the separating device and can be discharged from the grinding container of the first ball mill separately from the vegetable coal particles.The grinding action in the first ball mill thus results in sufficient crushing of the vegetable coal as vegetable coal particles having such a size and shape that the inside width of the screen of the separator provided at the outlet of the grinding container of the first ball mill can pass.The vegetable coal particles which have not yet been comminuted to such a size and / or shape predetermined by means of the separating device also remain, so that their passage through the screen of the separating device of the grinding container of the first ball mill is not possible, for such a time period in the grinding container of the first ball mill until their comminution to the predetermined size and / or shape also occurs.It has been found that the parameters occurring in the first ball mill produce a kinetic energy which leads to a deformation in the contact region between the grinding balls or between the grinding balls and the inner wall of the grinding container on the one hand and the vegetable coals to be comminuted on the other hand, which ultimately leads to the fracture of the vegetable coal to particles. It has been found here that for the comminution, the required energy input into the volume to be comminuted is advantageous as mechanical work which has to be expended until the fracture is reached.In addition, it is found to be surprising that the vegetable coal must be subjected to a two-fold treatment, first of all to the first ball mill and then to the second ball mill, to be distinguished by its properties and their advantages which are evident therefrom, for example in terms of its use or utilization; first of all, the grinding balls of the first ball mill having a predetermined diameter have to break up the vegetable coal and then, after the interruption by feeding the vegetable coal particles into the second ball mill, the grinding balls of the second ball mill having a predetermined diameter, optionally a predetermined period of time, have to pulverize the vegetable coal particles to vegetable coal powder.The second ball mill feeds the second grinding material to be treated, the vegetable coal particles, into the grinding chamber thereof via the outlet of the grinding container of the first ball mill and via the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill. In the second ball mill, such a kinetic energy is likewise generated, inter alia, by the grinding balls of predetermined diameter, time duration and by the usable volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill, optionally the ratio of usable volume to volume of the grinding balls of the second ball mill, that the vegetable coal particles introduced into the grinding chamber of the grinding container of the second ball mill from the interior of the grinding container of the first ball mill are pulverized to a uniform size and shape.The plant connected to the comminution device according to the invention can produce vegetable coal from a biomass particles in a bed as a moving bed with a shaft reactor; the plant comprises a top end and a base end comprise the shaft reactor jacket for receiving the vegetable coal, at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for feeding the air into the shaft reactor, wherein the top end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the base end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central portion is located between the top end and the base end, a grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central portion of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air conduit and an outer tube, the outer tube accommodates an upper end of the air conduit, the outer tube is movably connected to the air conduit, the air conduit is connected to an air outer tube, via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device has a continuously tiltable chute for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the chute with biomass particles, the chute is designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the pouring in the region about the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring by the aeration metering device is controlled in terms of quantity and zone, wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.A collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for quenching the vegetable coal moved from the discharge opening of the shaft reactor; the collecting device is connected to the inlet of the comminution device for charging the grinding container of the first ball mill of the comminution device for transporting the vegetable coal from the plant into the comminution device, for example by means of a transport device, such as a conveyor belt, a transport worm, a bucket elevator or a scraper chain conveyor.In addition, for uniform radial temperature management and avoidance of hot spots, also called hot spots, in the bed during carbonization, the charging of the bed with biomass particles by the particle conveying device is controlled in quantity, zone and height and the discharge of process gases is controlled in a compressed gas controlled manner by a process gas control device arranged in a process gas line outgoing from the head end for the forwarding of the gases. Furthermore, the aeration metering device is arranged below the grid and a particle counting device for determining the number and / or size of the vegetable coal is arranged below the grid; for the purpose of controlling the temperature in the bed, the extent of the inclination of the bed and the rotation of the bed device and / or the extent of the loading of the bed with the biomass in relation to the amount and surface distribution thereof are controlled by means of measurement devices. The outer tube can also be displaced longitudinally with respect to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor and / or the air duct can be displaced transversely and / or longitudinally with respect to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor. A post-carbonizing zone can also be arranged on the particle counting device located in the discharge opening