Modular structure for building a wall
The modular structure for wall construction addresses the inefficiencies of existing systems by enabling easy assembly with a wooden frame and insulating spacers, resulting in reduced construction time and costs, improved mechanical resistance, and enhanced insulation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023003990
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-04-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing modular construction structures for walls require significant technical skill, labor, and time to assemble, especially when needing to be built vertically on site, and often lack efficiency in insulation and load resistance.
A modular structure for wall construction featuring a wooden frame with intersecting rows of panels, end modules, and insulating stiffening spacers, allowing for easy assembly by a single person without complex tools, while providing excellent mechanical resistance and thermal insulation.
The modular structure significantly reduces construction time and costs, enhances mechanical resistance, and achieves excellent thermal and sound insulation, making it suitable for rapid and efficient wall construction.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Modular structure for the construction of a wall Technical field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of construction and more particularly aims at a modular construction structure.
[0002] The modular construction structure according to the invention can in particular be used for the construction of a wall, such as a wall, a low wall or a floor. Technological background
[0003] Document EP0697487A1 discloses elements for the construction of walls, ceilings or roofs, made of wooden boards or molded wood-based materials, and to which planking is attached on one or both sides and the cavities of which are filled with soundproofing and thermal insulation materials. This document thus discloses a so-called folded structure, made of wood or molded wood-based materials, which mainly assumes the load-bearing function in the final product. The wooden boards are connected to each other by means of a ridge. The resulting cavities of the folded structure are filled with insulation.
[0004] Such a structure is not entirely satisfactory. In fact, the same wall, roof or ceiling is made by a single folded structure, consisting of a single row of boards. Such a structure therefore needs to be built in a workshop or on site flat on the existing slab then straightened and placed vertically. This method, to be carried out according to the rules of the art, requires great technical skill and a lot of handling (labor and lifting equipment). The time taken to complete can also be significant, especially since it is subsequently necessary to carry out the insulation inside the uprights. Summary
[0005] An idea at the basis of the invention is to propose a modular construction structure allowing a wall to be built simply and quickly, in particular by a single person, without knowledge or complex tools.
[0006] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a modular structure for the construction of a wall, said modular structure having a thickness direction directed transversely to said modular structure and comprising a wooden frame which comprises: - a succession of several rows of panels comprising at least a first row of panels and a second row of panels, each row of panels comprising a plurality of panels arranged in planes which are parallel to each other, are intersecting with the thickness direction and with the planes of the panels of each adjacent row of panels and comprising a first and a second edge, opposite one another, which are each equipped with two grooves, at least a first panel of the first row of panels being assembled to a first and a second neighboring panel of the second row of panels and a second of the panels of the first row of panels, neighboring the first panel of the first row of panels, being assembled to the second panel of the second row of panels, the grooves of the second edge of the first panel of the first row of panels being respectively assembled in one of the grooves of the first edge of one and the other of the first and second panels of the second row of panels,one of the grooves of the second edge of the second panel of the first row being assembled in one of the grooves of the first edge of the second panel of the second row of panels; , - first end modules which are arranged in planes which are parallel to each other and intersect the planes of the panels of the first row of panels, the first end modules each comprising two grooves; the grooves of the first edge of each panel of the first row of panels being respectively fitted into one of the grooves of two neighboring first end modules; - second end modules which are arranged in planes which are parallel to each other and intersecting the planes of the panels of a last row of panels; the grooves of the second edge of each panel of the last row of panels being respectively fitted into one of the grooves of two neighboring second end modules.
[0007] Thanks to these characteristics, the modular structure for the construction of a wall is easily assembled, allowing to reduce construction times and associated costs. The modular structure also offers good mechanical resistance.
[0008] According to one embodiment, the planes of the panels form an angle of between 30 and 60° with the thickness direction.
[0009] Thanks to this characteristic, the modular structure offers an excellent compromise between a limited number of panels to be assembled and increased load resistance, which improves the safety and durability of the wall constructed from said modular structure.
[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the planes of the panels form an angle of 45° with the thickness direction. This arrangement allows the use of identical panels for the different rows of panels. Furthermore, this arrangement is particularly advantageous for facilitating the most common cases of junctions between two walls, when these are arranged perpendicular to each other, as shown in the arrangement illustrated in [Fig.6].
