Modular facade system and building construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular facade system (100) comprising at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and at least one planting panel (120), wherein the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") has a flat surface and wherein the at least one planting panel (120) has a flat surface with an attached box body (121), wherein the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel (120) can be combined in rows and / or in rows.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a modular facade system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a building construction.

[0002] The concept of green facades can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when ivy and other climbing plants were deliberately planted to cover building facades. Over the centuries, the concept of green facades has evolved and become more sophisticated; today, green facades play a vital role in sustainable urban development and in improving the quality of life in urban environments.

[0003] Even the traditional ivy-covered facades of the Middle Ages offered a number of advantages, such as improved building insulation, protection of the facade from the elements, and an aesthetic enhancement of the building. Furthermore, they contributed to improving air quality, particularly in larger settlements, by filtering pollutants and producing oxygen.

[0004] In modern architecture and urban planning, green facades are no longer limited to ivy, but encompass a wide variety of plant species and numerous systems specifically designed for integration into building facades. These systems enable efficient facade greening and offer a range of ecological, social, and economic benefits.

[0005] Green facades are therefore an important component of sustainable urban development today and help to mitigate the effects of climate change in urban areas, increase the quality of life and promote urban biodiversity.

[0006] In this context, WO 2020 / 164822 A1 describes a facade system that can be installed on a building wall. The facade system comprises numerous individual facade elements, each of which has a housing that forms a shallow first chamber containing a porous filling material. An inlet opening at the upper end of the first chamber allows a liquid containing organic matter to be introduced. At the lower end, the first chamber has an outlet opening through which the liquid can leave. The housing encloses the first chamber on five sides; on the side facing the building wall, the chamber is bounded by the building wall. The housing also forms a second chamber, which serves as a planting container and contains a planting substrate.On the outer side of the facade element, the side facing away from the building wall, the second space is defined by a partition wall that incorporates several planting openings. The plants extend outwards through these openings, their roots held in the planting substrate.

[0007] DE 38 36 437 A1 discloses a plantable facade element that can be attached to a vertical wall. Several of these facade elements can be arranged one above the other, so that the planting area of ​​the lower facade element is partially covered by the ground surface of an upper element of the same size. The facade elements thus lie directly on top of each other like roof tiles, without, however, covering a larger ground area.

[0008] EP 3 878 269 A1 describes the use of a composite fleece for greening building walls or facades. The composite fleece comprises a synthetic fiber fleece layer consisting of at least 50% flame-retardant synthetic fibers, a woven fabric layer, and a UV-resistant coating, the coating being applied to the side of the composite fleece facing away from the building wall or facade. The composite fleece can be installed essentially vertically on an exterior building wall or facade. A vegetation support layer is also provided between the building wall or facade and the composite fleece. If the composite fleece is slit or cut, the plant root can be inserted through the slit into the vegetation support layer behind it.

[0009] Patent DE 20 2009 014 675 U1 also describes a system for facade greening. A substrate carrier, designed to hold plant roots and water, is applied to a plastic backing board. This substrate carrier is slightly offset at the edges, ensuring an overlap between the planting panels when they are installed. The panels are then attached to the facade like slate shingles. Spacers provide ventilation behind the panels, allowing moisture to evaporate from the wall. Irrigation is achieved by keeping the panels moist from above through capillary action. Due to the overlapping design, water flows from a higher substrate carrier to a lower one.

[0010] German patent DE 10 2010 055 884 A1 describes a metal facade system with an integrated fastening function, consisting of at least three different profile types: two fastening profiles and one replaceable cladding profile for ventilated facade surfaces, in conjunction with at least two special Z-profiles. At least two fastening profiles can be joined together by means of an acute-angled edge for support against a tongue and groove joint on the Z-profile. A positive-locking connection can be created on a web by means of a transverse groove in the Z-profile and a retaining clip; simultaneously, a cladding profile positioned between them can be connected by snapping and clamping. A closed exterior surface can thus be formed by means of alternating arrangements of fastening and cladding profiles. Furthermore, an inwardly directed, corrugated surface ensures increased heat dissipation.Planting through openings in the facade system creates vertical green spaces. The plants can be watered via an integrated irrigation hose.

[0011] However, the known devices for greening facades are disadvantageous in that they do not allow for simple and automatic watering of the plants.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to propose an improved modular facade system.

[0013] This problem is solved according to the invention by the modular facade system according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0014] The invention relates to a modular facade system comprising at least one formwork panel and at least one planting panel, wherein the at least one formwork panel has a flat surface, and wherein the at least one planting panel has a flat surface with an attached box body.

[0015] It is therefore a modular system, composed of two different types of panels—namely, at least one formwork panel and at least one planting panel—for cladding a facade, in particular a building facade. The building in question can be a residential building, such as a single-family or multi-family house, an office building, a factory building, or even a bridge.

[0016] When assembled, the formwork panels and the planting panels advantageously form a facade which is arranged above the actual building facade and completely or partially covers the actual building facade.

[0017] The at least one formwork panel is essentially planar, i.e., its length and width are significantly greater than its thickness or height, the thickness being essentially determined by the material thickness of the at least one formwork panel and possibly by a plug-in, locking or centering mechanism for connecting several panels to each other.

[0018] The at least one planting panel advantageously corresponds in length and width to the at least one formwork panel, so that the at least one planting panel can be exchanged for the at least one formwork panel in the assembled state of the facade system and vice versa.

