Energy-saving hot water and heating system

Abstract

Low-maintenance, electric water heating technology for heating and hot water heating systems, controlled via a control cabinet.

Description

Main claim: Service arm, electric hot water heating system, for heating and hot water heating installations, based on the use of an inverter controlled via a switch cabinet.Description of the System:1. Designation of the Invention2. Description and Function of the System3. Technical Field of the Invention and Application Areas4. OBJECTIVE AND TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES5. PRIOR ART AND DEFECT REMOVAL6. Prior Art Using Heating and Hot Water Technology Described Herein7. Specifics of heating and hot water technology8. Description of the System Functions of Heating and Hot Water Technology9. Switch cabinet10. Circulation pump11. Hot water storage tank12. Protection Devices of the Heating Plant13. Exemplary Embodiment14. Functional Description of the Circuit Diagram15 List of Figures16. List of reference characters17. Claims1. Designation of the Invention:Energy Saving Water Heating System Based on Using Inverter.1.1 Main claim:Low-maintenance, electric hot water heating system, for heating and hot water heating installations, based on the use of an inverter controlled via a switch cabinetIn this specification, a novel "low-maintenance hot water electric heating system" is described which is intended to be used mainly in heating systems. It corresponds to the currently applicable standards and regulations (VDE, EN specifications and Din standards). All components used are additionally CE certified.The connection is made via a power network present in the building in one phase or three phase. In addition, the system can be operated autonomously via a PV system (in on-grid and off-grid variant).2. Description and Function of the System:In this specification, a novel "low-maintenance hot water electric heating system" is described which is intended to be used mainly in heating systems. It corresponds to the currently applicable standards and regulations (VDE, EN specifications and Din standards). All components used also have CE approval.The connection is made via a power network present in the building in one phase or three phase. In addition, the system can be operated autonomously via a PV system (in on-grid and off-grid variant).The effect is understood by the use of an inverter, the function and mode of operation of which and heating elements specially designed for this purpose (heating rods tested up to 400 heart).In contrast to conventional electric heaters, the heating rod (ohmic resistance) cannot only be switched on and off with the aid of an inverter (frequency converter). When generating power profiles, the output voltages are adjusted using the RMS values. By over-voltage, it is possible to shorten the heating time. This is done with the aid of the frequency-dependent Spannungssteuerung(Frequenzerhöhung=Spannungserhöhung implemented in an inverter (frequency converter). The heating rod was produced specifically for this application. Tests have shown that a considerable saving of energy occurs due to the shortened heating time. In the regulation of a heating rod, the frequency provided by an inverter (frequency converter) has no effect and direct influence on the function of the heating rod, since heating resistors are considered to be ohmic loads. Heating rods convert electrical energy into heat, regardless of the frequency of the electrical supply. The heat generated depends only on the voltage and the current, not on the frequency. When using an inverter (frequency converter), the frequency is used mainly for regulating motor applications, but not for ohmic loads. The inverter (frequency converter) makes it possible to control the voltage and the power consumption in order to better control the temperature of the heating rod. If an inverter (frequency converter) is used, the regulation of the heating power is typically carried out by pulse width modulation (PWM). Therefore, heating rods must be used which are suitable for higher frequencies and which tolerate possible peak voltages. These requirements are used in this procedure.If there is no inductance, the PWM voltage is not filtered into a half wave waveform. Instead of 230 V sine waves, they are therefore operated with 325 V square pulses, or instead of 400 V sine with 565 V square. With an average duty cycle of about 70%, this means that about 40% more power is generated, which explains the fast heating time.The advantage here is that a precise power control is made possible, which leads to a stable temperature control. By dynamically adapting the power, the energy consumption is optimized, which leads to a lower energy consumption, or lower costs.Advantages of Regulation via a Frequency Converter Precise Power Control:Inverters (frequency converters) enable a finely tuned control of the heating power, which leads to a stable temperature control. Energy efficiency: The dynamic adaptation of the power optimizes the energy consumption, which results in lower operating costs. Soft start: The inverter (frequency