[0011] According to one embodiment, the planes of the first end modules and the second end modules form an angle of between 75 and 105°° respectively with the planes of the panels of the first row of panels and the last row of panels.
[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the planes of the first and second end modules form an angle of 90° with the planes of the panels of the first row of panels and of the last row of panels.
[0013] According to one embodiment, in a junction zone between the first and second rows of panels, a first insulating stiffening spacer is force-fitted into a space defined by the first panel and the second panel of the first row of panels and by the first panel and the second panels of the second row of panels, the first panel and the second panel of the first row of panels as well as the first and the second panels of the second row of panels each bearing against a respective face of the first insulating stiffening spacer.
[0014] Thus, the first insulating stiffening spacer provides a dual function, namely to reinforce the rigidity of the structure and to provide thermal and sound insulation.
[0015] According to one embodiment, in a junction zone between the first end modules and the first row of panels, a second stiffening insulating spacer is force-fitted into a space defined by two first end modules and by the first and second panels of the first row of panels, said two first end modules as well as the first panel and the second panel of the first row of panels each bearing against a respective face of the second insulating spacer. Thanks to this characteristic, the rigidity of the modular structure is also reinforced in the junction zone between the first end modules and the first row of panels.
[0016] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises, in a junction zone between the second end modules and the last row of panels, a third insulating stiffening spacer which is force-fitted into a space defined by two second end modules and by two panels of the last row of panels, said two second end modules and two panels of the last row of panels each bearing against a respective face of the third insulating stiffening spacer.
[0017] According to one embodiment, the first insulating spacer, the second insulating spacer and / or the third insulating spacer has(have) a prism shape with a pentagonal base.
[0018] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises an insulating block which is housed in a compressed state in a space defined between the first panel and the second panel of the first row of panels and between the first insulating stiffening spacer and the second insulating stiffening spacer.
[0019] Thus, this configuration ensures excellent thermal insulation performance by avoiding the formation of gaps likely to form convection zones between the insulating block and the panels or between the insulating block and the stiffening insulating spacers.
[0020] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises an insulating block which is housed in a compressed state in a defined space, on the one hand, between the two panels of the last row of panels and, on the other hand, between the third insulating stiffening spacer and another insulating stiffening spacer.
[0021] According to one embodiment, the insulating block is made from a material chosen from plant fibers, mineral wools, low-density polymer foams or others.
[0022] Thus, the modular structure can achieve high thermal insulation.
[0023] According to one embodiment, the first insulating stiffening spacer and / or the second insulating stiffening spacer and / or the third insulating stiffening spacer are made of a material chosen from rigid wood fibers, hemp concrete, cork blocks, polymer foams, dense rock wools or others. Such materials are particularly effective in ensuring both the stiffening and insulation functions.
[0024] According to another embodiment, the modular structure comprises a first stiffening rail arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction and running along the rows of panels, in a junction zone between the first row of panels and the second row of panels, said first stiffening rail being fixed to panels of the first row of panels and / or to panels of the second row of panels, the first stiffening rail comprising a stiffening spacer projecting into a space defined by the second panel of the first row of panels and by the first panel of the second row of panels, said spacer comprising two ends respectively in contact against the first panel of the second row of panels and the second panel of the first row of panels.
[0025] Thus, this first stiffening rail contributes to the rigidity and stability of the entire modular structure.
[0026] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises a second stiffening rail arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction and running along the rows of panels, in a junction zone between the first end modules and the first row of panels, said second stiffening rail being fixed to panels of the first row of panels and / or to first end modules, said second stiffening rail comprising a stiffening spacer projecting into a space defined by the first panel of the first row of panels and by one of the first end modules; said stiffening spacer comprising two ends respectively in contact against the first panel of the first row of panels and said first end module.
[0027] These characteristics make it possible to improve the rigidity of the modular structure by reinforcing the junction between the first end modules and the first row of panels.
[0028] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises a third stiffening rail arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction and running along the rows of panels at a junction between the second end modules and the last row of panels, said third stiffening rail being fixed to panels of the last row of panels and / or to second end modules, said third stiffening rail comprising a stiffening spacer projecting into a space defined between one of the panels of the last row of panels and one of the second end modules; said spacer comprising two ends respectively in contact against said panel of the last row of panels and said second end module.
[0029] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises first end modules fixed to a first end rail and second end modules fixed, directly or indirectly, to a second end rail.
