Electrical energy storage for power grids and electric vehicles

Abstract

Electrical energy storage for power grids and electric vehicles The idea of ​​an electrical energy storage system is based on the design of at least one resonant circuit with a parallel-connected capacitor and a coil made of superconducting materials, in which the input energy from current, voltage and frequency, e.g. from overproduction, at a corresponding sub-zero temperature, e.g. -80°C, continues to oscillate in resonance at the same strength with virtually no loss, until, by means of the switched transformer (10), this energy can be immediately fed back into the grid via the grid connection (20) to support the grid, e.g. during so-called "dark phases of green electricity generation".

Description

[0001] The electrical energy storage system presented here is a non-mechanical, decentralized alternative to pumped-storage power plants. Utilizing the electrical phenomenon of superconductivity in special metal alloys at T=<-80°C, the input electrical energy is stored as three-phase current in an oscillating circuit (1) with a capacitor (12) and a coil (13) made of superconducting materials, oscillating virtually losslessly at a constant frequency, voltage, and current. This also enables direct, rapid feedback to the power grid (20) for backup purposes. The operating chamber (2) is vacuum-sealed to prevent voltage surges.

[0002] In the underground operating room (2) located at a depth of approximately 20 m, which is completely sealed and protected against heat loss by approximately 1 m thick Styrodur insulation, there are at least one or, depending on the stored energy in MWh, e.g. 10 resonant circuits (1) per phase R, S and T, arranged in parallel in the iron yoke (14).The energy (10) is fed in and out of the power grid (20) by means of inductive transmission (10) through a magnetically permeable, austenitic separating sheet (16) by means of a split transformer (10) per phase, whereby the primary transformer coil inside is one of the resonant circuit coils on the iron yoke (14), while the secondary transformer coil (15) outside the operating room represents the connection to the grid, which is separated by the austenitic = magnetically permeable metal sheet (16), corresponding to an air gap, sits on its own iron yoke (15) and is short-circuited in the full storage state by means of the adjusting slide (11) arranged here for the transformer (10) transformation ratio.

[0003] Also located underground, directly above the operating room (2), are the vacuum supply (5) and the coolant supply (6) for the superconductors (18). The control room (7), located above ground level, provides the general electrical power supply and emergency power supply (9), as well as the connection to the power grid (20). Access to the passenger elevator (8) and the material elevator (21), which lead to the access locks (4), is provided via the access road (19).

[0004] Assuming positive advances in research into superconducting materials, three-phase superconducting power transmission could also be considered possible today. This purely electrical energy storage system, with its much smaller space requirements and the weight of the construction materials, would allow for the storage of enormous MWh of energy compared to a pumped-storage power plant, as the following rough calculation shows: For a storage energy of approximately 300 MW x 1 hour, a grid voltage of approximately 110 kV results in an initial phase current of approximately 1140 A. Approximately 2 10^8 A continuously flows back and forth in the resonant circuit at 50 Hz. Each phase is assumed to have approximately 10 parallel resonant circuits, each with a capacitance of approximately 5.9 F and an inductance of approximately 1.7 10^-6 H.

[0005] Also worth mentioning in this context is the range bottleneck in electric car batteries, which would be solved with an adapted electrical energy storage system. IllustrationFig.1: Section AB

[0006] shows the underground construction of the building structure of the energy storage, e.g. made of concrete, with the totally heat-insulated operating room (2) (3) with the vacuum, e.g. 0 bar, which is supplied by the pressure supply system (5) as well as with temperature, e.g. -80°C, from the cooling supply system (6) also arranged inside the building, to constantly maintain the necessary cooling in the materials of the oscillating circuits (1) (18) for the lossless current superconductivity

[0007] Material transport is carried out by elevator (21) and personnel transport by elevator (8), as well as through the access locks (4) into the plant rooms. The technical management and monitoring of the plant is carried out from the control room (7), where the electrical supply to the plant, including the emergency power supply (9), and the connection to the grid connection (20) are also established.

