Photovoltaic module

Abstract

Photovoltaic module, comprehensive: a cell string group comprising N columns of cell strings (101) connected in parallel to each other, wherein each cell string (101) of the N columns of cell strings (101) comprises a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (100), wherein each photovoltaic cell (100) of the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) has a quasi-rectangular shape with a width (W1) and a length (W2) that is longer than the width (W1), and a ratio of the width (W1) to the length (W2) is 1 / M: 1, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is less than N; a plurality of first connection structures (102), wherein each first connection structure (102) of the plurality of first connection structures (102) is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) in a corresponding cell string (101); and a plurality of second connection structures (103), wherein each second connection structure (103) of the plurality of second connection structures (103) is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings (101).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic technology and in particular to a photovoltaic module. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] With the gradual depletion of fossil fuels, photovoltaic cells are increasingly being used as a new alternative energy solution. A photovoltaic cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight into electrical energy. Due to the photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic cells generate charge carriers, which are then extracted via electrodes to enable the efficient use of electrical energy. Currently, photovoltaic cells mainly include back-contact cells (BC), tunnel oxide passivated contact cells (TOPCon), PERC cells (passivated emitter and rear cells), and heterojunction cells.

[0003] However, with any type of photovoltaic cell, when several photovoltaic cells are electrically connected in a photovoltaic module, the way in which these cells are electrically connected can directly influence the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module must be further improved. SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic module which at least contributes to improving the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In some embodiments, a photovoltaic module is provided. The photovoltaic module includes a cell string group with N columns of cell strings connected in parallel, each cell string of the N columns of cell strings comprising a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, each photovoltaic cell of the plurality of photovoltaic cells having the shape of a quasi-rectangle with a width and a length longer than the width, and a width-to-length ratio of 1 / M:1, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is less than N; a plurality of first interconnection structures, each first interconnection structure of the plurality of first interconnection structures being electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells in a corresponding cell string;and a plurality of second connection structures, wherein each second connection structure of the plurality of second connection structures is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings.

[0006] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell is a segmented cell, wherein the segmented cell is obtained by cutting an original complete cell wafer along a longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer, and the segmented cell is 1 / S of the original complete cell wafer, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; wherein the longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer is a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0007] In some embodiments, the original complete cell wafer encloses four corners and is provided with a corresponding chamfered structure at each of the four corners; wherein, in response to S being greater than 2, S segmented cells are classified as first segmented cells with chamfered structures and at least one second segmented cell without chamfered structures, wherein each first segmented cell of the first segmented cells is provided with the chamfered structures at two opposite corners of the respective first segmented cell along a longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle and is not provided with chamfered structures at the other two opposite corners of the respective first segmented cell along the longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle; wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of first segmented cells or a plurality of second segmented cells.

[0008] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell is a whole cell, and the whole cell is provided with beveled structures at two opposite corners of the whole cell along a longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle and is further provided with beveled structures at the other two opposite corners of the whole cell along the longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0009] In some embodiments, M lies in a range from 1.5 to 3.96.

[0010] In some embodiments, the plurality of photovoltaic cells of the respective cell string are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells, wherein a ratio of a width of the corresponding overlap area to the short-side dimension of the quasi-rectangle along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle is less than or equal to 0.008.

[0011] In some embodiments, two adjacent photovoltaic cells of the respective cell string are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the ratio of the width of the gap to the short side dimension of the quasi-rectangle is less than or equal to 0.04.

[0012] In some embodiments, the plurality of photovoltaic cells of the respective cell string are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells; wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises buffer pads, wherein a respective buffer pad of the buffer pads is arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area, wherein a width of the respective buffer pad is greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding overlap area along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0013] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell further includes first busbar electrodes and second busbar electrodes, which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell along a longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the first busbar electrodes and the second busbar electrodes run parallel to short sides of the quasi-rectangle; wherein, for two adjacent photovoltaic cells in the respective cell string, a respective first connection structure is electrically connected to a corresponding first busbar electrode of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells and a corresponding second busbar electrode of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells;and wherein, for two adjacent cell strings in the photovoltaic module, a respective second connection structure is electrically connected to a respective first busbar electrode of one of the two adjacent cell strings and a respective second busbar electrode of the other of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to first busbar electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to second busbar electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings.

[0014] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell further includes first current-collecting electrodes and second current-collecting electrodes, which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the first current-collecting electrodes and the second current-collecting electrodes run parallel to long sides of the quasi-rectangle; wherein, for two adjacent photovoltaic cells in the respective cell string, a respective first interconnection structure is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells and to the second current-collecting electrodes of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells;and wherein, for two adjacent cell strings in the photovoltaic module, a respective second connection structure is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes of one of the two adjacent cell strings and to the second current-collecting electrodes of the other of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to a plurality of first current-collecting electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings, or the respective second connection structure is electrically connected to a plurality of second current-collecting electrodes of the two adjacent cell strings.

[0015] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell includes: a cell substrate with two opposing surface sides, wherein at least one surface side of the two surface sides includes two edge regions spaced apart along a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and a central region located between the two edge regions; current-collecting electrodes spaced apart on the at least one surface side along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, the current-collecting electrodes being parallel to long sides of the quasi-rectangle; and edge pads, wherein each edge pad is located on one side of each edge region near the central region and is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode of the current-collecting electrodes.

[0016] In some embodiments, the respective photovoltaic cell further includes: at least one edge conductor located within a respective edge region of the two edge regions and extending along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle; and at least one center conductor located in the central region and extending along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle; wherein the at least one edge conductor is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode of the current-collecting electrodes, and the at least one center conductor is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode of the current-collecting electrodes; wherein, in a longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle, the at least one edge conductor has a width that is greater than the width of the at least one center conductor;and wherein the respective edge pad is in contact with a respective center conductor on one side of the respective edge pad near the central area along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the respective edge pad is in contact with a respective edge conductor on one side of the respective edge pad away from the central area along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle.;

[0017] In some embodiments, the plurality of photovoltaic cells of the respective cell string are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells; wherein the photovoltaic module further includes: buffer pads, wherein a respective buffer pad of the buffer pads is arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area, wherein the respective buffer pad and the respective edge pad are spaced apart by a distance in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0018] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module includes three cell string groups connected in series along a longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle, each cell string group of the three cell string groups including four parallel cell strings, and the four cell strings arranged in an arrangement along the longitudinal direction or a short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle.

[0019] In some embodiments, the three cell strand groups include a first cell strand group, a second cell strand group, and a third cell strand group connected in series, and each cell strand group has two opposing exit terminals along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle; wherein the plurality of second connection structures includes: first wiring elements extending along the longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle, wherein the first cell strand group and the second cell strand group are connected in series via two first wiring elements;a second wiring element extending along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, wherein the second wiring element is electrically connected to a corresponding first wiring element of the two first wiring elements at each of the two opposite ends of the second wiring element along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle; third wiring elements extending along the longitudinal direction of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each third wiring element is arranged between two adjacent cell strands in an equal cell strand group along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and the respective third wiring element is configured to connect the two adjacent cell strands in parallel along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle;and a fourth wiring element, wherein the fourth wiring element is electrically connected to a corresponding one of two exit terminals of the third cell string group at one end of two opposite ends of the fourth wiring element along the short-side direction of the quasi-rectangle, and wherein the fourth wiring element is electrically connected to a third wiring element corresponding to the second cell string group at a central section of the fourth wiring element.

[0020] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module also includes two junction boxes.

[0021] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes: a first bypass diode and a second bypass diode, wherein the first bypass diode and the second bypass diode are arranged in a junction box of the two junction boxes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] One or more embodiments are described as examples with reference to the corresponding figures in the accompanying drawings, and this exemplary description does not constitute a limitation of the embodiments. Elements in the accompanying drawings that have the same reference numerals are shown as similar elements, and unless otherwise specifically indicated, the figures in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale. In order to describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure or of the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings that must be used in the embodiments are briefly described below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description show only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive further drawings from the accompanying drawings without creative effort. Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an original complete cell wafer provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 12 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 13 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 14 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a dashed circle A in Fig. 12. Fig. 16 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the one in Fig. 12 photovoltaic modules shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXECUTION FORMS

[0023] In light of the above, the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules needs to be improved.

