Building module for building a freestanding building

Abstract

Building module for the construction of a freestanding building, wherein the building module comprises: - a rectangular base frame and a rectangular ceiling frame, each with two long sides and two short sides, - four vertical support columns connecting the base frame to the ceiling frame and arranged at each corner of the base and ceiling frames, the support columns together with the short sides of the frames forming two end faces and together with the long sides of the frames forming two side faces of the building module, - a floor covering, a ceiling covering and / or a wall covering, - one or more service lines running below the floor covering, above the ceiling covering and / or behind the wall covering.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a building module for constructing a freestander building and to a freestander building constructed from such modules.

[0002] Freestander structures are detached, usually single-story buildings often used by chain restaurants or retail chains. Buildings of this type are also intended for locations that are not yet structurally developed. Furthermore, such freestanders are often only used temporarily.

[0003] Freestanding buildings are often constructed using prefabricated construction methods, in which large-format wall and ceiling elements are assembled on-site to form a single building. Containers are also used in frame structures, which are then joined together on-site and converted into residential or commercial space. This can reduce construction time compared to traditional solid construction methods. However, a great deal of work still needs to be done on-site. A further disadvantage is that the buildings require time-consuming and labor-intensive connections to the utility infrastructure for energy and material supply and disposal. Therefore, they can only be operated in locations where the utility infrastructure can be provided.In addition, dismantling the state-of-the-art freestanding buildings is difficult and the reusability of many materials is no longer possible.

[0004] US 2007 / 0074465 A1 discloses several assembled and interconnected housing units consisting of a steel frame as a backbone.

[0005] The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art. The object of the invention can thus be seen, among other things, in simplifying the construction of freestander buildings. The object can also be seen in reducing the time and labor required on-site for constructing such a building. Another object can be seen in enabling the construction and operation of freestander buildings in locations that lack utility infrastructure and ensuring easy dismantling.

[0006] To achieve the object, a building module for erecting a freestanding building according to claim 1 is provided, wherein the building module a rectangular floor frame and a rectangular ceiling frame, each with two long sides and two narrow sides, four vertical support columns connecting the floor frame to the ceiling frame and arranged at each corner of the floor and ceiling frame, whereby the support columns together with the narrow sides of the frames form two end faces and together with the long sides of the frames form two side faces of the building module, a floor covering, a ceiling panel and / or a wall panel, one or more supply lines running below the floor covering, above the ceiling panel and / or behind the wall panel, includes, wherein the one or more supply lines each end at one of the end or side surfaces, wherein the ends of the supply lines arranged at one of the end or side surfaces are accessible by means of inspection flaps.

[0007] The building module is thus essentially a cuboid-shaped module with a floor area, a ceiling area, two opposing side surfaces, and two opposing end surfaces. The building module is preferably sized so that it can be transported by truck. The building module preferably has a height in the range of 2.50 m to 3.70 m, a width in the range of 3.30 m to 4.10 m, and a length in the range of 9 m to 10.20 m, particularly preferably a dimension of 3.10 m x 9.60 m x 3.70 m. The service life of a building constructed from the building modules can vary from a temporary installation of weeks or months to several years or decades.

[0008] The supply lines are already installed in the building module. These can be laid as floor, ceiling, and / or wall lines and covered by elements so that the supply lines are concealed from view by a person inside the building module. The lines each terminate at one of the front or side surfaces of the building module, with the line route depending on the requirements in the respective building module as well as in the other building modules of the freestander building. Among other things, it is intended that a supply line required for an adjacent module can pass completely through a module. Such a supply line can therefore have one end at one front or side surface and a second end at another front or side surface in order to connect to the corresponding supply lines in the adjacent modules.Likewise, a supply line may terminate at a front or side face to connect to the corresponding supply line of the adjacent module or, in the case of a front or side face that is not adjacent to any other module, to a supply line arriving from outside.

