DEVICE FOR EMPTYING DURING SHAFT DIGGING

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for emptying a skip of rock / soil loosened during the sinking of a shaft, comprising a chute for conveying the rock / soil / material emptied from the skip, which is movable linearly between a skip transport position and a skip emptying position by means of an actuator.

[0002] When sinking a shaft, it is necessary to remove the rock / soil dislodged from the shaft bottom. For this purpose, open-topped skips are used as hoisting containers, which are moved up and down by a winch. For example, skips with a capacity of 7 m³ and a total weight of approximately 20 tons when filled are used.

[0003] It is advantageous, in a known manner, to use skips that are moved up and down in the shaft using a double drum winder (Blair-Winder / double drum Blair-Winder), in which the weight of the ropes and skips balances out and thus saves drive power.

[0004] A double-drum winch is provided at the surface, featuring a drive that powers a first drum shaft. A first drum is mounted on this shaft, onto which a first hoist rope can be wound up and unwound, for example, from below. This drum shaft is connected to a second drum shaft, optionally via a coupling, so that the drive rotates both the first and second drum shafts. A second drum is mounted on this second drum shaft, onto which a second hoist rope can be wound up and unwound, for example, from above and below, in a second winding direction. The drum directions are opposite, so that one hoist rope is wound up while the other is simultaneously unwound, and vice versa, while both drums and both drum shafts are rotated in the same direction by the drive.In their respective temporary end positions, one skip is located at the bottom of the shaft to be filled, which is represented here by a bunker at the filling point, while the other skip is located at the top, for example above ground, to be emptied in the area of ​​the so-called hanging bank, represented here by a chute, through which the loosened rock / soil (material) contained in the skip is conveyed away.

[0005] In mining, the term "hanging bench" refers to the devices and installations in the surface / shaft hoisting building that serve to empty the skips.

[0006] It is generally known to those skilled in the art that guide ropes are tensioned in the shaft as shaft guides, along which, for example, a guide carriage travels safely up and down. The guide carriage is detachably connected to a hoisting rope, for example, via a releasable locking mechanism. The guide carriage, along with the skip, is moved up and down in the shaft by the hoisting rope. A hook is attached to the hoisting rope, to which the skip is suspended, for example, by a chain sling. Alternatively, a pivoting support bracket mounted on the skip can be used. The skip is suspended by the chain sling so that it can move / pivot. For emptying, the skip is moved to an area above the landing platform. Subsequently, a chain (not shown), referred to here as a tipping chain, is detachably attached to a connecting element in the form of an eyelet.The skip is then lowered by lowering the haulage rope and rotated around a horizontal axis (not shown) by the tilting chain, i.e., tilted when the chain is taut. The further the haulage rope is lowered, the more the skip tilts until the excavated soil / rock falls out of the skip into a chute by gravity. Once the skip is completely empty, the haulage rope is raised again and the skip is returned to a vertical position. The tilting chain is then released from the connecting element, and the skip can be lowered back into the shaft.

[0007] It is further known to those skilled in the art that a bucket is loosely guided within the shaft by guide ropes or slats. Above the shaft, for example, a tipping device is arranged, which essentially consists of a frame supporting a connecting chute and a trough-shaped chute. While the connecting chute is fixed to the frame, the trough-shaped chute can be pivoted about a hinge, such that it is pivoted into the conveying path of the bucket and, at the same time, assumes a position pivoted out of the conveying path. The pivoting is effected by a working cylinder. In the tilted position, the material contained in the bucket is emptied into the trough-shaped chute and, via the connecting chute, into a conveyor car.The tipping of the bucket is achieved by a hook, positioned in the longitudinal median plane of the chute above its inner bottom surface and along the section of its length that pivots into the bucket's conveying path, engaging an annular groove in the bucket that is open towards the center of the bucket's bottom. Lowering the hoist rope pivots the bucket around the pivot point formed by the hook until the material can flow into the chute. The bucket is then pivoted back by raising the hoist rope, and the chute is swung out of the conveying path.