[0024] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic module in which the ratio of a long-side dimension to a short-side dimension of the quasi-rectangle is smaller than the number of parallel-connected cell strings, i.e., M < N. In this way, it is possible to reduce the overall size of each individual photovoltaic cell, thereby decreasing the output current of that cell and consequently minimizing the output current of the cell strings. Furthermore, configuring a larger number of parallel-connected cell strings does not increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, which can help reduce the output power of the cell strings and ensure that the photovoltaic module as a whole has a relatively high output power. Finally, the width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell can be further reduced by increasing the number of parallel-connected cell strings (i.e., N).Firstly, this approach significantly reduces the output current of the photovoltaic cells and cell strings, thereby minimizing power loss caused by the circuits connecting different photovoltaic cells within the strings and thus further improving the photovoltaic module's output power. Secondly, by reducing the output current required in each cell string, different photovoltaic cells can be electrically connected using thinner circuits, thus reducing the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module. Thirdly, the design with more parallel branches, based on the reduced output current of the cell strings, is advantageous for mitigating the impact of internal faults within a cell string on the overall output power of the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the module's output stability.Thirdly, the width-to-length ratio of the photovoltaic cell can be reduced by decreasing the size of the individual photovoltaic cells. Smaller photovoltaic cells have a lower risk of cracking due to stress, and the hot-spot effect caused by damage to the photovoltaic cell under load is reduced. This lessens the impact on the temperature of surrounding photovoltaic cells and is advantageous in reducing the risk of the photovoltaic module burning out due to the hot-spot effect. This improves the mechanical performance of the photovoltaic module and enhances its hot-spot resistance. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the aforementioned aspects is beneficial for improving the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells.

[0025] In the description of the embodiment of this disclosure, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying a relative meaning or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary-secondary relationship of the specified technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise.

[0026] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or property described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The occurrence of this expression in different places in the patent specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor to an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term "and / or" is merely an associative relationship that describes the associated objects, meaning that three relationships are possible. For example, A and / or B, which can mean that there are three situations: the sole presence of A, the simultaneous presence of A and B, and the sole presence of B. Furthermore, the symbol " / " here generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "several" refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "several groups" refers to two or more (including two groups) groups, and "several plates" refers to two or more (including two) plates.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical terms “central”, “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended only to facilitate and simplify the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than indicating or implying that the specified devices or elements must have a particular orientation or be designed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be interpreted as limiting the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] In describing the embodiments of the present disclosure, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fastening" are to be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified and limited. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It may also be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It may be a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, internal communication between two elements, or an interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art may understand the specific meanings of the aforementioned terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are shown enlarged for clarity and easier description. When it is described that a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is located on top of another component or on the surface of another component, the component may be located "directly" on the surface of the other component, or a third component may be located between the two components. Conversely, when it is described that a component is located on the surface of another component, or that another component is formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that no third component is located between the two components.Furthermore, if it is described that a component is formed “essentially” on another component, this means that the component is formed neither on the entire surface (or front face) of another component, nor on part of the edge of the entire surface.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as "on / arranged on" another component, it may be "directly on" another component (that is, there is no other component between the two components on the surface of another component), or there may be another component between the two components.Furthermore, if a component such as a layer, a film, an area or a plate is located "directly on" another component, or if the component such as a layer, a film, an area or a plate is located on a surface of another component, this means that no other component is located between the two components.

[0033] The terms used in the description of the various embodiments described herein are intended to describe only specific embodiments and do not constitute limitations. In the sense used in the description of the various embodiments and in the accompanying claims, "the component" shall also include the plural form, unless otherwise specified. This includes the layer, film, area, or plate.

[0034] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details are proposed in the various embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate readers' understanding of the embodiments. Nevertheless, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications, the technical solution required for the embodiments of the present disclosure can be achieved based on the following embodiments.

[0035] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 includes the photovoltaic module: a cell string group comprising N columns of cell strings 101 connected in parallel to one another. Each column of cell strings 101 includes one or more cell strings 101. Each cell string 101 of the N columns of cell strings 101 includes a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells 100. Each photovoltaic cell 100 of the plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 has the shape of a quasi-rectangle (or essentially a rectangle) with a width and a length longer than the width, and the ratio of the width (a short-side dimension) W1 to the length (a long-side dimension) W2 of the quasi-rectangle is 1 / M:1. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is less than N. The photovoltaic module further includes a plurality of first connection structures 102.Each first connection structure 102 of the plurality of first connection structures 102 is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a corresponding cell string 101. The photovoltaic module further includes a plurality of second connection structures 103. Each second connection structure 103 of the plurality of second connection structures 103 is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0037] Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an original complete cell wafer provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic partial top view of an arrangement of four photovoltaic cells in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be noted that in Fig. 1. An ellipse is used to indicate that each cell string 101 includes the plurality of photovoltaic cells 100, a dashed box is used to indicate each cell string 101, and a positive output or a negative output of the cell string 101 is marked to show the electrical connection relationship between adjacent cell strings 101. Additionally, four parallel-connected cell strings 101 are shown as an example in Fig. 1 shown.

[0038] It should be noted that the ratio of the short-side dimension W1 to the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the width-to-length ratio of each photovoltaic cell 100, and the ratio of the long-side dimension W2 to the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the length-to-width ratio of each photovoltaic cell 100. The length-to-width ratio of the photovoltaic cell 100 is designed to be smaller than the number of parallel-connected cell strings 101, thereby reducing the overall size of the photovoltaic cell 100 and thus decreasing its output current. Furthermore, provided that the number of series-connected photovoltaic cells 100 in each cell string 101 remains unchanged, the output current of the cell strings 101 can be reduced as much as possible.Furthermore, the design of a relatively large number of cell strings 101 to be connected in parallel does not additionally increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, which is advantageous in order to reduce the output power of the cell strings 101 and to ensure that the photovoltaic module as a whole has a relatively large output power.

[0039] In some embodiments, the width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 can be further reduced by increasing the number (i.e., N) of the parallel-connected cell strings 101. This allows, firstly, a significant reduction in the output current of the photovoltaic cells 100 and the cell strings 101, thereby decreasing the power loss caused by the circuits for electrically connecting different photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell strings 101 and thus further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module. Secondly, based on the reduction in the output current that must be carried in each cell string 101, different photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected using thinner circuits, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module.Secondly, the design of more parallel branches based on the reduction of the output current of the cell strings 101 is advantageous for reducing the impact of internal faults in the respective cell string 101 on the overall output power of the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the output stability of the photovoltaic module. Thirdly, the width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 can be reduced by reducing the size of the photovoltaic cell 100.The small size of the photovoltaic cell 100 reduces the risk of cracking due to stress, and the hot-spot effect caused by damage to the photovoltaic cell 100 under load is reduced, thus decreasing the impact on the temperature of the surrounding photovoltaic cells 100 and reducing the risk of the photovoltaic module burning due to the hot-spot effect, thereby improving the mechanical performance of the photovoltaic module and enhancing its hot-spot resistance.

[0040] It should be noted that with reference to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4. The photovoltaic cell 100 is in a quasi-rectangular shape, meaning that: the photovoltaic cell 100 has an essentially rectangular shape (e.g., with four sides, each of which can be aligned with the four sides of a rectangle, and four corners), except that at least one of the four corners may be chamfered. Furthermore, depending on the various cutting processes used to manufacture the photovoltaic cells 100, some photovoltaic cells 100 may not have chamfered corners and thus have the shape of a regular rectangle. The cutting processes applied to the photovoltaic cells 100 will be described later with examples.

[0041] It should be noted that regardless of whether the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with the beveled structures 104 at the corners, the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is defined as the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along a short-side direction (width direction) X of the quasi-rectangle, and the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is defined as the maximum dimension of the photovoltaic cell 100 along a long-side direction (longitudinal direction) Y of the quasi-rectangle.

[0042] It should be noted that each cell string 101 comprises only the multitude of photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. When photovoltaic cells 100 are connected in series along the short-side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, the photovoltaic cells 100 belong to different cell strings 101 connected in series with each other. Based on this, N cell strings 101 are designed to be connected in parallel to increase the number of parallel branches in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing crosstalk between different areas in the photovoltaic module and further improving the hot-spot resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0043] The following provides a detailed description of the photovoltaic cell 100 formed using various methods.

