Pneumatic vehicle tire and method for its manufacture

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire with a tread and spike holes formed in the tread, in which a spike (2) is formed, wherein the spike (2) has a spike body (12) in which a pin (5) is embedded, wherein the pin (5) projects with a free end (5a) from the spike body (12), wherein the spike body (12) has a rubber body (10) with an upper region (10a) and a lower region (10b), wherein the spike body (12) merges into a foot part (13) with a widening (14). According to the invention, the spike body (12) has a lower region (12a) and an upper region (12b), wherein at least the lower region (12a) of the spike body (12) is formed by a metallic sleeve body (9) which at least partially surrounds or accommodates at least the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10).

Description

The invention relates to a pneumatic vehicle tyre with studs according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing the same.Spike tires, i.e. pneumatic vehicle tires with spikes arranged on the circumferential side, usually have spikes which are manufactured from metal. For this purpose, a spike body of the respective spike normally consists of steel or aluminum, and a pin of the spike, which is accommodated or embedded in the spike body and projects from the latter on the upper side, is normally produced from a hard metal or steel. A harder material is selected for the pin than for the spike body, since the pin penetrates into the ice on the roadway and the forces are transmitted via the latter. The spike body, on the other hand, should be wear-resistant in order to support the pin over the entire service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire.Further developments of such a spike relate to the material of the spike body, which, as described, for example, in EP 3 543 039 B1, consists of a rubber material, which in particular laterally surrounds the pin and also laterally supports it. These spikes have the advantage of better ice performance, improved wear resistance and less road wear (road wear).Both types of studs, i.e. conventional studs with stud bodies made of metal and studs with stud bodies made of rubber, are mechanically connected to the pneumatic vehicle tire and can additionally be chemically connected in order to generate an additional holding force, wherein a method for chemical connection is described, for example, in EP 2 255 959 B1. Accordingly, a dry coating is applied as an adhesion system or an adhesion promoter to the spike body and the spike body is subsequently pressed into prefabricated spike holes in the pneumatic vehicle tire. By induction heating, the dry coating on the spike body is subsequently activated by heat and a chemical bond is thereby produced between the spike body and the pneumatic vehicle tire.In pneumatic vehicle tires having such studs, there is a conflict of goals between ice performance and wear resistance and road wear during operation of the pneumatic vehicle tire. Since there are legal limits for road abrasion, ice performance is limited, in particular for spike bodies made of steel or aluminum. In the case of spikes with spike bodies made of rubber, on the other hand, this conflict of goals is less severe because they produce less road abrasion, but the durability of the spike on the pneumatic vehicle tire deteriorates for such spikes. This increases the risk of losing a spike during the service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire. The reason can be seen in particular in the chemical bond between the rubber material of the spike body and the rubber material of the pneumatic vehicle tire, wherein the adhesion promoter is less resistant in terms of durability in a rubber-rubber connection compared to a metal-rubber connection. Therefore, damage may occur in the chemical bond between the rubber stud body and the pneumatic vehicle tire, which may lead to a loss of the respective stud. Furthermore, damage can also occur in the connection between the pin and the rubber spike body, as a result of which an open connection can form between the two, in which connection sand and dirt can again be deposited. Durability and also wear can thereby be additionally impaired.Further designs of spikes are described, for example, in EP 0 095 007 B1 or GB 190922720A. WO 2002 032 696A1 further describes incorporating a wear-resistant element and / or a plug made of rubber within a metallic spike body without using a metallic pin. EP 0 709 238 A2 provides a cylindrical holder made of copper, which laterally surrounds a disk seat with an upwardly projecting pin and at least partially a hollow-cylindrical bolt. The pin is received in the hollow cylindrical bolt, wherein the hollow cylindrical bolt is made of a ceramic. The disk seat and the pin are both made of an elastic silicone material. RU 2117585 C1 further describes a spike in which a pin is inserted into the spike body and which protrudes with its free end out of the spike body. According to one embodiment, the spike body is made of a rubber ball.The object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic vehicle tire having studs and to specify a method for producing the same, with which the durability of the stud on the pneumatic vehicle tire is increased with constant or improved wear resistance and ice performance and reduced road abrasion.This object is achieved by a pneumatic vehicle tire and a method according to the independent claims. The dependent claims indicate preferred refinements.Accordingly, a pneumatic vehicle tire is provided with a tread and spike holes introduced into the tread, wherein a spike is introduced into the spike holes in each case, wherein the respective spike has a spike body in which a pin is embedded, wherein the pin protrudes with a free end from the spike body in a longitudinal direction, such that the free end protrudes from the tread approximately perpendicularly, preferably by approximately 0.5 mm to 2 mm, wherein the spike body has a