Digitalised dynamoelectric machine having inverter modules

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive (32) having a rotary dynamoelectric machine (1) comprising a plurality of inverter modules (6), wherein: - a predefinable number of physical and / or chemical sensors are provided on and / or within the drive (32) and are assigned to at least one or more sections of the rotary dynamoelectric machine (1) and / or to one or more inverter modules (6); - the drive (32) is assigned at least one evaluation and / or control unit (29) that allows at least a provisional evaluation of data detected by the sensors; and - communication from the evaluation and / or control unit (29) to at least a cloud and / or to the inverter modules is made possible in predefinable time intervals and / or data packets.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Digitalized dynamoelectric machine with inverter modules

[0003] The invention relates to a drive with a dynamoelectric machine with inverter modules, a method for operating such a dynamoelectric machine with inverter modules, as well as the use of such a drive.

[0004] Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program product.

[0005] Furthermore, the invention relates to a digital twin of such a drive.

[0006] Winding systems of stators of dynamoelectric machines are constructed from winding wires or conductor bars that are arranged in slots of a magnetically conductive body of the stator.

[0007] However, if the winding system does not consist of a distributed three-phase winding using cables or wires, but rather of a number of conductor bars, a high current is required due to the relatively low inductance. This high current requires only a comparatively low voltage (< 100V) due to the low ohmic resistance of the conductor bars. This low voltage makes it possible to arrange the inverter modules used to control the conductor bars at a relatively short distance from one another on the dynamoelectric machine.

[0008] These conductor bars are connected to one another on one end face of the magnetically conductive body of the stator via a short-circuit ring, and are fed on the other end face of the magnetically conductive body of the stator by respectively assigned inverter modules, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2005 032 965 A1.

[0009] Instead of the complex, labor-intensive distributed stator winding, a cost-effective, robust bar winding is used. Each individual stator slot is equipped with a conductor bar depending on the operating conditions. Each conductor bar is currently connected to its own power electronics for power supply and control, the inverter module. The magnetic field required for the machine's operation is generated by high currents (up to several thousand A) in the conductor bars at low voltages.

[0010] These low voltages resulting from the winding concept enable a compact and powerful design of the entire drive, i.e. the dynamoelectric machine with the power electronics installed in the inverter modules.

[0011] In conventional drives, measured value acquisition for monitoring or controlling a drive can be achieved, for example, via sensor boxes on the housing of the dynamoelectric machine. These contain, among other things, temperature sensors and magnetic field meters, which provide the respective measurement signals depending on the location of the sensor box on the housing of the dynamoelectric machine. However, even at the respective locations, only summary measured value acquisition is performed.

[0012] Based on this, the invention is based on the object of equipping an above-mentioned drive with improved control and / or monitoring.

[0013] The solution to the stated problem is achieved by a drive with a rotary dynamoelectric machine with a plurality of inverter modules, wherein the rotary dynamoelectric machine has a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator has a winding system in a magnetically conductive body, in particular a laminated core, wherein the stator and rotor are separated from one another by an air gap, wherein the winding system is arranged in slots of the magnetically conductive body which point towards the air gap, wherein the winding system has, per slot, in particular, a conductor bar divided into partial conductors, the partial conductors of which are electrically contacted with at least one inverter module at a first end of the conductor bar and the partial conductors of which are electrically contacted with at least one inverter module at the other end,i.e., the second end of the conductor bar on the other end face of the magnetically conductive body of the stator is electrically combined with the other partial conductors of the further conductor bars arranged in the respective slots to form a short-circuit ring, wherein a predeterminable number of physical and / or chemical sensors are provided on and / or within the drive, which are assigned to at least one or more sections of the rotary dynamoelectric machine and / or one or more inverter modules, wherein at least one evaluation and / or control unit is assigned to the drive, which enables at least a preliminary evaluation of recorded data from the sensors, wherein communication from the evaluation and / or control unit to at least one cloud and / or to the inverter modules is enabled in predeterminable time intervals and / or data packets.

[0014] The solution to the problem is also achieved by a method for operating and / or monitoring and / or simulating a drive according to the invention by the following steps:

[0015] Recording of at least some of the data in and on the drive by means of suitable sensors and / or recording means, transmission of the recorded data to at least one evaluation and / or control unit, wherein at least a preliminary evaluation of the data takes place there, wherein, depending on the evaluation, operating parameters such as voltage and / or current are specifically recorded, evaluated, monitored and controlled via the inverter module(s) down to the partial conductor levels of a stator of a dynamoelectric machine.

[0016] The solution to the problem is also achieved by a digital twin system of a drive according to the invention comprising : a physical part with a physical drive for driving a working machine ) , a virtual part with a digital image of the drive ,

[0017] Sensors and detection elements for detecting data of the drive inside and / or outside the drive, at least one data transmission element for data transmission between the physical part and the virtual part, wherein the data can be transmitted to the virtual part by the data transmission element, wherein the digital image of the drive can be changed depending on the transmitted data.