[0008] Filling the skip on the sinking device in the shaft takes approximately 30 seconds, for example. Emptying the skip in the headframe takes considerably longer, for example approximately 90 to 180 seconds.

[0009] Another difficulty is that emptying the skip in the headframe requires moving the hoisting rope, which, due to the double winch setup, also moves the skip in the shaft. This means that the skip at the bottom cannot be filled while it is being emptied, or that emptying at the top and filling at the bottom must be carried out separately.

[0010] DE1081396B discloses various devices for emptying a skip during the sinking of a shaft, removing the excavated rock / soil contained within it. It is disclosed that mechanizing the skip's tipping process is advantageous. Two variants operate by attaching a chain to effect the tipping motion for emptying the skip into a chute. Furthermore, two additional embodiments are disclosed, employing a tipping device. One solution of each variant requires lowering the hoisting rope, while the other solutions do not require any movement of the hoisting rope. For the chain solutions, a chute pivotable about a pivot point is disclosed between an emptying position and a skip transport position. The aforementioned disadvantages apply here. The tipping device includes a piston rotatably connected about a pivot point to a settling chair that serves as a form support for the skip.Furthermore, the piston is pivotally connected to one side of the chute at its upper edge, so that the chute is raised or pivoted along with the extension and pivoting of the cylinder. The chute has, for example, a tipping hopper at its upper end, consisting of a forked frame with a head for receiving the bucket. Extending and pivoting the piston moves the bucket into the settling chamber. The settling chamber, with the bucket, is then rotated around the pivot point by further pivoting or extending the piston, moved into the tipping hopper, and emptied. Finally, the settling chamber and bucket are rotated back by retracting the piston. Moving the piston raises the chute and moves it into the emptying position.

[0011] The object of the invention is to improve the emptying of the skips in the headframe so that the emptying time is reduced and the hoisting rope does not have to be moved along with it.

[0012] The problem is solved according to the invention as per claim 1. Further detailed solutions are defined by the dependent claims.

[0013] This results in a significant reduction in bucket cycle times, and the operation becomes much more automatic and safer.

[0014] In particular, the solution according to the invention provides that a receiving element for the conveying bucket is provided, which is designed to establish a holding connection between the chute and the conveying bucket, that the receiving element is rotatably arranged on the chute about an axis of rotation, so that the receiving element can be pivoted between a receiving position and an emptying position by means of an actuator arranged between the chute and the receiving element.

[0015] The tipping of the skip without moving the conveyor rope is easily achieved here, allowing the lower skip to be filled while the upper skip is emptied. Furthermore, this method allows for easy automation of skip emptying, particularly in unmanned operation.

[0016] A further aspect of the invention provides that the receiving element has a rotating section and an engagement section with a connecting section of the conveying bucket, preferably in the form of at least one projecting element, for example in the form of a fork element. It has been shown that this provides a quickly detachable but secure connection.

[0017] A further aspect of the invention provides that the rotating section can be pivoted by means of an actuator, preferably a hydraulic cylinder. This enables simple, quick, and safe operation.

[0018] A further aspect of the invention provides that the chute is constructed in at least two parts, one part, for example the upper chute section, being movable relative to the other part, for example the chute base. It is advantageous that the relative movement can be effected by means of an actuator, preferably a hydraulic cylinder. It has been shown that this enables a simple and safe process of moving the chute into and out of the conveying path of the conveying bucket.

[0019] Another teaching of the invention provides that the conveyor rope of the conveyor bucket is essentially not deflectable when the receiving element is pivoted.

[0020] Another teaching of the invention provides that the conveying bucket can be pivoted by more than 90 degrees.

[0021] Another teaching of the invention provides that the conveying bucket can be pivoted until it is parallel to the bottom of the chute.

[0022] A further aspect of the invention provides for a rotary device with which the chute and / or the receiving element can be pivoted horizontally between two receiving or emptying positions. This makes it possible to empty two separate conveying buckets one after the other using a device according to the invention in a simple manner.