rubber body, wherein the rubber body according to one embodiment abuts at least in regions on the tread, and the spike body according to a further embodiment is chemically connected to the tread by a preferably heat-activated adhesion promoter, wherein the spike body on the opposite side of the free end of the pin protrudes into a foot part having a widening, i.e. a radial or plate-like widening, This is transformed to the mechanical anchoring of the respective spike in the spike hole.According to the invention, it is provided that the spike body has a lower region and an upper region, whereinat least the lower region of the spike body is formed by an upwardly open metallic sleeve body which, according to a selected embodiment, is chemically bonded to the tread strip via the preferably heat-activated adhesion promoter and which surrounds or accommodates a lower region of the rubber body at least partially, preferably completely, in the radial direction, andthe upper region of the spike body is formed by an upper region of the rubber body, whereinthe upper region of the rubber body is likewise surrounded at least partially, preferably completely, by the metallic sleeve body in the radial direction, orthe upper region of the rubber body rests flat against the tread at least in regions and is not surrounded by the metallic sleeve body, wherein the upper region of the rubber body can then also be chemically bonded to the tread via the preferably heat-activated adhesion promoter according to one embodiment.The metallic sleeve body can therefore also form only the lower region of the spike body or else the lower region and the upper region of the spike body. In all the embodiments mentioned, a chemical connection can either be formed only between the rubber material of the tread and the metallic sleeve body (entire spike body or only in the lower region) or else between the rubber material of the tread and the metallic sleeve body (in the lower region) on the one hand and the upper region of the rubber body on the other hand. However, it can also be provided that the spike is merely mechanically anchored.Due to the rubber-metal transition at least in the lower region of the stud body (or over the entire stud body) and preferably also at the foot part, a particularly good and wear-resistant chemical connection can be formed between the rubber material of the tread and the respective metallic material if such a chemical connection is provided. This follows from the fact that adhesion promoters used for this purpose can usually form a particularly good adhesion effect in the case of a rubber-metal transition after these have been heat-activated. In this way, the durability of the spike on the pneumatic vehicle tire can thus be ensured and a loss during the service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire can be avoided. Because the spike is formed in its upper region partly by a rubber body, there is less metal surface that contacts the road compared to a spike that is made completely of metal in its upper region. The road abrasion is thus already reduced.In an embodiment in which the upper region of the spike body is not formed by the sleeve body, but merely by the uncovered upper region of the rubber body, the advantage is additionally achieved that the spike body has different boundary surfaces with which it bears two-dimensionally laterally against the tread of the pneumatic vehicle tire in the region of the respective spike hole: firstly a lower outer boundary surface which is formed by the metallic sleeve body or by the wall thereof and which bears against the tread made of a specific material made of rubber (see above), and secondly an upper outer boundary surface which is formed by the upper region of the rubber body and which likewise bears against the tread made of rubber. Therefore, there is a rubber-rubber transition in the upper region of the spike body and a rubber-metal transition in the lower region of the spike body, wherein the heat-activated adhesion promoter ensures a different chemical compound at the respective transition.Furthermore, the rubber body is held or held securely in the sleeve body at least in its lower region (or over the entire spike body), since the latter is filled therein or is surrounded laterally by the sleeve body. In this case, it can preferably be provided that the rubber body is also chemically bonded to the sleeve body via a rubber-metal transition at least in its lower region (or over the entire spike body) via a heat-activated adhesion promoter, in order to achieve an improved adhesion effect.In addition, the pure rubber material in the upper region of the spike body can simultaneously improve the ice performance and the wear resistance and reduce the road abrasion even further, with correspondingly less pronounced conflict of goals. Accordingly, the stud body is not worn much more strongly in the upper region than the tread strip, and lateral holding forces are retained over the entire service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire, so that the adhesion to ice surfaces remains approximately the same over the entire service life. The rubber material of the rubber body can be adapted to the rubber mixture in the tread in order to achieve a corresponding interaction between the two.The pin is preferably made of a hard metal, for example tungsten carbide, which can additionally ensure a correspondingly good ice performance by efficient absorption of forces. The sleeve body, on the other hand, can be made of a softer material, for example aluminum, in order to be able to ensure a good chemical bond via the adhesion promoter and to reduce the weight of the spike.It is preferably further provided that the sleeve body has a wall, the outer side of which abuts the tread, wherein the wall surrounds an interior space of the sleeve body in a radial direction, wherein at least the lower region of the rubber body is arranged in the interior space of the sleeve body and is surrounded towards the outside