[0019] Advantageously, the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel have a length of at least 50 cm, in particular at least 75 cm, and most preferably at least 100 cm. The width of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel is advantageously at least 15 cm, in particular at least 20 cm, and most preferably at least 25 cm.

[0020] The at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel are preferably made of metal, in particular weather-resistant metal, for example galvanized sheet steel. The thickness or height of the at least one formwork panel then advantageously corresponds essentially to the material thickness of the sheet steel.

[0021] However, the planting panel differs from the formwork panel in its height, as it has an attached box body. This box body is designed with a base, two side walls, a front wall, and a back wall. The planting panel, or box body, is open at the top.

[0022] The back wall of the at least one planting panel is advantageously identical to the at least one formwork panel, i.e., the back wall of the at least one planting panel consists of a formwork panel. This allows the number of identical parts to be increased, which in turn reduces manufacturing costs.

[0023] Preferably, at least one planting panel is a formwork panel with an attached box body formed by the base, side walls, and front wall. The base, side walls, and front wall can advantageously have contours; for example, the base can have a step from the front wall to the back wall. It is also conceivable that the front wall or the base has a curve.

[0024] Since the top of the box body placed on the planting panel is not closed by a wall or a lid, the interior formed by the box body is accessible from above.

[0025] The at least one planting panel is designed to be used as a planter for planting various plants. Preferably, the planter body can accommodate a substrate suitable for planting and cultivating plants, such as fertilized potting soil or plant granules.

[0026] Preferably, the base, side walls, front wall, and back wall are continuously welded together at their points of contact. This ensures that the planter box is largely watertight, making it not only particularly suitable for planting and cultivating plants, as it can retain water for extended periods, but also advantageously preventing water from running down the facade from the at least one planting panel after each watering. Such water runoff would quickly lead to aesthetic deterioration of the facade due to limescale and other deposits.

[0027] The inevitable, at least partial, evaporation of water from the substrate filling also results in a cooling effect, which initially acts on the building facade. This cooling of the facade subsequently leads to a cooling of the building interior and the entire surrounding area. Since evaporation, and thus the cooling effect, naturally increases with rising ambient temperature, this can help stabilize the temperature level inside the building. The ambient temperature around the building can also be reduced. This represents a further advantage of the facade system according to the invention, particularly in urban areas where temperatures are steadily rising due to climate change.

[0028] Preferably, the container body can also have a perforated metal insert, which advantageously separates a lower section of the container body from an upper section. For example, a particularly nutrient-rich or moisture-retaining substance, such as highly fertilized plant granules, can be placed in the lower section. Ordinary potting soil, for example, can be placed in the upper section, separated from the lower section by the perforated metal insert. The perforated metal insert ensures a diffuse exchange of nutrients and moisture from the lower to the upper section.

[0029] The perforated sheet preferably consists of a weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant material, for example galvanized steel sheet, aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

[0030] According to the invention, it is provided that the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel can be combined in rows and in lines.

[0031] This allows multiple formwork panels to be easily and precisely connected row by row to create a continuous facade. Overlapping areas also improve the watertightness and resistance to water runoff of the facade system according to the invention.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one formwork panel has a groove-like receptacle at a first end and a spring-like projection at a second end, wherein the receptacle and the projection are designed in opposite directions so that the projection can be received into the receptacle.

[0033] Advantageously, the first and second ends of the at least one formwork panel are opposite ends of the at least one formwork panel, so that any number of formwork panels can be continuously connected to each other via the groove-like receptacles or the spring-like projections in the direction of the first ends or second ends.

[0034] The terms "first end" and "second end" refer to the edge strip of the at least one formwork panel at each opposite edge, for example, an edge strip with a width of 3 cm, 5 cm, or 7 cm. This edge strip is in any case wide enough to accommodate the groove-like recess or the spring-like projection. When the at least one formwork panel is connected to another formwork panel, i.e., when the spring-like projection of the at least one formwork panel is received in the recess of another formwork panel, then the first end and the second end of the at least one formwork panel overlap with the first end and the second end of the other formwork panel, respectively.

[0035] The first end, when the at least one formwork panel is installed, is preferably the upper end. Similarly, the second end, which is opposite the first end, is preferably the lower end when the at least one formwork panel is installed.

[0036] Preferably, the groove-like recess of the at least one formwork panel is produced by bending the at least one formwork panel at the first end, and the spring-like projection of the at least one formwork panel is produced by bending the at least one formwork panel at the second end.

[0037] Bending belongs to the group of forming manufacturing processes, which, particularly in the field of sheet metal forming, enable the rapid and relatively simple production of the desired shape, thus ensuring a high throughput of manufactured formwork panels and planting panels. Furthermore, this type of bending is comparatively cost-effective and energy-efficient.

[0038] The bending process is preferably carried out according to DIN 8580.

[0039] The at least one planting panel can also have such a groove-like recess at one end and a spring-like projection at the other.

[0040] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first end of the at least one formwork panel and the first end of the at least one planting panel points upwards in the assembled state of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel, and that the second end of the at least one formwork panel and the second end of the at least one planting panel points downwards in the assembled state of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel.

[0041] Since the groove-like recess points downwards, especially with its open side facing downwards, the watertightness of the facade system can be further improved, as no standing water can collect in the groove-like recess and thus the corrosion effect of the water hitting the facade system is reduced.