[0018] The solution to the problem is also achieved by a computer program product for simulating the operating behavior of a drive according to the invention which drives a working machine.

[0019] The fact that the generation of the magnetic field in the stator of the dynamoelectric machine can now be controlled by a single conductor bar (or even individual partial conductors or partial conductor bundles of the conductor bar) and thus down to the slot level or partial conductor bar level by means of software assigned to an inverter module opens up completely new possibilities for the digital penetration of a drive and thus of the rotating electrical machine, the inverter modules and other components of the drive, such as bearings, couplings, etc.

[0020] Due to accessibility constraints, electrical quantities such as drive current and voltage have traditionally been measured only at the terminals of the rotating electrical machine. This summary measurement allows, for example, the detection of asymmetry in the electrical measured quantities, but the topology of the dynamoelectric machine (connected winding, etc.) makes it virtually impossible to influence this.

[0021] This is now sustainably improved by a drive according to the invention and its method, in that the drive is "permeated" with a predeterminable number of physical and chemical sensors and detection elements. The following data for the drive can be detected by corresponding sensors or other detection elements, in particular location-dependent and / or time-dependent:

[0022] • Measurement of the environment, such as humidity, temperature, pressure, noise, etc.

[0023] • Recording of the following winding parameters in the conductor bar or the respective partial conductors in one or more slots of the stator, such as temperature, partial discharge, applied voltage, current flow, vibrations, magnetic field, network perturbations.

[0024] • Recording of the following rotor data, such as temperature, magnetic field oscillations, vibrations.

[0025] • Recording of the following bearing data, such as temperature, lubrication condition, thermal or rheological behavior of a lubricant, lubricant pressure, flow rate of the lubricant, viscosity characteristics of the lubricant, partial discharges in the lubricant, oscillations, vibrations.

[0026] • Recording of cooling data, such as temperatures in the respective cooling circuits and the amount of coolant circulated. • Recording of data from the electrical rotating machine, such as speed and / or slip, oscillation torque, foundation vibrations, overload, efficiency, and network perturbations.

[0027] • The materials of the drive, the dynamo-electric machine, clutch, bearings, etc., such as elastic modulus, stiffness, anisotropy information, thermal characteristics, such as thermal expansion behavior, can already be stored in a digital twin.

[0028] Depending on the type of sensor or physical or chemical parameters (temperature, vibration, abrasion, etc.), predefined sampling rates or time constants must be taken into account in the evaluation or control.

[0029] This data is fed to an evaluation unit or a control system, which can also be fed to a digital twin of the drive via corresponding data connections.

[0030] With the drive concept underlying this, in which the magnetic flux for each stator slot of the dynamo-electric machine can be influenced via a separate inverter module, the electrical quantities current and voltage can be recorded down to the slot level - provided only one conductor bar is provided per slot - and, if required, specifically evaluated and controlled depending on the operating conditions.

[0031] However, if the conductor bar is divided into several sub-conductors per slot, which may each be assigned to its own inverter module, the electrical quantities current and voltage can even be recorded per sub-conductor or sub-conductor bundle and, if required and depending on the operating conditions, even evaluated and controlled specifically per sub-conductor or sub-conductor bundle.

[0032] Based on the recorded data, for example, a pole reversal or a partial shutdown (individual conductor bars are not supplied with current or are supplied with only a small amount) of the electrical machine can be achieved. Likewise, redundancy requirements for the drive can be met.

[0033] Furthermore, an asymmetrical current distribution can be set in the conductor bars in order to counteract unwanted magnetic pull in the air gap of the electrical machine.

[0034] Until now, sensors (e.g., temperature, vibration) only provided summary values, i.e., measured values ​​for components or the entire drive. Thanks to the drive concept according to the invention, the data can be recorded not only in fine detail, but also evaluated accordingly, and the drive can then be adjusted accordingly. This results, for example, in the ability to record and adjust current and voltage down to the groove level or even the partial conductor level of a conductor bar.

[0035] Based on the fine-grained data acquisition, conclusions can also be drawn about the summation of the measured values, which also benefits subsequent drive types, as only the necessary number of sensors and acquisition elements need to be provided in the drive.

[0036] This also makes it possible to compare the summarily formed measured values ​​with the singular measured values ​​and to record the effect on the component, the entire drive and a working machine by specifically changing individual slot / partial conductor fluxes and, for example, to set the total vibration value on the bearing plate, a coupling or the housing to a minimum by specifically adjusting the slot / partial conductor fluxes.

[0037] In principle, the data from a sensor positioned anywhere on and / or in the drive can be transmitted to the control system, taken into account in a control strategy, the required current and / or voltage can be specified via the inverter module for the conductor bar or the partial conductor or the partial conductor bundle in the slot and thus the entire drive and / or machine behavior can be adapted accordingly.

