Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite

Abstract

Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite, the lightning protection device comprising an outer housing (1), a lower housing (2), one or more laminated graphite modules, a tripping circuit module, and an intermediate electrode (9); wherein the outer housing (1) is connected to the lower housing (2); wherein the laminated graphite module is arranged at an upper end of the lower housing (2); wherein the laminated graphite module or modules comprise a frame (3), fixing plates (7), a sheet (8), an electrode, graphite plates (10), and insulating layers (11); wherein the graphite plates (10) and the insulating layers (11) are laminated together and installed in the frame (3), and the uppermost and lowermost graphite plates are each connected to the sheet (8) and the electrode, respectively; wherein the fixing plates (7) are each arranged at an upper end of the sheet (8) and at a lower end of the electrode;wherein the fixing plates (7) are rigidly connected to the frame (3); wherein pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are soldered to the fixing plate (7) for the laminated graphite module; wherein an arc insulation arrangement is provided between the laminated graphite module and the intermediate electrode (9), which, after thermal release, isolates the intermediate electrode (9) and the laminated graphite module from each other; and wherein the release circuit module is connected to the individual graphite plates (10) of the laminated graphite module; wherein the number of laminated graphite modules is two, comprising an L-module and an N-module; and two pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are each soldered to the fixing plates (7) at the upper ends of the L-module and N-module; or the number of laminated graphite modules is three, comprising a PE-module, an L / DC+-module, and an N / DC-module;and three pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are each soldered to the fixing plates (7) at the upper ends of the PE module, the L / DC+ module and the N / DC- module.;

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection devices, in particular a lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite. State of the art

[0002] With the rapid development of the communications industry, the swift evolution of terminals and mobile internet into the upcoming 5th generation places greater demands on the advancement of mobile networks. Higher density mobile base stations are needed to achieve faster and more sophisticated communication. Based on the installation site's requirements, these numerous base stations should be very compact and lightweight, easy to install and manufacture, and offer high performance. Therefore, several miniaturized base stations with long range, easy deployment, and low power consumption are emerging, including a miniaturized onboard surge protection device (SPD).

[0003] Previous mobile phone base stations typically used SPDs (Single-State Generators) that could be inserted and removed via a guide rail. These SPDs were based on the principle of a varistor, a radio link, or a gas discharge tube and offered features such as high current flow capacity, a functional indicator, and easy replacement. However, due to the limitations of their design and components, they were also quite bulky. With the further development of the communications industry, these SPDs, which could be inserted and removed via a guide rail, were replaced by smaller, PCB-mounted SPDs. This PCB-welded product still utilizes the design principles of a varistor and gas discharge tube, but eliminates the guide rail and socket.It has been shown that the PCB-mounted SPD can meet the miniaturization requirement. When using high-voltage direct current in the communications industry, the varistor and gas discharge tube must be enlarged and thickened in conventional PCB mounting due to parameter and size limitations. This is necessary to achieve a higher current flow rate and higher operating voltage. The size of the gas discharge tube also increases with the current flow rate. It would no longer be easy to achieve the required miniaturization using the conventional varistor and gas discharge tube.

[0004] The existing SPD for printed circuit boards is based on a varistor and gas discharge tube, where the varistor's area is proportional to the flow rate and its thickness to the voltage. At higher voltages and flow rates, a thicker, larger varistor must be used to meet the required parameters. However, a gas discharge tube typically only has a single spark gap, leading to problems with arc quenching and freewheeling interruption. For an AC system, arc quenching can usually be achieved by the zero crossing of the AC current.In contrast, for a direct current system, the very small drop in arc voltage (usually only about a dozen volts) after the discharge in a single spark gap means that the freewheeling of the direct current cannot be interrupted. As a result, the gas discharge tube is switched on at a low resistance and is damaged by overheating. While a series connection of the varistor and the gas discharge tube can potentially interrupt the freewheeling, this cannot be implemented in a small size because the voltage and current-carrying capacity are limited by the thickness and area of ​​the varistor. Content of the invention

[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite in order to provide a miniaturized lightning protection device with rapid separation by thermal release.

