Foundation for a tower of a transmitting station or for overhead-line construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a foundation for a tower of a transmitting station or for overhead-line construction, the foundation comprising at least three prefabricated elements made from reinforced concrete and a mounting region for erecting the tower, at least one first and at least one second prefabricated element forming a lower first portion which is in contact with the ground at the erection site of the foundation, and at least one third prefabricated element forming an upper portion that is located on said first portion, the mounting region comprising at least one fastening point for positioning the tower on the foundation, said fastening point being provided on an upper side of the upper portion. Advantageously: the at least one first prefabricated element and the at least one second prefabricated element of the lower portion are positioned substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another so that there is a distance between the at least two prefabricated elements; at least one third prefabricated element of the upper portion is positioned on the at least one first prefabricated element and on the at least one second prefabricated element so that the at least one third prefabricated element bridges the distance; and the at least one third prefabricated element has a maximum length so that the at least one third prefabricated element is substantially flush on both sides with the outer edge of the at least one first prefabricated element and the at least one second prefabricated element.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a foundation according to claim 1 for a tower for a transmitter or for overhead line construction, wherein the foundation comprises at least three prefabricated elements made of reinforced concrete and an assembly area for erecting the tower, wherein at least one first and at least one second prefabricated element form a lower first section which is in contact with a ground at the erection site of the foundation, and wherein at least one third prefabricated element forms an upper section arranged on the first section, wherein the assembly area has at least one attachment point for arranging the tower on the foundation, which is provided on a top surface of the upper section.

[0002] Foundations for transmission towers, particularly for mobile communications and overhead power lines, are primarily constructed as in-situ concrete foundations. For this, a pit is excavated at the construction site and lined with a leveling layer. The formwork and reinforcement are then erected, and the entire structure is filled with concrete on-site. This results in a flat, flat structure, possibly with a base. In addition to the transportation costs associated with delivering the concrete, formwork, and reinforcement, this process is very labor-intensive on-site. Quality assurance is also complex and, depending on the weather, can be problematic. Furthermore, a construction site must be set up for the curing period of the cast-in-place concrete (e.g., 28 days). Finally, dismantling at the end of the tower's service life is expensive and very time-consuming. State-of-the-art foundations for towers are disclosed, for example, in DE102018121024A1, DE202015003668U1, and WO95 / 02094A1.

[0003] The term "tower" here refers to a tower made of pipe sections, for example of concrete and / or steel, as well as a truss tower / lattice tower / mast or a combination of both.

[0004] The invention provides that the at least one first prefabricated element and the at least one second prefabricated element of the lower section are arranged substantially parallel and spaced apart from each other, such that there is a gap between the at least two prefabricated elements, that at least one third prefabricated element of the upper section is arranged on the at least one first prefabricated element and on the at least one second prefabricated element, so that the at least one third prefabricated element bridges the gap, and that the at least one third prefabricated element has a maximum length such that the at least one third prefabricated element is substantially flush on both sides with the outer edge of the at least one first prefabricated element and the at least one second prefabricated element.

[0005] This provides a particularly simple foundation. It has surprisingly been found that such a foundation is sufficient to transfer the loads occurring into the ground. In particular, it is possible to erect three-column, four-column, and multi-column towers, as well as round towers, using the foundation according to the invention, while simultaneously allowing for a larger connection geometry for these towers and still maintaining transportability even with larger diameters / connection geometries.

[0006] Preferably, the at least three prefabricated elements are designed in a plate-like or cuboid shape. In particular, it has surprisingly been found that when cuboid-like or cuboid-like or plate-like elongated prefabricated elements made of reinforced concrete are arranged as described above, the loads can be transferred accordingly even with larger connection geometries.

[0007] Depending on the height and diameter of the tower, the dimensions of the prefabricated elements are preferably chosen so that the assembly area of ​​the tower extends onto the upper section of the foundation, resulting in a particularly simple and cost-effective foundation.

[0008] Prefabricated elements can, for example, be manufactured on-site and then placed at the construction site, or manufactured in a concrete plant under defined conditions and then transported to the construction site. Other options are also possible.