[0038] Due to the wide range of control options available with this drive, a corresponding number of sensors can be positioned on and inside the drive for real-time monitoring. These sensors also provide data for a digital twin and / or maintenance intervals, and, if necessary, for optimization of subsequent models of these drives.

[0039] This means that less effort is required to collect data in subsequent models that rely on the same digital twin.

[0040] In addition, or as a result, knowledge of the electrical parameters at the slot / conductor level allows component stresses (vibration dampers on the motor base; bearing loads; loads on the coupling to the driven machine, etc.) to be narrowed down very precisely, leading to significantly improved condition analysis and service life assessment. Maintenance intervals can thus be maximized.

[0041] All of the above-mentioned data on the drive, the bearings, the coupling, the driven machine, temperatures of cooling media (not shown), noise emissions, torsional vibrations of the shaft, etc., which are fed to the evaluation and / or control unit of the drive, are made available to a digital twin in supplementary or partial form. The data is not only transferred from the evaluation and / or control unit of the drive to the digital twin, but it is also possible to initiate necessary drive measures from the digital twin. This creates a bidirectional data connection which allows feedback from and to the drive, and whose operation can be actively monitored and influenced.Alternatively, the operating data of this current drive can be derived from a comparatively small number of sensors - for example only on the clutch - using AI (artificial intelligence) (if necessary fed from the digital twin of another predecessor machine (learning machine)).

[0042] With the digitalization of the drive, including down to the slot level / sub-conductor level, and the ability to intervene in the machine behavior in a controlled manner, a number of advantages arise for the electrical machine and / or a driven machine, such as minimizing vibration behavior, minimizing noise behavior, maximizing efficiency, minimizing oscillation torques, optimizing synchronization properties, improving the analysis of component stresses and improving the availability assessment of the drive components.

[0043] Such a method for operating such a drive with an electrical rotating machine , in particular a motor or a generator , is used , for example , in an industrial environment with numerous automated processes in order to coordinate maintenance intervals or to initiate countermeasures at an early stage if necessary .

[0044] To determine the behavior of the drive with its components and its working machine, powerful models of these components, e.g. of the electric rotating machine, are provided in the cloud, which are calculated, for example, with a thermal simulator, in particular based on the finite element method, and / or determined empirically through measurements.

[0045] The cloud is, in particular, an IT infrastructure in which, for example, storage space, computing power, and application software are provided as a service via the Internet. Using the data provided by the cloud, appropriate models can be created, and actions for the current drive can be initiated from them.

[0046] Alternatively, a simple mathematical model, for example, approximated from a complex physical model, is provided from the cloud. This model is then further processed in the evaluation and / or control unit with minimal computational effort. One means for determining the required drive parameters is, for example, a computing unit, which in particular comprises a microprocessor with a memory.

[0047] The respective models (thermal model, vibration model, mechanical load model, etc.) of the drive or its components can be provided in the cloud or as a digital twin, so that complex calculations can be performed at least partially in the cloud. This keeps the power consumption of the evaluation and / or control unit comparatively low.

[0048] It is particularly advantageous to transmit the data recorded by the sensors and detection elements wirelessly to the evaluation unit. This data can be transmitted wirelessly, for example, via Bluetooth LE or REID. Wireless transmission of the sensor data means that actual operation is not affected, for example, by interfering cables. Furthermore, wireless temperature sensors, especially passive ones, are inexpensive and easy to install on and in the machine.

[0049] Means for determining additional operating parameters include, for example, at least one sensor for measuring a physical parameter of the electrical rotating machine and a microprocessor that determines an operating parameter from the physical parameter. By incorporating additional operating parameters, the accuracy and thus the reliability of drive monitoring are increased.

[0050] In the case of parameterizable models, the accuracy of the respective determination is increased by including additional relevant operating parameters.

[0051] The problem is also solved by a computer program product according to the invention. The computer program product is designed to simulate the operating behavior of a drive that can be used in an industrial application. For this purpose, the drive's structure is mapped in the computer program product and has adjustable properties, as a whole and / or component-by-component, that are relevant to the operating behavior.

[0052] The computer program product can comprise a physical model with which the operating behavior of the drive can be simulated, taking into account the adjustable properties. To adjust the properties, the computer program product can have at least one data interface via which the properties can be adjusted by user input and / or input from another simulation-oriented computer program product.

[0053] Likewise, information on the current operating state can be specified via the data interface, for example existing axial forces, radial forces, tilting moments and / or speeds of the shaft.

[0054] The operating behavior of, for example, the shaft arrangement with the bearings, as part of the drive, can include a locally resolved lubricant film thickness, a locally resolved lubricant temperature, a lubricant loss, an existing mechanical stress, and / or a wear contribution according to a damage model. The simulated operating behavior can be output to a user and / or another simulation-oriented computer program product via a further data interface of the computer program product. By means of the computer program product according to the invention, above all such a drive can be optimized for use in an industrial application by simulation.