[0042] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular facade system further comprises at least one downpipe and at least one connecting pipe, wherein the at least one downpipe has at least one collecting reservoir on an inner circumference, and wherein the at least one collecting reservoir communicates with the interior of the box body via the at least one connecting pipe.

[0043] The downpipe can preferably be designed as a rainwater downpipe, which is already an integral part of the building to be clad by the facade system. This advantageously eliminates the need for an additional downpipe.

[0044] Furthermore, by utilizing the existing downpipe, water from the rainwater falling on the building can easily be used to irrigate the planting panels.

[0045] To utilize this rainwater for irrigating the planting panels, the downpipe has at least one collecting reservoir on its inner circumference. This at least one collecting reservoir is preferably designed as an upwardly open, ring-shaped receptacle encircling the inner circumference. The outer wall of the at least one collecting reservoir is formed by the inner circumference of the downpipe. Since the water in the downpipe largely falls downwards along the inner wall due to typical cohesive forces, the at least one collecting reservoir can therefore collect a correspondingly large portion of the water.

[0046] When the volume of at least one collection reservoir is completely filled with collected water, any excess water overflows the inner edge, which acts as an overflow lip, and falls further downwards. Due to the aforementioned cohesive forces, it comes into contact with the inner wall of the downpipe again after a short fall and can then be collected, for example, by another collection reservoir. When this next reservoir is also completely full, it too overflows, allowing the overflowing water to be collected by yet another collection reservoir below it. In this way, a multitude of collection reservoirs arranged one above the other in the downpipe can be filled sequentially from top to bottom.

[0047] The at least one connecting pipe is linked to the at least one collection reservoir through an opening in the wall of the downpipe. Likewise, the at least one connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the planting panel's housing. This allows collected water from the reservoir to flow into the housing and irrigate the substrate inside. Thus, the at least one collection reservoir communicates with the at least one housing.

[0048] The connecting pipe can be made of, for example, a weather-resistant plastic or a weather-resistant metal.

[0049] This makes it possible not only to easily green building facades, but also to simultaneously ensure reliable and low-maintenance irrigation and care for the cultivated plants. This makes the facade system robust and low-maintenance.

[0050] Particularly in urban residential areas, the facade system can improve the quality of life. The greening contributes to improved air quality and locally counteracts increasing warming due to climate change.

[0051] Another advantage of using downpipes, especially rainwater downpipes, for irrigating planting panels is the buffering of rainwater. Instead of rainwater being channeled directly from the roof into the sewer system via the downpipes, as is common practice, using the downpipe for irrigation directs a portion of the rainwater into the planting panels, where it is absorbed and stored in the substrate. This relieves the burden on the sewer system, particularly during heavy rainfall when large volumes of water need to be drained away quickly. As a result, flooding caused by severe weather in urban areas can be prevented or at least mitigated.

[0052] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a maximum water level in the at least one planting panel is determined by means of the height of an overflow edge of the at least one collecting reservoir.

[0053] The invention advantageously utilizes the principle of communicating vessels, according to which the water level in volumes hydraulically connected by tubes is always the same in equilibrium.

[0054] By appropriately arranging the overflow edge of the at least one collection reservoir at a specific height, it is therefore possible to also determine the maximum water level in the at least one planting panel.

[0055] The water level in at least one planting panel is raised by water supplied from at least one collection reservoir via at least one connecting pipe until the water level in the at least one collection reservoir is high enough to overflow the edge. Once the water level in at least one planting panel reaches the same level as the water in the at least one collection reservoir, the water level no longer rises. Thus, the water level in at least one planting panel can be reliably and automatically adjusted without the need for comparatively expensive, error-prone, or maintenance-intensive sensors.

[0056] Should the water level in at least one planting panel rise above the overflow edge of the at least one collection reservoir for unforeseen reasons – for example, due to heavy rainfall directly into the at least one planting panel or because a resident of the building with the facade system is additionally watering the plants in the at least one planting panel – the at least one connecting pipe will function as a drainage system or outlet, since the water will be drained from the at least one planting panel to the at least one collection reservoir until the water level in the at least one planting panel corresponds to the water level in the at least one collection reservoir, i.e., the height of the overflow edge.

[0057] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one connecting line within the at least one planting panel has openings for drip irrigation.

[0058] The at least one connecting pipe is perforated in the area of ​​the at least one planting panel, allowing for a more even and slower irrigation process and ensuring the substrate in the at least one planting panel remains uniformly moist. This prevents leaching of the substrate caused by applying water in large amounts to the same spot.

[0059] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one formwork panel has a positioning device at a third end and a counter-positioning device at a fourth end, wherein the positioning device and the counter-positioning device are designed to be mirror images of each other, so that the positioning device and the counter-positioning device can be connected in a snap-fit ​​manner.

[0060] Advantageously, the third and fourth ends of at least one formwork panel are opposite each other, analogous to the first and second ends. This makes it possible to continuously and precisely align and connect any number of formwork panels or planting panels in the direction of the third and fourth ends using the positioning and counter-positioning devices.