of the shaft reactor at the discharge opening as a measuring device, preferably a cellular wheel sluice, for determining the duration of the post-carbonizing, the number of vegetable coal passing through the discharge opening and [or for determining the amount of quenching water. The collecting device for quenching the vegetable coal that has passed from the post-carbonizing zone can be arranged on the post-carbonizing zone, wherein the collecting device can in turn be connected to the inlet of the comminution device for charging the grinding container of the first ball mill of the comminution device for transporting the vegetable coal from the plant into the comminution device, for example by means of a transport device such as a conveyor belt, a transport worm, a bucket elevator, or a scraper chain conveyor.The aeration dosing device feeds the air to the grid in a controlled manner, for example that predetermined region of the grid which can be located below or below a region of the bed at a temperature which temperature is to be changed in accordance with the above-mentioned parameters. The aeration metering device can have an air conduit tube, preferably extending along the central longitudinal axis A, and an outer tube with the air outlet, wherein the outer tube receives an upper end of the air conduit tube and is movably connected to the air conduit tube, preferably a lower end of the air conduit tube has a further opening, the air conduit tube is connected to an air outer tube, via which air is supplied from the outside, preferably the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end, preferably in the, preferably tightly closable, introduction opening, which comprises a pouring device for controlled charging of the bulk with biomass particles, such as wood particles, e.g. the pouring device has a shaking grid for uniform distribution of the biomass particles on the bulk, and / or a distributor plate or a chute for controlled loading of the surface of the bed with biomass particles, in particular the distributor plate is rotatably mounted about a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft, preferably the length and / or the inclination of the distributor plate can be varied.A method can produce the vegetable coal to be pulverized in the comminution device, wherein the vegetable coal is provided with the aid of an environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of vegetable coal from biomass particles in a bed as moving bed in a shaft reactor made of biomass, preferably made of biomass particles such as wood, through which air flows in countercurrent to the vegetable coal or biomass particles, so that the temperatures in the bed, preferably at least in a central zone and / or in an outer zone thereof, of the volume flow of the process gases escaping from the bed in the process gas line connected to the top end of the shaft reactor are provided continuously in the plant, measuring the height of the bed in the shaft reactor and, according to the temperatures and / or the volume flow and / or the height of the bed, feeding the air to the bed via the aeration metering device and the biomass particles to the bed via the particle conveying device, withdrawing the process gases via the process gas control device and feeding the vegetable coal from the plant to the comminution device.Advantages of the second ball mill of the crushing apparatus according to the invention and the vegetable coal pulverizing apparatus comprising the apparatus and the crushing apparatus connected to the apparatus.By combining two ball mills, the grinding balls of which have different diameters and the bases of which comprise outlets with sieves as separating devices for separating the milled materials, continuous operation of the comminution device according to the invention can also take place, so that the vegetable coal particles as second milled material can be transferred continuously via the outlet of the first ball mill into the grinding chamber of the second ball mill after comminution of the first milled material and from there, after pulverization thereof, can be discharged to the outside via the outlet and the sieve of predetermined pore diameter as separating device according to the diameter of the pores of the sieve.It has been found that the vegetable coal according to the invention, which is subject to the refining of the vegetable coal by the comminution device according to the invention by means of the two ball mills connected in series, can advantageously be added as an additive to the feeds, so that the feeds in the digestive tract of the livestock aid in the digestion of the feed by the digestive tract.The upgraded vegetable coal of the present invention as a vegetable coal powder not only assists in pulping the feed in the digestive tract but also facilitates the liberation of nutrients from the feed such as proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc., so as to provide a far greater sustainability of the utilization of the feed in the presence of the vegetable coal.It is precisely because of the uniform small size of the vegetable coal to give vegetable coal powder that a uniform homogeneity is provided to vegetable coal to be administered to livestock.The vegetable coal powder according to the invention is also suitable for use with animal feeds of any type, such as bran, vinasse, treber, triester, molasses, beet chips etc.Moreover, the inventive vegetable coal powder provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method proves to be suitable both for single feed agents and for mixed feed, which is produced by mixing single feed agents.In addition, the inventive vegetable coal powder provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method is distinguished for mixing into liquids to be applied in livestock, called threshing, in order to stabilize the digestive tract of the livestock colonized with microorganisms as a result of disease, in order subsequently to prepare the feed addition to be carried out.By adding the inventive vegetable coal powder provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method, the administration of additional vitamins, amino acids, minerals etc. and also the bioavailability