by the wall of the sleeve body, wherein according to one embodiment a chemical connection is formed between the wall of the sleeve body and at least the lower region of the rubber body, for example by a heat-activated adhesion promoter as an inner coating on the wall. This represents a construction of the sleeve body that is simple to produce, wherein the sleeve body can be formed, for example, as a hollow cylinder. The wall can, however, also deviate from a hollow cylindrical shape.It is preferably further provided that the upper region of the rubber body protrudes upward from the interior of the sleeve body in the longitudinal direction and is therefore not surrounded by the metallic sleeve body. The division into the two regions of the spike body is thus achieved, wherein the entire rubber body can be held by the sleeve body, preferably supported by a chemical compound on the underside to the sleeve body, as described. Additionally, according to one embodiment, there may be a top chemical compound lateral to the tread.It is preferably furthermore provided that a shank of the pin penetrates the rubber body, preferably completely penetrates, so that the pin can be held securely in the spike body. Preferably, it is further provided for this purpose that the rubber body has a central through-opening through which the shaft of the pin runs. Accordingly, the central through-opening can be introduced therein during the production of the spike body or rubber body, so that simple assembly can be ensured by the pin being inserted therein subsequently. However, it can also be provided that the rubber body is constructed or produced around the pin, so that the central through-opening is formed by the pin itself, which is already mounted on the sleeve body, for example.It is preferably furthermore provided that the shank of the pin is chemically connected to the rubber body, preferably via the heat-activated adhesion promoter. As a result, the pin can also be held securely and permanently on the spike body and additional stability can also be imparted to the rubber body. This also has an effect on the durability of the spike on the vehicle tire.Preferably, it is further provided that the pin comprises a flange at a flange end opposite the free end, which flange is connected to the free end of the pin via the shaft, wherein the flange is fastened to a bottom of the sleeve body or the flange is integrated in the bottom of the sleeve body. This creates a transition between the pin and the sleeve body, by means of which the pin can be held securely and firmly on the spike or the embedding of the spike can be secured over the entire service life.It is preferably further provided that, in the case that the flange is fastened to the bottom of the sleeve body, the pin is inserted with its shaft through a central opening in the bottom of the sleeve body and the flange is received in a recess in the bottom. This can prevent the pin from slipping out of the sleeve body and the rubber body or ensure a firm permanent connection of the pin. Holding the pin can additionally be supported by the shank of the pin being chemically connected to the rubber body according to one embodiment.It is preferably further provided that the recess is arranged on an underside of the base in the region around the central opening, wherein the recess reproduces the contour of the flange such that the flange received therein and the base of the sleeve body terminate flush with one another on the underside. As a result, the flange does not protrude from the base of the sleeve body, so that a smooth connecting surface is provided in the foot region of the spike, via which a optimized chemical connection to the tread can be formed.Preferably, it is further provided that a transition runs circumferentially between the lower region of the rubber body and the upper region of the rubber body, in particular a step, wherein the rubber body in the region of the transition bears against an upper end face of the sleeve body and / or is supported thereon. This allows a flush transition between the upper region and the lower region laterally of the spike body, insofar as the upper region of the rubber body is not surrounded by the sleeve body or the sleeve body is not extended in the longitudinal direction over the entire spike body.It is preferably further provided that a clear lower diameter that the spike body assumes in its lower region corresponds to a clear upper diameter that the upper region of the spike body and also the upper region of the rubber body assume, such that the lower region of the spike body and the upper region of the spike body merge flush into one another, and wherein a clear foot diameter of the foot part, which is preferably formed by the widening, is greater than the clear lower diameter that the spike body assumes in its lower region. Accordingly, the foot diameter is dimensioned by appropriate formation of the widening in such a way that an appropriate mechanical anchoring by form-fitting or clamping in the correspondingly shaped spike hole is made possible. The two regions of the spike body then merge into one another in the upward direction in order to avoid edges and to provide smooth surfaces and therefore to optimize the chemical bonding process. The cross section of the spike (in the radial direction) is not necessarily circular, so that a clear diameter can also be used. The respective regions can also deviate from a cylindrical shape (outer side) and can also be designed, for example, to be conical or corrugated.According to the invention, a method for producing a pneumatic vehicle tire having a plurality of studs is also provided, in particular a pneumatic vehicle tire according to the invention, having at least the following steps:providing a pneumatic vehicle tire having a tread and a plurality of spike holes introduced into the tread and having a specific mating contour;providing or producing a plurality of metallic sleeve bodies, which each also form at least one lower region