[0061] The terms "third end" and "fourth end" refer, analogously to the terms "first end" and "second end," to a corresponding edge strip in relation to the at least one formwork panel. This strip may, for example, also have a width of 3 cm, 5 cm, or 7 cm. In contrast to the groove-like recesses or spring-like projections of the first and second ends, the third and fourth ends each have only a positioning device or counter-positioning device. The positioning device and counter-positioning device may, for example, be designed as a positioning pin and pin opening, a positioning nose and nose notch, or a positioning collar and collar groove. Other suitable positioning devices and counter-positioning devices are also conceivable and preferred.

[0062] If the positioning device is connected at a third end and the counter-positioning device is connected at a fourth end, then the third end and the fourth end of the at least one formwork panel overlap.

[0063] The overlapping of adjacent formwork panels facilitates the creation of a tight and watertight facade surface, which protects the building behind it from weather influences and especially from the penetration of moisture.

[0064] It can also be advantageous for at least one planting panel to have a positioning device at a third end and a counter-positioning device at a fourth end, which are identical to the positioning device or counter-positioning device of the at least one formwork panel.

[0065] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a plurality of planting panels arranged side by side can be connected by means of a plurality of connecting lines or a common connecting line.

[0066] This makes it possible to supply horizontally arranged planting panels with water from a single reservoir. Since the adjacent planting panels are advantageously all aligned as precisely as possible at the same height and connected via numerous connecting pipes or a common connecting pipe according to the principle of communicating vessels, automated irrigation in all planting panels occurs in this case as well, without any sensors, until a water level corresponding to the height of the overflow edge is reached.

[0067] If a large number of connecting pipes are to be used to connect the numerous planting panels, a connecting pipe is preferably arranged between each pair of adjacent planting panels. Suitable filter devices can be used, for example, to prevent substrate or soil from being washed from an upstream planting panel into the connecting pipe leading to a downstream planting panel.

[0068] If a common connecting pipe is to be used to connect the multiple planting panels, the common connecting pipe is advantageously perforated in the area of ​​the planting panels and has openings for drip irrigation. The common connecting pipe is a single, continuous pipe that runs from the collection reservoir through all the planting panels arranged side by side, i.e., in rows.

[0069] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one downpipe and / or the at least one planting panel (120) can be supplied with water by an external water source.

[0070] For example, a hose connected to the public water network can be arranged inside or outside at least one downpipe in order to fill water into the at least one downpipe from the upper end of the at least one downpipe.

[0071] Similarly, water from a cistern or other water storage facility, especially a rainwater storage tank, can be poured into the at least one downpipe via a hose.

[0072] Instead of supplying the water required for irrigation via the downpipe, it can alternatively be provided to supply the water directly to at least one planting panel. This also enables irrigation via an independent external water source, particularly for buildings without downpipes. In this case, too, this could be a hose connected to the public water supply, delivering the water directly to at least one planting panel.

[0073] This ensures that at least one planting panel can be reliably supplied with water even when there is insufficient rainfall. The water supply to at least one planting panel is thus independent of weather conditions.

[0074] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one planting panel has a sensor for determining substrate moisture and / or for determining nutrient content in the at least one box body.

[0075] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular facade system is designed to automatically irrigate a substrate in the at least one planting panel when the substrate moisture falls below a threshold value and / or to automatically fertilize the substrate in the at least one planting panel when the nutrient content of the substrate falls below a threshold value.

[0076] The sensor can detect the need for irrigation, especially during prolonged periods without rainfall. The sensor can be designed as a moisture-sensitive sensor, which is read by a control unit. When a moisture threshold is reached, the control unit can then preferably trigger automated irrigation from an external water source to prevent the plants in the planting panel from drying out.

[0077] Preferably, the sensor can also be designed to detect the nutrient content of the substrate in the planting panel, so that nutrients, for example in the form of suitable fertilizer, can be supplied as needed.

[0078] Alternatively, preferably, two independent sensors can be arranged in the at least one planting panel, wherein a first sensor is the moisture-sensitive sensor and a second sensor is a nutrient-sensitive sensor.

[0079] The sensor(s) can be advantageously read by a control unit. The detected moisture and nutrient content are then compared by the control unit against the threshold value for substrate moisture and the threshold value for the substrate nutrient content, respectively.

[0080] Automated irrigation can be achieved, for example, by means of a mechanically or electromagnetically operated valve that opens or closes a water supply. In particular, the water supply can be via the connecting pipe, so that the valve can open or close the connecting pipe.

[0081] Automated fertilization can be achieved, for example, via an automatically operated dosing pump, which is advantageously equipped with a refillable fertilizer reservoir. The dosing pump can then extract a predetermined quantity of fertilizer from the reservoir and release it into the surrounding substrate. During subsequent irrigation cycles, the released fertilizer dissolves and spreads further into the substrate.

[0082] To supply the sensor(s), valve and metering pump with electrical power, long-lasting, high-capacity batteries or an external power supply can preferably be used.

[0083] For example, the sensor(s), the valve, and the dosing pump can each have their own battery, which supplies them with the electrical power required for operation. Since the power consumption is relatively low, the batteries can be used for several years before they need to be replaced.

[0084] An external power supply can also be provided, for example with a voltage of 5 V. The power supply wiring can preferably be located behind the facade system, between the building's cladding and the facade system. This way, the wiring is not visible from the outside and the aesthetic appearance of the facade system is not disturbed.

[0085] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that connections of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel to at least one further formwork panel and / or to at least one further planting panel are designed to be watertight and to prevent water from seeping behind them.

[0086] The facade formed by the facade system reliably protects the underlying building facade against moisture. This prevents moisture damage to the clad building.