[0006] The technical solution to the problem solved by the present invention is: A lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite, comprising an outer housing, a lower housing, one or more laminated graphite modules, a tripping circuit module, and an intermediate electrode; wherein each outer housing is connected to the lower housing; wherein the laminated graphite module is arranged at an upper end of the lower housing; wherein the laminated graphite module comprises a frame, fixing plates, a sheet, an electrode, graphite plates, and insulating layers; wherein the graphite plates and the insulating layers are laminated together and installed in the frame; wherein the graphite plates are connected to the sheet and the electrode at their upper and lower ends, respectively; wherein the fixing plates are arranged at an upper end of the sheet and at a lower end of the electrode; wherein the fixing plates are attached to the frame;wherein pins of the intermediate electrode are welded to the fixing plate for the laminated graphite module; wherein an arc insulation arrangement is provided between the laminated graphite module and the intermediate electrode, which, after separation caused by thermal triggering, isolates the intermediate electrode and the laminated graphite module from each other; and wherein the triggering circuit module is connected to the individual graphite plates of the laminated graphite module.

[0007] The invention has the following significantly advantageous aspects compared to the prior art: (1) The invention uses the design of several layers of graphite and insulating spark gaps between them, taking advantage of the cost-effective, easy-to-manufacture and heat-resistant graphite electrodes and adjusting the parameters of the insulating spark gaps between the graphite layers to enable overvoltage protection for different voltage levels. (2) In the invention, a Y-shaped symmetrical design of the circuit is combined with a double release structure of the intermediate electrode, so that the release structure disconnects the lightning protection device from the circuit when its properties are deteriorated due to overheating or it is damaged, in order to achieve the function of rapid separation by thermal release. (3) The PE module, L / DC+ module and N / DC- module according to the invention are connected to the intermediate electrode by an arc insulation arrangement which effectively fulfills the function of arc insulation and prevents fire due to the arc. (4) The PE module, L / DC+ module and N / DC- module according to the invention have an identical structure, which can prevent incorrect connection. (5) The output pins according to the invention are welded onto the printed circuit board, which meets the requirements of modern industrial power supplies, such as high integration, miniaturization, and the ability to be mass-produced by wave soldering. The overall product has a small volume, high current flow capacity, fast switching-on, and high sensitivity, so that a very small and thin design can be achieved. List of characters Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the entire structure of the present invention. Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic exploded view of the present invention. Fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic structural view of an L / DC+ module. Fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic structural view of an N / DC module. Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic structural view of a PE module. Fig. Figure 6 shows a schematic structural view of a trigger circuit module. Fig. Figure 7 shows a schematic front view of the structure of an inner enclosure. Fig. Figure 8 shows a schematic rear view of the structure of the inner casing. Fig. Figure 9 shows a schematic structural view of a fixing plate. Fig. Figure 10 schematically shows the assembly of a module. Fig. Figure 11 shows a schematic front view of the structure of a U-shaped frame. Fig. Figure 12 shows a schematic rear view of the structure of the U-shaped frame. Fig. Figure 13 shows a Y-shaped circuit formed by the connection between the intermediate electrode and three modules made of laminated graphite. Detailed descriptions

[0008] The present invention is further described in connection with the drawings and the specific embodiments.

[0009] With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 13 comprises a lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to the present invention, an outer housing 1 , a lower case 2 , a laminated graphite module, a trigger circuit module and an intermediate electrode 9 .

[0010] The outer casing 1 is with the lower case2 connected. The laminated graphite module is located in a mounting groove at the upper end of the lower housing. 2 arranged. The laminated graphite module comprises a frame 3 , fixing plates 7 , a sheet of metal 8 , an electrode, graphite plates 10 and insulation layers 11 The graphite plates 10 and the insulation layers 11 are laminated together in the frame 3 (such as the U-shaped frame shown in the figure). The graphite plates are attached to the sheet metal at both their upper and lower ends. 8 and connected to the electrode. The fixing plates 7 are each located at one upper end of the sheet metal 8 and located at a lower end of the electrode. The fixing plates 7 are with the frame 3 firmly bonded to form the laminate from the graphite sheets 10 and the insulation layers11 to hold firmly in place. Pins of the intermediate electrode 9 are each attached to the fixing plate 7 The laminated graphite module is welded together. Between the laminated graphite module and the intermediate electrode... 9 An arc insulation arrangement is provided which, after a separation of the intermediate electrode caused by thermal triggering, 9 and the laminated graphite module isolates them from each other, thus achieving arc insulation.

[0011] In some embodiments, one or more modules made of laminated graphite are present.

[0012] In one embodiment, the number of laminated graphite modules is two, comprising an L-module, an N-module, and the intermediate electrode. 9 has two pins, each attached to the fixing plates 7 are welded to the upper ends of the L-module and N-module.