[0055] The computer program product can, for example, also be designed as a so-called digital twin.

[0056] A digital twin in the sense of the invention is a digital representation of a tangible or intangible object - i.e. the drive with its components, such as dynamoelectric machines, inverter modules, bearings, couplings, etc. - from the real world in the digital world. Digital twins enable comprehensive data exchange. They are more than just data and have models (e.g. thermal model, vibration model, magnetic field model, force model, etc.) of the represented drive or its components and can also contain simulations, algorithms and services that describe, monitor, influence the properties or behavior of the represented drive, or offer services via them.

[0057] This also involves communication between the real and virtual drives. Data flows from the real to the virtual drive, as well as information from the virtual drive to the real drive or the process that can be influenced by it. By comparing and analyzing the deviations between the real and virtual drives, the real drives can be adjusted to each other if necessary, thus regulating their controllable processes, such as compressors or conveyor belts.

[0058] One possibility is for the virtual object, i.e., the virtual drive, to be the leading element in this digital twin concept, to which the real object, i.e., the real drive, must adapt. In technical systems, deviations that occur can be used to derive a readjustment of a system component or, for example, predictive maintenance.

[0059] The inventive definition of the digital twin therefore also includes control based on real-time data from the drive or its components, so that the following known archetypes exist: Basic Digital Twin, Enriched Digital Twin, Autonomous Control Twin, Enhanced Autonomous Control Twin, Exhaustive Twin.

[0060] The drive with its digital twin is therefore part of the Industry 4.0 concept, which has the following design principles:

[0061] • Networking: the aim is to network the entire drive of machines, devices, sensors and people, preferably via the Internet of Things.

[0062] • Information transparency: Sensor data should expand information systems of digital models in order to create a virtual image of the real drive world of this drive or drive train.

[0063] • Furthermore, it is intended to ensure technical assistance with which well-founded decisions about the operation of the drive can be made and problems that arise can be solved more quickly.

[0064] • Furthermore, it should be possible to make decentralized decisions within the drive system. Only in defined exceptional cases, e.g., in the event of malfunctions or conflicting objectives in the drive train, will a higher authority be contacted.

[0065] Decentralized decisions include, for example, increasing cooling when temperatures rise, by switching on an external fan or operating at a higher speed. Decisions made by a higher authority, for example, include determining the operating behavior of the dynamoelectric machine when partial discharges are detected locally.

[0066] According to the invention, the drive is embedded in the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT refers to a global infrastructure of information societies that enables the networking of physical and virtual objects and the interoperation of the drives through information and communication technologies.

[0067] The Internet of Things refers to the linking of uniquely identifiable physical objects with a virtual representation in an Internet-like structure.

[0068] The goal of IoT is to automatically capture relevant information from the real world of the drive, link it together, and make it available on the network. The goal is for the dynamoelectric machine, the inverter modules, etc., to make their status information available for further processing on the network. The network can be local, self-contained as a VPN, or connected to the Internet via separately secured firewalls.

[0069] Such status information can include information about current usage, aging, but also about specific environmental conditions or operating behavior at the location of the drive. Such information can be evaluated to improve the usability of the drive (early detection of maintenance or replacement, etc.).

[0070] The drive and its digital twin form a so-called cyber-physical system. This refers to a network of information technology and software components with mechanical and electronic parts that communicate via a data infrastructure, such as the internet. The formation of such a cyber-physical system arises from the networking of embedded systems through wired or wireless communication networks.

[0071] By transmitting the data of the drive and / or its components to the virtual part, the operation of the drive can be optimized for different load conditions by targeted intervention via the individual inverter modules in the magnetic field-forming current on the respective slot levels, e.g. using artificial intelligence (AI).

[0072] Data transmission from drive components can occur continuously and / or cyclically. The respective data transmission element transmits this data, whereupon the digital image of the drive and thus the software object is changed depending on the data. The respective software object can, for example, be changed once per second. However, the cycle can also be shorter or longer. A cycle of at least 1 ms and a maximum of 100 ms is particularly suitable.

[0073] Such a drive is used, for example, in strip / wire drawing systems, in the maritime sector or in test benches.

[0074] When used in a strip / wire drawing system, the highest demands are placed on the drive in terms of synchronization quality and constant torque with high dynamics. Here, the control software can directly influence and, if necessary, immediately correct parameters such as material thickness and speed fluctuations via the high-frequency converters located for each slot.

[0075] When used as a maritime drive up to the MW range, the focus is on compact machine design, noise and vibration behavior, energy efficiency, and high availability, depending on the drive task. By feeding back sensors, e.g. on the ship's outer wall (vibration, structure-borne noise), minimal impacts on the drive can be adjusted via the slot converters. To achieve optimal energy efficiency, individual slots can be switched off and reconnected as needed, depending on the power requirement. Likewise, targeted switching off of faulty slot converters allows the drive to continue operating with unchanged (partial load) or reduced drive power (rated load).