[0087] Particularly advantageous is the inclusion of at least one formwork panel and at least one planting panel with additional rubber seals at the overlapping ends or edge strips, which further hinders the penetration of moisture behind the facade system.

[0088] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that fastening screws and / or fastening bolts for fastening the at least one formwork panel to a facade are covered in a mounted state of the at least one formwork panel by a further formwork panel and / or planting panel, and that fastening screws and / or fastening bolts for fastening the at least one planting panel to a facade are covered in a mounted state of the at least one planting panel by a further formwork panel and / or planting panel.

[0089] In other words, the fastening screws or bolts for attaching the formwork panels and the planting panels are located in the edge area of ​​the formwork panels or the planting panels and are concealed or overlapped by an adjacent formwork panel or planting panel.

[0090] This ensures that no moisture can penetrate through the openings in the formwork panels or planting panels, through which the fastening screws or bolts pass.

[0091] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular facade system further comprises a fastening framework designed to allow the attachment of at least one formwork panel and at least one planting panel.

[0092] The fastening frame can, for example, be designed as a rail system with profile rails, each of which has a spacing adapted to the dimensions of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel, and enables simple and reliable, in particular also storm-proof, fastening of the at least one formwork panel or the at least one planting panel to the fastening frame.

[0093] The mounting frame can be connected to the facade to be clad using suitable wall anchors or screws. Since this also creates an air-filled cavity between the individual cladding panels or planting panels and the facade, the building's thermal insulation can be improved. Particularly in strong sunlight, excessive heating of the building's facade can be avoided, thus reducing, for example, the building's need for air conditioning.

[0094] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that in the assembled state of the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel, a shadow gap is provided between each pair of vertically adjacent formwork panels and / or planting panels.

[0095] A "shadow gap" within the meaning of the invention is understood to be a horizontal joint between two interconnected formwork panels or planting panels, preferably created by a corresponding bending of the at least one formwork panel or planting panel at the first end or the second end. The shadow gap can be, for example, 1 cm, 2 cm, or 3 cm wide.

[0096] The shadow gap primarily has an aesthetic effect, visually structuring the flat surface of the facade system – apart from the planting panels.

[0097] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one formwork panel and the at least one planting panel are made of aluminium, an aluminium alloy or galvanised sheet steel.

[0098] Aluminum and aluminum alloys are weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant. They are also inexpensive to machine and lightweight.

[0099] A galvanized steel sheet, on the other hand, has comparatively low material costs.

[0100] According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the modular facade system is provided to further comprise at least one lighting module.

[0101] The lighting module is preferably designed as an LED module, since LEDs enable very energy-efficient lighting and are comparatively long-lasting.

[0102] The at least one lighting module can advantageously be arranged on an inside of the box body of the at least one planting panel, as it is at least partially protected from the elements there.

[0103] The external power supply described above can also be used for this purpose.

[0104] The invention further relates to a building construction comprising a modular facade system according to the invention. This results in the advantages already described.

[0105] The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to embodiments shown in the figures.

[0106] They show: Fig. 1. An exemplary and schematic side section through a possible embodiment of two interconnected formwork panels of a modular facade system according to the invention, Fig. 2. An exemplary and schematic side section through another possible embodiment of two interconnected formwork panels of a modular facade system according to the invention, Fig. 3. An exemplary and schematic side section through a possible embodiment of a planting panel of a modular facade system according to the invention, Fig. 4. By way of example and schematically, a lateral section through a possible embodiment of two formwork panels of a modular facade system according to the invention, each connected to a planting panel. Fig. 5. An exemplary and schematic representation of a possible embodiment of a modular facade system on a building structure behind it, Fig. 6. An exemplary and schematic section of a modular facade system according to the invention, Fig. 7 exemplary and schematically different profiles of formwork panels of a modular facade system according to the invention and Fig. 8 a schematic representation of a possible design form of a planting panel.

[0107] Identical objects, functional units, and comparable components are designated across all figures using the same reference symbols. These objects, functional units, and comparable components are identical in their technical characteristics unless explicitly or implicitly stated otherwise in the description.

[0108] Fig. Figure 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a side section through a possible embodiment of two interconnected formwork panels 110, 110' of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention. The two formwork panels 110, 110' are made, for example, of an aluminum alloy, so that they are particularly corrosion-resistant and weatherproof.

[0109] As can be seen, the formwork panels 110, 110' each have a spring-like projection 112, 112' at their first end 111, 111', which is, for example, the upper end. This spring-like projection 112 of the formwork panel 110 is received in a groove-like receptacle 113 at a second end 114', which is, for example, the lower end 114' of the formwork panel 110'. The connection between the formwork panel 110 and the formwork panel 110' shown is designed as a clamping connection.

[0110] Because the groove-like recess 113 of the formwork panel 110' points downwards with its opening, water cannot collect in the recess 113. This largely prevents corrosive effects in the area of ​​the groove-like recess 113.

[0111] As can be seen further, the two formwork panels 110, 110' are curved in such a way that a shadow gap 115 exists between formwork panel 110 and formwork panel 110'. The shadow gap 115 has an aesthetic effect by structuring the otherwise flat surface of the formwork panels 110, 110'.

