Prefabricated building panel

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated construction panel (1), in particular for a building facade, said panel (1) being defined at least by an external face (FE) and an internal face (FI), two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge (BI) and an upper edge (BS), said construction panel (1) comprising at least one panel body (2) made of a bio-sourced concrete comprising a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water, characterized in that said panel comprises on at least part of its internal face (FI) and / or its external face (FE) a protective layer (3) made of a moisture-resistant material. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to the invention. Figure for the abstract: Fig 1

Description

Title of the invention: Prefabricated construction panel Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction. It relates more particularly to a prefabricated construction panel. The invention makes it possible in particular to produce lightweight, thermally resistant construction panels with a low carbon footprint, and usable in all configurations, including in contexts of high humidity. Prior art

[0002] Facade panels, also called vertical walls, which are prefabricated in concrete have existed for many years. These include solid concrete panels, ribbed concrete panels, concrete panels incorporating blocks of insulating material, concrete sandwich panels incorporating a layer of insulating material between two concrete walls connected by spacers, simple pre-walls or insulated pre-walls comprising two concrete walls connected by spacers, with or without a layer of insulating material, forming a formwork to receive concrete poured in place, i.e. on site. Examples of prefabricated facade panels are described in publications CN 103 114 663 B, EP 2 615 218 A1 and CN 108 425 451 B. In all cases, thermal insulation is added on site in the junction areas to limit thermal bridges.

[0003] Traditionally, facade panels can also include a lining added on site to supplement the overall thermal resistance of the facade, and / or improve the aesthetics of the facade with an exterior coating such as plaster or cladding.

[0004] To date and in view of the environmental constraints which weigh on the field of construction in general, prefabricated concrete facade panels pose the following problems: • a significant carbon footprint that does not comply with environmental regulatory developments, • a significant weight on the floors, which induces a high bending moment leading to oversizing of the floors and the entire structure of the building.

[0005] Concrete prefabrication manufacturers are faced with these problems and are seeking to resolve them by developing solutions aimed in particular at: • treat thermal bridges with the building frame, particularly at the level of the posts and the noses of the floor slabs, • efficiently assemble the facade panel to the building frame.

[0006] To meet these objectives, document FR3105277 proposes a manufacturing panel comprising single-block concrete parts within which are embedded wooden elements, called wood concrete, reinforced by reinforced concrete reinforcing elements. However, since wood concrete is not sufficiently resistant to humidity, this panel cannot be used in contexts of high humidity such as a semi-buried panel, or even a room with high humidity. Statement of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a prefabricated construction panel, in particular for a building facade, said panel being defined at least by an external face and an internal face, two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge and an upper edge, said construction panel comprising at least one panel body made from a bio-sourced concrete comprising a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water.

[0008] According to the invention, said panel comprises on at least part of its internal face and / or its external face a protective layer made of a moisture-resistant material.

[0009] Thanks to these provisions, the invention makes it possible to use a prefabricated panel composed largely of bio-sourced materials, usable in building locations highly exposed to humidity or to an atmosphere with high hygrometry.

[0010] Said protective layer can be made of concrete, which is a simple and effective embodiment of the invention, while being inexpensive.

[0011] Said construction panel may be a panel for a building facade, and said protective layer may be arranged on at least an upper part of the internal face of said panel, said upper part being able to be intended to be located at right angles to a terrace of said building, which is a first location which is particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention, in order to allow the waterproofing of the terrace to be implemented.

[0012] Said construction panel may be a panel for a building facade, and said protective layer may be arranged on at least part of the internal face of said panel, said part being able to be intended to be located opposite a room with high humidity of said building, which is a second location which is particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention.

[0013] Said construction panel may be a building facade panel, and said protective layer may be arranged on at least a lower part of the external face of said panel, said lower part being intended to be located at less partially buried, which is a third location particularly relevant for the use of a panel according to the invention.

[0014] Said protective layer may be arranged on at least a part of the internal face of said panel, said part being able to be intended to be at least partly in line with a floor, said protective layer being able to comprise an enlargement in which a reservation is provided configured to accommodate a waiting steel box, which makes it possible to make the panel according to the invention compatible with a construction in which waiting boxes are used.