[0009] The foundation is constructed primarily by excavating a depression in the ground at the construction site, for example in the form of trenches or a building pit, possibly with a leveling layer, into which the first section of the foundation is then placed. To increase the load on the foundation or its components, it can be covered with soil.

[0010] It is further advantageous that at least one fixing point in the assembly area has at least one opening extending vertically through at least one prefabricated element for inserting at least one fastening element, wherein the fastening elements are preferably an anchor cage, vertical tensioning elements, prestressing elements, reinforcement elements, or anchor elements, preferably threaded rods. The openings are preferably provided in all, or at least in all but the lowest, prefabricated element in the assembly area. It is advantageous that the openings in the prefabricated elements are aligned to accommodate the fastening elements. These are used for tensioning / prestressing the foundation components and / or for securing the tower.

[0011] A further aspect of the invention provides that at least one connection point is provided for connecting the upper section to the lower section, and that this at least one connection point has a vertically extending opening through at least one prefabricated element for inserting at least one fastening element, wherein the fastening elements are preferably an anchor cage, vertical bracing elements, prestressing elements, reinforcement elements, or anchor elements, preferably threaded rods. The openings are preferably provided in all, or at least in all but the lowest, prefabricated element. It is advantageous that the openings of the prefabricated elements are aligned to accommodate the fastening elements. These are used for bracing / prestressing the foundation components and / or for securing the tower.

[0012] An advantage of this design is that the fastening elements provide prestressing in a joint between at least two prefabricated elements, preferably creating a shear connection in the joint. In the case of prestressing, a shear connection is preferably provided by prestressing the prefabricated elements in one of the joints. The load is transferred through friction in the joint via the prestressing. The fasteners are therefore free from shear stress.

[0013] Alternatively, it may be provided, particularly if the loads to be carried are lower, that the fastening elements provide clamping in an element joint between at least two prefabricated elements, which is designed in such a way that a shear hole bearing connection is given.

[0014] It is further advantageous that the at least one third prefabricated element has a width that is less than or equal to the width of the at least one first prefabricated element and / or the at least one second prefabricated element.

[0015] Another teaching of the invention provides that the at least one third prefabricated element is arranged essentially at right angles (α) to the at least one first and / or to the at least one second element.

[0016] It is further advantageous that exactly one third prefabricated element is provided, or that exactly one third and exactly one fourth prefabricated element are provided, wherein preferably the third and fourth prefabricated elements are arranged parallel to and spaced apart from each other. This allows for a simple foundation that optimally distributes the resulting loads.

[0017] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with a drawing. The drawing shows: Figure 1 shows a spatial view of a first embodiment of a foundation according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a top view of Figure 1 Figure 3a, a side view of Figure 1 , Figure 3 legs alternative side view to Figure 1 Figure 4a shows a spatial view of the lower foundation section. Figure 1 Figure 4 shows an alternative spatial view of the lower foundation section. Figure 1 Figure 5a shows a spatial view of the upper foundation section. Figure 1 Figure 5 shows an alternative spatial view of the upper foundation section. Figure 1 Figure 6 shows a spatial representation of the fastening means for the Figure 3a , 4a and 5a Figure 7 shows a spatial view of a second embodiment of a foundation according to the invention, Figure 8 shows a top view of Figure 7Figure 9, a side view of Figure 7 Figure 10 shows a spatial view of the lower foundation section. Figure 7 Figure 11 shows a spatial view of the upper foundation section. Figure 7 Figure 12 shows a spatial representation of the fastening means Figure 7 Figure 13 shows a spatial view of a third embodiment of a foundation according to the invention, Figure 14 shows a top view of Figure 13 Figure 15, a side view of Figure 13 Figure 16 shows a spatial view of the lower foundation section. Figure 13 Figure 17 shows a spatial view of the upper foundation section. Figure 13 Figure 18 shows a spatial representation of the fastening means Figure 13 Figure 19 shows a spatial view of a fourth embodiment of a foundation according to the invention, Figure 20 shows a top view of Figure 19 Figure 21, a side view of Figure 13 Figure 22 shows a spatial view of the lower foundation section. Figure 19Figure 23 shows a spatial view of the upper foundation section. Figure 19 Figure 24 shows a spatial representation of the fastening means Figure 19 , and Figure 25 a spatial view of a fifth embodiment of a foundation according to the invention.