[0112] The formwork panels 110, 110' are connected to a mounting frame 117, for example, by means of fastening screws 116. As can be seen, the fastening screw 116 and an opening in the formwork panel 110' for the fastening screw 116 are overlapped by the formwork panel 110'. The facade system 100 is therefore watertight and protected against water ingress behind it.

[0113] Fig. Figure 2 shows, by way of example and schematic, a lateral section through another possible embodiment of two interconnected formwork panels 110, 110' of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention.

[0114] The formwork panels 110, 110' are shown only in the area of ​​their first end 111 and their second end 114', where they are connected to each other. The formwork panels 110, 110' of the Fig. 2 differ from the formwork panels 110, 110' of the Fig. 1 by the fact that they do not have a shadow gap 115 but form a largely flat surface.

[0115] Fig. Figure 3a shows, by way of example and schematically, a side section through a possible embodiment of a planting panel 120 of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention. The planting panel 120 is made, for example, of aluminum.

[0116] The planting panel 120 corresponds in length and width, for example, to the formwork panel 110. Fig. 1, so that the planting panel 120 can be connected to the formwork panel 110 to form the facade system 100 according to the invention. The planting panel 120 can be attached to the mounting frame 117 via the fastening screw 116.

[0117] As can be seen, the planting panel 120 has a box body 121 that is open at the top, allowing, for example, substrate or soil for planting to be placed inside the planting panel 120. The open side of the box body 121 also allows for the maintenance of the planted plants. The box body 121 is formed by the base 129, the side walls 127, and the front wall 130. The front wall 130, for example, has a collar 124 that prevents the soil or the planted plants from being blown out, even in strong winds and storms.

[0118] As can be seen further, the floor 129 has a step that separates a lower section 122 from a higher section 123.

[0119] Fig. Figure 3b shows that the lower section 122 is separated from the higher section 123 by a perforated metal insert 125. This allows, for example, plant nutrient-rich granules to be placed in the lower section 22 and potting soil to be placed above them in the higher section 123.

[0120] Also visible is a bracket 126, which is made, for example, of perforated sheet metal and is designed to hold a connecting cable (not shown in Fig. 3) is designed. The connecting line is designed for drip irrigation and can irrigate plant granules. The water dissolves nutrients from the plant granules, which then diffuse with the water into the soil in the higher section 123. Thus, a supply of water and nutrients to the plants in the soil in the higher section 123 is ensured without any further active intervention.

[0121] Fig. Figure 3c shows the planting panel 120 with a side wall 127, so that the interior of the box body 121 is not visible. The side wall 127 has an opening 127' through which the connecting cable can be guided into the interior of the box body and, in particular, through the bracket 126.

[0122] The opposite one, in Fig. 3c, the side wall not shown, also has an opening, for example, to lead the connecting line out of the planting panel 120 and into another planting panel 120.

[0123] For example, the back wall 128, the base 129, the front wall 130, and the collar 124 are made in one piece and formed by bending. The side walls 127, on the other hand, are connected to the planting panel 120 by welding to form the box body 121. To prevent water from leaking from the planting panel 120, the side walls 127 are connected to the planting panel 120 by means of circumferential welds.

[0124] Fig. Figure 4 shows, by way of example and schematically, a side section through a possible embodiment of two formwork panels 110, 110' of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention, each connected to a planting panel 120. The formwork panel 110' is, by way of example, identical to the formwork panel 110' of the Fig. 1. The planting panel 20 is identical to the planting panel 120 of the Fig. 3.

[0125] As can be seen, the planting panel 120 is attached at its upper end 113 by means of a fastening screw 116 to the (in Fig. 4 (not shown) fastening frame connected. The fastening screw 116 simultaneously also fixes the formwork panel 110' at its lower end 111'. Since the fastening screw is arranged in the groove-like receptacle 113', thus creating an overlap of the edge areas of the planting panel 120 and the formwork panel 110', and the groove-like receptacle 113 is concealed, no rainwater can penetrate through the opening in the formwork panel 110' or in the planting panel 120 and get behind the facade system 100.

[0126] At its base, the planting panel 120 clamps the spring-like projection 112" of the formwork panel 110". The formwork panel 110" differs from the formwork panel 110 or 110' by the design of the spring-like projection at its upper end 111. This projection, for example, does not have a curved contour but is completely flat. This makes the formwork panel 110" suitable for being clamped by the planting panel 120 against the mounting frame 117. Since there is also an overlap of the edge areas of the planting panel 120 and the formwork panel 110", no rainwater can penetrate behind the formwork panel 110".

[0127] Fig. Figure 5 shows, by way of example and schematically, a possible embodiment of a modular facade system 100 on a building structure 200 behind it. The building structure 200 is, for example, an office building with a building facade 210 and a roof covering 220.

[0128] The modular facade system 100 comprises a variety of formwork panels 110, which are mounted on a (in Fig. 5 (not shown) fastening frame 117 are arranged. The formwork panels 110 form watertight and watertight surfaces 240 on the building facade 210.

[0129] Furthermore, the modular facade system 100 also includes a variety of planting panels 120, which are also mounted on the (in Fig. 5 (not shown) are arranged on a mounting frame 117. The planting panels 120 form waterproof and watertight surfaces 250 on the building facade 210.

[0130] Furthermore, the multitude of planting panels 120 each has a box body 121 with an interior open in one direction. The interior contains, for example, growing medium for plants and plants planted therein.