converter) can provide a soft start, thereby reducing mechanical loads and extending the life of the heating rod. Furthermore, the soft start-up of the heating system minimizes the network loads. Avoidance of temperature spikes: The ability to adjust performance in real time helps to avoid temperature spikes that can lead to energy losses. Lower heat losses: uniform heating results in less heat losses in the system. Better adaptability: inverters (frequency converters) can adapt quickly to changing operating conditions, which improves the efficiency in variable load situations.Extended monitoring functions: Many inverters (frequency converters) provide integrated control and monitoring functions which enable remote monitoring and data logging.Note: The increased frequency at the inverter has no influence at all on the medium water to be heated.3. Technical Field of the Invention and Application Areas.As described in item 1, this is a novel "low-maintenance electric hot water heating system", which is intended to be used mainly in heating and hot water systems.4. Objectives and Technical ObjectivesThe main aim is to make a water heating technology, 1. the maintenance arm is 2. infallibly in price - performance ratio is 3. Very simple to assemble, 4. Very environmentally friendly and saving electrical energy. 5. causes no pollutants such as greenhouse gases, etc. 6.Few installed components have 7.Few mechanical components except 8.New perspectives for heating hot water bring 9.The existing heating systems can be integrated into the buildings 10.Very high safety is offered 11.Very quiet is 12.No external devices have and only operated with in-house components4.2 Technical Objects1. Creation of novel solutions in the area of water heating, 2. minimization of component numbers, 3. realization of reasonable system combinations for water heating, 4. control and program parameters for electronic peripheral devices, 5. development of a heating element that functions with the inverter in symbiosis, 6. reasonable component selection to minimize manufacturing costs, 7. avoidance of mechanical losses, electrical losses and efficiency losses.5.Prior Art and Defect RemovalCurrent state of the art in the field of water heating related to heating technology is known on all sides. All have the objective of achieving acceptable price-performance ratios, longevity of the product.In the following we make a comparison with the heat pump which also constitutes a water heating system and our water heating system.Heat pump technology is widely used and there are different variants thereof. For example, as follows:Air-water heat pumps, brine-water heat pumps, water-water heat pumps,Service Water Heat PumpsHeat pump technology uses heat sources of various medin, such as ambient air or the soil, etc., to thereby heat hot water for heating and used water. The thermal energy from the heat sources is absorbed by a special refrigerant and brought to a higher temperature level. The thermal energy thereby produced is used for heating systems. The heat pump functions according to the principle of the refrigerant circuit. The compressor requires power to operate.Defects:1. As a rule, much mechanics means wear, maintenance, high repair costs.2. No reasonable use of the utilized heat sources, depending on the year's number of operations, in order to be expedient (installation of additional parts)3. Building Negotiation (Mounting of Outdoor Facilities)4. Requires refrigerant (generates greenhouse gas)5. Expensive to obtain6. Has external devices (high die rate, high insurance costs)9. Requires additional components or hybrid systems to be efficient10. Is dependent on temperature conditions11. Depending on the combination, ground or water heat pumps are more expensive than air heat pumpsDefect Elimination:1. By eliminating much mechanics, less wear and maintenance.2. By Removing External Equipment3. By using fewer lines for the heating system.4. Through reasonable use of the electrical energy without influencing the environment.5. By developing a heating system that does not require a mixed refrigerant or other environmentally harmful agents (propane (R290) or HFC R410A, etc.).7. Due to fewer installed components, more favorable manufacturing costs, thus shopping advantage for the customer.8. Reasonable use of the consumed energy, which can also be generated autonomously by PV system.9. Prevention of theft of, for example, outdoor installations10. No special premises such as fire protection room are necessary, since none is flammable. Installation is possible in the home6. Prior Art Having Heating and Water Heating Technology Described HereinWhy the heating and water heating technology described herein is more efficient than all other heating systems technologies?Conventional electric heating systems are operated at 50 Hz. Operated. The heating elements are supplied with 230 volts or 400 volts and 50 Hz. In this case, voltage, current and frequency remain stable. These values are parallel to each other. Therefore, the power factor (cos.phi.) value also remains stable.As described in the claims under item 2, the heating and water