[0030] Thus, this arrangement makes it possible to ensure stable fixing between the first and second end modules and ultimately stable fixing of the entire modular structure.
[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, the modular structure comprises a plurality of pillars arranged on either side of the rows of panels and which are fixed to the first end rail and to the second end rail.
[0032] According to one embodiment, the pillars can be fixed directly to the first and / or second end rail by means of fixing members such as bolts, nails or screws.
[0033] According to other embodiments, the pillars can be fixed indirectly to the first and / or second end rail, for example via brackets or plates. fixing, which are themselves fixed to the first and / or second end rail by means of fixing members.
[0034] In one embodiment, the pillars are attached to the first end rail and the second end rail using fasteners, such as screws or nails. The pillars may be pre-drilled to facilitate insertion of the fasteners. The fasteners may be inserted at various locations along the pillars to provide a robust attachment.
[0035] Thus, according to these embodiments, the pillars can be removed and replaced if necessary, which allows greater flexibility in the configuration of the modular structure.
[0036] According to one embodiment, a modular structure comprises bracing panels arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction, on either side of the rows of panels. These bracing panels are fixed to the first end rail, to the second end rail and to the panels of each of the rows of panels.
[0037] According to one embodiment, the bracing panels can be fixed to the end rails and to the panels of each row of panels using fixing members, such as nails or screws. According to an advantageous variant, pre-drilled holes are made in the bracing panels and / or the end rails. The fixing members are then inserted into these holes and driven in to securely fix the bracing panels to the modular structure. Such bracing panels thus contribute to the rigidity of the modular structure.
[0038] According to another embodiment, the bracing panels can also be fixed to the modular structure using glue. To do this, a layer of glue is applied to the surface of the end rail and the panels of each row, as well as to the bracing panel. The bracing panel is then pressed against the glued surfaces, thus ensuring a robust and durable fixing.
[0039] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises a second end rail pierced with holes configured to allow filling of the spaces defined between the panels with loose insulation.
[0040] According to one embodiment, the spaces defined between the panels are filled with a loose insulation chosen from cellulose wadding, hemp or shiv, wood fiber, recycled textile, sheep wool, cork, polymer beads, cereal husks and their mixtures or others.
[0041] Thus, this arrangement allows for quick and easy installation of the insulation, improving the energy efficiency of the modular structure.
[0042] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises at least one rain screen and / or one vapor barrier screen arranged on either side of the wooden frame.
[0043] According to one embodiment, the rain screen or vapor barrier is fixed against the insulating spacers, the stiffening rails and / or the bracing panels, for example using staples or by gluing.
[0044] Thanks to these features, the modular structure provides additional protection against water and air infiltration, thus improving the energy efficiency and durability of the construction.
[0045] According to one embodiment, the modular structure comprises a finishing covering chosen from metal cladding, wood cladding, polymer cladding and facade cladding panels (of any type).
[0046] Thus, thanks to these characteristics, the modular structure can be coated with a weather-resistant and aesthetically attractive material, allowing it to be harmoniously integrated into its environment. Brief description of the figures
[0047] The invention will be better understood, and other aims, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, with reference to the appended drawings.
[0048] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] is a partial perspective view of a modular structure for the construction of a wall according to a first embodiment and illustrating a first end rail resting on a foundation element and first end modules fixed to the first end rail.
[0049] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a perspective, exploded and partial view of the structure modular according to the first embodiment, illustrating in addition to the elements illustrated in [Fig.l], two rows of panels and second end modules.
[0050] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a partial perspective view of the modular structure according to the first embodiment, illustrating in addition to the elements illustrated in [Fig.2], insulating blocks and insulating stiffening spacers.
[0051] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a partial perspective view of the modular structure according to the first embodiment illustrating, in addition to the elements illustrated in [Fig.3], a second end rail fixed on second end modules.
[0052] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is a partial perspective view of the modular structure according to the first embodiment illustrating, in addition to the elements visible in [Fig.4], a plurality of pillars, a rain screen and a vapor barrier as well as a finishing covering, partially shown.
[0053] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a partial perspective view of several structures modular according to the first embodiment.
[0054] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is a partial perspective view of a modular structure for the construction of a wall according to a second embodiment, illustrating a first end rail, first end modules fixed on the first end rail, two rows of panels, second end modules, stiffening rails and a second end rail pierced with holes.
