Capillary blanket for water collection and creation of mini water oases in desert areas

Abstract

Capillary ceiling for extracting atmospheric water, comprising: • a multi-layered capillary structure for absorbing and conducting condensed moisture; • a reflective, silver-colored exterior to minimize heating from sunlight; • at least one fan, powered by solar panel and / or wind energy, to cool the ceiling surface and promote air circulation; • an integrated water reservoir that collects moisture conducted via capillary action; • a curved, smooth surface to prevent sand deposits; • a receiving and lifting system to prevent blockage by sand particles.

Description

1. Description of the invention:

[0001] The present invention relates to an innovative capillary ceiling designed for the efficient extraction of atmospheric water under extremely dry and hot conditions in desert regions, particularly in the Sahara.

[0002] This capillary ceiling utilizes natural energy sources such as sunlight and desert winds to actively cool the surface and the underlying sandy soil. It is equipped with multi-layered capillary modules that absorb condensed moisture and, through capillary action, transport it to an integrated water reservoir.

[0003] The reflective, silver exterior minimizes heat buildup from sunlight, while solar-powered and wind-driven fans ensure efficient air circulation. The curved, smooth surface prevents the accumulation of sand and dust. The fans slightly lift the ceiling to prevent blockages caused by sand particles and ensure long-lasting functionality.

[0004] The capillary blanket is modular, easy to assemble, and portable. It is designed for use in windy locations to create sustainable mini-oases that provide drinking water for people, livestock, and local ecosystems. The blanket is also equipped with LED night lighting and a GPS module for location tracking.

[0005] The system's energy needs are fully met by integrated solar and wind power plants, enabling environmentally friendly and self-sufficient use.

[0006] A capillary mat with an area of, for example, 30 × 30 meters can collect approximately 500 liters of water per day under optimal conditions, which corresponds to about 15,000 liters per month. With an area variation of ±10% and climatic conditions in different regions of the Sahara, this yield can fluctuate accordingly.

[0007] The system's scalability allows for the installation of multiple panels (e.g., ten panels, each measuring 50 x 50 meters) across an area of ​​several square kilometers. This enables the extraction of over 13,800 liters of water daily and approximately 416,000 liters monthly, thus creating sustainable habitats in desert regions.

[0008] This combination of capillary water absorption, passive and active cooling, and renewable energy represents an effective and ecological solution for water supply in extreme desert environments. 2. Technical field

[0009] The invention relates to a technical device for extracting water from the atmosphere in desert regions by condensation using a multi-layered capillary ceiling, supplemented by a water reservoir embedded in the ground with cooling function and automatic water extraction. 3. Background of the invention

[0010] In arid regions, the supply of drinking water and irrigation water is one of the greatest challenges. Traditional methods suffer from high costs, losses due to evaporation, and limited sustainability. The present invention offers an innovative solution that combines passive and active processes to efficiently condense, store, and make available atmospheric water. 4. Summary of the invention

[0011] The capillary ceiling has a dome-shaped (conical) design and consists of optimized capillary material layers that condense water from the air and transfer it for storage. The surface reflects sunlight to prevent overheating. Solar- and wind-powered fans are integrated into the ceiling to circulate the air and lower the temperature. Sensors monitor humidity, temperature, and wind.