of a spike body of the respective spike and which each merge into a foot part with a widening, wherein the partial contours of the lower region of the spike body and of the foot part are preferably matched to the mating contour of the respective spike hole;filling or inserting a rubber body into the respective sleeve body in such a way thatthe respective sleeve body surrounds or receives at least a lower region of the rubber body in order to form the lower region of the spike body of the respective spike with the lower outer boundary surface, andan upper region of the rubber body is likewise surrounded by the metallic sleeve body, oran upper portion of the rubber body protrudes from the respective sleeve body in the longitudinal direction and is therefore not surrounded by the respective sleeve body in order to form an upper portion of the spike body of the respective spike with the upper outer boundary surface;inserting or embedding a pin in the spike body of the respective spike, wherein the pin protrudes with a free end in the longitudinal direction from the spike body of the respective spike, wherein the pin is embedded in the spike body formed thereby during the filling or inserting of the rubber body into the respective sleeve body or thereafter;optionally coating at least the spike body of the respective spike, preferably only in the lower region of the spike body which is surrounded by the sleeve body, or both in the lower region and in the upper region, and preferably also of the foot part, with an adhesion promoter;inserting or pressing or installing the respective spike with the at least partially coated spike body into the respective spike hole in such a way that the free end of the pin protrudes from the tread approximately perpendicularly by, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm;optional heat treatment of the respectively introduced or pressed-in spike in order to activate the adhesion promoter optionally present at least on the spike body and preferably also on the foot part and to form a chemical bond at least between the spike body and preferably also between the foot part and the tread.In this way, the respective spike with the described advantages can be formed in a simple manner and can be mechanically and chemically connected to the pneumatic vehicle tire in the tread.It is preferably also provided that the pin is also coated with an adhesion promoter before it is introduced or embedded in the spike body of the respective spike, so that during the heat treatment of the respectively introduced or pressed-in spike, the adhesion promoter is also activated at the pin and a chemical bond is formed between the pin and the spike body. It can also be provided that the respective sleeve body is coated on the inside with an adhesion promoter before the rubber body is filled or introduced into the sleeve body, so that during the heat treatment of the respectively introduced or pressed-in spike, the adhesion promoter on the sleeve body is also activated and a chemical bond is formed between the sleeve body and the rubber body (depending on the embodiment, only on the underside or over the entire spike body). As a result, the pin can be held even more securely on the spike body or the rubber body in the sleeve body even more securely and the stability can be improved.It is preferably furthermore provided that the filling or introduction of the rubber body into the respective sleeve body takes place in such a way that a central through-opening is left in the rubber body or a central through-opening is subsequently introduced into the rubber body, and a shank of the pin is inserted through this central through-opening in such a way that the free end of the pin protrudes at the top from the central through-opening, wherein the pin is preferably inserted through a central opening in a base of the sleeve body until a flange of the pin lies in a recess in the base. Alternatively, it can be provided that the rubber body is built up or produced around the pin during the filling or introduction of the rubber body into the respective sleeve body, so that the central through-opening is formed by the pin itself, which is already mounted on the sleeve body, for example, before the filling of the rubber body. This enables in each case simple mounting or embedding of the pin on the spike body.It is preferably further provided that the filling or introduction of the rubber body into the respective sleeve body takes place in such a way that at least the lower region of the rubber body is arranged in an interior space of the sleeve body, which is bounded laterally in the radial direction by a wall of the sleeve body and downwards by a base of the sleeve body. This ensures the secure hold of the rubber body on the sleeve body, which can be assisted by a chemical bond between the two, and enables the rubber-metal transition to the rubber material of the vehicle tire at least in the lower region of the spike body.In the drawings, there are shown: FIG. 1 shows a detail of a tire profile of a pneumatic vehicle tire having a plurality of studs; FIG. 2 shows a detail view of the spike according to FIG. 1 in a first embodiment; and FIG. 3 shows a further detailed view of the spike according to a further embodiment; and FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention.FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a pneumatic vehicle tire 1, in particular a pneumatic vehicle tire, which rolls on a subgrade U and which has a plurality of spikes 2 distributed over its circumference. A spike 2 is understood here to mean a type of pin or bolt which, as illustrated, is inserted into the profiled tread 1 aof the pneumatic vehicle tire 1 and is anchored therein. For this purpose, during the production of the pneumatic vehicle tire 1, a plurality of spike holes 3 are introduced in the tread 1 ain a known manner, into which the respective spike 2 is mechanically pressed. Subsequently, the pneumatic vehicle tire 1 and the pressed-in spike 2 are connected