[0013] In another embodiment, the number of laminated graphite modules is three, comprising a PE module, an L / DC+ module and an N / DC- module, and the intermediate electrode 9 has three pins, each attached to the fixing plates 7 are welded to the upper ends of the PE module, the L / DC+ module and the N / DC- module.

[0014] Furthermore, the trigger circuit module includes pin headers. 18 , capacitors 17 , and a circuit board 16 . An end to the capacitors 17 and one end of the pin headers 18 are on the circuit board 16 welded. On the circuit board 16 At least one row of pin headers is provided, and the number of rows corresponds to the number of laminated graphite modules. Each row of pin headers comprises several groups of pin headers, and each group comprises two pin headers, with the pins located within the frame. 3several rows of mounting grooves in the vertical direction 31 are provided; and wherein each row of pin headers fits into the mounting slots 31 of the frame 3 is plugged in to work with the graphite plates 10 to be connected. One pin header of each group of pin headers is connected via the mounting groove. 31 into the mounting hole 32 on the frame 3 plugged in.

[0015] In one embodiment with three modules made of laminated graphite, the printed circuit board 16 Three rows of pin headers are provided, each corresponding to the PE module, the L / DC+ module and the N / DC- module.

[0016] Furthermore, the arc insulation assembly includes an inner housing. 5 , an arc insulation panel 4 , and a spring element 6 The inner casing 5 is attached to the fixing plate 7 attached at the top end. The inner casing5 is with weld holes 52 provided, and the pins of the intermediate electrode 9 are through the weld holes 52 with the fixing plate 7 welded. On the inner casing 5 are guide grooves 51 provided. The spring element 6 and the arc insulation board 4 are in the guide grooves 51 arranged. One end of the arc insulation plate 4 stands with the spring element 6 in contact, so that the other end of the arc insulation plate is under the action of the spring element. 6 against the intermediate electrode 9 is pressed. After a separation of the intermediate electrode caused by thermal release. 9 and the fixing plate 7 presses the spring element 6 the arc insulation board 4 , so that the arc insulation plate 4 the intermediate electrode9 and the fixing plate 7 isolated from each other to achieve arc insulation.

[0017] In one embodiment, the bottom of the inner housing is... 5 several mounting supports 53 provided, and in the fixing plate 7 There are several mounting holes at the top end. 71 provided for. The inner casing 5 and the fixing plate 7 are joined together by mounting the mounting supports 53 in the mounting holes 71 the fixing plate 7 attached.

[0018] Furthermore, the spring element is 6 around a spring or an elastic rubber.

[0019] The preferred option is the fixing plate. 7 at the upper end with a welded projection 72 provided, whereby the weld protrusion 72 on the inner side of the mounting holes 71is located to facilitate welding between electrodes 9 with the welding protrusion 72 the fixing plate 7 to make it easier.

[0020] In one embodiment, the fixing plates 7 at the upper end by screws 12 with the frame 3 firmly attached. To the fixing plate 7 Several countersunk holes are provided at the upper end, by means of which the fixing plate is secured with countersunk screws. 12 with the frame 3 is attached.

[0021] In the lightning protection device according to the invention, with spark gaps between laminated graphite, the heat generated during overheating due to overload in any operating circuit is transferred to a weld point. When the weld point reaches its melting temperature, the brazing material is fused at the thermal release point between the intermediate electrode. 9 and the fixing plate 7melted. The intermediate electrode 9 detaches itself from the fixing plate by its own spring force 7 off. At the same time, the arc insulation plate slides. 4 along the guide grooves 51 under the influence of the spring element 6 , so that the arc insulation plate 4 the intermediate electrode 9 and the fixing plate 7 completely isolated from each other, thereby breaking the arc and switching off this circuit.