[0015] Said panel may further comprise at least one shoulder provided on at least one lateral edge and / or an upper edge arranged to pour on site junction zones with other construction panels and / or a floor of the building, said shoulders being able to be formed in said panel body, and being able to be intrinsically thermally resistant, so as to create a thermal break at the level of said junction zones, which makes it possible to produce thermally efficient buildings using the panel according to the invention.

[0016] Said panel may further comprise a ribbed frame positioned in the thickness of said panel body, made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-sourced concrete, and said frame and said panel body may be intimately linked by overmolding so as to form a single-piece, stackable, transportable and self-supporting construction panel, which makes it possible to obtain a panel according to the invention which is thermally and mechanically efficient, while having a reduced carbon footprint.

[0017] The present invention also relates to a construction comprising: - a ribbed frame made from reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-sourced concrete, - a plurality of construction panels according to the invention, fixed to said frame to form at least part of a building facade.

[0018] Thanks to these provisions, the panel according to the invention can be used in the construction of a building meeting the constraints of mechanical resistance and offering good thermal properties while having a reduced carbon footprint.

[0019] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made of concrete and is arranged on at least part of the external face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - casting of the panel body in a molding bench, formwork having been placed in the molding bench beforehand to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer if it is not placed over the entire external face of the said panel, - pressurizing the panel body, - demolding of the panel body, - turning over the panel body and placing the panel body in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body becomes its upper face, - where applicable, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete of the protective layer into said reservation on at least part of the panel body.

[0020] Thanks to these arrangements, the panel can be produced with a protective layer on its external face, and the part of the external face not covered by the protective layer has a smooth surface condition, because it is produced at the bottom of the molding bench.

[0021] Said method may comprise the following steps: - casting a first layer of the panel body in a molding bench, formwork having been placed in the molding bench beforehand to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer if it is not placed over the entire external face of said panel, - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body, - installation of formwork in order to create reservations corresponding to said framework, - casting of the rest of the panel body, - pressurizing the panel body, - removal of said formwork, then installation of the frame reinforcements in said reservations, - pouring the concrete of the protective layer into the reservations, - demolding of the panel body, - turning over the panel body and placing the panel body in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body becomes its upper face, - where applicable, removal of said formwork, then pouring of the concrete of the protective layer on at least part of the panel body.

[0022] Thanks to these provisions, the panel can be produced with a protective layer on its external face, and the part of the external face not covered by the protective layer has a smooth surface condition, because it is produced at the bottom of the molding bench, the panel comprising a framework reinforcing its mechanical resistance.

[0023] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made of concrete and is arranged on at least part of the external face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - separate production of the protective layer, - laying the protective layer in a molding bench, - casting of the panel body, at least partly on the protective layer, - pressurizing the panel body.

[0024] Thanks to these provisions, the panel can be produced with a protective layer on its external face using a simple process, particularly suitable if the protective layer does not cover the entire external face of the panel.

[0025] Said manufacturing method may comprise the following steps: - separate manufacture of the protective layer, the protective layer comprising reinforcements on standby configured to be arranged in line with at least part of the ribbed frame of the panel, - laying the protective layer in a molding bench, the waiting reinforcements extending upwards, - if the protective layer does not cover the entire external face of the panel, pouring a first layer of the panel body, then pressurizing this first layer, - installation of formwork at the level of the ribbed frame, - casting of the panel body, at least partly on the protective layer, - pressurizing the panel body - removal of said formwork, - installation of the ribbed frame reinforcements in the thickness of the panel body, - pouring of the frame.

[0026] Thus a mechanical connection is created between the reinforcements of the frame and that of the protective layer, which reinforces the mechanical solidity of the panel and makes it possible to obtain a single-piece, self-supporting and transportable panel.

[0027] The present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing a construction panel according to the invention, in which said protective layer is made of reinforced concrete and is arranged on at least part of the internal face of said panel, comprising the following steps: - casting of the panel body in a molding bench, - pressurizing the panel body, - positioning of the reinforcement of said protective layer on the panel body, - pouring the concrete of the protective layer onto at least part of the panel body, formwork having been previously placed to delimit a reservation in said panel body if the protective layer is not placed over the entire internal face of said panel.

[0028] Thanks to these arrangements, the protective layer and the body of the panel are intimately linked, making it possible to obtain a single-piece, self-supporting and transportable panel.