to one another chemically or in a materially integral manner by means of an adhesion promoter 4. The adhesion promoter 4 is preferably a dry adhesion promoter 4, for example Parlock, Chemlock or Chemsil, with which the spike 2 is coated before it is pressed into the respective spike hole 3. After the spike 2 has been pressed into the respective spike hole 3, the adhesion promoter 4 is activated by a targeted heat treatment in order to form the chemical compound.As shown in a detailed view in FIG. 2, each spike 2 has a pin 5 running in the longitudinal direction X, which protrudes or projects from the tread strip 1 awith its free end 5 ain the state pressed into the respective spike hole 3. At a flange end 5 b, which is opposite the free end 5 a, the pin 5 has a flange 6, which is connected to the free end 5 aof the pin 5 via a shank 7 running in the longitudinal direction X.The pin 5 projects through a base 8 of a sleeve body 9 which is open towards the top, so that the shank 7 runs centrally through an interior 9 aof the sleeve body 9, preferably coaxially thereto, and projects from the latter at the top. For this purpose, the pin 5 with its shank 7 is inserted with an exact fit within a tolerance through a central opening 8 ain the base 8 of the sleeve body 9, and the flange 6 lies with an exact fit within a tolerance in a recess 8 bin the base 8, the recess 8 bis located on an underside 8 cof the base 8 in the region around the opening 8 aand forms the contour of the flange 6 such that the flange 6 located therein and the base 8 of the sleeve body 9 terminate flush with one another on the underside.The entire pin 5 and the sleeve body 9 are both made of a metallic material. Preferably, the pin 5 is made of a hard metal, for example steel, preferably tungsten carbide, and the sleeve body 9 is made of a softer metallic material, for example aluminum. However, both elements 5, 9 can also be manufactured from a hard metal. In order to be able to efficiently absorb and dissipate the forces from the ice on the substrate U, however, it is provided that at least the pin 5 is made of hard metal. According to an embodiment which is not shown, the pin 5 and the sleeve body 9 can also be manufactured integrally or in one piece, so that the shank 7 merges in one piece into the base 8 of the sleeve body 9, so that the base 8 simultaneously also forms the flange 6.As is likewise evident in FIG. 2, a rubber body 10 is filled into the interior 9 aof the sleeve body 9, wherein a lower region 10 aof the rubber body 10 lies within the sleeve body 9, i.e. is surrounded outwards in the radial direction R (with respect to the spike 2) by the sleeve-shaped wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9. A chemical bond can be formed between the lower region 10 aof the filled-in rubber body 10 and the sleeve-shaped wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9, for example via a heat-activated adhesion promoter, in order to improve durability. An upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10 projects in the longitudinal direction X out of the interior 9 aof the sleeve body 9 and is therefore no longer surrounded in the radial direction R (with respect to the spike 2) outwards by the sleeve body 9 or its wall 9 b. In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the sleeve body 9 can also extend further upward in the longitudinal direction X and thereby also radially enclose the upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10.The upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10 has an upper diameter Db, which in the illustrated enclosed embodiment is larger than an inner diameter Da of the lower region 10 aof the rubber body 10.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the transition 11 is formed by a circumferential step 11 a. In the region of the transition 11 with the step 11 a, the rubber body 10 rests on a horizontal upper end face 9 cof the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 or is supported thereon, with the result that an outer side 9 dof the wall 9 band an upper outer side 10 cof the rubber body 10, i.e. the outer side in the upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10, end flush with one another. If the transition 11 is not step-shaped, but rather is designed, for example, as a linearly rising or rounded flank, as is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 3, the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 can be designed to be correspondingly complementary to the transition 11 toward the end face 9 c, such that the rubber body 10 can bear flat against the sleeve body 9 at the transition 11 and a flush termination without air inclusions can be ensured.The rubber body 10 also has a central through-opening 10 d, through which the shank 7 of the pin 5 runs, wherein the free end 5 aof the pin 5 protrudes at the top from the central through-opening 10 d. The pin 5 or the shaft 7 is also provided with an adhesion promoter 4 which establishes a chemical connection between the shaft 7 and the rubber body 10 by a thermal activation. An upper side 10 eof the rubber body 10 lies approximately between 0.5 mm and 2 mm below the free end 5 aof the pin 5, wherein the upper side 10 eter the state of the spike 2 pressed into the spike hole 3 terminates flush with a surface 1 bof the tread strip 1 a, as indicated in FIG. 1. The pin 5 or the free end 5a therefore projects (in the unworn state) around the latter from the tread 1a by between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.The spike 2 according to the invention therefore has a spike body 12 which is formed by the sleeve body 9 and the rubber body 10, wherein the pin 5 is embedded in this spike body 12 and the free end 5 aof the pin 5 protrudes from the latter on the top side. The spike body 12 then has, corresponding to the subdivision of the rubber body 10, a lower region 12 awhich is formed by the lower region 10 aof the rubber body 10 and the wall 9 bof the metallic sleeve body 9.The spike body 