[0023] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and a drawing. The drawing shows... Fig. 1 shows a side view of a skip with a guide carriage and a connecting element for the device according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a double-drum conveyor system with two skips and a filling point in the area of ​​a temporary shaft floor and an emptying point above ground with a device according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a spatial representation of the device according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a side view of the device according to the invention with a freely suspended skip. Fig. 5 shows a side view of the device according to the invention with a connected skip. Fig. 6 shows a side view of the device according to the invention with a tilted skip. Fig. 7 shows a side view of the device according to the invention with a further tilted skip. Fig. 8 shows a pivotable embodiment of the device according to the invention with skips.

[0024] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a skip 200 for use with a device 10 according to the invention for emptying a skip during the sinking of a shaft. Guide cables 100 are stretched in the shaft (not shown) as shaft guides, on which, for example, a guide carriage 110 travels up and down in the shaft in a secure manner. Other shaft guides such as rails or the like are also possible.

[0025] The guide carriage 110 is detachably connected to a conveyor rope 120, for example via a detachable locking device 150.

[0026] The guide carriage 110 is moved up and down in the shaft together with the skip 200 via the haulage rope 120.

[0027] A hook 130 is arranged on the haul rope 120, to which the skip 200 is suspended, for example via a chain sling 140. Alternatively, a pivotable support bracket mounted on the skip 200 can be used. The skip 200, 200' is suspended by the chain sling 140 so that it can move / pivot. It has a connecting element 210 on its underside into which a receiving element 30 can engage.

[0028] Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows a conveying system 500 with a double-drum winch 300 and the device 10 according to the invention for emptying a skip 200, 200' during the sinking of a shaft. The double-drum winch 300, shown schematically here, for example, at the surface 410, has a drive 310 that drives a first drum shaft 320. A first drum 330 is arranged on the drum shaft 320, on which a first hoisting rope 120 can be wound up / down, for example, from below in a first winding direction. The drum shaft 320 is connected to a second drum shaft 340, optionally via a coupling 350, so that the first drum shaft 320 is rotated together with the second drum shaft 340 by the drive 310. A second drum 360 is arranged on the drum shaft 340, on which a second conveyor rope 120' can be wound up / unwound, for example from top to bottom, in a second winding / unwinding direction.The drum directions are opposite, so that one conveyor rope 120, 120' is wound up and the other conveyor rope 120', 120 is unwound at the same time and vice versa, while both drums 330, 360 and both drum shafts 320, 340 are rotated in the same direction by the drive 310.

[0029] In their respective temporary end positions, one skip 200 is located at the bottom of the shaft to be filled, which is represented here by a bunker 370 at the filling point, while the other skip 200' is located at the top, for example above ground, to be emptied in the area of ​​the so-called hanging platform, represented here by a chute 20 of the device 10 according to the invention, onto which the loosened rock / soil 400 located in the skip 200, 200' is emptied and subsequently conveyed away.

[0030] In mining, the term "hanging bench" refers to the devices and installations in the surface / shaft hoisting building that serve to empty the 200, 200' hoisting buckets.

[0031] Fig. 3 Figure 10 shows a device 10 according to the invention with a linearly displaceable chute 20 with a receiving element 30 at the tip.

[0032] Preferably, the chute 20 is divided into at least two parts: an upper chute section 21 and a chute base 22. Particularly preferably, the upper chute section 21 is movable relative to the chute base 22. This can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the chute 20 (arrow direction E in the Fig. 5 ), for example with an actuator (not shown). Alternatively or additionally, the upper chute section 21 can be pivoted relative to the chute base 22 (not shown), so that several parallel receiving positions 420, 420' can be achieved with one chute 20, as for example in Fig. 8 depicted as being able to be connected with a chute.

[0033] The receiving element 30 preferably has an engagement section, preferably in the form of a projection element 31, which is designed, for example, like a fork. This can, for example, be inserted into at least one connecting element 210, for example, at the bottom of the conveying bucket 200, in order to grip the conveying bucket 200 and move it in space by moving the receiving element 30, for example, by rotating or tilting the receiving element 30 by means of an actuator 34.