[0022] In the lightning protection device according to the invention with spark gaps between laminated graphite, the outer housing 1 , the lower case 2 and the inner casing 5Made from flame-retardant, industrial-grade insulating materials. These materials offer a variety of appearances, impact resistance, good workability, and reliability, ensuring safe electrical insulation between the circuit board and adjacent electronic components during product operation. The electrode of the PE module serves as a PE electrode. 15 , the electrode of the L / DC+ module as L / DC+ electrode 13, and the electrode of the N / DC- module as N / DC- electrode 14 . In Fig. 10 is 13 / 14 / 15 Each electrode consists of an L / DC+ electrode, an N / DC electrode, and a PE electrode. The intermediate electrode 9Together with the PE module, L / DC+ module, and N / DC- module, it forms a dual-trip structure, meaning that each connection (LN, L-PE, N-PE) has two tripping points. Furthermore, the PE module, L / DC+ module, and N / DC- module have an identical structure, which prevents incorrect connections and provides fault tolerance. The invention utilizes a multi-layered graphite structure with insulating spark gaps between it, taking advantage of cost-effective, easily manufactured, and heat-resistant graphite electrodes. The parameters of the insulating spark gaps between the graphite layers are appropriately adjusted to provide overvoltage protection for different voltage levels.This effectively solves the problems of miniaturizing the device on a circuit board, its application at high voltage, its universality for both direct and alternating current, and the reverse connection of the circuit, making it more suitable for use as a lightning protection device in modern communications.

Claims

[1] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite, characterized by , that the lightning protection device comprises an outer housing (1), a lower housing (2), one or more laminated graphite modules, a tripping circuit module and an intermediate electrode (9); wherein the outer casing (1) is connected to the lower casing (2); wherein the laminated graphite module is arranged at an upper end of the lower housing (2); wherein the module or modules made of laminated graphite comprise a frame (3), fixing plates (7), a sheet (8), an electrode, graphite plates (10) and insulating layers (11); wherein the graphite plates (10) and the insulating layers (11) are laminated together and installed in the frame (3) and the uppermost and lowermost graphite plates are each connected to the sheet (8) and the electrode, respectively; wherein the fixing plates (7) are arranged at an upper end of the sheet (8) and at a lower end of the electrode, respectively; wherein the fixing plates (7) are rigidly connected to the frame (3); wherein pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are welded to the fixing plate (7) for the module made of laminated graphite; wherein an arc insulation arrangement is provided between the laminated graphite module and the intermediate electrode (9), which, after separation caused by thermal triggering, insulates the intermediate electrode (9) and the laminated graphite module from each other; and wherein the trigger circuit module is connected to the individual graphite plates (10) of the laminated graphite module. [2] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 1, characterized by , that the trigger circuit module comprises pin headers (18), capacitors (17), and a printed circuit board (16); wherein one end of the capacitors (17) and one end of the pin headers (18) are welded to the printed circuit board (16); wherein several rows of mounting slots (31) are provided within the frame (3) in the vertical direction; and wherein the pin headers (18) are inserted into the mounting slots (31) of the frame (3) to be connected to the graphite plates (10). [3] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 1, characterized by , that the arc insulation arrangement comprises an inner housing (5), an arc insulation plate (4), and a resilient element (6); wherein the inner housing (5) is attached to the fixing plate (7) at its upper end; wherein the inner housing (5) is provided with weld holes (52), and the pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are welded to the fixing plate (7) through the weld holes (52); wherein guide grooves (51) are provided on the inner housing (5); wherein the resilient element (6) and the arc insulation plate (4) are arranged in the guide grooves (51); and wherein one end of the arc insulation plate (4) is in contact with the resilient element (6), such that the other end of the arc insulation plate is pressed against the intermediate electrode (9) under the action of the resilient element (6). [4] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 3, characterized by , that several mounting supports (53) are provided on the bottom of the inner housing (5), and several mounting holes (71) are provided in the fixing plate (7) at the upper end; and that the inner housing (5) and the fixing plate (7) are fastened to each other by the mounting supports (53) and the mounting holes (71). [5] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 3, characterized by , that the fixing plate (7) is provided at its upper end with a welding projection (72), wherein the welding projection (72) is located on the inner side of the mounting holes (71), and wherein the intermediate electrode (9) is welded to the welding projection (72) of the fixing plate (7). [6] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 1, characterized by, that the number of laminated graphite modules is two, comprising an L-module and an N-module; and that two pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are each welded to the fixing plates (7) at the upper ends of the L-module and N-module. [7] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 1, characterized by , that the number of laminated graphite modules is three, comprising a PE module, an L / DC+ module and an N / DC module; and that three pins of the intermediate electrode (9) are each welded to the fixing plates (7) at the upper ends of the PE module, the L / DC+ module and the N / DC- module. [8] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 3, characterized by , that the spring element (6) is a spring. [9] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 3, characterized by, that the spring element (6) is an elastic rubber. [10] Lightning protection device with spark gaps between laminated graphite according to claim 1, characterized by , that the frame (3) is U-shaped.

Images