[0076] If the drive is part of a test bench (automotive, transmission, etc.), the high requirements for synchronization quality (low oscillation torques), speed control range, and rotational dynamics can be met. An extended speed control range results from the design of the drive itself. By eliminating the winding overhangs, the bearing spacing can be reduced and the control range extended. In addition, by specifically influencing the vibration excitation via the slot converter, resonances can be dampened, i.e., blocking regions can be avoided.

[0077] The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments shown in principle. The figures are to be read as complementary to one another in that identical reference numerals in different figures have the same technical meaning. The features of the individual embodiments can also be combined with one another. Furthermore, the embodiments shown in the figures can be combined with the features listed above. They show in detail:

[0078] FIG 1 is a partial perspective view of a drive, FIG 2 is a basic longitudinal section of a drive, FIG 3 is an embedding of a drive in a digitization environment.

[0079] It should be noted that terms such as “axial”, “radial”, “tangential” etc. refer to the axis 11 used in the respective figure or in the respective described example. In other words, the directions axial, radial and tangential always refer to an axis 11 of the rotor 8 and thus to the corresponding axis of symmetry of the stator 2. “Axial” describes a direction parallel to the axis 11, “radial” describes a direction orthogonal to the axis 11, towards it or away from it, and “tangential” is a direction which is at a constant radial distance from the axis 11 and, at a constant axial position, is directed in a circle around the axis 11. The expression “in the circumferential direction” is to be equated with “tangential”.

[0080] With regard to a surface, e.g. a cross-sectional area, the terms "axial", "radial", "tangential" etc. describe the orientation of the normal vector of the surface, i.e. the vector that is perpendicular to the surface in question.

[0081] The term "coaxial components", e.g. coaxial components such as rotor 8 and stator 2, is understood here to mean components which have the same normal vectors, i.e. for which the planes defined by the coaxial components are parallel to one another. Furthermore, the expression should include that the centers of coaxial components lie on the same axis of rotation or symmetry. However, these centers can possibly lie at different axial positions on this axis and the said planes can therefore have a distance >0 from one another. The expression does not necessarily require that coaxial components have the same radius.

[0082] The term "complementary" in the context of two components which are "complementary" to one another means that their external shapes are designed in such a way that one component can preferably be arranged completely within its complementary component, so that the inner surface of one component and the outer surface of the other component ideally touch each other seamlessly or over their entire surface. Consequently, in the case of two objects which are complementary to one another, the external shape of one object is determined by the external shape of the other object. The term "complementary" could be replaced by the term "inverse".

[0083] For the sake of clarity, in some cases where components are present more than once, not all of the components shown are provided with reference symbols in the figures.

[0084] The embodiments described below can be combined in any way. Individual features of the respective embodiments can also be combined without departing from the essence of the invention.

[0085] 1 shows a perspective view of the basic structure of a dynamoelectric machine 1 according to the invention. Inverter modules 6 are arranged on one end face of the magnetically conductive body of a stator 2. On the other end face of the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2 there is a short-circuit ring 5 of the stator 2 which electrically contacts and short-circuits the individual conductor bars 4 of the stator 2 arranged in slots 3. The magnetically conductive body of the stator 2 is constructed as an axially layered laminated core. A rotor 8 is arranged radially spaced from the stator 2 by an air gap 22. This rotor 8 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft 10 which can rotate about an axis 11. In this case the rotor 8 is designed with a short-circuit cage 9. The magnetically conductive body of the rotor 8 is constructed as an axially layered laminated core.

[0086] The inverter modules 6 are also arranged axially in a stacked manner, provided there are multiple inverter modules 6 per conductor bar. The inverter modules 6 are electrically connected, in particular with low resistance, to their respective conductors, in particular conductor bars 4 or partial conductors, via connection elements 7 (not shown in detail), which can carry the required currents (> 1000 A) as operating current.

[0087] Switching such high currents leads to thermal stress on the respective inverter module 6 .

[0088] Thus, between two or more axially and / or radially arranged inverter modules 6, cooling elements are optionally provided between the inverter modules 6, which are at least partially in heat-conducting contact with the adjacent inverter modules 6.

[0089] The shaft 10 is supported via bearings 26 and bearing shields on a housing 23 and / or a cover of the dynamoelectric machine 1.

[0090] Axially extending cooling channels may also be provided in the laminated core of the stator 2. Axially extending cooling channels may also be provided in the laminated core of the rotor 8, radially within the laminated core of the squirrel cage 9.

[0091] On one end face of the stator 2, the respective inverter modules 6 are electrically contacted at the ends of the conductor bars 4 or their partial conductors projecting axially from this end face.