[0044] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The photovoltaic cell 100 may be a segmented cell 100a. The segmented cell 100a is obtained by performing a cutting process on an original whole cell wafer 10 along a longitudinal direction (long side) of the original whole cell wafer 10, and a segmented cell 100a corresponds to 1 / S of the original whole cell wafer 10, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. For example, the segmented cell 100a may be a half-cut cell, 1 / 3-cut cell, 1 / 4-cut cell, 1 / 5-cut cell, 1 / 6-cut cell, 1 / 7-cut cell, 1 / 8-cut cell, and the like. The longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer 10 is the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, and a width direction (short side) of the original complete cell wafer 10 is the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle.

[0045] It should be noted that Fig. 3 can be viewed as a top view of an arrangement of four segmented cells 100a obtained by cutting the original complete cell wafer 10, which is in Fig. 2 is shown, were formed, and in Fig. 3 is shown as S equals 4 as an example.

[0046] In other words, the original whole cell wafer 10 is sliced ​​along a longer side to obtain S segmented cells 100a. Ignoring the dimensional loss caused by the slicing process, a dimension of the segmented cell 100a along the longitudinal direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 is essentially equal to 1 / S of the length of the original whole cell wafer 10; that is, the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is essentially equal to 1 / S of the length of the original whole cell wafer 10. A dimension of the segmented cell 100a along the transverse direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 is essentially equal to the width of the original whole cell wafer 10; that is, the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is essentially equal to the width of the original whole cell wafer 10.

[0047] In some cases, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the original complete cell wafer has four corners and is provided with a corresponding chamfered structure 104 at each of the four corners. If S is greater than 2, S segmented cells 100a are classified as first segmented cells 110a with chamfered structures 104 and at least one second segmented cell 120a without chamfered structures 104. Each first segmented cell 110a has chamfered structures 104 at two opposite corners along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle and no chamfered structures 104 at the other two opposite corners along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. In some examples, the photovoltaic cells 100 contained in the photovoltaic module are either first segmented cells 110a or second segmented cells 120a.

[0048] It should be noted that the segmented cells 100a obtained after the sectioning process may exhibit different morphologies depending on the presence or absence of the beveled structures 104; that is, the segmented cells 100a are grouped into first segmented cells 110a and second segmented cells 120a. Due to the presence of the beveled structures 104, the first segmented cells 110a and the second segmented cells 120a have different light-receiving areas, which may lead to a difference in electrical performance between the first segmented cells 110a and the second segmented cells 120a.Based on this, the photovoltaic cells 100 contained in the photovoltaic module are designed to be either the first segmented cells 110a or the second segmented cells 120a, which can be advantageous to reduce the difference in electrical power between different photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the power loss caused by the difference in electrical power and further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0049] In some other embodiments, the photovoltaic module may be designed to include both the first segmented cell and the second segmented cell, and other structures / designs / components are employed to compensate for the difference in electrical power between the first segmented cells and the second segmented cells caused by the presence or absence of the beveled structures, which is advantageous to eliminate the process of screening the first segmented cells and the second segmented cells.

[0050] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, S equals 4, and the original whole cell wafer 10 is subjected to the cutting process along the longitudinal direction of the original whole cell wafer 10 to form four segmented cells 100a. The original whole cell wafer 10 is provided with the beveled structures 104 at all four corners of the original whole cell wafer 10, such that two of the four segmented cells 100a formed by cutting each have two beveled structures 104, with the two beveled structures 104 opposite each other along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, and the other two of the four segmented cells 100a do not have any beveled structures 104.

[0051] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 4, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a whole cell 100b. The whole cell 100b is provided with chamfered structures 104 at two opposite corners of the whole cell along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle and is further provided with chamfered structures 104 at the other two opposite corners of the whole cell along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. In other words, unlike the segmented cells 100a, which have only two chamfered structures 104 or no chamfered structures 104, the whole cell 100b is provided with the chamfered structure 104 at one corner of each of its four corners, and the whole cell 100b does not need to undergo a recutting process to produce a conventional segmented cell.

[0052] It should be noted that in Fig. 1. The photovoltaic cell 100 is depicted as a rectangle, without specifying whether the photovoltaic cell 100 is provided with the beveled structures. In practical applications, the in Fig. 1 photovoltaic cell shown 100 which is in Fig. 3 shown segmented cell 100a or the one in Fig. The entire cell shown in section 4 is 100b.

[0053] In some embodiments, M can be in a range from 1.5 to 3.96, for example, M can be 1.55, 1.5, 1.6, 1.65, 1.7, 1.75, 1.8, 1.85, 1.9, 1.95, 2, 2.05, 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, 2.35, 2.4, 2.45, 2.5, 2.55, 2.6, 2.65, 2.7, 2.75, 2.8, 2.85, 2.9, 2.95, 3, 3.05, 3.1, 3.15, 3.2, 3.25, 3.3, 3.35, 3.4, 3.45, 3.5, 3.55, 3.6, 3.65, 3.7, 3.75, 3.8, 3.85, 3.9 or 3.95 or the like.

[0054] With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. 4. If M is less than 1.5, the ratio of the short-side dimension W1 to the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is too large, i.e., the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is relatively large. In the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, given that the array length of the cell string 101 is limited, the number of photovoltaic cells 100 that can be arranged is reduced. As a result, the impact of an internal failure of a single photovoltaic cell 100 on the overall output power of the cell string 101 can be amplified, which may not be advantageous for improving the hot-spot resistance of the respective cell string 101. If M is greater than 3.96, the ratio of the short-side dimension W1 to the long-side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle is too small, i.e.,The short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle is relatively small, which can result from a large number of segmented cells 100a formed from a single original whole cell wafer 10. Excessive cutting paths applied to a single original whole cell wafer 10 can degrade the electrical performance of the resulting segmented cells 100a. Alternatively, the relatively small short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can result from reducing the overall size of the whole cell 100b, which can make the whole cell 100b difficult to fabricate and ultimately hinder effective control over the electrical performance of the whole cell 100b.Therefore, it is advantageous to design M to be in a range of 1.5 to 3.96 in order to control the individual photovoltaic cell 100 so that it has an appropriate size, so that a suitable number of photovoltaic cells 100 can be arranged within the limited arrangement length of the cell string 101, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the photovoltaic cell 100 and improve the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cell 100, thereby improving the hot-spot resistance of the respective cell string 101 and ensuring that the photovoltaic cell 100 has good electrical performance.

[0055] In one example, with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the photovoltaic cell 100 a segmented cell 100a. The segmented cell 100a is obtained by cutting an original complete cell wafer 10 along the longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer 10. Along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the long-side dimension L2 of the original complete cell wafer 10 can range from 186 mm to 218 mm, for example, it can be 187 mm, 188 mm, 189 mm, 190 mm, 191 mm, 192 mm, 193 mm, 194 mm, 195 mm, 196 mm, 197 mm, 198 mm, 199 mm, 200 mm, 201 mm, 202 mm, 203 mm, 204 mm, 205 mm, 206 mm, 207 mm, 208 mm, 209 mm, 210 mm, 211 mm, 212 mm, 213 mm, 214 mm, 215 mm, 216 mm or 217 mm. In some embodiments, along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, the short side dimension L1 of the original complete cell wafer 10 can range from 180 mm to 184 mm, for example it can be 181 mm, 182 mm or 183 mm.

[0056] The arrangement of several photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 is described in detail below.

[0057] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 5 these Fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 form a corresponding overlap region 105. In other words, the multiple photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 are stacked together, which can facilitate the arrangement of a larger number of photovoltaic cells 100 within the limited arrangement length of the cell string 101. In some embodiments, along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the ratio of the width of the corresponding overlap region 105 to the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can be less than or equal to 0.008.

[0058] It should be noted that when multiple photovoltaic cells 100 are stacked together in the respective cell string 101, an excessively large width of the overlap area 105 can lead to an increase in the shaded area on the photovoltaic cells 100, which may not be advantageous for improving the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells 100. Therefore, it is advantageous to set the ratio of the width of the overlap area 105 to the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle to less than or equal to 0.008 in order to maximize the number of photovoltaic cells 100 that can be arranged within the limited array length of the cell string 101 and to reduce the shaded area on the photovoltaic cells 100, thus ensuring that the photovoltaic cells 100 exhibit a relatively high electrical performance.