[0029] Said manufacturing method may comprise the following steps: - casting a first layer of said panel body, - positioning formwork at the locations of said frame on said first layer of said panel body, - pouring the rest of the panel body, - pressurizing the panel body, - removing said formwork, - positioning of the reinforcement of said frame and of the reinforcement of said protective layer - casting of said frame and said protective layer, which makes it possible to obtain a mechanically and thermally efficient panel. Brief description of the drawings

[0030] The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0031] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] is a vertical sectional view of a panel according to a first mode of carrying out the invention, used on the terrace of a building,

[0032] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a vertical sectional view of a panel according to a second embodiment of the invention, used in a room with high humidity in a building,

[0033] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a vertical sectional view of a panel according to a third embodiment of the invention, used in the area of ​​an at least partially buried room of a building. Description of the embodiments

[0034] In the illustrated embodiments, identical elements or parts bear the same reference numbers. Furthermore, terms which have a relative meaning, such as vertical, horizontal, right, left, front, rear, above, below, etc. must be interpreted under normal conditions of use of the invention, and as shown in the figures. The X, Y and Z axes are defined by an orthonormal reference frame illustrated in [Fig.l]. Furthermore, the geometric positions indicated in the description and the claims, such as “perpendicular”, “parallel”, “symmetrical” are not limited to the strict sense defined in geometry, but extend to geometric positions which are close, that is to say which accept a certain tolerance in the technical field considered, without influence on the result obtained. This tolerance is notably introduced by the adverb “substantially”, without this term must necessarily be repeated before each adjective.

[0035] With reference to Figures 1 to 3, the construction panel 1 according to the invention is prefabricated, which makes it possible to control the manufacturing process from start to finish, to obtain high, controlled and reproducible quality, to ensure compliance with the specifications, to be able to manufacture custom-made and personalized panels to take into account the openings (window, door, French window, balcony) and thus to optimize and simplify implementation on site.

[0036] The construction panel 1 comprises an external face FE oriented towards the outside of the building, an internal face FI oriented towards the inside of the building. Thus, the construction panel 1 is framed at least by two lateral edges, and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge BI and an upper edge BS. It has for example a rectangular parallelepiped shape, in which the longitudinal edges are intended to be laid horizontally and the lateral edges BL vertically. Of course, this shape is not exclusive since other geometric or non-geometric shapes can be defined depending on the architecture of the building. In addition, the construction panel 1 can be solid, or the construction panel 1 can comprise openings, such as at least one window opening and / or one door opening.

[0037] According to the invention, the construction panel 1 comprises a panel body 2 made from a so-called bio-sourced concrete, defining the filling of the construction panel 1. The bio-sourced concrete preferably comprises a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water. The plant fillers may be chosen from the group comprising wood, miscanthus, hemp shiv, or a combination of at least two of these components, this list not being exhaustive. The mineral binder may be chosen from the group comprising cement, Portland cement, blast furnace slag, lime, metakaolin, calcined clays, or a combination of at least two of these components, this list not being exhaustive. It may be a wood concrete. In this case, it comprises wood particles, which may be in a form chosen from the group comprising chips, wafers, granules, or the like.The grain size of the wood particles can be less than 20 mm, and represent a quantity between 160 kg / m3 and 250 kg / m3 in the wood concrete mix. Bio-sourced concrete can also contain biochar.

[0038] In the construction of a building comprising panels 1, the bio-sourced concrete is preferably associated with a reinforced concrete frame. This combination makes it possible to benefit from both the mechanical resistance of the reinforced concrete and the thermal resistance of the bio-sourced concrete.

[0039] The frame may be part of the prefabricated panel 1. In this case the frame and the panel body 2 are closely linked by overmolding so as to form a single-piece, stackable, transportable and self-supporting construction panel.

[0040] Alternatively, the frame may not be part of the prefabricated panel 1. The frame is then initially erected on site, then the panels 1 are fixed to the frame to form a building facade.

[0041] The reinforced concrete forming the frame can be chosen from ordinary concrete, low carbon dioxide footprint concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, concrete containing a certain amount of biochar, or a combination of at least two of these materials. It is reinforced by steel reinforcements embedded in the concrete, the functions of which are to reinforce this construction material and to give the building facade mechanical properties of resistance to bending, compression and traction. The reinforcements can be chosen from bars, cages, lattices or the like, made of steel reinforcements, high-adhesion reinforcements, fiber-filled composite reinforcements, or any other type of equivalent and compatible reinforcements.