of these substances to the organism of the livestock via their digestive tract are clearly increased.Exemplary EmbodimentsThe drawings show, for simplification, in a schematic, greatly enlarged manner, without claiming to a true-to-scale representation, by way of example the comminution device according to the invention, the method and the vegetable coal powder according to the invention in FIG. 1 is a side view of a ball mill of a comminution device according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the grinding container of the ball mill, for example the first ball mill, of the comminution device according to the invention.In one embodiment, the vegetable coal is produced with the aid of a comminution device according to the invention which consists of two ball mills.The first ball mill comprises a grinding container having the inlet for charging a grinding container with a first grinding material as vegetable coal and the outlet with the grinding chamber, the drive unit and the separating device. The grinding container contains grinding balls. In the upper region of the grinding container there is a cover with the inlet, via which the grinding chamber is charged with the first grinding material to be treated.The grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall which is integrally formed on the base of the grinding container wall, wherein the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding space is configured to be curved outwards in a semicircular manner in cross section. A part of the bottom of the grinding container has the outlet for the further conveying of the vegetable coal particles as second grinding material via a line connected to the outlet, which leads to the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill.The first ball mill balls have a diameter of 1.8 cm or 2.0 cm. The outlet has a screen 5 as a separator for separating the vegetable coal particles as a second mill base from residues such as foreign matter, e.g. wood particles, carbonized wood particles, etc. The apertures of the sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are designed to be elongate in plan view and have a clear width as gap of 1.7 mm x 5.0 mm or 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm or 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The uncarburized residues fall out of the grinding container through a possibly closable screening device 7 and are fed to the discharge 4 and discharged via the latter to be supplied for disposal.The second ball mill has the inlet for charging its grinding container with the vegetable coal particles as a second grinding material from the first ball mill and the grinding container having the outlet, having a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device; the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating vibrating movements of the grinding container. The grinding container contains grinding balls. The grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 1.2 cm or 1.4 cm. The second ball mill has an inlet which closes the grinding chamber at the top in a cover.The grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the base, wherein the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding space is configured to be curved outwards in a semicircular shape in cross section. The outlet has a screen as a separator for classifying the vegetable coal powder from the treated vegetable coal particles. The pores of the screen of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are circular in plan view and have a clear width of vegetable coal powder according to the invention of predetermined shape and diameter. By passing the pores of the sieve and the predetermined inside diameter, the inventive vegetable coal powder of predetermined size and shape is discharged to the outside via the outlet, whereas those parts of the vegetable coal particles which are larger remain in the grinding container of the second ball mill for renewed or further treatment.With the aid of the method, the vegetable coal produced with the aid of the environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant is fed to the comminution device.The vegetable coal to be pulverized in the comminution device is produced in an environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of vegetable coal from a biomass particle in a bed as a moving bed with a shaft reactor. The shaft reactor has a shaft reactor shell comprising a top end and a base end for receiving the vegetable coal, at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying the air into the shaft reactor, the top end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the base end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the top end and the base end, a grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air conduit and an outer tube, the outer tube receives an upper end of the air conduit, the outer tube is movably connected to the air duct tube, the air duct tube is connected to an air outer tube via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device has a continuously tiltable pouring chute for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the pouring with biomass particles, the pouring chute is designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis aligned transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device such that it can rotate about the vertical axis of rotation in order to charge the surface of the pouring in the region about the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring by the ventilation metering device being controlled in terms of the amount of air and zone, wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the lower side of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.A collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for quenching the vegetable coal moved out of the discharge opening of the shaft reactor; the collecting device is connected via a transport screw to the inlet of the comminution device for charging the grinding container 3 of the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention for transporting the vegetable coal from the plant into the comminution device according to the invention.The