[0059] In some embodiments, along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the width of the overlap area 105 may be less than or equal to 0.4 mm, for example, it may be 0.35 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm.

[0060] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 1, a gap 106 between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101. Along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the ratio of the width of the gap 106 to the short-side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can be less than or equal to 0.04.

[0061] It should be noted that an excessively large gap width 106 can lead to an excessively large distance between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, which may require longer circuits to achieve an electrical connection between adjacent photovoltaic cells 100. Additionally, the cell string 101 may occupy a relatively larger space if the number of photovoltaic cells 100 connected in series in the cell string 101 remains unchanged.Therefore, it is advantageous to set the ratio of the width of the gap 106 to the short side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle to less than or equal to 0.04 in order to control the gap between each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 within a reasonable range and thus to result in a reasonable length of the circuits for the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, in order to avoid an increase in resistance loss in the circuits and the manufacturing costs for laying the circuits and to prevent the cell string 101 from having an excessively long arrangement length, thereby improving the integration of the photovoltaic module.

[0062] In some embodiments, the width of the gap 106 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle can be less than or equal to 2 mm, for example, it can be 1.95 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.85 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.75 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.65 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.55 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.45 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.35 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.15 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.05 mm, 1 mm, 0.95 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.4 mm, The dimensions may be 0.35 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm.

[0063] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 5. Two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101 have a corresponding overlap area 105. The photovoltaic module further includes buffer pads 115, with each buffer pad 115 being arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area 105. In some embodiments, the width of each buffer pad 115 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle is greater than or equal to the width of the corresponding overlap area 105.

[0064] It should be noted that when implementing the electrical connection between two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, the connection structures 102 generally have to be used to weld the components for collecting charge carriers in the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, which can exert a certain force on the photovoltaic cells 100. Furthermore, the arrangement of the overlap area 105 between the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 can increase the risk of voltage concentration in a portion of the photovoltaic cells 100 corresponding to the overlap area 105. Therefore, the respective buffer pad 115, located at least on the corresponding overlap area 105, can reduce the force exerted on the photovoltaic cells 100 through the elasticity of the buffer pad 115.In this way, the risk of stress concentration in the part of the photovoltaic cells 100 corresponding to the overlap areas 105 can be reduced, and the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cells 100 in the overlap areas 105 can be avoided, thereby improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0065] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the width of the buffer pad 115 is set larger than the width of the overlap area 105, so that the buffer pad 115 is positioned further on the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 100 outside the overlap area 105 to protect edges of the photovoltaic cell 100 and to further reduce the risk of cracking of the photovoltaic cells 100 in the overlap areas 105, thereby further improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0066] In some embodiments, reference is made to Fig. 5. When connecting several photovoltaic cells 100 to form a cell string 101, the buffer pad 115 is first pre-positioned on the overlap area 105 corresponding to a first photovoltaic cell 100. Then, one end of the first connection structure 102 is placed on the first photovoltaic cell 100, and the other end of the first connection structure 102 is exposed outside the first photovoltaic cell 100. A second photovoltaic cell 100 is then placed on the other end of the first connection structure 102. In this way, the cell string 101 is formed.

[0067] In some embodiments, the buffer pad 115 can be made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0068] In some embodiments, the width of the buffer pad 115 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle can be less than or equal to 4 mm, for example, it can be 3.9 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.1 mm, 3 mm, 2.9 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.1 mm, 2 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.1 mm, 1 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm, The dimensions may be 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm or 0.1 mm.

[0069] In some examples, the buffer pad 115 can have a thickness in a range of 70 µm to 180 µm along a thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic cell 100 (i.e., in a direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100), for example, it can be 75 µm, 80 µm, 85 µm, 90 µm, 95 µm, 100 µm, 105 µm, 110 µm, 115 µm, 120 µm, 125 µm, 130 µm, 135 µm, 140 µm, 145 µm, 150 µm, 155 µm, 160 µm, 165 µm, 170 µm µm or 175 µm.

[0070] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. 8 or with reference to Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11, each photovoltaic cell 100 further comprises a plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 and a plurality of second busbar electrodes 127, which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell 100 along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. The plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 and the plurality of second busbar electrodes 127 run parallel to short sides (width) of the quasi-rectangle. For two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a respective cell string 101, a respective first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to a corresponding first busbar electrode 117 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 and to a corresponding second busbar electrode 127 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in order to realize the series connection of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell string 101.In this respect, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be considered as a cell with busbars, and the plurality of first busbar electrodes 117 can be considered as busbars with one of the two polarities, and the plurality of second busbar electrodes 127 can be considered as busbars with the other of the two polarities.

[0071] Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 7 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 8 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. Figure 10 is a schematic perspective partial view of a cell string in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0072] Fig. Figure 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0073] Based on this, the two adjacent cell strands 101, which are electrically connected by the second connecting structure 103, are represented as follows.

[0074] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, Fig. Figure 12 shows a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. A corresponding second connection structure 103 is electrically connected to a respective first busbar electrode 117 of one of the two adjacent cell strings 101 and to a respective second busbar electrode 127 of the other of the two adjacent cell strings 101 in order to realize the series connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0075] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, a corresponding second connection structure 103 electrically connected to first busbar electrodes 117 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0076] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, a corresponding second connection structure 103 electrically connected to second busbar electrodes 127 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0077] It should be noted that in the same photovoltaic module, some cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in parallel, and the remaining cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in series, thus creating different current transmission paths within the photovoltaic module. This is advantageous for improving the hot-spot resistance of the photovoltaic module and ensuring that the photovoltaic module has a relatively high output power. Therefore, some second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the series connection of two adjacent cell strings 101, and some other second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the parallel connection of two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0078] Additionally, if the photovoltaic cell 100 is a busbar cell, it can either be a cell (double-sided busbar cell) with busbars on both sides or a cell with busbars on one side (a single-sided busbar cell).

[0079] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. 8. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a double-sided busbar cell, such as a TOPCon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 includes a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102, which is opposite the first surface side 1101 in direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. The first busbar electrodes 117 are arranged on the first surface side 1101 and parallel to the short sides of the quasi-rectangle, and the second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged on the second surface side 1102 and parallel to the short sides of the quasi-rectangle.

[0080] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a single-sided busbar cell, such as a BC cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 encloses a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102, which is opposite the first surface side 1101 in direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. All first busbar electrodes 117 and second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged on the second surface side 1102 and parallel to the short sides of the quasi-rectangle. The first busbar electrodes 117 and the second busbar electrodes 127 are arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle.

[0081] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 or with reference to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, a plurality of first current-collecting electrodes 118 and a plurality of second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged at intervals along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle on at least one surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. The plurality of first current-collecting electrodes 118 and the plurality of second current-collecting electrodes 128 run parallel to the long sides (length) of the quasi-rectangle. For two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the respective cell string 101, a respective first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to the plurality of first current-collecting electrodes 118 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 and to the plurality of second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells, in order to realize the series connection of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell string 101.In this way, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be considered as a busbarless cell, and the plurality of first current-collecting electrodes 118 can be considered as front contacts with one of the two polarities, and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 can be considered as front contacts with the other of the two polarities.

[0082] It should be noted that, in order to improve the electrical connection effect between the adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, a respective first connection structure 102 can be electrically connected to each of the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 and to each of the second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, and therefore the collection efficiency of charge carriers in different areas of the photovoltaic cells 100 can be improved.

[0083] In view of the foregoing, the two adjacent cell strands 101, which are electrically connected by the second connecting structures 103, are shown as follows.

[0084] In some cases, with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 10 and Fig. 12, a second connection structure 103 is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of one of the two adjacent cell strings 101 and to the second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the other of the two adjacent cell strings 101, thus realizing the series connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101. It should be noted that, to improve the series connection effect between the adjacent cell strings 101, the second connection structure 103 can be electrically connected to each of the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of one of the two adjacent cell strings 101 and to each of the second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the other of the two adjacent cell strings 101, and therefore the charge carrier collection efficiency in different areas of the photovoltaic cells 100 can be improved.

[0085] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 10 and Fig. 12, the second connection structure 103 is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101. It should be noted that, to improve the parallel connection effect between the adjacent cell strings 101, the second connection structure 103 can be electrically connected to each of the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of the two adjacent cell strings 101, and therefore the charge carrier collection efficiency in different areas of the photovoltaic cells 100 can be improved.