[0042] Reinforced concrete in fact has a mechanical resistance to compression of between 25 Mpa and 60 Mpa with conventional reinforcements on the market, a mechanical resistance to traction of between 1.5 Mpa and 4.5 Mpa, a density of around 2500 kg / m3, and a thermal conductivity of around 2 W / mK

[0043] Biosourced concrete and more particularly targeted wood concrete is interesting because of its physical properties which are complementary to those of reinforced concrete. It has a compressive strength of between 2 Mpa and 7 Mpa, a tensile strength of between 0.5 Mpa and 4 Mpa, a density after compression of between 400 kg / m3 and 1500 kg / m3, and a thermal conductivity of between 0.08 W / mK and 0.20 W / mK. During its implementation, the wood concrete is put under mechanical pressure after pouring in a molding bench, at a pressure level which can be between 80 and 150 kN / m2. The choice of a totally or partially biosourced material makes it possible to meet environmental objectives, to create carbon sinks, and thus to reduce the carbon footprint of the entire construction panel 1, as well as its weight by up to approximately 50%. of a classic all-concrete panel.

[0044] All values ​​characterizing the physical properties of the materials listed above come from tests carried out in the laboratory in accordance with the standards in force.

[0045] According to the invention, the panel 1 comprises a protective layer 3, arranged on its internal face FI and / or on its external face FE. The protective layer 3 is made of a moisture-resistant material. Thus, it is possible to protect a part of the panel 1 located in a highly humid area, the biosourced concrete of the body of the panel 2 having insufficient moisture resistance for certain contexts.

[0046] The protective layer 3 may be made of concrete, for example reinforced concrete. The concrete of the protective layer 3 may be chosen from ordinary concrete, low carbon dioxide footprint concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete, concrete comprising a certain quantity of biochar, or a combination of at least two of these materials. The protective layer 3 may also be made of any material suitable for the invention, such as a metallic material, or a plastic material such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride).

[0047] The protective layer 3, when it is made of concrete, can have a thickness of between 5 and 10 cm.

[0048] The protective layer 3, forming a moisture barrier, may have a sealing function, i.e. to prevent water infiltration into the body of the panel 2, and a moisture resistance function, i.e. to prevent degradation of the body of the panel 2 which may occur when it is in contact with an atmosphere with high humidity.

[0049] The protective layer 3, in addition to forming a moisture barrier, can also, depending on the material from which it is made, provide protection against impacts.

[0050] [Fig. 1] illustrates a first embodiment of the panel 1, in which it is part of a building facade so that at least its upper part is located in line with a terrace 4. In the example shown, the panel 1 is topped by a coping 5. The coping 5 is an optional feature, but it is preferable that, when the panel 1 is intended to be placed at the top of a facade and its upper edge BS is free, the latter is topped with protection against humidity. The protective layer 3 is located on the inner face FI of the panel 1, in the part of the panel 1 located at least above the underside of the floor P of the terrace. In this way, the protective layer 3 is located at the level of the waterproofing upstand of the terrace 4, and makes it possible to protect this part of the panel 1 particularly exposed to humidity.

[0051] When the protective layer 3 is located on the internal face FI of the panel 1, the protective layer 3 may be located at the right of a floor slab P. In this case, the protective layer 3 may include a widening 6, in which a reservation is made in order to accommodate a waiting box comprising steel reinforcements. This is the case in the example illustrated in [Fig.l], but this scenario may also arise for panels 1 which are not located at the level of a terrace 4.

[0052] [Fig. 2] illustrates a second embodiment of the panel 1, in which it forms part of a building facade so that at least part of its internal face FI is located opposite a room with high humidity 7. The protective layer 3 is then located on this part of its internal face, so that the atmosphere of room 7, in contact with panel 1, does not result in degradation of panel 1.

[0053] [Fig. 3] illustrates a third embodiment of the panel 1, in which it forms part of a building facade so that at least part of its external face FE is buried. The protective layer 3 is then located on this part of its external face, so that the humidity of the earth 9, in contact with the panel 1, does not result in degradation of the panel 1.

[0054] The panel 1 may comprise at least one shoulder 8, on one or two of its lateral edges, and / or on one or two of its longitudinal edges. A shoulder 8 is in particular provided on its upper edge BS as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. This shoulder 8 may be provided in order to pour junction zones with other construction panels and / or with a floor P. The shoulder 8 is formed in the body of the panel 2, which is made of bio-sourced concrete, which makes it possible to intrinsically create a thermal break at these junction zones.