[0008] This advantageously achieves the storage of much larger amounts of energy in the oscillating circuits in that the large current intensities of the stored three-phase current can be fed back to the network immediately, virtually without loss, at the same frequency in small cable cross-sections, oscillating in resonance and strengthening the network by means of the inductively operating transformer (10) from the operating room (2) via the existing network connection (20) in a decentralized manner to the weak points in the public supply network. Fig. 2: View E

[0009] From the outside, access (19) to the system and to the lifts (8) and (21) as well as the central network connection (20) to the center of the operating room (2) to the oscillating circuits (1) is provided. Fig.3 Section CD

[0010] Here, the heart of the energy storage system is shown in the operating space (2) (3) with the resonant circuits (1) (17) consisting of superconducting capacitors (12) and coils (13), as well as the arrangement of the split transformers (10) on the inner iron yokes (14) with a superconducting coil and the outer ones (15) with a conventional copper coil for the connection to the power grid (20), whereby the required feed-in and feed-out transformer ratios are set using the slider (11). The inductive transmission of the feed-in energy through the transformer (10) (15) into the operating space (2) (14) to the resonant circuits (17) takes place according to the invention via the thinnest possible, magnetically permeable partition (16), which, however, must also withstand the pressure difference to the vacuum. List of designations Pos.1 Resonant circuits with coil and capacitor Pos.2 Operating room in vacuum and at minus temperature of - 80° C Pos.3 Underground concrete casing completely thermally insulated on the outside Pos.4 Tightly closing access locks Pos.5 Vacuum supply of the operating room Pos.6 Cooling system supply with own emergency power supply Pos.7 Control room with control and switching units and measuring technology Pos.8 Passenger elevator Pos.9 Electrical power supply with emergency power system Pos.10 Split transformer for inductive supply and discharge of energy Pos.11 Slider for feed-in transformer ratio Pos.12 Capacitor Pos.13 Coil Pos.14 Common iron yoke with Pos.17 and primary transformer coil of (10), inside Pos,15 Separate iron yoke with secondary transformer coil of (10), external Pos.16 Magnetically permeable partition seals operating room Pos.17 if necessary 10 parallel resonant circuits (1) per network - phase R, S, T Pos.18 Cavity superconductor, internally liquid-cooled Pos.19 Access Pos. 20 Mains connection Pos. 21 Material elevator

Claims

[1] Electrical energy storage for power grids and electric vehicles The idea of ​​an electrical energy storage device is based on the design of at least one oscillating circuit with a capacitor connected in parallel and a coil made of superconducting materials, in which the introduced energy from current, voltage and frequency, e.g. from overproduction, at a corresponding negative temperature, e.g. -80°C, continues to oscillate as an oscillating circuit in resonance with virtually no loss at the same strength, until by means of the switched transformer (10) this energy can be returned directly via the grid connection (20) to support the grid, e.g. during so-called "dark phases of green power generation". [2] Electrical energy storage for power grids and electric vehicles according to claim 1) These energy storage systems represent a non-mechanical, decentralized and locally erected alternative to the previously known pumped storage power plants, hydrogen gas storage facilities and battery systems, which, however, are not yet available with the same achievable input power. The new electrical energy storage systems presented here, in a compact underground block construction, hermetically sealed and totally thermally insulated, require little space above ground and could also be erected near residential areas. This is particularly true when used in electric vehicles in an adapted, car-like design, e.g.Only in manageable metal and plastic versions, there are particularly significant advantages in terms of weight, much faster recharging, a larger radius of action as well as in maintenance, repair and the avoidance of the dangerous fire hazard of a lithium battery. [3] Electrical energy storage device for power grids and electric vehicles according to one of the preceding claims. The stationary larger units of the same design could be integrated directly locally and automatically compensate for the widespread power grid fluctuations and the manufacturing costs would be reduced due to the higher number of units to be built. The underground construction at a depth of approximately 15 m allows simple measures to maintain the operating conditions in the operating room with vacuum and total thermal insulation to maintain the necessary minus room temperature. [4] Electrical energy storage device for power grids and electric vehicles according to one of the preceding claims. According to the invention, the resonant circuits (1) are made from normal current conductor pieces (18) and the coil (13) from a drawn tube in the required dimensions of superconducting material, just as the capacitor (12) is likewise made from this superconducting tube material in the same dimensions and advantageously, for example, only receives its geometrically required plate shape after skillful bending of this tube in sufficient length and fixing by means of firm spot welding, so that then after the tube parts have been tightly welded to the resonant circuit (1), the cooling liquid, for example antifreeze, can be pumped through during operation.

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