[0086] In other cases, with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 12, or with reference to Fig. 10 and Fig. 12, the second connection structure 103 is electrically connected to the second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the two adjacent cell strings 101 to realize the parallel connection of the two adjacent cell strings 101. It should be noted that, to improve the parallel connection effect between adjacent cell strings 101, the second connection structure 103 can be electrically connected to each of the second current-collecting electrodes 128 of the two adjacent cell strings 101, and thus the charge carrier collection efficiency in different areas of the photovoltaic cells 100 can be improved.

[0087] It should be noted that in the same photovoltaic module, some cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in parallel, and the remaining cell strings 101 can be designed to be connected in series, thus creating a variety of current transmission paths in the photovoltaic module. This is advantageous for improving the hot-spot resistance of the photovoltaic module and for ensuring that the photovoltaic module has a relatively high output power. Therefore, some second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the series connection of two adjacent cell strings 101, and some other second connection structures 103 can be used to realize the parallel connection of two adjacent cell strings 101.

[0088] Additionally, if the photovoltaic cell 100 is a busbar-free cell, it can either be a cell with front contacts on both sides (double-sided front contact cell) or a cell with front contacts on one side (a single-sided front contact cell).

[0089] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with front contacts on both sides, such as a TOPCon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 includes a first surface 1101 and a second surface 1102, which is opposite the first surface 1101 in direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. The first current-collecting electrodes 118 are arranged on the first surface 1101 and parallel to the long sides of the quasi-rectangle, and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged on the second surface 1102 and parallel to the long sides of the quasi-rectangle.

[0090] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. The photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with front contacts on one side, such as a BC cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 encloses a cell substrate 110. The cell substrate 110 encloses a first surface 1101 and a second surface 1102, which is opposite the first surface 1101 in direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100. The first current-collecting electrodes 118 and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged on the second surface 1102 and parallel to the long sides of the quasi-rectangle. The first current-collecting electrodes 118 and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged alternately along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle.

[0091] The following will describe the internal structure of the photovoltaic cell 100 in the photovoltaic module.

[0092] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 13, Fig. Figure 13 shows a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 can include a cell substrate 110 with two opposing surface faces 1100. At least one surface face 1100 of the two opposing surface faces 1100 includes edge regions 20 spaced at intervals along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, and a central region 30 located between the two edge regions 20. The photovoltaic cell 100 can further include a plurality of current-collecting electrodes 108 spaced at intervals along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The plurality of current-collecting electrodes 108 is arranged on the at least one surface face 1100 and parallel to the long sides of the quasi-rectangle. The photovoltaic cell 100 can further include edge pads 120.Each edge pad 120 is arranged on one side of a respective edge area 20 near the central area 30 and is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode 108.

[0093] It should be noted that the component for electrically connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 is generally the first connection structure 102 described above (see Fig. 7 or Fig. 10) If the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 are electrically connected by the at least one first connection structure 102, the at least one first connection structure 102 is located not only in the central region 30, but also in at least one edge region 20 of the photovoltaic cells 100. For example, a first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to the edge contact 120 in the edge region 20 of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to form a starting solder joint for the electrical connection between the first connection structure 102 and the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, i.e., an initial position at which the welding process begins.The first connection structure 102 is then electrically connected to the edge contact 120 in the edge region 20 of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 to form a terminal solder joint for the electrical connection between the first connection structure 102 and the two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100, i.e., an end position where the soldering process ends. Compared to the solder joints located in the central region 30 of the cell substrate 110, the first connection structure 102 exerts a greater force on the edge pads 120, which serve as the initial or final solder joint. Furthermore, compared to the central region 30, the edge region 20 is more extensively exposed to external forces, and the area within the edge region 20 that is closer to the periphery of the cell substrate 110 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle is more likely to be exposed to greater external forces.

[0094] Based on this, the edge pad 120 is designed to be in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode 108, which can be advantageous for increasing the orthographic projection areas of the edge pad 120 on the cell substrate 110. In this way, it is possible to reduce the transmission resistance of the edge pad 120, improve the charge carrier collection efficiency of the edge pad 120, and further improve the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure 102 and the edge pads 120.Therefore, cold solder joints or solder joint separations caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure 102 on the edge pads 120, which serve as the initial or final solder joint, can be avoided, the charge carrier collection efficiency of the edge pads 120 can be improved, and the connection stability between the first connection structure 102 and the edge pads 120 can be improved.

[0095] It should be noted that in some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with front contacts on both sides, such as a TOPCon cell, a PERC cell, or a heterojunction cell. The photovoltaic cell 100 includes the surface sides 1100, and the surface sides 1100 include a first surface side 1101 and a second surface side 1102, and the current-collecting electrodes 108 include first current-collecting electrodes 118 located on the first surface side 1101 and second current-collecting electrodes 128 located on the second surface side 1102. In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with front contacts on one side, such as a BC cell, the current-collecting electrodes 108 include first current-collecting electrodes 118 and second current-collecting electrodes 128 which are located on the same surface side 1100, and the first current-collecting electrodes 118 and the second current-collecting electrodes 128 are arranged alternately along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle.

[0096] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell 100 can be described with reference to Fig. 13 further include: edge conductors 137 arranged in the edge regions 20, and at least one central conductor 147 arranged in the central region 30. Each edge conductor 137 is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode 108, and each central conductor 147 is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode 108. Along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, the width of each edge conductor 137 is greater than the width of each central conductor 147.The respective edge pad 120 is in contact with the respective center conductor 147 on a side of the respective edge pad 120 that is close to the central area 30 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, and the respective edge pad 120 is in contact with the respective edge conductor 137 on a side of the respective edge pad 120 that is away from the central area 30 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle.

[0097] It should be noted that along the short side X of the quasi-rectangle, at least one current-collecting electrode 108 is provided on the side of the respective edge pad 120 that faces away from the central area 30 in the cell substrate 110. The at least one current-collecting electrode 108 can be in contact with the respective edge conductor 137, so that the respective edge conductor 137 can collect current in the at least one current-collecting electrode 108 and transfer the collected current to the respective edge pad 120.The width of each edge conductor 137 is designed to be larger than the width of each center conductor 147, which improves the connection strength between the edge conductors 137 and the cell substrate 110 by using edge conductors 137 with large dimensions, avoids breakage of the edge conductors 137 due to excessive stress in the edge area 20 and reduces the transmission resistance of the edge conductors 137.Additionally, when the electrical connection between the first connection structure 102 and two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 is realized, the alignment accuracy and connection strength between the first connection structure 102 and the edge conductors 137 can be improved, cold solder joints, solder joint separation or breakage caused by excessive force exerted by the first connection structure 102 on the edge conductors 137 can be avoided, the charge carrier collection efficiency of the edge conductors 137 can be improved and the connection stability between the first connection structure 102 and the edge conductors 137 can be improved.

[0098] Furthermore, in contrast to the design of a harpoon structure, which includes two bus lines with different extension directions in the edge region, the disclosure provides edge lines 137 to collect the current in the current-collecting electrodes 108, which are arranged in the edge regions 20. Provided that the layout lengths of the respective photovoltaic cell are equal along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the extension length of the edge line 137 is shorter than the extension length of the bus bars in the harpoon structure. This reduces the layout area occupied by the edge lines 137 on the cell substrate 110, thereby reducing the material consumption of the edge lines 137 and further lowering their manufacturing costs. It also further reduces the area of ​​the light-shielding zone caused by the edge lines 137.In this way, more areas of the cell substrate 110 are free from shielding in order to increase the total amount of light received by the photovoltaic cell 100.

[0099] In some cases, the edge conductors 137 and the center conductors 147 can be considered as strip-shaped structures extending along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. Along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, each edge conductor 137 and each center conductor 147 with matching directions of extension can be considered as subcomponents of the same busbar electrode. When a plurality of photovoltaic cells 100 are subsequently electrically connected to form a cell string 101, each first connection structure 102 is electrically connected to each edge conductor 137 and each center conductor 147 belonging to the same busbar electrode. With reference to Fig. 8 or Fig. 11 the busbar electrode can be the first busbar electrode 117 or the aforementioned second busbar electrode 127.