[0012] Beneath the ceiling is a watertight, underground storage tank, a maximum of 4 m deep, with a volume of at least 438 m³. 3 Sufficient for storing two years' worth of production, including a reserve. This storage system uses the natural ground temperature for constant cooling, minimizing evaporation and maintaining water quality. Water is drawn through standard pipes using energy-efficient pumps, in an automated and maintenance-friendly manner. 5. Description of the preferred embodiment • The capillary ceiling can be assembled modularly, easily transported and adapted to different locations. • Automatic cleaning prevents damage from sand and maintains performance even in extreme desert climates. • The electrical supply is provided autonomously through solar and wind energy, minimizing operating costs and increasing the service life. • The underground water reservoir is optimally sized to cover seasonal fluctuations and peak consumption. 6. Economic and environmental advantages • Sustainability and resource conservation: The system uses renewable energy sources and reduces the need for fossil water transport. • Reduced operating costs: Autonomous power supply and automated cleaning significantly reduce maintenance effort and costs. • High efficiency: Thanks to the combined use of solar, wind energy and passive cooling, a wide variety of climatic conditions are optimally utilized. • Long-term water availability: The underground water reservoir significantly minimizes water losses through evaporation and provides water flexibly as needed. • Support for desert greening projects: The simple installation enables effective application in the greening and development of arid areas. 8. Technical and structural specifications (enclosure) • Ceiling dimensions: e.g. 50 × 50 m, area approx. 2,500 m² 2 • Estimated daily water yield: approx. 500 liters (fluctuations ±10%) • Water storage: at least 438 m³ 3 Volume, dimensions approx. 10.46 × 10.46 × 4 m (adjustable) • Pump output: 0.5-1.5 kW efficiently regulated according to water demand • Material properties: UV-resistant, sand-repellent, durable • Energy system: Combined solar and wind power plants with energy storage batteries Example calculation for a capillary ceiling 30x30m: Data gain ±10% parameter Value Area m 2 900 Daily water gain in I 450-500 Monthly water gain in I 13500-15000 Example calculation for a capillary ceiling (50x50m): Data gain ±10%

[0013] Water extraction capacity of a capillary ceiling with 2,500 m³ 2 Area (50 × 50 m), including ±10% fluctuations Daily water production:

[0014] The average daily water yield is approximately 1,390 liters per day. Depending on climatic and operational conditions, this amount can vary by ±10%, corresponding to a range of 1,250 to 1,530 liters per day.

[0015] Monthly water production (based on 30 days): On average, this results in approximately 41,700 liters per month with a fluctuation range of ±10%, i.e. between 37,500 and 45,900 liters per month. parameter Average value Range ±10% Daily production (I) 1.390 1.250 - 1.530 Monthly production (I)* 41.700 37.500 - 45.900 *Calculation based on a month with 30 days. Note for the technical documentation:

[0016] These calculations are based on scaling water production from smaller reference areas (e.g., 30x30 m) and reflect realistic expected values ​​under typical operating conditions. The ±10% range compensates for natural fluctuations in weather and operation. 9. Advantages of a lower-lying water storage tank: Natural cooling:

[0017] Several meters below the desert sand, the ground temperature remains consistently lower and more stable throughout the year. This helps maintain water quality, prevents overheating, and reduces evaporation losses. Protection against contamination and evaporation:

[0018] Water in underground reservoirs is less exposed to environmental influences, sand, and UV radiation. Evaporation at the surface is virtually nonexistent, which significantly extends the shelf life of the stored water. Energy efficiency of the funding:

[0019] If the water needs to be lifted to a maximum height of 2 meters above the sand, standard, low-power electric pumps (e.g., submersible or centrifugal pumps with 0.5–1.5 kW) can easily handle the task. A lower lifting height reduces energy consumption and operating costs. Structural and technical aspects; Recommended dimensions:

[0020] In your case, a minimum water storage capacity of 438 m³ is sufficient. 3 (Dimensions approx. 10.46 × 10.46 m base area and 4 m depth) serve as an ideal compromise for storage, cooling and ease of use. Cables and connections:

[0021] The use of standard pipes for water supply and irrigation (e.g. PVC / PEHD with diameters from 32 to 90 mm) allows for quick and easy connection to taps, drip irrigation systems or direct water extraction. Automation:

[0022] Pumps can be automatically controlled via water level sensors and coupled with solar and wind generators on the ceiling, increasing the autonomy of the system.