[0009] The building modules are therefore already pre-assembled to such an extent that work on site is reduced to a minimum. They include the planned wall, ceiling and / or floor elements even before the individual modules are connected to form a building. After transport to the intended installation site, the building modules must be aligned according to the planning specifications and connected to the adjacent building modules. The supply lines must be coupled to the supply lines of neighboring modules and any interior fittings that cannot be pre-assembled, such as the fittings that extend from one module to another, must be installed. The wall cladding, ceiling cladding, floor coverings, supply lines and / or permanently mountable fittings are preferably already installed before transport to the installation site.The building modules can have a degree of prefabrication, calculated in terms of working hours, of over 90%.

[0010] For the side or end faces of a building module that are intended to be connected to another building module, full-surface wall cladding can be partially or completely dispensed with. In such embodiments, the support columns and / or the areas containing tension cables can be clad individually. The areas intended to form the exterior surfaces of a building are preferably fully clad. Such wall cladding can also include window and door elements. The exterior wall cladding can also include insulating materials. In one embodiment, sandwich panels are used. Wooden elements, which can also be designed as load-bearing structural elements, can also be used as wall elements.

[0011] Sandwich panels, preferably provided with an additional waterproofing layer, can be used as ceiling elements, especially as exterior ceiling cladding. The ceiling elements can be equipped with roof drainage devices that drain water via internal supply lines.

[0012] The floor can have a base plate with internal insulation as the lower edge. The floor can include a foil / vapor barrier and / or trapezoidal sheeting, preferably above the insulation. Wood, tiles, concrete, resin flooring, or other flooring materials can be used as the floor covering. Gypsum fiberboard and / or wood fiberboard can be used as the subfloor for the floor covering. In an advantageous embodiment, the floor covering is installed as a floating installation and has no mechanical connection to the subfloor.

[0013] The ends of the supply lines of a building module are designed to be accessible. The building modules are preferably designed so that the supply lines of one building module can be connected to the corresponding supply lines of the adjacent modules during the connection of the building modules and / or after the connection of the building modules. The ends of the supply lines located on one of the front or side surfaces are accessible via inspection flaps. In this way, the supply lines of two adjacent building modules can be connected to each other.

[0014] Utility lines can be electrical, water, sewage, ventilation, gas, and / or telecommunications lines. Thus, one, several, or all of the aforementioned types of utility lines can be installed in the building module.

[0015] The building module can also comprise a plurality of cross members that connect two opposite sides, preferably the long sides, of the floor frame and / or the ceiling frame. In one embodiment, the cross members are cross beams. Preferably, both the floor frame and the ceiling frame comprise cross members between the long sides of these frames, with the floor frame preferably comprising more cross members than the ceiling frame. The cross members of the floor frame are arranged within the floor, in particular beneath the floor covering. The cross members of the ceiling frame are arranged within the ceiling, in particular above the inner ceiling paneling. The cross members of the ceiling frame are preferably designed in the form of tubes, in particular in the form of pressure tubes.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the ceiling frame comprises tension cables at one, several, or all corners, each extending from the corner to the opposite long side of the ceiling frame. These tension cables preferably form an angle in the range of 20° to 70°, preferably in the range of 35° to 55°, with the adjacent narrow side of the ceiling frame.

[0017] Preferably, one or both side surfaces each have one or more tension cables, each of which runs between the ceiling frame and the floor frame. These tension cables preferably form an angle in the range of 20° to 70°, preferably in the range of 35° to 55°, with the long side of the ceiling frame. The tension cables of the respective side surfaces preferably cross each other. The tension cables of the building module can have cable tensioners.

[0018] To facilitate loading and unloading of a building module, for example, onto a truck trailer, the ceiling frame can include tow points. These tow points, particularly two or four tow points, are preferably designed as lifting arms with eyelets at the ends. The lifting arms can be detachable so that they can be removed after unloading. Lifting lugs can also be used instead of the lifting arms.

[0019] To attach two modules to each other, one, several, or all sides of the ceiling frame can have a plurality of holes for attaching two modules to each other. To attach two modules to each other, one, several, or all sides of the floor frame can have a plurality of holes for attaching two modules to each other. Thus, the adjacent sides of the ceiling frames and / or the adjacent sides of the floor frames can be attached to each other, preferably by screwing the frames together through the holes.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the building module comprises additional vertical support supports that connect the floor frame to the ceiling frame. These additional support supports are preferably designed to be detachable, so they can be dismantled after being connected to the adjacent modules. The detachable support supports thus represent transport supports that are intended solely to stabilize the building module during transport.