[0100] It should be noted that along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, the respective edge conductor 137 and the respective center conductor 147 may or may not be separated with matching directions of extension, but the respective edge conductor 137 and the respective center conductor 147 are each in contact with different sides of a respective edge pad 120.

[0101] In some examples, with reference to Fig. 13, the surface side 1100 of the cell substrate 110 includes a plurality of weld areas (not labelled in the figure) arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. The respective edge conductor 137 and the respective center conductor 147, with matching directions of extension along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, are located in the same weld area and are subsequently electrically connected by an identical first connection structure.

[0102] It should be noted that Fig. Figure 13 illustrates only two welding areas at the edges on two opposite sides along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle in the cell substrate 110, and shows both the edge conductor 137 and the center conductor 147 in the welding area closest to the edge. In practical applications, the number of welding areas with center conductors can be greater than the number of welding areas with edge conductors. In other words, center conductors are provided in at least some of the welding areas, but no edge conductors are provided. For example, the welding area closest to the edge does not have an edge conductor, but it does have a center conductor.

[0103] In one example, center conductors may be provided at every welding area, while edge conductors may not be provided at some of the welding areas. For instance, edge conductors may not be provided at at least one welding area near the edge.

[0104] With reference to Fig. 14, is Fig. Figure 14 shows a schematic partial top view of a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure. The photovoltaic cell 100 further includes reinforcing sections 157. Each reinforcing section 157 is arranged on one side of a respective edge conductor 137 facing away from the cell substrate 110. In this way, the risk of breakage of the edge conductors 137 can be further reduced by the connecting and fixing effect of the reinforcing sections 157 on the edge conductors 137, thereby ensuring the effective collection of charge carriers in the edge regions 20 by the edge conductors 137 to further improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic cell.Furthermore, the charge carriers collected by the edge conductors 137 can be transported directly vertically to the first connecting structure 102 through the reinforcement sections 157 without first being transferred to the edge pads 120, which can be advantageous for shortening the transfer path of the charge carriers.

[0105] It should be noted that Fig. Figure 14 merely illustrates a morphology of the gain section 157. In practical applications, the morphology of the gain sections can be provided according to the actual requirements. Additionally, the photovoltaic cell is shown along a short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle by truncated wavy lines in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 is truncated to illustrate the edge regions 20 and the central region 30 of the photovoltaic cell along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The photovoltaic cell is truncated along a longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle by other truncated wavy lines in Fig. 13 and Fig. Figure 14 is truncated to illustrate two sides of the photovoltaic cell along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. Furthermore, the truncated wavy lines are in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 drawn with dashed lines.

[0106] In some cases, with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 13, or Fig. 5 and Fig. 14, two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100 in a respective cell string 101 have a corresponding overlap area 105. The photovoltaic module can further include buffer pads 115, wherein each buffer pad 115 is arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area 105. Along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, a buffer pad 115 and an edge pad 120 are spaced apart by a distance, and the value of the distance can be in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm, for example it can be 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm or the like.

[0107] It should be noted that the respective edge pad 120, which serves as the starting or ending solder joint of the respective first connection structure 102, must form good electrical contact with the respective first connection structure 102, and therefore the respective buffer pad 115 should not be located on the respective edge pad 120. Therefore, in the disclosure, the respective buffer pad 115 and the respective edge pad 120 are separated by a gap. Furthermore, the arrangement of the buffer pads 115 raises a section of the respective first connection structure 102 located on or near the respective buffer pad 115, thereby increasing the distance between the respective first connection structure 102 and the respective edge pad 120.Based on this, adjusting the distance between the respective buffer pad 115 and the respective edge pad 120 in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm can provide sufficient buffer distance for the first connection structure 102, thereby avoiding excessive bending of the first connection structure 102 when a contact connection is realized between the respective first connection structure 102 and the respective edge pad 120, thus reducing the force exerted on the cell substrate 110 by the bending of the first connection structure 102 in order to avoid cracking and improve the structural stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0108] The electrical connection relationship between several cell strings 101 in the photovoltaic module is described in detail below.

[0109] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 12, the photovoltaic module comprises three cell string groups 111 connected in series along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle. Each cell string group 111 of the three cell string groups 111 includes four parallel cell strings 101, the four cell strings 101 being arranged along the longitudinal direction Y and the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. In this way, both parallel and series cell strings 101 are provided in the photovoltaic module, which can be advantageous for providing more current pathways, thereby reducing the effect of a fault in the respective cell string 101 on the photovoltaic module and increasing the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic module, thus improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0110] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 12 The three cell strand groups 111, a first cell strand group 111a, a second cell strand group 111b, and a third cell strand group 111c, are arranged in series. Each cell strand group 111 includes two opposing exit terminals 121 along the short side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The second connection structures 103 can include: first wiring elements 113, each extending along the long side Y of the quasi-rectangle. In Fig. 12 The first cell strand group 111a and the second cell strand group 111b are connected in series via two first wiring elements 113. The second connection structures 103 can further include: a second wiring element 123 extending along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. In Fig. 12, the second wiring element 123 is electrically connected to a corresponding first wiring element of the two first wiring elements 113 at each of the two opposite ends of the second wiring element 123 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The second connection structures 103 may further include: third wiring elements 133, each extending along the longitudinal direction Y of the quasi-rectangle, and each third wiring element 133 is arranged between two adjacent cell strands 101 in an identical cell strand group 111 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The respective third wiring element 133 is configured to connect two adjacent cell strands 101 in parallel along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle. The second connection structures 103 may further include: a fourth wiring element 143. In Fig. 12 The fourth wiring element 143 is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the two output terminals 121 of the third cell strand group 113c at one end of two opposite ends of the fourth wiring element 143 along the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle, and the fourth wiring element 143 is electrically connected to a third wiring element 133 corresponding to the second cell strand group 111b at a central section of the fourth wiring element 143. With reference to Fig. 12 and Fig. 1 Each output terminal 121 can be considered as an integral unit formed by the multitude of first connection structures 102 in a single photovoltaic cell 100.

[0111] In this way, both the parallel connection of the cell strings 101 in the cell string groups 111 and the series connection between different cell string groups 111 can be realized using the four types of wiring elements, in order to realize the circuit arrangement in the photovoltaic module with as few wiring elements as possible, thereby reducing the area occupied by the wiring elements in the photovoltaic module and lowering the manufacturing costs of the wiring elements.

[0112] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 12, Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, the second wiring element 123 is provided with a lead-out section 1231, which projects along direction Z perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cell 100 in the center of the second wiring element 123. The photovoltaic module can further include: a first bypass diode 119. In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 The first bypass diode 119 is electrically connected between the lead-out section 1231 and a third wiring element 133, which corresponds to the first cell string group 111a. The photovoltaic module may further include: a second bypass diode 129. In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 The second bypass diode 129 is electrically connected between the lead-out section 1231 and a third wiring element 133, corresponding to the second cell string group 111b. The photovoltaic module may further include: a third bypass diode 139. In Fig. 16 the third bypass diode 139 is electrically connected between the fourth wiring element 143 and a third wiring element 133, which corresponds to the third cell strand group 111c.

[0113] Fig. Figure 15 is a schematic enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a dashed circle A in Fig. 12 and Fig. 16 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the one in Fig. 12 photovoltaic modules shown.

[0114] In this way, with reference to Fig. 12, Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, if the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the first cell string group 111a are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the first bypass diode 119 forms a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the first bypass diode 119 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the first cell string group 111a.It should be noted that the first bypass diode 119 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the first cell string group 111a via the second wiring element 123 (i.e., the first bypass diode 119 is connected in parallel to the first cell string group 111a, but with opposite polarities).

[0115] Accordingly, if the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the second cell string group 111b are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot-spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current that is lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the second bypass diode 129 can form a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the second bypass diode 129 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the second cell string group 111b.It should be noted that the second bypass diode 129 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the second cell strand group 111b via the second wiring element 123 (i.e., the second bypass diode 129 is connected in parallel to the second cell strand group 111b, but with opposite polarities).