[0034] Furthermore, the receiving element 30 has a support element 35, arranged, for example, at a right angle to the projecting element 31 and, for example, at its rear end, against which a side wall 210 of the conveying bucket 200 abuts when the receiving element 30 has fully engaged in the connecting element 210. The support element 35 is preferably bent analogously to the bend of the side wall 220 of the conveying bucket 200, as shown in Fig. 8 is shown.

[0035] Fig. 3 shows a spatial view of a chute 20 in a retracted position, which corresponds to a bucket conveying position, before the conveying bucket 200 is moved into an emptying position 430.

[0036] The chute 20 is in the skip transport position, while the skip 200 is raised or lowered in the shaft until it is in the receiving position 420. By means of an actuator 11, for example a hydraulic cylinder, the chute 20 can be moved between a retracted skip transport position and an extended skip emptying position, as indicated here by arrow D.

[0037] The chute in Fig. 3 The chute 20 has a base 23 and side walls 24. If the chute 20 is telescopically designed, both the chute base 22 have a base 23 and side walls 24, and the upper chute part 21 has a base 23 and side walls 24.

[0038] The recording element 30 is, as in Fig. 4 is shown, for example, on a sliding element 36 displaceable in the direction of arrow B on a rotation section 32.

[0039] The rotation section 32 can be rotated about a rotation axis 33 by an actuator 34, for example a hydraulic cylinder, in the direction of arrow A. The rotation in the direction of arrow A is effected by extending and retracting the hydraulic cylinder 34 in the direction of arrow C. Other actuators can be used.

[0040] Fig. 4 shows a side view of the chute 20 according to the invention in position analogous Fig. 3 .

[0041] The conveying bucket 200 is rotated, if necessary, into a receiving position in the receiving position 420, so that a corresponding position of the conveying bucket 200 is given so that the receiving element 30 can establish a holding connection with the conveying bucket 200 via the at least one connecting element 210.

[0042] The at least one connecting element 210 at the lower end of the skip 200 points towards the chute 20. Then the chute is extended with the actuator 11 in the direction of arrow D until the projection element 31 (fork) is at the level of the at least one connecting element 210 of the skip 200.

[0043] This can also be achieved by means of a telescopic chute 20, by designing the chute 20 in two parts, as is the case, for example, in Fig. 5 bis 7 As shown, the upper chute part 21 is moved relative to the chute base 22 in the direction of arrow E by means of an actuator (not shown), preferably a hydraulic cylinder, preferably until the projection element 31 is at the level of the connecting element 210.

[0044] The receiving element 30 with projection element 31 (fork) is then extended in the direction of arrow B, for example on the sliding element 36 (see also Fig. 5 ) and the at least one projecting element 31 (fork) threads into the at least one connecting element 210 of the conveying bucket 200 to establish a connection with the conveying bucket 200. This preferably occurs until the support element 35 comes into contact with the side wall 220 of the conveying bucket 200.

[0045] The rotating section 32 is then rotated about the axis of rotation 33 in the direction of arrow A by means of the actuator 34. This is preferably done by extending the hydraulic cylinder 34 in the direction of arrow C, whereby the receiving element 30 pivots with the projection element 31 about the axis of rotation 33, see figure. Fig 6 and Fig. 7 The conveying bucket 200 is advantageously held in relation to the chute 20, firstly by the engagement of the at least one projection element 31 in the at least one connecting element 210, and secondly by the support element 35, which is preferably shaped analogously to the bend of the side wall 220 of the conveying bucket 200.

[0046] Advantageously, the chute 20 is extended further so that it passes through the guide ropes 100, so that the hook 130 of the skip 200 remains essentially in the plane of the guide ropes 100, as shown in Fig. 6 and 7 shown so that the hoisting rope 120 is not unnecessarily deflected, which would lead to the hoisting rope 120 being wound up or unwound, which would accordingly lead to a vertical movement of the skip 200' located in the shaft, which would be disadvantageous.