[0055] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a top view of the first row of panels of the modular structure according to the second embodiment, in which stiffening spacers fixed to one of the stiffening rails are visible.
[0056] [Fig.9] [Fig.9] is a partial perspective view of a modular structure according to the second embodiment illustrating, in addition to the elements visible in [Fig.8], a rain screen, a vapor barrier, pillars as well as a finishing covering, partially shown; this figure also representing a method of filling the spaces defined between the panels, with loose insulation.
[0057] [Fig. 10] [Fig. 10] is a partial perspective view of a modular structure for constructing a wall according to a third embodiment, illustrating a first end rail; two rows of panels; a second end rail pierced with holes as well as bracing panels.
[0058] [Fig. 11] [Fig. 11] is a partial perspective view of a modular structure according to the third embodiment, illustrating in addition to the elements visible in [Fig. 10], a rain screen, a vapor barrier, a finishing coating, partially shown, as well as a method of filling the spaces defined between the panels, with loose insulation. Description of the embodiments
[0059] In relation to Figures 1 to 5, a modular structure for the construction of a wall according to a first embodiment is described, as well as its manufacturing method. In this embodiment, the wall produced is a wall. However, in other embodiments not shown, it may be another type of wall, such as a floor, a ceiling or a roof.
[0060] The modular structure comprises a first end rail 1 which rests, in [Fig.l], on a foundation element 2, such as a concrete slab for example. Advantageously, an anti-capillarity strip 3 is interposed between the first end rail 1 and the foundation element 2 in order to prevent rising damp by capillarity in the modular structure.
[0061] The first end rail 1 has a longitudinal direction corresponding to the length of the wall and perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall. (represented by the arrow referenced 4 in [Fig.l]). The first end rail 1 is, for example, a wooden board or a metal beam. It is fixed to the foundation element 2, for example by means of mechanical dowels.
[0062] The modular structure also comprises a plurality of first end modules 5 which are fixed to the first end rail 1, for example by gluing or by means of fixing members, such as nails or screws. According to an advantageous embodiment, the first end rail 1 and / or the first end modules 5 comprise relative pre-positioning means making it easier to position the first end modules 5 relative to the first end rail 1. These may for example be pins formed in the end modules 5 and orifices provided in the first end rail 1 and intended to receive said pins. A reverse structure is also possible.
[0063] The first end modules 5 are here formed by wooden pieces. The first end modules 1 are arranged parallel to each other. They form an angle α, illustrated in [Fig.l], with respect to the thickness direction which is between 30 and 60° and more particularly 45° in the embodiment shown. Each first end module 5 comprises two grooves 6 intended to receive complementary grooves of a first row of panels 7 which will be described later. They thus make it possible to ensure the assembly of the first row of panels 7 to the first end rail 1. As illustrated in [Fig.l], each of the ends of the first end modules 5 is cut at an angle so as to be oriented orthogonally to the thickness direction 4 of the wall and in the plane of one of the edges of the first end rail 1.
[0064] The modular structure also comprises a first row of panels 7 and a second row of panels 10, visible in [Fig. 2]. Each panel 7a, 7b of the first row 7 has on an edge 45, here the lower edge, two grooves 8 intended to receive the complementary grooves 6 of the first end modules 5. Each panel 7a, 7b of the first row further comprises on an edge 46, here the upper edge, opposite the edge 45, two grooves 9 each intended to receive one of the complementary grooves 8 of two neighboring panels 10a, 10b of the second row of panels 10. The grooves 8, 9 thus make it possible to ensure the assembly of the first row of panels 7 to the first end rail 1 via the first end modules 5 and to the second row of panels 10. The panels 7a, 7b are for example formed from a wooden panel.Advantageously, they have lateral edges cut at an angle so as to be oriented orthogonally to the thickness direction 4 of the wall and in the plane of one of the edges of the first end rail 1.