[0055] The construction panel 1 is preferably manufactured on a molding bench in a prefabrication factory, or in a mobile prefabrication installation on the construction site or near the construction site.

[0056] The panel 1 being preferably manufactured from the outside towards the inside, that is to say so that the external face FE of the panel 1 is located at the bottom of the molding bench, the manufacturing method of the panel 1 differs depending on whether the protective skin 3 is located at the internal face FI or the external face FE of the panel 1.

[0057] In a first alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is arranged on at least a part of the external face FE of the panel 1 according to [Fig.3].

[0058] The manufacturing process of the panel 1 can then comprise the following steps: - casting the panel body 2 in a molding bench. If the protective layer 3 is not intended to cover the entire external face FE of the panel 1, a formwork is placed beforehand in the molding bench to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer 3, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - demolding of the panel body 2, - turning over the panel body 2 and placing the panel body 2 in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body 2 which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body 2 becomes its upper face, - if formwork is used in the first step, removal of the formwork, then creation of the protective layer 3 in said reservation on a part of the panel body 2. Otherwise, creation of the protective layer 3 on the entire panel body 2. The protective layer 3 can be created by pouring concrete, reinforced or not, or by installation of a prefabricated element.

[0059] This method is also applicable to a panel comprising a ribbed frame, and then comprises the following steps: - casting a first layer of the panel body 2 in a molding bench. If the protective layer 3 is not intended to cover the entire external face FE of the panel 1, a formwork is placed beforehand in the molding bench to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer 3, - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body 2, - installation of formwork in order to create reservations corresponding to said framework, - casting of the rest of the panel body 2, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - removal of the formwork, then installation of the frame reinforcements in the recesses, - pouring of the concrete of the protective layer 3 in the reservations, - demolding of the panel body 2, - turning over the panel body 2 and placing the panel body 2 in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body 2 which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body 2 becomes its upper face, - if formwork is used in the first step, removal of the formwork, then creation of the protective layer 3 in said reservation on a part of the panel body 2. Otherwise, creation of the protective layer 3 on the entire panel body 2. The protective layer 3 can be created by pouring concrete, reinforced or not, or by installing a prefabricated element.

[0060] Alternatively, the method of manufacturing the panel 1 in which the protective layer 3 is arranged on at least part of the external face FE of the panel 1 may comprise the following steps: - separate production of the protective layer 3, - laying of protective layer 3 in a molding bench. Protective layer 3 can cover the entire bottom, or only part, of the molding bench. - casting the panel body 2, at least partly onto the protective layer 3, - pressurizing the panel body 2.

[0061] This method is particularly interesting if the protective layer 3 does not cover the entire external face FE of the panel, because it allows the panel body 2 to be cast in one go, without turning over, and makes it possible to obtain a smooth protective layer 3 which can thus remain visible or receive a thin coating if it is not buried in whole or in part.

[0062] This method is also applicable to a panel comprising a ribbed frame, and then comprises the following steps: - separate manufacture of the protective layer 3, the protective layer 3 comprising reinforcements on standby configured to be arranged in line with at least part of the ribbed frame of the panel 1, - laying of the protective layer 3 in a molding bench, the waiting reinforcements extending upwards, - if the protective layer 3 does not cover the entire external face FE of the panel, casting a first layer of the panel body 2, the thickness of this first layer preferably corresponding to the thickness of the protective layer 3, then pressurizing this first layer, - installation of formwork at the desired locations of the ribbed frame, - casting of the panel body 2, at least partly on the protective layer 3, - pressurizing the panel body 2 - removal of said formwork, - installation of the reinforcements of the ribbed frame in the recesses formed by the formwork, in the thickness of the body of panel 2, - pouring of the frame in the recesses.

[0063] In a second alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is arranged on at least a part of the internal face FI of the panel 1 according to figures 1 and 2. The method of manufacturing the panel 1 can then comprise the following steps: - casting of the panel body 2 in a molding bench, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - in the case where the protective layer 3 is made of reinforced concrete, positioning of the reinforcement of the protective layer 3 on the body of panel 2, - laying the protective layer 3 on the panel body 2. If the protective layer 3 is made of concrete, this step consists of pouring the concrete of the protective layer 3 onto at least part of the panel body 2, preferably before the panel body 2 is dry. Formwork may have been previously placed on the panel body 2 to form a reservation if the protective layer 3 is not provided on the entire internal face FI of the panel 1 but limited to the reservation.