[0092] Each partial conductor or each partial conductor bundle of a conductor bar 4 is connected to a separate inverter module 6 .

[0093] The partial conductors run parallel at least within the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2.

[0094] The partial conductors can also change their position in the slot 3, at least within the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2, along their axial path, in particular by being arranged in a Roebel manner. The partial conductors are designed as solid or waveguides.

[0095] The partial conductors are each provided with an insulating layer at least in sections when viewed in the circumferential direction.

[0096] The short-circuit ring 5 of the stator 2, as well as the short-circuit ring of the rotor 8, can be constructed from partial disks. This allows, for example, an air flow 18 to flow radially between these partial disks of the short-circuit rings, of the stator 2 and rotor 8, and thus, due to the larger surface areas of these short-circuit rings, to efficiently cool both these short-circuit rings and the sections of the conductor bars 4 located there and / or the short-circuit cage 9 of the rotor 8.

[0097] The air flow required for this can be generated by an external fan 21 and / or a self-contained fan 13, shown in principle, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 10. The radially conveyed air flow is drawn, among other things, via an axial cooling channel of the rotor 8, thereby also cooling the laminated core of the rotor 8.

[0098] In one embodiment, e.g. according to FIG. 2, the laminated core of the stator 2 and rotor 8 is divided into axially layered partial laminated cores 14, 15, wherein spacers of the rotor 8 in particular can be designed as fan-like elements which generate a self-ventilating function when the rotor 8 rotates and thus, among other things, convey cooling air from a channel, at least partially, radially through the slot 26 of the rotor 8 and the slot 17 of the stator 2. Cooling air for the slots 16 of the stator 2 can also be provided via the air gap 22.

[0099] To achieve improved cooling, the short-circuit rings of stator 2 and rotor 8 can be arranged axially offset. An axial distance between the inverter modules 6 also enables efficient air cooling.

[0100] In principle, the cooling of this drive, i.e., the dynamoelectric machine 1, with the inverter modules 6, can be open (heat exchange occurs with the ambient air, e.g., via air slots in the machine housing using ambient air). Alternatively, the cooling of this drive, i.e., the dynamoelectric machine 1, with the inverter modules 6, can also be achieved via a closed internal cooling circuit (primary circuit 18) within the housing 23, with the internal cooling circuit (primary circuit 18) being recooled by a secondary cooling device (secondary cooling circuit 19).

[0101] FIG 2 shows a closed internal cooling circuit (primary circuit 18) within the housing 23 with a secondary cooling device (top cooler 20) for cooling the air flow of the primary circuit 18.

[0102] The add-on cooler 20 can be designed as a tube cooler or plate cooler, in which case there is a primary-side X-ventilation of the drive (in particular dynamoelectric machine 1, with the inverter modules 6).

[0103] The primary circuit 18 is a gaseous cooling flow, in particular an air flow or an air flow distribution, regardless of one-sided or two-sided ventilation (Z or X ventilation) within the dynamoelectric machine 1, which flows against and / or around and / or through components of the dynamoelectric machine 1, such as inverter modules 6, short-circuit rings of stator 2 and / or rotor 8, magnetically conductive bodies of stator 2 and / or rotor 8 (e.g. laminated cores or partial laminated cores 14, 15), conductors 8, at least housing sections, bearing shields and bearings 26 and is designed as a closed circuit (internal cooling circuit or primary circuit 18) which has no flow contact to the outside. The air flow of the primary circuit 18 is generated by one or more internal fans 13 and / or external fans 21 in a pushing or sucking manner within the housing 23 of the dynamoelectric machine 1.

[0104] The secondary circuit 19 is a cooling flow, liquid cooling flow (e.g. based on water) or a gaseous cooling flow (e.g. based on air) in an add-on cooler 20 which is thermally coupled to the cooling flow of the primary circuit 18 and can therefore recool it, wherein the cooling flow or a cooling flow distribution, in particular air of the secondary circuit 19, is generated by internal and / or external fans or corresponding pumps, in a pushing or sucking manner.

[0105] The secondary circuit 19 is preferably open, i.e. it is operated with ambient air which draws in air from the environment, heats it by the medium of the primary circuit 18 and then releases it back into the environment. This means that the dynamoelectric machine 1, equipped with such an add-on cooler 20, can be set up in almost any location without fear of contamination of the interior of the drive (dynamoelectric machine 1, with the inverter modules 6). Only the heat exchangers of the add-on cooler 20, such as tubes or plates, have to be cleaned. In addition, filter mats or air filters for heavily polluted air can be provided upstream of the inlet of the secondary circuit 19 if necessary.