[0065] The panels 10a, 10b of the second row of panels 10 here have a structure identical to that of the panels 7a, 7b of the first row of panels 7. They are fixed to the panels 7a, 7b of the first row of panels 7 by fitting their complementary grooves 8, 9. In other embodiments not shown, more than two rows of panels can thus be fitted together, depending on the dimensions of the wall to be constructed. The planes of the panels 10a, 10b of the second row of panels 10 form an angle [3 with the planes of the panels 7a, 7b of the first row of panels 7, which is between 70 and 110° and more particularly 90° in the embodiment shown. Similarly, the panels 7a, 7b of the first row of panels 7 form the same angle [3 with the first end modules 5.The embodiment shown in which the angle a is 45° and the angle [3 is 90° is particularly advantageous in that it allows the use of identical panels 7a, 7b, 10a, 10b for the successive rows of panels 7, 10.
[0066] The modular structure also comprises a plurality of second end modules 11, arranged parallel to each other and forming an angle [3 with the second row of panels. Each second end module 11 comprises two grooves 12 intended to receive complementary grooves 9 of the second row of panels 10 as described above. The second end modules 11 are fixed to a second end rail 13, which will be described later in relation to [Fig. 4]. The second end modules 11 thus make it possible to ensure the assembly of the panels 10a, 10b of the second row of panels 10 to the second end rail 13. The second end modules 11 may in particular have a structure and a method of fixing identical to those of the first end modules 5.
[0067] In relation to [Fig. 3], it is observed that the modular structure also comprises, in the junction zone between the first and second rows of panels 7, 10, a plurality of first insulating stiffening spacers 14 which are inserted by force into the spaces defined by two consecutive panels of the first row of panels 7 and two consecutive panels of the second row of panels 10 fitted into the two panels mentioned above of the first row of panels 7. Each of these panels is therefore in abutment against a respective face of one of the first insulating stiffening spacers 14.
[0068] The structure also comprises second insulating stiffening spacers 15 inserted by force into the spaces defined by two consecutive panels of the first row of panels 7 and two first consecutive end modules 5, fitted into the two panels mentioned above. Similarly, third insulating stiffening spacers 16 are inserted by force into the spaces defined by two consecutive panels of the second row of panels 10 and two second end modules 11 nested in the two aforementioned panels.
[0069] The insulating stiffening spacers 14, 15, 16 are, for example, made of a material chosen from rigid wood fibers, hemp concrete, cork blocks, polymer foams, dense rock wools or others. Advantageously and as shown in the present figures, the insulating stiffening spacers 14, 15, 16 have the shape of a prism with a pentagonal base. Thus, the insulating stiffening spacers 14 have a face which is in the plane of one of the lateral edges of the first end rail 1 and four faces respectively parallel to the four panels with which they are in contact.Likewise, the insulating stiffening spacers 15, 16 have a face which is in the plane of one of the lateral edges of the first end rail 1, two faces respectively parallel to the two panels with which they are in contact and two faces respectively parallel to the two end modules 5, 11 with which they are in contact.
[0070] The insulating stiffening spacers 14, 15, 16 thus act as wedges making it possible to immobilize the end panels and / or modules relative to each other, which contributes to the rigidity of the structure.
[0071] The modular structure also comprises insulating blocks 17 which are housed in a compressed state in the defined spaces, on the one hand, between two consecutive panels of a row of panels and, on the other hand, between one of the first and one of the second insulating stiffening spacers 14, 15, or between one of the first and one of the third insulating stiffening spacers 14, 16. The mounting in the compressed state of said insulating blocks 17 makes it possible to avoid the formation of interstices promoting heat transfer by convection.
[0072] The modular structure also comprises a second end rail 13, visible in [Fig. 4], which can be fixed to the second end modules 11 for example by gluing or by means of fixing members, such as nails or screws. The second end modules 11 being fixed to the second row of panels 7, the second end rail 13 is thus assembled to the second row of panels 7.
[0073] The second end rail 13 has a longitudinal direction corresponding to the length of the wall and perpendicular to the thickness direction of the wall (represented by the arrow referenced 4 in [Fig. 1]) and has, for example, a structure which is identical to that of the first end rail 1.
[0074] In the embodiment shown in [Fig. 5], the modular structure also comprises at least one rain screen 18, arranged along the outer side of the wooden frame, the latter comprising the first and second end rails 1, 13, the first and second end modules 5, 11 as well as the rows of panels 7, 10. The modular structure may also comprise a vapor barrier on the inner side of the wooden frame. The rain screen 18 and the vapor barrier are held against the aforementioned wooden frame by pillars 19, extending parallel to a height direction of the wall, orthogonal to the thickness direction. These pillars 19 are fixed to the end rails, for example by means of fixing members 20, such as nails or screws and may also be fixed to the end modules 5, 11 and / or to panels 7, 10. These pillars 19 also contribute to stiffening the entire structure.