[0018] The Figures 1 to 6 Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a foundation 10 according to the invention, comprising a lower section 11 and an upper section 12 arranged above it. The lower section 11 is composed of a first element 13 and a second element 14, which are arranged parallel to each other with a distance 18 between them.

[0019] At an angle α, preferably 90°, a third element 15 and a fourth element 16 are arranged on the upper surface of the first element 13 and the second element 14 to form the upper section 12. The third element 15 is arranged parallel to the fourth element 16 at a distance 22 from it to form the upper section 12. A mounting area 17 is provided on the upper surface 23 of the third element 15 and the fourth element 16. This area has, for example, four attachment points 20 for erecting a four-column tower (not shown) on it.

[0020] The lengths of the third element 15 and the fourth element 16 are chosen such that they correspond to the sum of the widths of the first element 13 and the fourth element 14, as well as the distance 18 between the two. The third element 15 and the fourth element 16 thus extend between the outer edges 19 of the first element 13 and the second element 14.

[0021] The fastening points 20 in the mounting area 17 are provided according to the installation geometry of the tower to be erected (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, these are offset towards the inner edges 24 of the first element 13 of the second element 14.

[0022] Additionally, connection points 25 are provided offset towards the outer edge 19 on the third element 15 and the fourth element 16. The number of connection points 25 depends on the loads to be transferred by the tower to be erected on the foundation 10.

[0023] The Figure 3a , 4a , 5a and 6Figure 1 shows a first embodiment for providing the fastening points 20 and the connection points 25. Anchor cage-like fastening elements 26 are provided at the fastening points 20. The fastening element 26 has a plate-shaped abutment 28 on its upper side and a plate-shaped abutment 27 on its lower side. Tensioning elements 29 are provided between the abutments 27 and 28. The tensioning element 29 projects beyond the upper abutments 28. This projection forms the connection sections 39 for connecting the tower. The tensioning elements 29 can be, for example, threaded rods or other anchor rods. In the embodiment shown here, the abutment elements 27 and 28 of the fastening elements 26 are designed as square plates, each connected to four tensioning elements 29. Alternative embodiments and, in particular, different numbers of tensioning elements 29 are possible.

[0024] Connecting elements 30 are provided at connection point 25, each of which has a plate-like abutment 32 on the upper side and an abutment 31 on the lower side, which in turn are connected to a clamping element 33. In the embodiment shown here, the abutment elements 31, 32 of the connecting elements 30 are designed as square plates, each connected to a clamping element 33. Alternative embodiments and, in particular, different numbers of clamping elements 33 are possible.

[0025] The first element 13 and the second element 14 show, as in Figure 4a The illustration shows openings 34 into which the fastening elements 26 and connecting elements 30 are arranged. The same applies to the third element 15 and the fourth element 16 according to the illustration. Figure 5a , in which openings 35 are provided, into which the fastening elements 26 and connecting elements 30 are arranged. As in Figure 3aThe openings 34 and 35 are shown aligned in the assembled state.

[0026] For assembly, abutments 31 and 27 are provided on the underside 36 of the first element 13 and the second element 14. Abutments 28 and 32 are provided on the top side of the third element 15 and the fourth element 16. Tensioning elements 29 are provided in the openings 34 and 35 between abutments 27 and 28, and tensioning elements 33 are provided between abutments 31 and 32.

[0027] A portion of the underside 37 of the third element 15 and the fourth element 16 rests on a corresponding portion of the upper side 21 of the first element 13 and the second element 14. This creates an element joint 38 between the elements 13, 14, 15, and 16. By clamping the elements at the fastening points 20 using the fastening elements 26 and the connecting elements 30 at the connection points 20, and by generating a prestress between the abutments 27, 28 and 31, 32 by prestressing the tensioning elements 29, 33, a shear connection is provided between the elements 13, 14, 15, and 16. This prestress is preferably achieved with a sufficiently strong prestress so that no shear stress is present in the fastening elements 26 and the connecting elements 30. The friction prevailing in the element joint 38 due to the prestress transfers the loads exerted by the tower into the foundation accordingly.