[0064] If panel 1 comprises a reinforced concrete frame, the preceding method also comprises the following steps: - casting of a first layer of the panel body 2, - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body 2, - positioning of formwork at the locations of said frame on the first layer of the panel body 2, - preferably before said first layer of the panel body 2 is dry, pouring the remainder of the panel body 2, - pressurizing the panel body 2, - removal of formwork, - positioning of the frame reinforcement and, if the protective layer 3 is made of reinforced concrete, of the reinforcement of the protective layer 3, - preferably before the panel body 2 is dry, pouring of the frame and the protective layer 3. This step can be carried out in a single pour if the same concrete is used for the frame and the protective layer 3.

[0065] In a third alternative of the invention, the protective layer 3 is made of concrete and arranged on at least a part of the internal face FI of the panel 1 according to figures 1 and 2, or on at least a part of the external face FE of the panel 1 according to [Fig.3]. The method of manufacturing the panel 1 can then comprise the following steps: - casting the protective layer 3 on a first molding bench, a formwork having been previously placed if the protective layer is not placed over the entire external face of said panel, - casting and pressurizing the panel body 2 on at least one second molding bench, the panel body 2 being able to be produced in a single block or in a plurality of blocks, - preferably before the protective layer 3 is dry, depositing at least one block constituting the panel body 2, in a single block or in a plurality of blocks, on the protective layer 3, and if the panel 1 comprises a reinforced concrete frame, depositing the reinforcement of this frame in reservations provided for this purpose between at least some of the blocks of the plurality of blocks, - if panel 1 has a reinforced concrete frame, and preferably before the body of panel 2 is dry, pouring of the concrete for the frame.

[0066] In this latter method, pressurizing the body of the panel 2 outside the molding bench allows it to be placed on the protective layer 3 before it is completely dry. Indeed, it is very difficult to pressurize the body of the panel 2 if it is resting on a protective layer 3 which is not completely dry, while maintaining a relatively constant thickness of the protective layer 3.

[0067] In the above manufacturing processes, the different elements of the panel, i.e. the protective layer 3, the body of the panel 2 and possibly the frame, and in certain cases the different layers of the body of the panel 2, can be cast one after the other before the complete drying of the previous element, to obtain a strong adhesion between them. Depending on the materials concerned, it is possible to wait a certain time to obtain a more or less significant partial drying. The partial drying must be sufficient to constitute a support for the following element, but not too significant to allow strong adhesion between the elements. These manufacturing processes allow a strong adhesion between the different elements, thus creating an intimate connection between them, so as to obtain a single-piece, self-supporting construction panel, easily stackable, transportable and easy to handle.

[0068] The construction panel 1 can integrate, depending on the specifications, reservations for the openings and reservations for the passages of the technical ducts (plumbing, electricity, etc.).

[0069] The present invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art within the limits of the appended claims. Furthermore, the technical characteristics of the different embodiments and variants mentioned above may be, in whole or in some cases, combined with each other.

Claims

Claims

1. Prefabricated construction panel (1), in particular for a building facade, said panel (1) being defined at least by an external face (FE) and an internal face (FI), two lateral edges and two longitudinal edges, including a lower edge (BI) and an upper edge (BS), said construction panel (1) comprising at least one panel body (2) made from a bio-sourced concrete comprising a mixture of plant fillers, mineral binder and water, characterized in that said panel comprises on at least part of its internal face (FI) and / or its external face (FE) a protective layer (3) made from a moisture-resistant material.

2. A building panel (1) according to claim 1, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete.

3. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, in which said protective layer (3) is arranged on at least an upper part of the internal face (FI) of said panel (1), said upper part being intended to be located at right angles to a terrace (4) of said building.

4. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, in which said protective layer (3) is arranged on at least a part of the internal face (FI) of said panel (1), said part being intended to be located opposite a room with high humidity (7) of said building.

5. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, for building facade, in which said protective layer (3) is arranged on at least a lower part of the external face (FE) of said panel, said lower part being intended to be at least partially buried.

6. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, for building facade, in which said protective layer (3) is arranged on at least part of the internal face (FI) of said panel (1), said lower part being intended to be at least partly in line with a floor (P), said protective layer (3) comprising an enlargement (6) in which a reservation is provided configured to accommodate a box of steels on standby.

7. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one shoulder (8) provided on at least one side edge and / or a longitudinal edge arranged to allow junction zones with other construction panels and / or a floor (P) of the building to be poured on site, said at least one shoulder (6) being formed in said panel body (2), and being intrinsically thermally resistant, so as to create a thermal break at the level of said junction zones.

8. Construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a ribbed frame positioned in the thickness of said panel body (2), made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-sourced concrete, and in that said frame and said panel body (2) are intimately linked by overmolding so as to form a single-piece, stackable, transportable and self-supporting construction panel (1).

9. Construction comprising: - a ribbed frame made of reinforced concrete, denser and more mechanically resistant, but less thermally resistant than said bio-sourced concrete, - a plurality of construction panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, fixed to said frame to form at least part of a building facade.

10. A method of manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete and is arranged on at least a portion of the external face (FE) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - casting the panel body (2) in a molding bench, a formwork having been previously arranged in the molding bench to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer (3) if it is not arranged on the entire external face (FE) of said panel (1), - pressurizing the panel body (2), - demolding the panel body (2), - turning the panel body (2) over and placing the panel body (2) in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body (2) which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body (2) becomes its upper face, - where appropriate, removing said formwork,then pouring the concrete of the protective layer (3) onto at least part of the panel body, (2).

11. Manufacturing method according to claim 10 of a construction panel (1) according to claim 8, comprising the following steps: - casting a first layer of the panel body (2) in a molding bench, a formwork having been placed in the molding bench beforehand to delimit a reservation corresponding to the protective layer (3) if it is not placed on the entire external face (FE) of said panel (1), - pressurizing the first layer of the panel body (2), - laying formwork in order to make reservations corresponding to said framework, - casting the remainder of the panel body (2), - pressurizing the panel body (2), - removing said formwork, then placing the reinforcements of the framework in said reservations, - casting the concrete of the protective layer (3) in the reservations, - demolding the panel body (2),- turning over the panel body (2) and placing the panel body (2) in said molding bench or in another molding bench, so that the face of the panel body (2) which was its lower face during the step of casting the panel body (2) becomes its upper face, - where appropriate, removing said formwork, then casting the concrete of the protective layer (3) on at least part of the panel body (2).,

12. Method for manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of concrete and is arranged on at least part of the external face (FE) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - separate manufacture of the protective layer (3), - laying of the protective layer (3) in a molding bench, - casting of the panel body (2), at least partly on the protective layer (3), - pressurizing the panel body (2).

13. A method of manufacturing according to claim 12 a construction panel (1) according to claim 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of reinforced concrete, comprising the steps following: - separate manufacture of the protective layer (3), the protective layer (3) comprising waiting reinforcements configured to be arranged in line with at least part of the ribbed frame of the panel (1), - laying the protective layer (3) in a molding bench, the waiting reinforcements extending upwards, - if the protective layer (3) does not cover the entire external face (FE) of the panel, casting a first layer of the panel body (2), then pressurizing this first layer, - installing formwork at the desired locations of the ribbed frame, - casting the panel body (2), at least partly on the protective layer (3), - pressurizing the panel body (2) - removing said formwork, - installing the reinforcements of the ribbed frame in the recesses formed by the formwork, in the thickness of the panel body (2), - casting the frame in said recesses.

14. A method of manufacturing a construction panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said protective layer (3) is made of reinforced concrete and is arranged on at least a portion of the internal face (FI) of said panel (1), comprising the following steps: - casting the panel body (2) in a casting bench, - pressurizing the panel body (2), - positioning the reinforcement of said protective layer (3) on the panel body (2), - casting the concrete of the protective layer (3) on at least a portion of the panel body (2), a formwork having been previously arranged to delimit a reservation in said panel body (2) if the protective layer (3) is not arranged on the entire internal face (FI) of said panel (1).

15. A method of manufacturing according to claim 14 a building panel (1) according to claim 8, comprising the following steps: - casting a first layer of said panel body (2), - pressurizing said first layer of said panel body (2), - positioning of formwork at the locations of said framework on said first layer of said panel body (2), - casting the rest of the panel body (2) outside of said reservations, - pressurizing the panel body (2), - removal of said formwork, - positioning the reinforcement of said framework in said reservations and the reinforcement of said protective layer (3), - casting of said framework and said protective layer (3).

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