12 merges on the underside into a foot part 13 of the spike 2, which is formed in particular by the base 8 of the sleeve body 9 with the flange 6 of the pin 5 received therein, wherein the base 8 has, towards the outside in the radial direction R (with respect to the spike 2), an widening 14, which runs at the foot part 13 preferably over the full circumference around the spike 2. Since the base 8 is a component of the sleeve body 9 and the widening 14 is preferably an integral or one-piece component of the base 8 itself, the foot part 13 is substantially likewise produced from the softer metallic material of the sleeve body 9, for example from aluminum. At most, the flange 6 of the pin 5 received in the foot region 13 is then made of hard metal.A (clear) foot diameter Dc of the foot part 13 widened in this way is greater than a (clear) lower diameter Dd that the spike body 12 assumes in its lower region 12 a. By means of such a widening 14, a secure mechanical anchoring in the spike hole 3 can be ensured. According to the embodiment shown, the lower diameter Dd also corresponds at the same time to the (clear) upper diameter Db that the upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10 (and in this embodiment also the upper region 12 bof the spike body 12) assumes. In principle, however, the upper diameter Db could also be greater than the lower diameter Dd. In addition, the contour of the spike body 12 in the upper and lower regions 12 a, 12 bmay also deviate from a cylindrical shape (as illustrated). Thus, conical or corrugated or curved contours can also be provided, to which the counter contour of the spike hole 3 is then correspondingly adapted.The different materials of the spike body 12 in a two-part embodiment, i.e. with a metallic lower outer boundary surface Ga (in the lower region 12 aof the spike body 12) formed by the metallic wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 and with an upper outer boundary surface Gb (in the upper region 12 bof the spike body 12) made of rubber formed by the upper region 10 bof the rubber body 10, result in the following advantages:If the spike 2 is anchored in the spike hole 3 in the tread 1a, the spike body 12 liesin its lower region 12a with its metallic lower outer boundary surface Ga on the rubber material of the tread 1a, andin its upper region 12b with its rubberized upper outer boundary surface Ga abutting the rubber material of the tread 1a. Furthermore, the metallic foot part 13 of the stud 2 abuts the rubber material of the tread 1a.The spike body 12 and the foot part 13 are coated with the adhesion promoter 4, which, after the insertion and mechanical anchoring in the spike hole 3, is activated by heat in such a way that a cohesive or a chemical connection is produced between the spike body 12 or the foot part 13 and the tread 1 a. In this case, a particularly good and wear-resistant chemical bond is formed between the rubber material of the tread 1 aand the respective metallic material in the lower region 12 aof the spike body 12 and on the foot part 13, since the adhesion promoter 4 is designed or optimized for such a rubber-metal bond. In this way, the durability of the spike 2 on the pneumatic vehicle tire 1 is ensured and a loss during the service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire 1 is avoided.At the same time, the pure rubber material in the upper region 12 bof the spike body 12 can improve the ice performance and the wear resistance at the same time and reduce the road abrasion, with correspondingly less pronounced conflict of goals. Accordingly, the spike body 12 is not worn much more strongly than the tread 1a in the upper region 12b, and lateral holding forces are maintained over the entire service life of the pneumatic vehicle tire 1, so that the adhesion to ice surfaces remains approximately the same. The pin 5 made of hard metal additionally ensures a correspondingly good ice performance by efficient absorption of forces.In a method according to the invention, which is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 4, the following process steps for producing such a pneumatic vehicle tire 1 are provided:First, in an initial step ST 0, a pneumatic vehicle tire 1 is provided with a plurality of spike holes 3 having a specific mating contour, said spike holes being introduced distributed over the circumference of the tread 1 a. The pneumatic vehicle tire 1 provided is produced in a conventional manner in a vulcanization process, wherein the stud holes 3 are formed during the vulcanization of the green tire by correspondingly shaped protrusions in the vulcanization mold with the mating contour.In a first step ST 1, the sleeve body 9 is then produced and provided with a wall 9 band with the base 8 and the widening 14 which form the foot part 13, wherein the sleeve body 9 has an interior 9 awhich is delimited by the wall 9 b. The wall 9 band the foot part 13 are formed with a specific partial contour which matches the counter contour of the spike hole 3 in its lower region, wherein the counter contour does not exactly correspond or must correspond to the partial contour.In a second step ST 2, the inner space 9 aof the sleeve body 9 is filled with a rubber material deep to the bottom, which forms the rubber body 10. The rubber body 10 is surrounded in its lower region 10 aby the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 or, in its lower region 10 a, rests against the wall 9 bfrom the inside and also touches the base 8 of the sleeve body 9. In addition, the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 can be coated with an adhesion promoter 4 from the inside before the rubber material is introduced.At the same time, a central through-opening 10 dis left in the rubber body 10 or is introduced therein subsequently, so that in a third step ST 3 the shank 7 of the pin 5 can be inserted through this central through-opening 10 din such a way that the free end 5 aof the pin 5 protrudes at the top from the central through-opening 10 d. This is