[0075] Finally, the modular structure comprises a finishing covering 21, partially shown in [Fig.5], chosen from metal cladding, wood cladding, polymer cladding and any type of facade cladding panel, fixed against the pillars 19.
[0076] In relation to [Fig.6], an alternative embodiment of the first embodiment is described in which several adjacent walls are obtained.
[0077] The junction at the corner between two adjacent walls is provided by specific corner panels 22, 47, 48 having a structure or arrangement different from that of the previously mentioned panels. In the embodiment shown, since the two walls are perpendicular to each other and the angle α is 90°, the first end modules 5 of the two walls can be arranged parallel to each other. Thus, a first corner end module 49 is arranged at an junction between the two walls, parallel to the first end modules 5 of the two walls. At the first rows of panels 7, a corner panel 47 has opposite edges which are each equipped with three grooves while another corner panel 22 has opposite edges equipped with a single groove.Thus, the corner panel 47 is assembled with the first corner end module 49 and with the first neighboring end modules 5 while the corner panel 22 is assembled with the outermost groove of the first corner end module 49. At the second rows of panels, the corner panel 48 has a structure identical to that of the other panels. Thus, the corner panel 48 has two opposite edges which are each equipped with two grooves, one of which is assembled with the groove of the corner panel 22 and the other of which is assembled with one of the grooves of the corner panel 47. For the upper floors, the corner panels 22, 47 are used alternately with the corner panel 48.
[0078] Furthermore, the building here comprises an opening 50. Below the opening 50, two rows of panels 24 and 25 are arranged one on top of the other, the first 24 of course resting on first end modules, and the second is fixed to intermediate modules fixed to an intermediate rail 26. Pillars 27 of the height of two rows of this assembly are fixed on either side of this portion of structure. Above the opening 50, the modular structure comprises an intermediate rail 34 and a row of panels 31 comprising panels which are each assembled to intermediate modules fixed to the intermediate rail 34 and to second end modules fixed to the second end rail 36. The third and fourth rows of panels 29, 30 are therefore interrupted at the level of the opening 50. Obviously [Fig.6] only illustrates one example of embodiment and it is entirely possible to provide less than two or more than two rows of panels below the opening 50 and more than one row of panels above.
[0079] Figures 7, 8 and 9 represent a second embodiment. This second embodiment differs from that described above in relation to Figures 1 to 6, in particular in that it comprises stiffening rails 37 to ensure the rigidity of the modular structure. The stiffening rails 37 may, for example, be made of wood or metal.
[0080] The stiffening rails 37 of the modular structure according to this second embodiment have stiffening spacers 38, visible in [Fig. 8], projecting into spaces which are each defined by one of the panels of the first row of panels 7 and one of the panels of the second row of panels 10. Said stiffening spacers 38 have two ends respectively in contact against one of the panels of the first row of panels 7 and the opposite panel of the second row of panels 10. The stiffening spacers 38 are fixed to the stiffening rails 37 for example by gluing or by means of fixing members, such as nails or screws. The stiffening rails 37 are for their part fixed to the panels by simple interlocking and / or by means of fixing members. The stiffening spacers 38 are for example made of wood, polymer material or composite material.The aforementioned stiffening spacers 38 make it possible to reinforce the rigidity in place of the insulating stiffening spacers by immobilizing the panels relative to each other. Advantageously, such stiffening spacers 38 are also positioned in the junction zone between the first end modules 5 and the first row of panels 7 and in the junction zone between the last row of panels 10 and the second end modules 11. The stiffening rail 37a is fixed, for example by means of fixing members, to panels of the first row of panels 7 and / or to panels of the second row of panels 10. The stiffening rail 37b is fixed, for example by means of fixing members, to the first end rail 1 and / or to the first end modules 5 and / or to the panels of the first row of panels 7. The end edges of the stiffening rail 37b can also . be fixed to the end edges of the first end rail 1. Similarly, the stiffening rail 37c is fixed, for example by means of fixing members, to the second end rail 13 and / or to the second end modules 11 and / or to the panels of the second row of panels 10. The end edges of the stiffening rail 37c can also be fixed to the end edges of the second end rail 13.