[0106] In this case, each air flow of both the primary circuit 18 and the secondary circuit 19 can be divided into parallel flow paths, at least in sections, within its flow path, particularly during the heat exchange between the primary circuit 18 and the secondary circuit 19, which increases the efficiency of the recooling. This is advantageously achieved by guide devices 24 in the dynamoelectric machine 1 and / or in the secondary circuit 19 designed as an add-on cooler 20, in order to optimize the cooling effect of the primary circuit 18 and / or the secondary circuit 19.

[0107] The internal cooling circuit of the dynamoelectric machine 1 , with the inverter modules 6 - i.e. the primary circuit 18 - can be designed as Z- or X-ventilation.

[0108] One-sided ventilation (Z-ventilation) of the internal cooling circuit refers to the ventilation of the dynamoelectric machine 1, in which an air flow (primary circuit 18) is fed into a winding head chamber on one side of the dynamoelectric machine 1 and then reaches the other winding head chamber via various parallel and / or serial flow channels - including the winding head, the back of the laminated core of the stator 2, radial cooling channels 16, 17, the air gap 22, etc. From there, the heated air of the primary circuit 18 is driven by one or more fans - internal fans or external fans - into the add-on cooler 20 for recooling.

[0109] The air from the primary circuit 18 is thus guided through one winding head chamber into the housing 23 of the dynamoelectric machine 1 and from there, via the winding head and the laminated cores and / or the air gap 22, among other things, into the other winding head chamber. From there, the cooling air flow, which may now be further heated, is recooled via the add-on cooler 20 by means of the secondary circuit 19.

[0110] The ventilation of the dynamoelectric machine 1 is referred to as two-sided ventilation (X-ventilation) of the internal cooling circuit, in which an air flow (primary circuit 18) is fed into the respective winding head space on both sides of the dynamoelectric machine 1 and then reaches the top cooler 20 essentially in the center of the back of the stator laminated core via various parallel and / or serial flow channels - including the winding head, the back of the laminated core of the stator 2, the radial cooling channels 16, 17, the air gap 22, etc. The heated air from the primary circuit 18 is thus conveyed by one or more fans - internal fans or external fans - into the top cooler 20 for recooling. Corresponding, in particular adjustable, aperture elements, such as nozzle elements, improve the flow pattern of the primary circuit 18 by allowing specific "hot spots" (e.g. inverter modules 6) within the primary circuit 18 to be controlled in a targeted manner.

[0111] The secondary circuit 19—i.e., the top-mounted cooler 20—of the dynamoelectric rotary machine 1 can be designed as a tube cooler or plate cooler, whose cooling medium is air or water. Such closed primary cooling circuits 18 are best implemented on the secondary side with the following top-mounted coolers 20 (air-to-air cooling units via tube or plate coolers; or air-to-liquid cooling units via at least a partially circumferential jacket or top-mounted cooler).

[0112] The top cooler 20 has channels or flow paths (not shown) of the primary circuit 18 and the secondary circuit 19. It also has corresponding openings in the housing 23 to implement the respective cooling principles.

[0113] Adjustable guide devices 24 such as nozzle elements or aperture elements guide and / or branch the air flow of the primary circuit 18 within the housing 23 to the respective heat sources.

[0114] Guide devices for the cooling air flow can also be provided in the secondary circuit 19.

[0115] Such a drive, i.e., the dynamoelectric machine 1, with conductor bars 4 or partial conductors that can be controlled separately via inverter modules 6, is particularly suitable for industrial plants where rapidly changing operating conditions are required and where control-related reactions of the drive are necessary within a very short time (adjustment of a magnetic axial or radial tension, reaction to rotor vibrations, speed adjustments, redundancy of the machine 1 in the event of failure of a conductor bar 4 or its inverter modules 6, etc.).

[0116] FIG. 3 shows a drive, i.e., the dynamoelectric machine 1, with its inverter modules 6, wherein the shaft 10 drives a drive machine 28 (not shown in detail) via a coupling 27. The drive data recorded by sensors is transmitted, either wired or wirelessly, to a control system 29 via data connections 25.

[0117] Sampling rates or time constants in the evaluation or control can be specified and are taken into account depending on the type of sensor (recording of physical or chemical parameters such as temperature, vibration, abrasion, etc.).

[0118] In principle, the data of a sensor positioned at any point on and / or in the drive can be transmitted to the control system, taken into account in a control strategy, and as a result, specified to the assigned inverter module(s) 6 and thus the entire drive and / or machine behavior can be controlled accordingly.

[0119] Due to the wide range of control options available with this drive, a corresponding number of sensors can be positioned on and in the drive for real-time monitoring.

[0120] These sensors also provide data for a digital twin 30 or maintenance intervals, and if necessary data for optimization for successor models of these drives.

[0121] In addition, or as a result, knowledge of the electrical parameters at the slot level or even at the sub-conductor level allows component stresses (e.g., vibration dampers on the motor base; loads on the bearings 26; loads on the coupling 27 to the driven machine, etc.) to be very narrowly defined, which leads to a significantly improved condition analysis and service life assessment. Maintenance intervals of the drive can thus be maximized.