preferably done from below by the pin 5 being inserted through the central opening 8a in the base 8, which is aligned with the central through-opening 10d, until the flange 6 of the pin 5 lies with an exact fit in the recess 8b in the base 8. The pin 5, in particular the shank 7, is in this case preferably coated beforehand with the adhesion promoter 4 and then pressed or pressed into the central through-opening 10 d, for example, while forming a press fit, in order to hold it securely therein. Alternatively, the pin 5 can already be fastened to the sleeve body 9 beforehand, so that the rubber material forming the rubber body 10 lies around the shank 7 of the already assembled pin 5 (coated with the adhesion promoter 4) and the central through-opening 10 dis formed thereby, and the pin 5 is already positioned in the central through-opening 10 dduring production.In a fourth step ST 4, the spike 2, i.e. in particular the spike body 12 in its lower region 12 aand optionally also in its upper region 12 band the foot part 13, is also coated with the adhesion promoter 4, wherein this can be, for example, the same adhesion promoter 4 as on the shank 7 of the pin 7 and on the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9. Subsequently, in a fifth step ST 5, the application or installation of the coated spike 2 into the previously applied spike hole 3 in the tread 1 atakes place, so that a mechanical anchoring takes place.In a sixth step ST 6, a heat treatment then follows, for example in an autoclave or by induction heating, in order to activate the adhesion promoter or promoters 4 between the spike 2 and the tread 1 aand also between the shank 7 of the pin 5 and the rubber body 10 and also between the wall 9 bof the sleeve body 9 and the rubber body 10 and thus form a chemical bond between the respective bond partners. During the heat treatment, the environment around the anchored spike 2 is brought to a temperature of between 90° C. and 180° C. for a short period of time (e.g. between one second and 10 minutes) of between one second and several seconds.Subsequently, the pneumatic vehicle tire 1 is finished with further steps.List of reference characters1 Vehicle tyre 1a Tread of the vehicle tyre 1 1b Surface of the tread 1a 2 Spike 3 Spike hole 4 Adhesion promoter 5 Pin 5a Free end of the pin 5 5b Flange end 6 Flange 7 Shank 8 Base of the sleeve body 9 8a Central opening in the base 8 8b Cutout in the base 8 8c Underside of the base 8 9 Sleeve body 9a Interior of the sleeve body 9 9b Wall of the sleeve body 9c Upper end side of the wall 9b 9d Outer side of the wall 9b 10 Rubber body 10a Lower region of the rubber body 10 10b Upper region of the rubber body 10 10c Upper outer side of the rubber body 10d Central through opening 10e Upper side of the rubber body 10 11 Transition 11a Step 12 Spike body 12a Lower region of the spike body 12 12 bfirst region of spike body 12 13 root part 14 widening Da inner diameter Dbfirst diameter Dcfoot diameter Ddsecond diameter Gasecond outer boundary surface Gbfirst outer boundary surface R radial direction U underlying surface X longitudinal directionReferences included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedEP 3 543 039 B1

[0003] EP 2 255 959 B1

[0004] EP 0 095 007 B1

[0006] GB 190922720A

[0006] WO 2002 032 696A1

[0006] EP 0 709 238 A2

[0006] RU 2117585 C1

[0006]

Claims

Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) having a tread (1a) and spike holes (3) introduced into the tread (1a), wherein a spike (2) is introduced in each case into the spike holes (3), wherein the respective spike (2) has a spike body (12), in which a pin (5) is embedded, wherein the pin (5) projects from the spike body (12) with a free end (5a) in a longitudinal direction (X) such that the free end (5a) projects from the tread (1a), wherein the spike body (12) has a rubber body (10) with an upper region (10a) and a lower region (10b), wherein the spike body (12) merges into a foot part (13) having a widening (14) for anchoring the respective spike (2) in the spike hole (3), characterized in that, the spike body (12) having a lower region (12a) and an upper region (12b), wherein at least the lower region (12a) of the spike body (12) is formed by a metallic sleeve body (9) which at least partially surrounds or accommodates at least the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper region (12a) of the stud body (12) is formed by the upper region (10b) of the rubber body (10), --- the metallic sleeve body (9) also forming the upper region (12a) of the stud body (12) and also the upper region (10b) of the rubber body (10) being at least partially surrounded by the metallic sleeve body (9), or --- the upper region (10b) of the rubber body (10) bearing flat against the tread (1a) at least in regions and not being surrounded in the process by the metallic sleeve body (9), the upper region (10b) of the rubber body (10) preferably being chemically connected to the tread (1a).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve body (9) has a wall (9b), the outer side (9d) of which bears against the tread (1a), wherein the wall (9b) surrounds an interior space (9a) of the sleeve body (9), wherein at least the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10) is arranged in the interior space (9a) of the sleeve body (9) and is surrounded outwards by the wall (9b) of the sleeve body (9), wherein preferably at least the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10) is chemically bonded to the wall (9b) of the sleeve body (9) and / or the wall (9b) of the sleeve body (9) is chemically bonded to the tread (1a), for example via an adhesion promoter (4).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the upper region (10b) of the rubber body (10) projects upwards in the longitudinal direction (X) from the interior space (9a) of the sleeve body (9).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shank (7) of the pin (5) penetrates the rubber body (10), preferably completely penetrates.Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the rubber body (10) has a central through opening (10d), through which the shank (7) of the pin (5) runs.Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the shank (7) of the pin (5) is chemically connected to the rubber body (10).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the pin (5) has, at a flange end (5b) which is opposite the free end (5a), a flange (6) which is connected via the shank (7) to the free end (5a) of the pin (5), wherein the flange (6) is fastened to a base (8) of the sleeve body (9) or the flange (6) is integrated in the base (8) of the sleeve body (9).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that, in the event that the flange (6) is fastened to the base (8) of the sleeve body (9), the pin (5) is inserted with its shank (7) through a central opening (8a) in the base (8) of the sleeve body (9) and the flange (6) is accommodated in a cutout (8b) in the base (8).Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the cutout (8b) is arranged on an underside (8c) of the base (8) in the region around the central opening (8a), wherein the cutout (8b) reproduces the contour of the flange (6) in such a way that the flange (6) accommodated therein and the base (8) of the sleeve body (9) terminate flush with one another on the underside.Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transition (11), in particular a step (11a), runs circumferentially between the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10) and the upper region of the rubber body (10b), wherein the rubber body (10) bears against an upper end face (9c) of the sleeve body (9) in the region of the transition (11) and / or is supported thereon.Pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lower diameter (Dd) which the spike body (12) assumes in its lower region (12a) corresponds to an upper diameter (Db) which the upper region (12b) of the spike body (12) assumes, such that the lower region (12a) of the spike body (12) and the upper region (12b) of the spike body (12) merge flush into one another, and wherein a foot diameter (Dc) of the foot part (13) is greater than the lower diameter (Dd) which the spike body (12) assumes in its lower region (12a).Method for producing a pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) having a plurality of studs (2), in particular a pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) according to one of the preceding claims, having at least the following steps: - providing a pneumatic vehicle tyre (1) having a tread (1a) and a plurality of stud holes (3) (ST0) introduced into the tread (1a); - providing or producing a plurality of metallic sleeve bodies (9) (ST1) which each also form at least one lower region (12a) of a stud body (12) of the respective stud (2) and which each merge into a foot part (13) having a widening (14); filling or inserting a rubber body (10) into the respective sleeve body (9) (ST 2) in such a way that the respective sleeve body (9) surrounds or accommodates at least a lower region (10 a) of the rubber body (10) in order to form the lower region (12 a) of the spike body (12) of the respective spike (2), inserting or embedding a pin (5) into the spike body (12) of the respective spike (2) (ST 3), wherein the pin (5) protrudes with a free end (5 a) in the longitudinal direction (X) out of the spike body (12) of the respective spike (2); inserting or installing the respective spike (2) with the spike body (12) into the respective spike hole (3) (ST5) in such a way that the free end (5a) of the pin (5) protrudes from the tread (1a).Method according to claim 13, characterised in that the pin (5) is coated with an adhesion promoter (4) before it is introduced or embedded in the spike body (12) of the respective spike (2), and / or the respective metallic sleeve body (9) is coated on the inside with an adhesion promoter (4) before the rubber body (10) is introduced or introduced into the respective sleeve body (9), and / or the spike body (12) is coated on the outside at least partially with an adhesion promoter (4) before the spike (2) is introduced or installed in the spike hole (2), so that during a subsequent heat treatment of the respectively introduced or installed spike (2) (ST6), the adhesion promoter (4) is activated on the pin (5) and / or on the metallic sleeve body (9) and / or on the spike body (12) and a chemical connection is formed between the pin (5) and the spike body (12) and / or between the respective metallic sleeve body (9) and the rubber body (10) and / or between the spike body (12) and the tread (1a).Method according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the rubber body (10) is introduced or introduced into the respective sleeve body (9) (ST2) in such a way that a central through-opening (10d) is left in the rubber body (10) or a central through-opening (10d) is introduced subsequently into the rubber body (10), and a shank (7) of the pin (5) is inserted through this central through-opening (10d) in such a way that the free end (5a) of the pin (5) protrudes at the top from the central through-opening (10d); or the pin (5) is arranged on the sleeve body (9) before the rubber body (10) is introduced or introduced into the respective sleeve body (9), such that the introduced or introduced rubber body (10) lies around the shank (7) of the pin (5) and the central through-opening (10d) is thereby formed, in which the pin (5) is positioned such that the free end (5a) of the pin (5) protrudes at the top from the central through-opening (10d).Method according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the rubber body (10) is introduced or introduced into the respective sleeve body (9) (ST2) in such a way that at least the lower region (10a) of the rubber body (10) is arranged in an interior space (9a) of the sleeve body (9) which is bounded laterally by a wall (9b) of the sleeve body (9) and downwards by a base (8) of the sleeve body (9).

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