method for producing vegetable coal from biomass, in particular from biomass particles such as wood, uses! the environmentally friendly independently controllable plant for continuously producing vegetable coal from biomass, wherein the temperatures in the bed, preferably at least in a central zone and / or in an outer zone thereof, the volume flow of the process gases escaping from the bed in the process gas line connected to the top end of the shaft reactor, the height of the bed in the shaft reactor are measured continuously and, according to the temperatures and / or the volume flow and / or the height of the bed, the air is supplied to the bed via the aeration metering device and the biomass particles are supplied to the bed via the particle conveying device, the process gases are drawn off via the process gas control device.The air in the bed is supplied by the aeration metering device in an air-quantity and zone-controlled manner, the biomass particles are added to the bed in a quantity-controlled, zone-controlled and height-controlled manner by the particle conveying device, and the process gases are discharged in a compressed-gas-controlled manner by a process-gas control device arranged in a process-gas line outgoing from the top end for the purpose of forwarding the gases. According to temperatures and / or volume flow and / or height of the bulk material, the inclinability of a bulk material and / or the rotation capability of the bulk material handling device are controlled. The vegetable coal is passed on in a chamber to a sorting and comminution device for further workup, and the vegetable coal particles are classified to the size, the shape, the degree of moisture and / or the degree of carbonisation. In the context of the invention, volume flow is also understood to mean the quantity of process gas or air which can be discharged or supplied, for example, per predetermined period of time. In the context of the invention, the air volume flow is also understood to mean the amount of air which can be supplied to or discharged from the bed per predetermined period of time, for example, and / or sucked into the shaft reactor as a result of carbonizing. Process gas is also understood in the sense of the invention to mean the gas which can be discharged via the process gas line or can flow out of the bed, for example per predetermined period of time.In operation of the first ball mill and the second ball mill of the crushing apparatus of the present invention, the grinding containers are not themselves caused to rotate by themselves, but the observer outside the ball mill does not perceive any rotation of the grinding container. However, the observer can perceive that the grinding balls therein are set in movements, such as in back and forth movements along a straight line and / or in the direction of rotation within the grinding container, which are capable of being superimposed.Due to the compact construction of the comminution device according to the invention, it does not place any high demands on the requirements of the installation of the comminution device.The first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention has an inlet for charging a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and the grinding container 3 having an outlet and having a grinding chamber, a drive unit 9 and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same in order to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container 3, the grinding container 3 has a base and a grinding container wall, on the base of which the grinding container wall is formed.The grinding container 3, also called a processing or oscillating container, is supported by a stand on a spring assembly 2. in one embodiment, the imbalance or oscillating drive coupled to the grinding container 3 displaces the latter as a drive unit with the bed of steel balls and the coal being picked up by it, e.g. mutually overlapping movement directions 10, 11, 12, such as elliptical, circular movements and / or forward and backward movements running in a straight line. Due to the brittle property of the carbon structure of the vegetable coal, the latter is crushed, comminuted and / or ground by the movement of the bed. The comminuted vegetable coal can then be discharged from the grinding container classified by the separating device, also called discharge device. The grinding container 3, e.g. designed as a shaped, circularly encircling trough with / or without, e.g., an internal helix, receives the grinding balls, for example steel balls, and the vegetable coal produced by the plant after the gasification or pyrolysis process, which can be present with non-uniform size division and the input material of the gasification or pyrolysis process which is often still uncarbonized or insufficiently carbonized therein.In one exemplary embodiment, the grinding container 3 has in its inner region a helically wound arrangement as a helix or a cup-shaped trough which is circular in plan view; the fill with the steel balls and the received vegetable coal parts is located in the outer region of the grinding container 3, which extends around the helix or can likewise be configured as a trough or partly as a trough. The imbalance or swing drive as a drive unit 9 is coupled to the grinding container and, together with the received bed of steel balls and the coal, sets it into elliptical and / or circular movements (see arrows), which can likewise be superimposed. The vegetable coal particles comminuted from vegetable coal can be discharged by means of a screen classified by the separating device, also called discharge device, which can be part of the bottom of the grinding container, since part of the bottom of the grinding container 3 of the first ball mill is formed with the screen for discharging the vegetable coal particles of predetermined size and / or shape.In order to lock the uncarburized residues from the plant coal production from the grinding container, a switch or flap 8 is immersed in the bed 6 in a time- and / or weight-controlled manner. The bulk material 6 is thereby guided in the direction of a screening device 7. The screening device 7 is designed such that the bulk material moves on top of