[0122] FIG 3 shows by way of example that a control system feeds all data of the drive, the bearings, the coupling, the working machine, temperatures of cooling media (not shown), noise emissions, torsional vibrations of the shaft, etc. to the control of the drive.

[0123] This data can be used to "feed" a digital twin 30, which also allows feedback to the drive and can influence its operation.

[0124] With the digitalization of such a drive in particular, which creates control interventions down to the groove level or even the sub-conductor level, with the possibility of intervening in the machine behavior of the current operation of the drive from the control system and / or even based on the digital twin, a number of advantages arise for the electrical machine and / or a working machine.

[0125] This allows vibration, noise, and oscillation torque to be minimized while simultaneously maximizing drive efficiency. Synchronization characteristics are also improved.

[0126] By continuously analyzing the current state of the current drive and merging data in the digital twin of other drives of the same type, the analysis of individual component loads can be improved. This also leads to an improved availability assessment of the drive. Data transmission can be synchronous or asynchronous (in data blocks). Unidirectional and bidirectional data transmission is also possible. Depending on the dynamics of the monitored and / or acquired data, the data transmission rate can range from a few bits / s up to Mbps.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Drive (32) with a rotary dynamoelectric machine (1) with a plurality of inverter modules (6), wherein the rotary dynamoelectric machine (1) has a stator (2) and a rotor (8), wherein the stator (2) has a winding system in a magnetically conductive body, in particular a laminated core, wherein the stator (2) and rotor (8) are separated from one another by an air gap (22), wherein the winding system is arranged in slots (3) of the magnetically conductive body, which slots face the air gap (22), and has conductor bars that are one piece or constructed from partial conductors, wherein the winding system has, for each slot (3), in particular, a conductor bar (4) divided into partial conductors, the partial conductors of which are electrically contacted with at least one inverter module (6) at a first end of the conductor bar (4) and the partial conductors of which are electrically contacted with at least one inverter module (6) at the other end,i.e., the second end of the conductor bar (4) on the other end face of the magnetically conductive body of the stator (2) is electrically combined with the other partial conductors of the further conductor bars (4) arranged in the respective slots (3) to form a short-circuit ring (5), wherein a predeterminable number of physical and / or chemical sensors are provided on and / or within the drive (32), which sensors are assigned to at least one or more sections of the rotary dynamoelectric machine (1) and / or one or more inverter modules (6), wherein at least one evaluation and / or control unit (29) is assigned to the drive (32), which enables at least a preliminary evaluation of data acquired by the sensors, wherein communication from the evaluation and / or control unit (29) to at least one cloud and / or to the inverter modules is enabled in predeterminable time intervals and / or data packets, wherein the operation of the drive (32) can be actively monitored and influenced down to the groove level, for example by setting a magnetic pull, a synchronous quality and a predeterminable torque with high dynamics via the control and / or the inverter modules (6).

2. Drive (32) according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more partial conductors, in particular a partial conductor bundle of a conductor bar (4) are connected to an inverter module (6), or a one-piece conductor bar (4) is connected to an inverter module (6) per groove (3).

3. Drive (32) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensors detect operating parameters, for example vibration behavior of the stator and / or rotor, noise behavior, oscillation torques, synchronous running properties and forward them to the evaluation and / or control unit (29).

4. Drive (32) according to claim 3, characterized in that the data detected by the sensors can be transmitted to the evaluation and / or control unit (29) in a wired or wireless manner.

5. A method for operating and / or monitoring and / or simulating a drive (32) according to one of claims 1 to 4 by the following steps: detecting at least some of the data in and on the drive (32) by means of suitable sensors and / or detecting means, Transmission of the recorded data to at least one evaluation and / or control unit (29), wherein at least a preliminary evaluation of the data takes place there, wherein, depending on the evaluation, operating parameters such as voltage and / or current via the inverter module(s) down to partial conductor levels of a stator of a dynamic moelectric machine (1) are specifically recorded, evaluated, monitored and controlled.

6. Digital twin system of a drive (32) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: a physical part with a physical drive (32) for driving a work machine (28), a virtual part with a digital image of the drive (32), sensors and detection elements for detecting data of the drive (32) inside and / or outside the drive (32), at least one data transmission element (33) for data transmission between the physical part and the virtual part, wherein the data can be transmitted to the virtual part by the data transmission element (33), wherein the digital image of the drive (32) can be changed depending on the transmitted data.

7. Digital twin system of a drive according to claim 6, wherein the physical drive (32), in particular the inverter modules (6) or at least individual inverter modules (6) are actively influenced via the data transmission element (33) starting from the evaluation and / or control unit (29) or the virtual drive (32).

8. Computer program product for simulating an operating behavior of a drive (32) which drives a work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (32) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.

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