[0131] The modular facade system 100 also includes, for example, two downpipes 140, which are designed, for example, as rainwater downpipes 140 and are connected to a gutter 221 of the roof covering 220. Rainwater falling on the roof covering 220 can thus be collected by the gutter 221 and directed to the downpipes 140. Inside each downpipe 140, at the level of the planting panels 120, there is a collection reservoir 141, which is designed to collect water falling downwards in the downpipe 140 until the water level in the collection reservoir 141 reaches an overflow edge 142. Any additional water then flows off over the overflow edge 142.

[0132] About (in Fig. Each collection reservoir 141 is hydraulically connected to the planting panels 120 arranged at the same height by means of 5 connecting lines 160 (not shown). This means that the interiors of the planting panels 120 and the collection reservoirs 140 communicate with each other at the same level. This allows the water collected by the collection reservoirs 140 to be directed into the interiors of the planting panels 120 to irrigate the growing medium. The height of the overflow edges 142 of the collection reservoirs 141 simultaneously determines a maximum water level in the planting panels 120.

[0133] For example, the connecting lines 160 are designed for drip irrigation.

[0134] Finally, the modular facade system shown as an example comprises 100 of the Fig. 5. Also a water supply line 150, which is connected to an external water source, for example to the public drinking water network. The water supply line 150 thus allows one of the downpipes 140 to be supplied with water even when there is no rainfall, so that irrigation of the plants in the planting panels 120 is possible regardless of the weather.

[0135] Fig. Figure 6 shows an exemplary and schematic section of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention. The section shows a downpipe 140 with a collecting reservoir 141, a water supply line 150 with a control device 151, a connecting line 160, a planting panel 120 and a formwork panel 110.

[0136] When rainwater or water supplied via the water inlet 150 falls down the downpipe 140, it is always guided along the inner wall of the downpipe 140 due to the adhesive forces of the water. This allows it to enter the collection reservoir 141, which is designed as an annular body 140, open at the top, encircling the inner circumference of the downpipe 140. The water is retained in the collection reservoir 141 until the water level reaches the overflow edge 142 of the collection reservoir 141 and overflows.

[0137] Simultaneously, the downpipe 140 has an opening 143 through which the connecting pipe 160 is hydraulically connected to the collection reservoir 141. Water collected in the collection reservoir 141 can thus also flow out of the collection reservoir 141 via the connecting pipe 160.

[0138] The connecting pipe 160 carries the water drained from the collection reservoir 141 into the planting panel 120. The collection reservoir thus communicates with the interior of the planting panel 120. Within the planting panel 120, the connecting pipe 160 is perforated and designed for drip irrigation. The planting panel 120 is also filled with plant granules that completely surround the connecting pipe 160. A plant 170 is attached to the plant granules.

[0139] A sensor 161 continuously monitors the moisture and nutrient content of the substrate in the planting panel 120. If the sensor 161 detects that the moisture level in the substrate has fallen below the ideal value for the plant 170, a valve 162 is automatically opened, allowing more water to flow from the collection reservoir 141 into the planting panel 120. When the sensor 161 detects that the substrate has sufficient moisture, the flow is automatically shut off again. For example, the valve 162 is designed as a circular cover 162 that can be rotated within the connecting pipe 160. In its first state, it closes the cross-section of the connecting pipe 160, and in its second state, rotated 90° relative to the first, it opens the cross-section.

[0140] If sensor 161 detects that the moisture level in the substrate has reached an excessively high level, for example due to prolonged, heavy rain, then drainage of the substrate can also occur via connecting pipe 160. The connecting pipe 160, which is perforated in the area of ​​the planting panel 120, then acts as a drainage system, allowing the water to be discharged into the collection reservoir 141. However, due to physical principles, this is only possible as long as the water level in the planting panel 120 is higher than the water level in the collection reservoir 141.

[0141] If sensor 161 detects that the nutrient content in the substrate has fallen below the ideal value for the plant 170, fertilizer is automatically added, for example.

[0142] The fertilizer is supplied, for example, by a dosing pump integrated into the planting panel 120, which has a refillable reservoir of fertilizer. The dosing pump extracts a predetermined amount of fertilizer from the reservoir and releases it into the surrounding substrate. During subsequent watering cycles, the released fertilizer dissolves further until it is evenly distributed throughout the substrate in the planting panel 120.

[0143] Fig. Figure 7 shows, by way of example and schematically, different profiles of formwork panels 110 of a modular facade system 100 according to the invention.

[0144] Fig. Figure 7a shows a possible design of a formwork panel 110, which has a curved, groove-like recess 113 at its first end 111 and a flat, spring-like projection 112, set off by a kink, at its second end 114. The spring-like projection 112 of the in Fig. The formwork panel 110 shown in 7a can be received by a groove-like receptacle 113' of an identical formwork panel 110'.

[0145] Fig. Figure 7b shows another embodiment of a formwork panel 110, which has a groove-like recess 113 at its first end 111, open towards the front and bent at a right angle. At the second end 114, a spring-like projection 112 is arranged, also set off by a bend, but otherwise flat. The spring-like projection 112 of the in Fig. The formwork panel 110 shown in 7b can be received by a groove-like receptacle 113' of an identical formwork panel 110'.

[0146] Fig. Figure 7c shows a further embodiment of a formwork panel 110, which has at its first end 111 a recessed, angled, groove-like receptacle 113. At its second end 114, a similarly recessed, angled, spring-like projection 112 is arranged. The spring-like projection 112 of the Fig. The formwork panel 110 shown in 7b can be received by a groove-like receptacle 113' of an identical formwork panel 110'.