[0081] The modular structure according to this second embodiment also differs from the first embodiment in that it does not include insulating spacers or insulating blocks. Also, the modular structure is insulated using a loose insulation 41, such as cellulose wadding, hemp or hemp shiv, wood fiber, recycled textile, sheep wool, cork, polymer beads, cereal husks and their mixtures or other loose insulating materials. This loose insulation is poured through the holes 39 of the second end rail 40 and is distributed by gravity in the empty spaces while being blocked on each side of the wall by a protective film.
[0082] As an alternative to the loose insulation 41, it is also possible to use insulating blocks 17, of the type described above in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4. Note that in this embodiment, the pillars 20 are not necessarily structural and can thus, for example, be limited to providing a fixing support function for the finishing covering.
[0083] Figures 10 and 11 show a third embodiment. This third embodiment differs from those described above in relation to Figures 1 to 6 on the one hand, and with Figures 7 to 9 on the other hand, in particular in that it comprises bracing panels 42. These bracing panels 42 are arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction, on either side of the rows of panels, said bracing panels each being fixed to the first end rail 1, to the second end rail 40 and to the panels of each of the rows of panels, for example using nails or screws 43. Such bracing panels 42 thus make it possible to reinforce the rigidity of the structure in place of the insulating stiffening spacers 14, 15, 16 of the first embodiment and the stiffening spacers 38 of the second embodiment.
[0084] As in the second embodiment, the modular structure does not include the insulating blocks 17, nor the insulating spacers 14, 15 and 16 of [Fig. 3]. Like the modular structure according to the second embodiment, the second end rail is pierced with holes 39 through which a loose insulator 41 is inserted. Similarly, as in the embodiment of Figures 7 to 9, the pillars 20 are not necessarily necessary to ensure the rigidity of the modular structure.
[0085] Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is quite obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.
[0086] In particular, the three embodiments described above can be used in combination in the same construction. It is also possible to combine certain characteristics of these three embodiments in the same wall.
[0087] The use of the verb “comprise”, “comprise” or “include” and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim.
[0088] In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims
1. Claims Modular structure for the construction of a wall, said modular structure having a thickness direction (4) directed transversely to said modular structure and comprising a wooden frame (100) which comprises: - a succession of several rows of panels (7, 10) comprising at least a first row of panels (7) and a second row of panels (10), each row of panels comprising a plurality of panels arranged in planes which are parallel to each other, are intersecting with the thickness direction (4) and with the planes of the panels of each adjacent row of panels, each panel comprising a first edge (45) and a second edge (46), opposite each other, which are each equipped with two grooves (8), at least a first panel (7a) of the first row of panels (7) being assembled to a first and a second neighboring panel (10a, 10b) of the second row of panels (10) and a second of the panels (7b) of the first row of panels (7), neighboring the first panel (7a) of the first row of panels (7), being assembled to the second panel (10b) of the second row of panels (10),the grooves of the second edge (46) of the first panel (7a) of the first row of panels (7) being respectively assembled in one of the grooves (8) of the first edge (45) of one and the other of the first and second panels (10a, 10b) of the second row of panels (10), one of the grooves (8) of the second edge (46) of the second panel (7b) of the first row (7) being assembled in one of the grooves of the first edge (45) of the second panel (10b) of the second row of panels (10);, - first end modules (5) which are arranged in planes which are parallel to each other and are intersecting with the planes of the panels of the first row of panels (7), the first end modules (5) each comprising two grooves (6); the grooves of the first edge (45) of each panel (7a, 7b) of the first row of panels (7) being respectively fitted into one of the grooves (6) of two neighboring first end modules (5); - second end modules (11) which are arranged in planes which are parallel to each other and intersecting the planes of the panels (10a, 10b) of a last row of panels; the grooves of the second edge (46) of each panel (10a, 10b) of the last row of panels being respectively fitted into one of the grooves (12) of two neighboring second end modules (11a).
2. Modular structure according to claim 1, in which the planes of the panels (7a, 7b, 10a, 10b) form an angle (a) of between 30 and 60° with the thickness direction (4).
3. Modular structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the planes of the first end modules (5) and the second end modules (11) form an angle (|3) of between 75 and 105° respectively with the planes of the panels (7a, 7b, 10a, 10b) of the first row of panels (7) and of the last row of panels.
4. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising, in a junction zone between the first and second rows of panels (7, 10), a first insulating stiffening spacer (14) which is force-fitted into a space defined by the first panel (7a) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7) and by the first panel (10a) and the second panel (10b) of the second row of panels (10), the first panel (7a) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7) as well as the first panel (10a) and the second panel (10b) of the second row of panels (10) each bearing against a respective face of the first insulating stiffening spacer (14).
5. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising, in a junction zone between the first end modules (5) and the first row of panels (7), a second insulating stiffening spacer (15) which is force-fitted into a space defined by two first end modules (5) and by the first panel (7a) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7), said two first end modules (5) as well as the first panel (7a) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7) each bearing against a respective face of the second insulating stiffening spacer (15).
6. Modular structure according to claims 4 and 5 taken in combination, comprising an insulating block (17) which is housed in a compressed state in a defined space, on the one hand, between the first panel (7a) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7) and, on the other hand, between the first and second insulating stiffening spacers (14, 15).
7. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising, in a junction zone between the second end modules (11) and the last row of panels, a third insulating stiffening spacer (16) which is force-fitted into a space defined by two second end modules (11) and by two panels of the last row of panels, said two second end modules (11) and two panels of the last row of panels each bearing against a respective face of the third insulating stiffening spacer (16).
8. Modular structure according to claim 7, comprising an insulating block (17) which is housed in a compressed state in a defined space, on the one hand, between the two panels of the last row of panels (7) and, on the other hand, between the third stiffening insulating spacer and another stiffening insulating spacer (14, 16).
9. Modular structure according to claim 6 or 8, in which the insulating block (17) is made from a material chosen from plant fibers, mineral wools, low density polymer foams.
10. Modular structure according to any one of claims 4 to 9, in which the first insulating stiffening spacer (14) and / or the second insulating stiffening spacer (15) and / or the third insulating stiffening spacer are made from a material chosen from rigid wood fibers, hemp concrete, cork blocks, polymer foams and dense rock wools.
11. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a first stiffening rail (37a) arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction (4), and running along the rows of panels, in a junction zone between the first row of panels (7) and the second row of panels (10), said first stiffening rail (37a) being fixed to panels of the first row of panels (7) and / or to panels of the second row of panels (10), the first stiffening rail (37a) comprising a stiffening spacer (38) projecting into a space defined by the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7) and by the first panel (10a) of the second row of panels (10), said spacer (38) comprising two ends respectively in contact against the first panel (10a) of the second row of panels (10) and the second panel (7b) of the first row of panels (7).
12. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a second stiffening rail (37b) arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction (4) and running along the rows of panels, in a junction zone between the first end modules (5) and the first row of panels (7), said second stiffening rail (37b) being fixed to panels of the first row of panels (7) and / or to first end modules (5), said second stiffening rail (37b) comprising a stiffening spacer (38) projecting into a space defined by the first panel (7a) of the first row of panels (7) and by one of the first end modules (5); said stiffening spacer (38) comprising two ends respectively in contact against the first panel (7a) of the first row of panels (7) and said first end modules (5).
13. Modular structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first end modules (5) are fixed to a first end rail (1) and the second end modules (11) are fixed to a second end rail (13, 36, 40).
14. Modular structure according to claim 13, comprising a plurality of pillars (20) arranged on either side of the rows of panels and which are fixed to the first end rail (1) and to the second end rail (13, 36, 40).
15. Modular structure according to claim 13 or 14, comprising bracing panels (42) which are arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction (4), on either side of the rows of panels, said bracing panels (42) each being fixed to the first end rail (1), to the second end rail (13, 36, 40) and to the panels of each of the rows of panels.
16. Modular structure according to any one of claims 13 to 15, in which the second end rail (40) is pierced with holes (16) configured to allow filling of the spaces defined between the panels with loose insulation (41).
17. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 16, in which spaces defined between the panels are filled with a loose insulation (41) chosen from cellulose wadding, hemp or shiv, wood fiber, recycled textile, sheep wool, cork, polymer beads, cereal husks and mixtures thereof.
18. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising at least one rain screen and / or one vapor barrier screen (18) arranged on either side of the wooden frame.
19. Modular structure according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising a finishing covering chosen from metal cladding, wood cladding, polymer cladding and facade cladding panels.