[0023] Conclusion: A deeply embedded storage tank, connected with modern automated pumps and standardized piping systems, ensures long-term and safe water storage, protects against heat and contamination, and enables simple and energy-saving water distribution to the surface – ideal for use in desert conditions. Reference symbol list: 1 night light 2 WiFi antennas 3 compasses 4 fans 5 gearboxes 6 System Control 7 solar panels 8 Rotating Airways 9 tracheas 10 capillary water tubes 11 Cooling agents 12 Capillary ceiling 13 reservoir containers 14 funnels 15 Water pump 16 Water pipe 17 water dispensers 18 Plant coverage 19 floor area 20 drops of water Detailed description Fig. 1: Top layer - protective surface of the ceiling

[0024] The top layer consists of a robust, waterproof and UV-resistant membrane that protects the entire structure from sand, sun and atmospheric influences.

[0025] Integrated sensors (humidity, temperature, wind) and orientation LED lights are mounted on the surface. Fan and energy modules

[0026] Directly below the surface, in the conical zones, are fans and energy modules (solar modules, wind generators) that control and support air circulation and the microclimate. Capillary layers

[0027] The next layer consists of capillary bands and porous materials that allow for the steering and capture of microdroplets from condensation.

[0028] This is where the central process takes place: The air, cooled by the cooling of the surface and the wind, condenses moisture, which is then transported to the central area via capillaries. Filter and separation membranes

[0029] Separation layers with fine, semi-permeable membranes ensure that condensed water is cleaned of dust particles and possible contaminants before it flows into the storage tank. Insulation and cooling layers

[0030] Here, insulating materials prevent the sand subsoil from overheating and direct the nighttime coolness into the sand layer under the ceiling. This creates a temperature inversion, which increases the amount of collected dew and condensate.

[0031] The system uses the nighttime coolness and desert wind to provide additional cooling for the sand under the ceiling. Water reservoir

[0032] In the central or lowest part of the structure, beneath the capillaries, there is a waterproof reservoir into which the collected water flows.

[0033] Special seals and layers prevent water from seeping back into the sand. Connection and drainage systems

[0034] Pipes, taps or a pump are integrated into the base, allowing the water to be extracted, stored or distributed as needed.

[0035] If necessary, there is an automatic cleaning system that periodically removes accumulated sand and keeps the capillary and surface system clean.

[0036] This layering optimizes the entire process of water extraction, filtration, storage and distribution while protecting the device, ensuring long-lasting use under extreme desert conditions. Reference symbol list: 1 Upper capillary layer 2 Lower capillary layer 3 capillary water tubes 4 capillary funnels 5 Cooling agents 6 Water level 7 dispenser funnels 8 donors

[0037] Fig. The cross-section shows the upper and lower capillary ceiling with air and coolant lines, which, with the help of capillary funnels, guide the water through a large funnel into the dispenser.

Claims

[1] Capillary sheet for the extraction of atmospheric water, comprising: • a multi-layered capillary structure for absorbing and conducting condensed moisture; • a reflective, silver-colored exterior to minimize heating from sunlight; • at least one fan, powered by solar panel and / or wind energy, to cool the ceiling surface and promote air circulation; • an integrated water reservoir that collects moisture conducted via capillary action; • a curved, smooth surface to prevent sand deposits; • a receiving and lifting system to prevent blockage by sand particles. [2] Capillary ceiling according to claim 1, wherein the multilayer capillary structure consists of different microstructured material layers optimized for efficient water absorption and conduction. [3] Capillary ceiling according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a GPS module for position transmission and an LED night light for visibility in dark environments. [4] Capillary ceiling according to one of the previous claims, which is modular in design and easy to assemble and transport to enable use at different locations. [5] Capillary ceiling according to any of the preceding claims which utilizes the natural occurrence of desert wind to assist fan operation in order to provide energy-efficient cooling. [6] Capillary ceiling according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ceiling has an area of ​​at least 900 m² 2 exhibits and can collect at least 500 liters of water daily, with an area and yield variance of ±10% depending on local climatic conditions.

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