heating technology described herein achieves higher efficiency by changing the Hertzian numbers at the inverter and reduces the energy consumption by about 30%.For example:An efficiency increase of approximately 7% can be expected solely by using an inverter. As a result of the frequency increase, the voltage across the heating element increases, as a result of which a further increase in efficiency of approximately 23% occurs.Explanation:Without the use of an inverter and its special programming, a conventional heating system would require about 7 kW of power instead of 3 kW to achieve the same caloric values for water heating.7. Specifics of heating and water heating technologyThe heating and water heating technology does not have external equipment, such as a heat pump, which must be installed additionally.It is very simple to assemble and maintain.To operate efficiently, there is no need for any other auxiliary energies such as earth or air, heat, etc., which unnecessarily entail costs.Connection of the switch cabinet - power supply above the house distribution box or to a suitable power connection in the building.The connection of the hot water storage tank to the inlet and outlet of the heating pipes and the inlet and outlet of the used water takes place via the connection points provided on the building.Optionally, a PV system can be integrated with the corresponding power in order to ensure the required electrical energy via solar energy.8. Description of System Functions of Heating and Water Heating TechnologyHeating and water heating technology consists of three main components. 1. switch cabinet, 2. hot water reservoir 3. circulation pump. All three systems can be installed individually or jointly in a frame produced for this purpose. There is no need for external equipment as in conventional systems such as heat pumps or others!9.Switch Cabinet 9.The switch cabinet can be operated in one phase or in three phases. In single phase operation, the input voltage is 230 VAC. In three-phase operation, the input voltage is 380-400 VAC.Components of the Switchgear Cabinet:Fuses: fuses serve to protect cables, lines and devices and protect against overloading and short-circuiting. Starting from a certain current intensity, the circuit and thus the current flow are interrupted by a fuse. The value of the current is noted on the fuse.Emergency Off Switch: The emergency off button interrupts the current supply of a machine or installation in order to avoid risks in emergency cases. As shown in the circuit diagram, an emergency stop switch for manual emergency shutdown is provided on the switchgear cabinet. In the event of faults or accidents, the entire system can be stopped via this switch.A switch: turns on the device as shown in the circuit diagram.Control lights: Indicate the operation or failure of the system as shown in the circuit diagram.Temperature controller: Controls the temperature and turns the plant on and off according to the setting as shown in the circuit diagram.Inverter: In a single phase system, the input voltage is 230 VAC and the output voltage is 380-400 VAC. In the case of a three-phase system, the input voltage is 380-400 VAC and the output is likewise 380-400 VAC.The inverter controls and regulates the energization of the heating elements by the supply of voltage.A particular feature of the inverter is that the controlled energy supply ensures very efficient water heating that the inverter has a stable voltage or further stable values even in the event of a voltage drop at the output. This is ensured by the inverter's own parameterization. In the case of possible voltage drops, the inverter stabilizes the supply voltage of the heating elements and keeps the voltage constant. Maintaining the required voltage for the heating elements increases the efficiency of the heating system.In the switchgear cabinet, the Hz can be programmed via the inverters. The result of this is that the voltage across the heating element changes, and therefore the heating power can also be controlled.In conventional systems, voltage drops (e.g., from 380 to 260 VAC) no longer supply the required energy to the heating elements.In the event of a possible short circuit of the heating elements, the inverter switches off the system and opens the fault.In the event of a possible short circuit by transmission of the voltage at any point of the installation, the installation is switched off via the fuses.At the start of the heating operation, the inverter provides a soft start. The power supply to the heating elements is increased stepwise to the set maximum over a period of 15 seconds. The soft start has the advantage that the grid and the heating elements are not instantaneously charged with the maximum energy. By stepwise increase of the energy at the heating elements, a part of the required energy consumption is saved.Contactors or Semiconductor Relays: Close and Open Circuits. As shown in the circuit diagram, the semiconductor relays or contactors in the switchgear cabinet open and close the power supply to the inverter without loss. By its very low operation, no noise is emitted to the outside.Terminal