the screening device 7 and then falls back into the grinding container as a processing or vibrating container in the outer region thereof. The uncarburized residues fall through the screening device 7 and are fed to the discharge 4 and discharged via the latter for disposal.List of reference characters1 Stand 2 Spring arrangement, spring package 3 Grinding container as processing or vibrating container 4 Discharge for uncarburized residues from the plant coal production from first ball mill 5 Screen as separating device for separating the plant coal particles from residues and forwarding them to second ball mill 6 Outer region of the grinding container filled with a bed of plant coal from the plant coal production and the grinding balls as comminution or grinding medium 7 Screen device for discharging the residues from grinding container 8 Switch or flap for diverting the bed via screen device 9 Drive unit as imbalance or vibrating drive for grinding containers 10, 11, 12 Movement directions of the bed in the grinding container

Claims

Comminution device for refining, preferably pulverizing, a vegetable coal, which comprises two ball mills, wherein a. the first ball mill for producing vegetable coal particles comprises a grinding container having an inlet for charging a grinding container (3) of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably vegetable coal, and an outlet having a grinding chamber, a drive unit (9) and a separating device, b. the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a base and a grinding container wall, c. the grinding container wall is formed on the base, d. a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the vegetable coal particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, and e. the outlet has a screen (5) as a separating device for separating the treated vegetable coal from residues, wherein f. the second ball mill comprises the inlet for feeding a grinding container with the treated vegetable coal from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, g. the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for generating, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container having a bottom and a grinding container wall, h. the grinding container wall is formed on the base and i. the outlet of the second ball mill has a sieve as a separating device for classifying the treated vegetable coal, characterized in that j. the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the first ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved part-circular in cross section outwards, k. the inner wall of the grinding container wall of the second ball mill facing the grinding chamber is designed to be curved part-circular in cross section outwards, I. the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm, the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 cm to 2.8 cm, m. the pores of the sieve of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are designed to be circular and have an internal width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm, still more preferably from 0.1 to 1.0 mm.Comminution device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 2.0 to 2.5 cm.Comminution device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 1.2 to 1.5 cm.Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the usable volume of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill is 2.5 to 3.2.Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apertures of the sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are of elongate configuration and have inside widths of 1.7 mm x 5.0 mm.Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vegetable coal to be pulverized in the comminution device for feeding the first ball mill is produced with the aid of a plant for continuously producing vegetable coal from a biomass particles in a bed as a moving bed with a shaft reactor, the shaft reactor comprises a shaft reactor shell comprising a top end and a base end for receiving the vegetable coal, at least one particle conveying device for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for feeding the air into the shaft reactor, the top end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the base end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the top end and the base end, a grid in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the base end for supporting the bed, the base end of the shaft reactor having the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device having an air line tube and an outer tube, the outer tube receiving an upper end of the air line tube, the outer tube being movably connected to the air line tube, the air line tube being connected to an air outer tube via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device being arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a pouring device, the pouring device having a continuously tiltable bed for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and charging of the bed with biomass particles, the bed being designed such that it can be tilted about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the pouring device having a main drive device is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the pouring in the region of the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the pouring is controlled by the air-flow and zone-controlled by the aeration metering device, the distance of an upper end of the outer pipe from the underside of the grid is determinable and the outer pipe is displaceable transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor, a collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for quenching the vegetable coal moved out of the discharge opening of the shaft reactor, the collecting device is connected to the inlet of the comminution device for charging the grinding container (3) of the first ball mill of the comminution device for transporting the vegetable coal from the plant into the comminution device via a transport device.Vegetable coal powder produced by the crushing device for refining, preferably pulverizing, a vegetable coal according to any one of the preceding claims.

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