[0028] Alternatively, the bracing could also be designed so that only a shear hole bearing connection is provided if the loads to be carried are small.

[0029] The Figure 3b , 4b , and 5b Figure 2 shows a second embodiment for providing the fastening points 20 and the connection points 25. Anchor cage-like fastening elements 26 are provided at the fastening points 20 as shown in Figure 2. Figure 6The fastening element 26 has a plate-shaped abutment 28 on its upper side and a plate-shaped abutment 27 on its lower side. Tensioning elements 29 are provided between the abutments 27 and 28. The tensioning element 29 projects beyond the upper abutments 28. This projection forms the connection sections 39 for attaching the tower. The tensioning elements 29 can be, for example, threaded rods or other anchor rods. In the embodiment shown here, the abutment elements 27 and 28 of the fastening elements 26 are designed as square plates, each connected to four tensioning elements 29. Alternative designs and, in particular, different numbers of tensioning elements 29 are possible.

[0030] Connecting elements 30 are provided at connection point 25, as shown in Figure 6The embodiment shown also features a plate-like abutment 32 on the upper side and an abutment 31 on the lower side, which in turn are connected to a clamping element 33. In the embodiment shown here, the abutment elements 31, 32 of the connecting elements 30 are designed as square plates, each connected to a clamping element 33. Alternative embodiments and, in particular, different numbers of clamping elements 33 are possible.

[0031] Unlike in the first embodiment, the first element 13 and the second element 14, as in the Figure 3b and 4b As shown, there are no openings 34, but rather the lower abutments 27, 31 and the tensioning elements 29, 33 arranged thereon are incorporated into the reinforcement and cast into the concrete during the manufacture of the elements 13, 14. The third element 15 and the fourth element 16 have, according to Figure 5bOpenings 35 are created. During assembly, the openings 35 are placed onto the clamping elements 29, 33 protruding from the elements 13, 14. The upper abutments 28, 32 are inserted into recesses 40, 41 on the upper surface 23. The recesses can also be used in the first embodiment.

[0032] The pre-tensioning or tensioning is carried out as described above.

[0033] The Figures 7-12Figure 1 shows a second embodiment of a foundation 10 according to the invention, in which a third and fourth element 15, 16 are also arranged on a first and second element 13, 14. In contrast to the first embodiment, the second embodiment shows a foundation 10 for mounting a three-column tower. Consequently, only three fastening points 20 are provided. Two of these fastening points are located, for example, on the third element 15 such that their fastening elements 26 are arranged in the openings 34, 35 and brace the third element 15 with the first element 13 and the second element 14, as was already shown in the first embodiment. The connection points 25 are also provided accordingly. Only the upper abutments 28 and, correspondingly, the openings 34 and 35 are rotated to accommodate the three-column tower.The third fixing point 20, however, is provided only on the fourth element 16 above the gap 18 to achieve a triangular shape. The lower abutment 27 accordingly rests against the underside 37 of the fourth element 16. The clamping elements 29 are correspondingly shorter. To establish a connection between the fourth element 16 and the first element 13 and the second element 14, additional connection points 25 with corresponding connecting elements 30 are provided. In addition to the connection points 25 provided on the outside of the fourth element 16, further connection points 25 are provided, which are shifted accordingly oppositely towards the area of ​​the gap 18. The assembly of the connecting elements 30 and the fastening elements 26 is as shown in Figure 12.Alternatively, it would also be possible to provide the fastening elements 26 and connecting elements 25 partially by installing the abutments 27, 31 and the clamping elements 29, 33 into the first element 13 and the second element 14.

[0034] The Figures 13-18 , which show a third embodiment, and which Figures 19-24The fourth embodiment, which shows a modification in which, instead of a narrow third and a narrow fourth element 15, 16, only a third element 13 is provided, but this element has a greater width. The width is chosen such that the mounting area 17 can be arranged entirely on the third element 15. The third and fourth embodiments again show the arrangement of a three-column tower. However, the embodiments are also suitable for four-column or multi-column towers. This embodiment is also suitable for a round tower, as shown in a further embodiment in Figure 25The third and fourth embodiments differ only in the number of connection points 25. The third fastening point 20 is also located within the area of ​​the distance 18, so that it does not contribute to the connection of the third element 15 with the first element 13 and the second element 14. The remaining structure corresponds to the embodiments described above.