Bar: Connects the external components to the switchgear cabinet system as shown in the circuit diagram.10. Circulation pumpA suitable circulation pump with the required power values should be used. The control can be carried out via the switchgear cabinet (the required components are installed).11. Hot water storage tankThe hot water storage device consists of the following components:1. Water Storage Tank2. Heating elements3. Cable Connection for Power Supply4. Temperature sensor5. Pressure Relief Valve6. Connection for water inlet and outlet heating water7. Connection for water inlet and outlet fresh waterThe terminals, their positions and numbers may vary as needed and used. The advantages of the water storage tank:The heating elements were specifically made for this system and placed in symbiosis with the inverter by specific parameterization.When the heating elements are installed in the water reservoir:The copper alloy allows the energy to be dissipated very efficiently to the water to be heated.The copper heater rods conduct the heat to the water better than other metal alloys.As a result of the load increase (ramp function) by the inverter on the copper rods, which increases within 15 seconds, the heating elements become substantially longer-lived than conventional heating elements.The temperature sensor corresponds to the inverter and controls the energization of the heating elements.When the pressure in the water tank is increased, the pressure is discharged via the pressure sensor. No danger or the like arises.A suitable circulation pump with the required power values should be used. The control can be carried out via the switchgear cabinet (the required components are installed).12. Protection Devices of the Heating Plant1. Safety in the switch cabinet (voltage supply via house connection-distribution box). 2. pressure relief valve. 3. ground 4. inverter (voltage protection). 5. storage temperature control. 6. GFP13. Exemplary EmbodimentReferring to the illustrations in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the following example is explained:The low-maintenance household water heating system described herein can be arbitrarily scaled higher or lower in rated power as described in claim numbers 2 and 4.Components explained in the following sections, their technical details and values such as voltages, power and frequency, memory size, etc., can be designed and built differently as described in the claims numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10, depending on the type of heating system.This is preceded by the following values for the exemplary heating system.Heating Technology• Home• Heater Blades• 1x Main cabinet• 1x Hot water storageHome 70 m2, 3 room / showerRadiator 4 Unit1x control cabinet 3 kW / (three-phase) 380-400 volts AC1x Water storage volume 50 liters with integrated copper heating rods - heating element fit for 50 liters1x Circulation pumpSpecial features of the exemplary embodiment heating technology and integrated hot water system with a rated power of 3 kW.The system has a start-stop system. When the required water temperature is reached, the plant goes to standby operation. And the circulation pump operates. In standby operation, the plant does not consume energy for heating the water.For example:The heating system heats the water to the required temperature of about 50° C. The heating elements are then set on standby and the circulation pump starts up.The temperature sensor detects the drop in the temperature in the circulating water, and the inverter resets the heating elements to the operating mode and the circulation pump switches off. The water is now heated again, thus resulting in a lower energy consumption for the next cycle.The following example is presented as a relationship for standby and operating mode:• 20 minutes operating mode in heating mode, 3 minutes standby--at cold weather--10° C• 15 minutes operating mode in heating mode, 7 minutes standby-at cold weather +5 °C• 10 minutes operating mode in heating operation, 10 minutes standby-in normal weather + 10°C14. Functional Description of the Circuit DiagramThe supply line to the switchgear cabinet (3-phase L1, L2, L3, N, and PE) is placed on the bell bar X1 (terminals X1.1 X1.2 X1.3), from there on the fuses F1(F1 Sicher thus the so-called operating current) and F2(F2 Sichert the so-called control circuit ab) and F3(Fuses the circulation pump ab).From F2 on to S1(Not Off, the complete control switches off) to S2 (on switch, whereby the system is put into operation) to X1(terminals 15, 16) external temperature sensors and on to K1.Contactor K1(220V) is energized, contacts L1, L2, L3 are closed and the inverter is operated and the indicator light H1(green) indicates operation.The shutter of K1 closes (contact 13,14) and K2(220V) pulls on (K2 is thus in operation).The 1 closer Von K2 (contact L1.1u. L1.2) closes and T(220V) (display controls the inverter via its temperature sensor) comes to voltage and is in operation.The circulation pump is secured via F3 and controlled via K2 and K3. The closer of K2(contact 13,14) closes, like the closer of K3(contact 13,14), and