[0116] If the photovoltaic cells 100 in any cell string 101 within the third cell string group 111c are shaded or faulty, resulting in a hot spot effect (i.e., some photovoltaic cells 100 in the photovoltaic module have a short-circuit current lower than the operating current of the photovoltaic module due to external reasons such as shading or internal reasons such as cracking, so that the photovoltaic cells 100 are in a reverse voltage state and consume energy generated by other areas), the third bypass diode 139 can form a forward voltage, allowing the current to bypass the shaded or faulty cell string 101 and flow through the third bypass diode 139 without affecting the normal current generation of other cell strings 101 in the third cell string group 111c.It should be noted that the third bypass diode 139 can be connected in reverse direction in parallel to the third cell strand group 111c via the fourth wiring element 143 (i.e., the third bypass diode 139 is connected in parallel to the third cell strand group 113c, but with opposite polarities).

[0117] In one example, referring to Fig. 15, the photovoltaic module further includes two junction boxes 109, and the first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129 are located in the same junction box 109 of the two junction boxes 109. It should be noted that the exit section 1231 of the second wiring element 123 can extend into the junction box 109 to be electrically connected to the first bypass diode 119 and the second bypass diode 129, respectively. This is advantageous for reducing the number of junction boxes 109, thereby lowering the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module and reducing the shading of the photovoltaic module caused by the junction boxes 109, in order to increase the effective light-absorbing area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0118] With reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. 8 or with reference to Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11 The photovoltaic module can further include an encapsulation film 41. The encapsulation film 41 is configured to cover a surface of the cell strings 101. The photovoltaic module can further include at least one cover plate 42. A corresponding cover plate 42 is configured to cover a surface of the packaging film 41 facing away from the cell strings 101.

[0119] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 to Fig. 8, the photovoltaic cell 100 is a cell with electrodes on both sides. The electrodes can include only front contacts or both busbars and front contacts. The busbars refer to the busbar electrodes described in the preceding embodiments, and the front contacts refer to the current-collecting electrodes 108 described in the preceding embodiments.

[0120] It should be noted that several photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structures 102. Fig. 7 and Fig. Figure 8 merely illustrates a positional relationship between the photovoltaic cells 100. That is, the current-collecting electrodes of the same polarity of the photovoltaic cells 100 point in the same direction, or in other words, the first surface faces 1101, which are provided with the first current-collecting electrodes 118 of the photovoltaic cells 100, are all arranged facing the same direction. Therefore, the first connecting structure 102 is connected to the opposite sides of each pair of adjacent photovoltaic cells 100.In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be arranged such that the current-collecting electrodes with different polarities face the same side; that is, the current-collecting electrodes on the same side of the plurality of adjacent photovoltaic cells are arranged in a sequence of the first current-collecting electrode, the second current-collecting electrode, and the first current-collecting electrode, and so on. In this case, the first connection structure is connected to the same side of two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

[0121] In other embodiments, with reference to Fig. 9, Fig. 10 to Fig. 11, the photovoltaic cell 100, is a cell with electrodes on one side, such as a BC cell. These BC cells include, but are not limited to, interdigitated back-contact cells (IBC cells), heterojunction back-contact cells (HBC cells), TOPCon back-contact cells (TBC cells), or HTBC cells. The HTBC cell refers to photovoltaic cells with heterojunction and tunnel oxide passivation contact hybrid passivation back contact. Additionally, the electrodes may include only front contacts or include both busbars and front contacts. The busbars refer to the busbar electrodes described in the preceding embodiments, and the front contacts refer to the current-collecting electrodes 108 described in the preceding embodiments.

[0122] It should be noted that several photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected through the first connection structures 102. Fig. 9 and Fig. Figure 10 merely illustrates a positional relationship between the photovoltaic cells 100. That is, the sides of the photovoltaic cells 100 with the current-collecting electrodes 108 are arranged facing the same side, so that the first connecting structure 102 is connected to the same side of any two adjacent photovoltaic cells 100. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic cells can also be arranged such that the current-collecting electrodes of two adjacent photovoltaic cells are located on different sides, so that the first connecting structure is connected to different sides of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

[0123] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 8 or Fig. 11, the encapsulation film 41 comprises a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer. The first encapsulation layer is configured to cover either the front or the back of the respective photovoltaic cell 100, and the second encapsulation layer is configured to cover the other side of the front or the back of the respective photovoltaic cell 100. In particular, at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the second encapsulation layer can be an organic encapsulation film, such as a polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film (EVA film), a polyolefin elastomer (POE) film, or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Alternatively, at least one of the first encapsulation layer or the second encapsulation layer can be a film, such as an EP film, an EPE film, or a PVP film.EP film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of laminated EVA film and POE film; EPE film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of successively laminated EVA film, POE film, and EVA film; and PVP film refers to a co-extruded film consisting of laminated POE film, EVA film, and POE film. The co-extruded film can be produced by sequentially extruding one or more raw materials onto another previously manufactured film during a film processing operation, or by bonding together different types of previously manufactured films.

[0124] In some embodiments, a boundary line exists between the first and second encapsulation layers prior to lamination. After the lamination process, the photovoltaic module is formed without the concept of a first and second encapsulation layer; that is, the first and second encapsulation layers have formed an integral encapsulation film 41.

[0125] In some embodiments, the cover plate 42 can be a transparent cover plate, such as a glass cover plate or a plastic cover plate. In particular, each cover plate 42 has a concave-convex surface or a structured surface with several projecting structures on one side of the cover plate 42 facing the encapsulation film 41 to increase the utilization rate of the incident light. The at least one cover plate 42 includes a first cover plate and a second cover plate, the first cover plate facing the first encapsulation layer and the second cover plate facing the second encapsulation layer.

[0126] In some embodiments, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 to Fig. 16. Cases in which the short-side direction X of the quasi-rectangle (hereinafter also described as the first direction X) intersects with the long-side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle (hereinafter also described as the second direction Y), the following applies: the short-side direction X and the long-side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle are orthogonal to each other, or an included angle formed by the short-side direction X and the long-side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.

[0127] In some embodiments, the included angle formed by the short side direction X and the long side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle can range from 45° to 90°, for example 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80° or 85°.

[0128] In some embodiments, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15 to Fig. 16, the thickness direction Z (hereinafter also referred to as the third direction Z) of the photovoltaic cell 100 perpendicular to a plane formed by the short side direction X and the long side direction Y of the quasi-rectangle.

[0129] Therefore, the ratio of the short side dimension W1 to the long side dimension W2 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the width-to-length ratio of the respective photovoltaic cell 100, and the ratio of the long side dimension W2 to the short side dimension W1 of the quasi-rectangle can be considered the length-to-width ratio of the respective photovoltaic cell 100. In the photovoltaic module of the disclosure, the length-to-width ratio of the respective photovoltaic cell 100 is smaller than the number of cell strings 101 connected in parallel. In this way, it is possible to reduce the overall size of the respective photovoltaic cells 100 in order to decrease the output current of the respective photovoltaic cell 100 and consequently to minimize the output current of the cell strings 101.Furthermore, configuring a larger number of parallel-connected cell strings 101 does not increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, which can help reduce the output power of the cell strings 101 and ensure that the photovoltaic module as a whole has a relatively high output power. Moreover, the length-to-width ratio (i.e., M) or width-to-length ratio (i.e., 1 / M) of the photovoltaic cell 100 can be further reduced by increasing the number (i.e., N) of parallel-connected cell strings 101. In this way, firstly, the output current of the photovoltaic cells 100 and the cell strings 101 can be significantly reduced, thereby decreasing the power loss caused by the circuits for the electrical connection of different photovoltaic cells 100 in the cell strings 101, thus further improving the output power of the photovoltaic module.Furthermore, by reducing the output current required in each cell string 101, various photovoltaic cells 100 can be electrically connected using thinner circuits, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module. Secondly, designing more parallel branches based on the reduction of the output current of the cell strings 101 is advantageous for reducing the impact of internal faults in each cell string 101 on the overall output power of the photovoltaic module, thus improving the output stability of the photovoltaic module. Thirdly, the width-to-length ratio of each photovoltaic cell 100 can be reduced by decreasing the size of each individual photovoltaic cell 100.The small size of the photovoltaic cell 100 reduces the risk of cracking due to stress, and the hot-spot effect caused by damage to the photovoltaic cell 100 under load is reduced. This lessens the impact on the temperature of surrounding photovoltaic cells 100 and is advantageous in reducing the risk of the photovoltaic module burning out due to the hot-spot effect. This improves the mechanical performance of the photovoltaic module and enhances its hot-spot resistance. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the aforementioned aspects is beneficial for improving the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells.