[0047] Due to the high side walls 34, 34', 34" of the chute 20, or of the upper chute part 21 and the chute base 22, nothing of the loosened soil / dislodged rock / material 400 can fall into the headframe or shaft when the material 400 starts to move out of the skip into the chute 20.

[0048] For example, a conveyor trough 250, a belt or a conveyor wagon is connected to the chute 20.

[0049] In the Fig 7 In the depicted, fully tilted position, the conveying bucket 200 is completely emptied. If necessary, emptying can be assisted by shaking the conveying bucket 200, for example via the actuator / hydraulic cylinder 34, by alternately extending and retracting it, thus achieving complete emptying.

[0050] After the skip 200 has been completely emptied, it is swung back in reverse order and the receiving element 30 is separated from the skip 200 by a horizontal movement. This releases the skip in a controlled manner, and it remains suspended above the shaft axis to be lowered empty back into the shaft, while the other skip 200', filled, is raised to the receiving position 420'.

[0051] Here, the conveying bucket 200' is emptied using a second device 10' according to the invention. A

[0052] Alternatively, only one device 10 according to the invention may be provided, as shown in Fig. 8As can be seen, a rotary device 12 is provided here, which pivots the device 10 according to the invention from the first receiving position 420 to the second receiving position 420', or the chute 20 with the receiving element 30 arranged thereon. The pivoting is carried out by the rotary device in the direction of arrow F.

[0053] The chute 20 is preferably supported on a rail 13, which supports the stability of the device 10 when pivoting.

[0054] Alternatively, rotation in the direction of arrow A can also be achieved by moving the chute in the direction of arrow E, for example by fixing the hook or the conveyor rope so that a rotational movement can take place.

[0055] Alternatively, the chute 20 and the receiving element 30 with its associated components 31 to 36 can be provided separately as two separate devices. For example, the receiving element 30 grips the conveying bucket 200 from one side, which differs from the direction of entry of the chute 20 into the area below the conveying bucket 200. The angle between the directions of engagement can be, for example, 90° or 180°.

Claims

1. Apparatus for emptying a conveying bucket of rock / soil released during the sinking of a shaft, having a chute (20) which is for conveying away the rock / soil / material (400) emptied out of the conveying bucket (200, 200') and which can be displaced by means of an actuator linearly between a conveying bucket transport position and a conveying bucket emptying position, characterized in that a receiving element (30) for the conveying bucket (200, 200') is provided and is configured for producing a retaining connection between the chute (20) and conveying bucket (200, 200'), and in that the receiving element (30) is arranged on the chute (20) in a manner rotatable about a rotation axis (33) such that the receiving element (30) can be pivoted between a receiving position (420) and an emptying position (430) by means of an actuator (34) which is arranged between the chute (20) and the receiving element (30).

2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the receiving element (30) has a rotation portion (32) and has an engagement portion with respect to a connection portion (210) of the conveying bucket (200, 200').

3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the engagement portion is at least one projection element (31), fork-like element or fork element.

4. Apparatus according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the rotation portion (32) is pivotable by means of an actuator (34).

5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that the actuator (34) is a hydraulic cylinder.

6. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the chute (20) is constructed in at least two pieces, wherein one piece (21) can be displaced in relative terms with respect to the other piece (22).

7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the relative movement can be brought about by means of an actuator.

8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the actuator is a hydraulic cylinder.

9. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the conveying cable (120, 120') of the conveying bucket (200, 200') is not able to be redirected when the receiving element (30) is pivoted.

10. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conveying bucket (200, 200') can be pivoted by more than 90 degrees.

11. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the conveying bucket can be pivoted until it is parallel with the base (23) of the chute (20).

12. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a rotation apparatus (12) by way of which the chute (20) and / or the receiving element (30) can be pivoted horizontally between two receiving positions (420, 420') or emptying positions (430, 430') is provided.