[0021] The building module may comprise one or more photovoltaic and / or solar thermal modules arranged on the ceiling frame.

[0022] To solve the problem, a freestanding building is also provided which comprises two or more of the building modules according to the invention.

[0023] Preferably, adjacent building modules of such a freestander building are connected to each other via two side surfaces or via one side and one end surface or via two end surfaces.

[0024] The supply lines are preferably arranged in the building modules in such a way that they can be connected to each other at the transitions between the building modules.

[0025] The freestanding building according to the invention can comprise a supply module to enable partial or complete self-sufficiency. Such a supply module is a separate module that can comprise a heating device, a power generation device, a power storage device, an inverter device, a heat recovery device, a vacuum tank, a water storage tank, and / or a wastewater storage tank. Thus, one, several, or all of the aforementioned components can be housed in the supply module. Preferably, the supply module comprises a combined heat and power plant.

[0026] The supply module is preferably connected to the building modules via supply lines. The supply module is preferably designed to be arranged at a distance from the building modules. The supply module can be connected to more than one building module via supply lines.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, the freestander building is operated autonomously. The freestander building is thus preferably operated without being connected to external electricity, gas, water, and / or sewage lines. The supply of electricity, gas, and / or water can be secured by the supply module, as can the disposal of wastewater from the freestander building. For the most water-efficient operation, a vacuum drainage system is preferably used, in which wastewater is drained via vacuum pipes.

[0028] The invention is also directed to a supply module for supplying a freestanding building comprising a heating device, a power generation device, a power storage device, an inverter device, a heat recovery device, a vacuum tank, a water tank and / or a wastewater tank.

[0029] The description of the building modules according to the invention, the freestander buildings according to the invention and the supply module according to the invention are to be understood as complementary to one another, so that information relating to one subject matter according to the invention which is explained in connection with the explanation of another subject matter according to the invention is also to be understood individually or in combination as information relating to the one subject matter according to the invention.

[0030] The invention is explained again below by way of example with reference to the figures. Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a frame construction / joint construction of a building module. Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a freestander building. Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the floor structure of a building module. Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the ceiling structure of a building module. Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a supply module.

[0031] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a frame construction / articulated construction of a building module comprising a floor frame 1 with cross members 5 that connect the two long sides of the floor frame 1. The ceiling frame 2 also comprises cross members 6 that connect the two long sides of the ceiling frame 2. Supporting supports 3 are arranged at the four corners between the ceiling frame 2 and the floor frame 1. The frame construction comprises further vertical supporting supports 4 that are designed to be removable. Two crossing tension cables 8 are arranged on the side surfaces between the ceiling frame 2 and the floor frame 1. A tension cable 7 extends from each corner of the ceiling frame 2 to the opposite long side of the ceiling frame 2. Lifting arms 40 with end eyelets are also arranged on the top side of the ceiling frame 2.

[0032] Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a freestander building composed of building modules 9, 10, 11, 12. The building modules 10, 11, 12 are each connected by one of their end faces to a side face of the building module 9. The exterior surfaces of the freestander building include wall elements, which also have windows and a door.

[0033] Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the floor structure of a building module. As can be seen in the cross-section shown, the floor within the floor frame 1 comprises a floor covering 14 above the floor substructure 15. Arranged beneath this is a trapezoidal sheet 16, followed by a foil 17 and insulation material 18. The lower floor finish is formed by a base sheet 19. The floor frame 1 is surrounded on the outside by insulation material 13.

[0034] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of the ceiling structure of a building module. As can be seen in the cross-section shown, ceiling elements 22 with roof drainage devices 21 are arranged above the ceiling frame 2. Supply lines 20 run from the roof drainage devices 21 within the ceiling, draining the rainwater.