[0130] In the drawings, the thicknesses of layers, films, panels, areas, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. The same reference symbols denote the same elements throughout the description. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, area, or substrate is described as being "on" another element, it may be located directly on top of that element, or there may be intermediate elements. Conversely, when an element is described as being "directly on" another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will understand that the aforementioned various embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present disclosure. In practical applications, various changes to the form and details can be made without altering the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without altering the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure shall be subject to the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

[1] Photovoltaic module, comprising: a cell string group comprising N columns of cell strings (101) connected in parallel to each other, wherein each cell string (101) of the N columns of cell strings (101) comprises a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (100), wherein each photovoltaic cell (100) of the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) has a quasi-rectangular shape with a width (W1) and a length (W2) that is longer than the width (W1), and a ratio of the width (W1) to the length (W2) is 1 / M: 1, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is less than N; a plurality of first connection structures (102), wherein each first connection structure (102) of the plurality of first connection structures (102) is electrically connected to two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) in a corresponding cell string (101); and a plurality of second connection structures (103), wherein each second connection structure (103) of the plurality of second connection structures (103) is electrically connected to two adjacent cell strings (101). [2] Photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) is a segmented cell (100a), the segmented cell (100a) is obtained by cutting an original complete cell wafer (10) along a longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer (10), and the segmented cell (100a) is 1 / S of the original complete cell wafer (10), wherein S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; wherein the longitudinal direction of the original complete cell wafer (10) is a short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle. [3] Photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein the original complete cell wafer (10) encloses four corners and is provided at each corner of the four corners with a corresponding chamfered structure (104); wherein, in response to S being greater than 2, S segmented cells (100a) are classified as first segmented cells (110a) with beveled structures (104) and at least one second segmented cell (120a) without beveled structures (104), wherein each first segmented cell (110a) of the first segmented cells (110a) is provided with the beveled structures (104) at two opposite corners of the respective first segmented cell (110a) along a longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle and is provided with no beveled structures (104) at the other two opposite corners of the respective first segmented cell (110a) along the longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle; where the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of first segmented cells (110a) or a plurality of second segmented cells (120a). [4] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) is a whole cell (100b), and the whole cell (100b) is provided with chamfered structures (104) at two opposite corners of the whole cell (100b) along a longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, and furthermore is provided with chamfered structures (104) at the other two opposite corners of the whole cell (100b) along the longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle. [5] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein M is in a range of 1.5 to 3.

96. [6] Photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) of the respective cell string (101) are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area (105) between each two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100), wherein a ratio of a width of the corresponding overlap area (105) to the width of the quasi-rectangle is less than or equal to 0.008 along a short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle. [7] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) of the respective cell string (101) are spaced apart from each other by a gap (106), wherein a ratio of a width of the gap (106) to the width of the quasi-rectangle is less than or equal to 0.

04. [8] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) of the respective cell string (101) are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area (105) between each two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100); wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises buffer pads (115), wherein each buffer pad (115) of the buffer pads (115) is arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area (105), wherein a width of each buffer pad (115) is greater than or equal to a width of the corresponding overlap area (105) along a short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle. [9] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) further comprises first busbar electrodes (117) and second busbar electrodes (127) which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell (100) along a longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, and the first busbar electrodes (117) and the second busbar electrodes (127) run parallel to short sides of the quasi-rectangle; wherein for two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) in the respective cell string (101) a respective first connecting structure (102) is electrically connected to a corresponding first busbar electrode (117) of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) and a corresponding second busbar electrode (127) of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100); wherein for two adjacent cell strings (101) in the photovoltaic module a respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to a respective first busbar electrode (117) of one of the two adjacent cell strings (101) and a respective second busbar electrode (127) of the other of the two adjacent cell strings (101), or the respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to first busbar electrodes (117) of the two adjacent cell strings (101), or the respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to second busbar electrodes (127) of the two adjacent cell strings (101). [10] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) further comprises first current-collecting electrodes (118) and second current-collecting electrodes (128) which are arranged at intervals on at least one surface of the respective photovoltaic cell (100) along a short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, and the first current-collecting electrodes (118) and the second current-collecting electrodes (128) run parallel to long sides of the quasi-rectangle; wherein for two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) in the respective cell string (101) a respective first connecting structure (102) is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes (118) of one of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100) and to the second current-collecting electrodes (128) of the other of the two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100); wherein for two adjacent cell strings (101) in the photovoltaic module a respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to the first current-collecting electrodes (118) of one of the two adjacent cell strings (101) and the second current-collecting electrodes (128) of the other of the two adjacent cell strings (101), or the respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to a plurality of first current-collecting electrodes (118) of the two adjacent cell strings (101), or the respective second connection structure (103) is electrically connected to a plurality of second current-collecting electrodes (128) of the two adjacent cell strings (101). [11] Photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) includes: a cell substrate (110) with two opposite surface sides (1100), wherein at least one surface side (1100) of the two surface sides (1100) includes two edge regions (20) arranged at intervals along a short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, and a central region (30) arranged between the two edge regions (20); current-collecting electrodes (108) arranged at intervals on at least one surface side (1100) along the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein the current-collecting electrodes (108) run parallel to long sides of the quasi-rectangle; and Edge pads (120), wherein each edge pad (120) is located on one side of a respective edge area (20) near the central area (30) and is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode (108) of the current-collecting electrodes (108). [12] Photovoltaic module according to claim 11, wherein the respective photovoltaic cell (100) further comprises: at least one edge line (137) located within a respective edge region (20) of the two edge regions (20) and extending along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; and at least one central conductor (147) located in the central area (30) and extending along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; wherein the at least one edge conductor (137) is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode (108) of the current-collecting electrodes (108), and the at least one center conductor (147) is in contact with at least one current-collecting electrode (108) of the current-collecting electrodes (108); wherein in a longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle the at least one edge conductor (137) has a width that is greater than a width of the at least one central conductor (147); wherein the respective edge pad (120) is in contact with a respective center line (147) on a side of the respective edge pad (120) that is close to the central area (30) along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, and the respective edge pad (120) is in contact with a respective edge line (137) on a side of the respective edge pad (120) that is away from the central area (30) along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle. [13] Photovoltaic module according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic cells (100) of the respective cell string (101) are stacked together to form a corresponding overlap area (105) between each two adjacent photovoltaic cells (100); wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises: buffer pads (115), wherein each buffer pad (115) of the buffer pads (115) is arranged at least on the corresponding overlap area (105), wherein the respective buffer pad (115) and the respective edge pad (120) are spaced apart by a distance in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle. [14] Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the photovoltaic module includes three cell string groups (111) connected in series along a longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each cell string group (111) of the three cell string groups (111) includes four parallel cell strings (101), and the four cell strings (101) are arranged in an arrangement along the longitudinal direction (Y) or a short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; wherein the three cell strand groups (111) include a first cell strand group (111a), a second cell strand group (111b) and a third cell strand group (111c) connected in series, and each cell strand group (111) has two opposite exit terminals (121) along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; including the multitude of second connection structures (103): first wiring elements (113) extending along the longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein the first cell strand group (111a) and the second cell strand group (111b) are connected in series via two first wiring elements (113); a second wiring element (123) extending along the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein the second wiring element (123) is electrically connected to a corresponding first wiring element (113) of the two first wiring elements (113) at each of the two opposite ends of the second wiring element (123) along the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; third wiring elements (133) extending along the longitudinal direction (Y) of the quasi-rectangle, wherein each third wiring element (133) is arranged between two adjacent cell strands (101) in an identical cell strand group (111) along the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle, and the respective third wiring element (133) is configured to connect the two adjacent cell strands (101) in parallel along the short-side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle; and a fourth wiring element (143), wherein the fourth wiring element (143) is electrically connected at each end of two opposite ends of the fourth wiring element (143) along the short side direction (X) of the quasi-rectangle to a corresponding one of the two exit terminals (121) of the third cell string group (111c), and wherein the fourth wiring element (143) is electrically connected at a middle section of the fourth wiring element (143) to a third wiring element (133) corresponding to the second cell string group (111b). [15] Photovoltaic module according to claim 14, wherein the photovoltaic module further comprises: two connection boxes (109); and a first bypass diode (119) and a second bypass diode (129), wherein the first bypass diode (119) and the second bypass diode (129) are arranged in a terminal box (109) of the two terminal boxes (109).

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