operates.The inverter is controlled via the display. The changer on the display turns on and off the inverter (terminals DCM and M 1 24V) (terminals on the display 2 and 1).Once the desired temperature is reached on the display, the inverter switches off and the circulation pump is switched on via K3(contact13, 14).K3 (24V contactor) goes into operation via the display (terminals 1 and 3 on the display).15. List of Figures• FIG. 1 - Hot water storage• FIG. 2 - Circuit diagram• FIG. 3 - Layout of the clamping strip16.Reference Character Lists• FIG. 1 Hot water storageThe water reservoir is shown in this figure.Designation of the numbers from FIG. 1 : 1 Safety fitting (pressure barometer, pressure relief valve) 2 Hot water supply line 3 Immersion sleeve Temperature sensor 4 Hot water return line 5 Heating element (Heitz rod) 6 Hot water reservoir• Fig. 2 - Schematic diagram of the heating system In this figure, the schematic diagram is shown.Designation of the numbers from FIG. 3 : A F1 Fuse B F2 Control fuse C F3 Fuse Circulation pump D S1 Emergency stop of switch E S2 Switch-on F External temperature sensor G K1 Contactor or relay H K2 Contactor or relay I T1 Temperature monitoring container J H1 Luminaire (green) installation in operation K H2 Luminaire (red) installation Disturbance L Inverter (frequency converter) M Heating element N K3 Contactor or relay O Circulation pump Q Temperature sensor water storage device R Terminal inverter DCM 24V-DC S terminal inverter M1 T Terminal inverter 24V+DC• FIG. 3 - Layout of the clamping strip x1In this figure, the terminal block for the connections in the switch cabinet is shown.Reference numbers in FIG. 3 : 1 terminal 1 to 5 supply line 400 V 2 terminal 6 to 8 supply line heating element 3 terminal 15 and 16 external temperature sensor 4 terminal 17 circulation pump 5 terminal 18 and 19 sensor display 6 terminal 20 busbar N (zero conductor) 7 terminal 21 busbar PE (ground)

Claims

Low-maintenance, electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating systems, controlled via a switch cabinet.Low-maintenance electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to Claim 1, characterized in that it can be scaled as desired with reference to the arrangement shown in Figure 1, in the design and construction of the components and in the dimensions and in the performance.Low-maintenance electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating systems, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that it can be supplied with power in off-grid variant in combination with PV or another external power source and in the on-grid variant via the house distribution box in single-phase or three-phase fashion.Low-maintenance electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterised in that the arrangement of the system and its components, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, can be installed in any desired size, in any installation positions in the switch cabinet and in the water reservoir.Low-maintenance electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating systems, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4da, characterized in that the heating elements of a water storage tank can be driven and operated at a higher voltage in this respect by means of the connection diagrams in Figures 2 and 3 or by means of another arrangement of the switching diagrams via an inverter with a higher frequency above 50 Hz.Low-maintenance electrical water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4da, characterized in that the heating system can be constructed in combination with an inverter and a heating element, mounted in the water store and these can be controlled at a higher frequency above 50 Hz, in this respect at a higher voltage.Low-maintenance electric water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 characterised in that the circuit diagram / diagram in figure 3 can be used for operation in heating installations and hot water generation systems.Low-maintenance electric water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 characterised in that the heating and water heating technology in Figures 1 to 3 can be used in homes, residential units, residential buildings, multi-family houses, companies, industrial rooms and other premises built for humans and animals.Low-maintenance electric water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8da characterized in that an inverter, when operating in heating installations, in combination with a heating element, has a ramp function at the start of the heating system and its power supply.Low-maintenance electric water heating technology for heating and hot water heating installations, controlled via a switch cabinet, according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9da characterized in that as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the heating and water heating technology can be used only for heating or only for service water heating, respectively. Furthermore, both variants can be used in combination in a system for heating and service water heating.

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