[0035] Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a supply module 23 comprising water storage tanks 24, 25, a hot water storage tank 26, a waste water storage tank 27 and a combined heat and power plant 28. In addition, the supply module 23 comprises the following devices not shown: pumps for transporting the water to the freestander building, an electrical distributor and an oil tank. List of reference symbols

[0036] 1.Floor frame 2.Ceiling frame 3.Support columns 4.Transport supports 5.Traverses 6.Pressure pipes 7.Traction cable 8.Traction cable 9.Building module 10.Building module 11.Building module 12.Building module 13.Insulation material 14.Floor covering 15.Floor substrate 16.Trapezoidal sheeting 17.Foil / vapor barrier 18.Insulation material 19.Base plate 20.Supply line 21.Roof drainage device 22.Ceiling element 23.Supply module 24.Water tank 25.Water tank 26.Hot water tank / buffer tank 27.Waste water tank 28.Combined heat and power plant 40.Lifting arm

Claims

1. Building module (9, 10, 11, 12) for erecting a freestanding building, wherein the building module (9, 10, 11, 12) comprises - a rectangular floor frame (1) and a rectangular ceiling frame (2), each with two longitudinal sides and two narrow sides, - four vertical supporting supports (3), which connect the floor frame (1) to the ceiling frame (2) and are arranged at each corner of the floor and ceiling frame, the supporting supports (3) together with the narrow sides of the frames forming two end faces and together with the longitudinal sides of the frames forming two side faces of the building module (9, 10, 11, 12), - a floor covering (14), a ceiling covering and / or a wall covering, - one or more supply lines (20) that run underneath the floor covering (14), above the ceiling covering and / or behind the wall covering, wherein the one or more supply lines (20) each terminate at one of the end or side faces, characterized in that the ends of the supply lines (20) arranged on one of the end or side faces are accessible by means of inspection flaps.

2. Building module according to claim 1, wherein the supply lines (20) are electricity, water, sewage, ventilation, gas and / or telecommunication lines.

3. Building module according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of crossbars (5) which connect two opposite sides, preferably the longitudinal sides, of the floor frame (1) and / or the ceiling frame (2) to one another.

4. Building module according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ceiling frame (2) comprises towing ropes (7) at one, at several or at all corners, which each extend from the corner to the opposite longitudinal side of the ceiling frame (2) and form an angle in the range from 20° to 70°, preferably in the range from 35° to 55°, to the adjacent narrow side of the ceiling frame (2).

5. Building module according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one or both side surfaces each have one or more towing ropes (8), which each extend between the ceiling frame (2) and the floor frame (1) and each form an angle in the range from 20° to 70°, preferably in the range from 35° to 55°, to the longitudinal side of the ceiling frame (2), preferably wherein the towing ropes (8) of a side surface cross over each other.

6. Building module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ceiling frame (2) comprises towing points, preferably in the form of detachable lifting arms (40) with terminal eyelets or lever lugs.

7. Building module according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein one, several or all sides of the ceiling and / or floor frame (2, 1) have a plurality of holes for fastening two modules (9, 10, 11, 12) to each other.

8. Building module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising further vertical supporting supports (3), which connect the floor frame (1) to the ceiling frame (2), the supporting supports (3) preferably being designed to be detachable, and / or comprising one or more photovoltaic and / or solar thermal modules arranged on the ceiling frame (2).

9. A freestanding building comprising two or more building modules (9, 10, 11, 12) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Freestanding building according to claim 9, wherein the building modules (9, 10, 11, 12) are each connected to one another via two side faces or via one side face and one end face or via two end faces, wherein preferably the supply lines (20) are arranged in the building modules (9, 10, 11, 12) in such a way that they can be connected to one another at the transitions between the building modules (9, 10, 11, 12).

11. Freestanding building according to claim 9 or 10, comprising a supply module (23) with a heating device, a power generation device, a power storage device, an inverter device, a heat recovery device, a vacuum tank, a water storage tank (24, 35) and / or a waste water storage tank (27), wherein the supply module (23) particularly preferably comprises a combined heat and power plant (28).

12. Freestanding building according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the freestanding building comprises a supply module (23) which is connected to the building modules (9, 10, 11, 12) by means of supply lines (20) and is preferably arranged at a distance from the building modules (9, 10, 11, 12), and / or whereby the freestanding building is operated self-sufficiently, preferably without connection to external electricity, gas, water and / or waste water pipes.

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