[0147] Fig. Figure 8 shows an example of a schematic representation of a possible design form of a planting panel 120. The planting panel 120 of the Fig. Figure 8 features a superimposed box body 121, which has comparatively low side walls 127 and a similarly low front wall 130. The rear wall 128, on the other hand, corresponds to the height of formwork panels 110, which are connected to the in Fig.The planting panel 120 shown in 8 can be combined, for example, with the facade system 100 according to the invention.

[0148] The base 129 of the exemplary planting panel 120 also has an opening 131. This allows a downpipe 140 to be routed directly through the planting panel 120. The collection reservoir 141 of the downpipe 140 has an overflow edge 142, which is located below the height of the side walls 127 and the front wall 130. A connecting pipe 160 can then be laid directly inside the planting panel 120 from an opening 143 of the downpipe; no distance outside the planting panel 120 needs to be bridged. The connecting pipe 160 is, for example, perforated and suitable for drip irrigation. Reference symbol list 100 facade systems 110, 110', 110" formwork panel 111, 111' first end 112 feather-like protrusion 113, 113' nut-like recording 114, 114' second end 115 Shadow gap 116 Mounting screw 117 Mounting frame 120 planting panels 121 Box bodies 122 Lower section 123 Higher section 124 collars 125 Perforated sheet metal insert 126 bracket 127 side wall 127' Opening 128 Back panel 129 Floor 130 Front wall 131 Opening 140 downpipe, rainwater downpipe 141 Collection reservoir, ring body 142 Overflow edge 143 Opening 150 Water supply line 151 Water supply control unit 160 connecting cable 161 Sensor 162 Valve, lid 200 Building construction 210 Building facade 220 Roof covering 230 gutter 240 area 250 area QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] WO 2020 / 164822 A1

[0006] DE 38 36 437 A1

[0007] EP 3 878 269 A1

[0008] DE 20 2009 014 675 U1

[0009] DE 10 2010 055 884 A1

[0010]

Claims

[1] Modular facade system (100), comprising at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and at least one planting panel (120), wherein the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") has a flat surface and wherein the at least one planting panel (120) has a flat surface with a box body (121) attached thereto, characterized by that the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel (120) can be combined row by row and / or line by line. [2] Modular facade system (100) according to claim 1, characterized by in that the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") has a groove-like receptacle (113, 113') at a first end (111, 111') and a spring-like projection (112) at a second end (114, 114'), wherein the receptacle (113, 113') and the projection (112) are of diametrically opposed design, so that the projection can be received in the receptacle (113, 113'). [3] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by that the modular facade system (100) further comprises at least one downpipe (140) and at least one connecting line (160), wherein the at least one downpipe (140) has at least one collecting reservoir (141) on an inner circumference, wherein the at least one collecting reservoir (141) communicates with the interior of the box body via the at least one connecting line (160). [4] Modular facade system (100) according to claim 3 characterized by that a maximum water level in at least one planting panel (120) can be determined by means of a height of an overflow edge (142) of the at least one collecting reservoir (141). [5] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 3 and 4, characterized bythat the at least one connecting line (160) within the at least one planting panel (120) has openings for drip irrigation. [6] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") has a positioning device at a third end and a counter-positioning device at a fourth end, and wherein the positioning device and the counter-positioning device are designed to be oppositely identical, so that the positioning device and the counter-positioning device can be connected in a locking manner. [7] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by that a plurality of planting panels (120) arranged next to one another can be connected by means of a plurality of connecting lines (160) or a common connecting line (160). [8] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the at least one downpipe (140) and / or the at least one planting panel (120) can be supplied with water by an external water source. [9] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the at least one planting panel (120) has a sensor (161) for determining a substrate moisture and / or for determining a nutrient content in the at least one box body (121). [10] Modular facade system (100) according to claim 9, characterized byin that the modular facade system is designed to automatically carry out watering of a substrate in the at least one planting panel (120) when the substrate moisture falls below a threshold value for the substrate moisture and / or to automatically carry out fertilization of the substrate in the at least one planting panel (120) when the nutrient content of the substrate falls below a threshold value for the nutrient content. [11] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by that connections of the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel (120) to at least one further formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and / or to at least one further planting panel (120) are watertight. [12] Modular facade system (100) according to claim 11, characterized bythat fastening screws (160) and / or fastening bolts for fastening the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") to a facade are covered by a further formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and / or planting panel (120) in an assembled state of the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110"), and that fastening screws (160) and / or fastening bolts for fastening the at least one planting panel (120) to a facade are covered by a further formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and / or planting panel (120) in an assembled state of the at least one planting panel (120). [13] Modular facade system (100) according to claim 12, characterized by that the modular facade system (100) further comprises a fastening frame (117) which is designed so that the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel (120) can be fastened thereto. [14] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by in that, in the assembled state of the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel, a shadow gap (115) is provided between each two vertically adjacent formwork panels (110, 110', 110") and / or planting panels (120). [15] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that the at least one formwork panel (110, 110', 110") and the at least one planting panel (120) are made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy or galvanized sheet steel. [16] Modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by that the modular facade system (100) further comprises at least one lighting module. [17] Building construction (200) comprising a modular facade system (100) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16.

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