[0035] Figure 25Figure 1 shows an embodiment in which a round tower is arranged on the mounting area 17 on the upper section 12 in the form of a third element 15. Openings 35 are provided in the third element 15, some located at the distance 18 and some above the first and second elements 13, 14. An anchor cage (not shown) is used as a fastening element 26, which is provided in sections for assembly. Sections of the anchor cage are provided on the underside 37 of the third element 15 and further sections on the underside 36 of the first and second elements 13, 14 (both not shown), which are then arranged in openings 34 and 35 analogously to what has been previously disclosed. Depending on the size, an upper abutment 28 divided into several parts or a one-piece abutment 28 can be provided on the upper side.

[0036] Similarly, connection points 25 are provided on the outer sides of the third element 15. Recesses 40, 41 can also be used here.

Claims

1. Foundation for a tower for a transmitting installation or for open-line transmission, wherein the foundation (10) has at least three prefabricated elements (13, 14, 15, 16) composed of reinforced concrete and has a mounting region (17) for the erection of the tower, wherein at least one first and at least one second prefabricated element (13, 14) form a lower first portion (11), which is in contact with a ground at the place of erection of the foundation (10), and wherein at least one third prefabricated element forms an upper portion (12), which is arranged on the first portion (11), wherein the mounting region (17) has at least one fastening point, provided on a top side of the upper portion (12), for arrangement of the tower on the foundation (10), wherein the at least one first prefabricated element (13) and the at least one second prefabricated element (14) of the lower portion (11) are arranged substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another, so that there is a spacing (18) between the at least two prefabricated elements, wherein at least one third prefabricated element (15, 16) of the upper portion (12) is arranged on the at least one first prefabricated element (13) and on the at least one second prefabricated element (14), so that the at least one third prefabricated element bridges the spacing (18), characterized in that the at least one third prefabricated element (15, 16) has a maximum length, so that, on either side, the at least one third prefabricated element terminates substantially flush with the outer edge (19) of the at least one first prefabricated element and of the at least one second prefabricated element.

2. Foundation according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one fastening point (20) of the mounting region (17) has at least one aperture (34, 35) extending vertically through at least one prefabricated element (13, 14, 15, 16) and serving for insertion of at least one fastening element (26).

3. Foundation according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fastening elements (26) are preferably an anchor cage, vertical tensioning elements, preload elements, reinforcement elements, anchor elements, or threaded rods.

4. Foundation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one connecting point (25) has for connecting the upper portion (11) to the lower portion (12), and in that the at least one connecting point (25) has an aperture (34, 35) extending vertically through at least one prefabricated element (13, 14, 15, 16) and serving for insertion of at least one fastening element (26).

5. Foundation according to Claim 4, characterized in that the fastening elements (26) are an anchor cage, vertical tensioning elements, preload elements, reinforcement elements or anchor elements, or threaded rods.

6. Foundation according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, by means of the fastening elements (26), preloading is provided in an element joint (38) between at least two prefabricated elements (13, 14, 15, 16).

7. Foundation according to Claim 6, characterized in that, as a result of the preloading, a shear connection is provided in the element joint (38).

8. Foundation according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, by means of the fastening elements (26), tensioning is provided in an element joint (38) between at least two prefabricated elements (13, 14, 15, 16), this being configured in such a way that a hole-abutment shear connection is provided.

9. Foundation according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least three prefabricated elements (13, 14, 15, 16) are of plate-shaped or cuboidal form.

10. Foundation according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one third prefabricated element (15, 16) has a width which is smaller than or equal to the width of the at least one first prefabricated element and / or of the at least one second prefabricated element.

11. Foundation according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one third prefabricated element (15, 16) is arranged at substantially a right angle (α) to the at least one first and / or to the at least one second element (13, 14).

12. Foundation according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that exactly one third prefabricated element (15) is provided, or in that exactly one third prefabricated element (15) and exactly one fourth prefabricated element (16) are provided.

13. Foundation according to Claim 12, characterized in that the third prefabricated element (15) and the fourth prefabricated element (16) are arranged parallel to and spaced apart from one another.

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