Non-destructive method of raising a building

Abstract

A method for non-destructively raising a building (1) comprising a supporting structure (10) on which a non-structural roof (11) is placed and comprising steps consisting of placing at least two support devices (2) on the supporting structure (10) so as to span the roof (11); then fixing at least one facade wall (3) to the support devices (2), in line with the supporting structure (10) so as to vertically extend the supporting structure; then placing a horizontal floor on said support devices (2), so as to insulate the roof (11); and mounting the raising (5) of said building (1) on said floor. Abstract figure: Figure 4

Description

Title of the invention: Method for non-destructively raising a building Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction. In particular, the invention relates to the field of non-destructive raising of a building and in particular a method of raising a building having a load-bearing belt on which a non-structural roof is placed. The invention is particularly applicable in cities where the price of land is high, for example, a Haussmannian building in the city of Paris.

[0002] A Haussmannian building typically comprises a load-bearing belt comprising several floors, served by a stairwell, which are generally divided into apartments. The Haussmannian building has a sloping roof under which attics are fitted out, which have generally been converted into residential apartments.

[0003] Currently, the raising of a Haussmannian building has many disadvantages. Firstly, in order to add additional floors, it is necessary to acquire the residential apartments in the attic and, generally, to destroy them in order to vertically extend the load-bearing belt. This method of raising causes many inconveniences for the inhabitants of the destroyed apartments who must then be rehoused. Secondly, the destruction of the attic and the existing roof causes a lot of noise and dust and requires the installation of an umbrella scaffold during the work, to the great inconvenience of the inhabitants of the lower floors, who must also endure frequent passage of workers in the stairwell, which causes nuisance and damage.Thirdly, the destruction of existing roof structures, attics and roofs, as well as any mansards, may harm the heritage interest of the building and the city and worry architects and institutions responsible for safeguarding heritage. Fourthly, these destructions and / or reconstructions are synonymous with waste of the constituent materials which, rather than being used to continue to contribute to the thermal and acoustic comfort of the building, will become waste to be treated and transported, thus increasing the carbon footprint of the building and the construction site, which is in total contradiction with the environmental issues which are increasingly taken into account when granting building permits by urban planning authorities, which for this reason favor strategies of reuse, reallocation and rehabilitation (optimization of resources, . savings in materials and energy, limitation of waste to be processed and transport to the recycling center, etc.). Fifthly, such a method of raising the height after destruction is long and expensive, which discourages building managers and / or co-ownership associations from engaging in such projects.

[0004] The invention thus aims to eliminate at least some of these drawbacks. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention relates to a method for non-destructively raising a building comprising a supporting structure on which a non-structural roof is placed and comprising the steps of placing at least two support devices on the supporting structure so as to span the roof; fixing at least one facade wall to the support devices, in line with the supporting structure so as to vertically extend the supporting structure; placing a horizontal floor on said support devices, so as to insulate the roof; and mounting the raising of said building on said floor.

[0006] The support devices span the roof and serve as a basis for the assembly of the facade wall, the horizontal floor and the entire extension. Thus, these support devices allow the assembly of the extension without destroying the roof of the building or the existing structure below (attic or other), destruction that would be involved in the construction of the extension directly on the pre-existing supporting structure. On the contrary, the support devices allow the supporting structure of the building to be extended above the roof, so as to allow a non-destructive extension, making it possible to preserve the architectural heritage of the building and the city, to reduce noise and visual nuisances and to reduce the duration of the extension work.

[0007] Advantageously, each support device is sealed on and in line with the supporting structure.

[0008] The sealing of the support devices at the level of the supporting structure allows the extension of said supporting structure above the roof, and up to the desired level of elevation, while making it possible to avoid the destruction of said roof and / or the existing building below (attic or other).

[0009] Advantageously, each support device has an inverted U shape with a first post, a beam and a second post, the first post and the second post facing each other and each being placed on the supporting structure so that each support device spans the roof.

[0010] Advantageously, the support devices are connected to each other at least by an edge beam.

[0011] The edge beam(s) make it possible to connect the support devices together and therefore to stiffen the support base that they form, which serves as support for the rest of the extension, namely at least the facade wall, the horizontal floor and the assembly of the extension on the floor.

[0012] Advantageously, each support device is made of wood or metal.

[0013] Advantageously, the facade wall is transparent.

[0014] Such a transparent facade wall allows any inhabitants housed in the attic under the roof to continue to have visibility to the outside, through their pre-existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the transparent facade wall allows the passage of light on the one hand and allows a view of the outside to be left to the inhabitants on the other hand. A ventilation system can be added between the transparent facade wall and the roof.

[0015] According to an alternative, the facade wall is opaque and at least one opening is provided in said facade wall.

[0016] The opening is made in the facade wall so as to leave the pre-existing windows and / or skylights free in order to allow the inhabitants housed in the attic under the roof to continue to have visibility to the outside, through their pre-existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the opening allows both the passage of light and a view of the outside. A ventilation system can also be added between the opaque facade wall and the roof.

[0017] Advantageously, a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor between said support devices and the floor or between said floor and the elevation of the building.

[0018] According to one aspect, the floor comprises a base comprising a steel tray or wooden joists, on which is placed a panel which may be made of wood and then a floor covering.

[0019] The sound insulation layer can, for example, be interposed between this panel and the floor covering.

[0020] This sound insulation layer makes it possible to prevent the propagation of noise between the future inhabitants of the extension on the one hand, and the inhabitants of the pre-existing apartments in the building on the other hand. Also, the sound insulation layer makes it possible, during the extension work, to prevent or at least limit the propagation of noise due to the work in the extension to the pre-existing apartments in the building.

[0021] Advantageously, a thermal insulation layer is associated with the floor between said support devices and the floor or between said floor and the elevation of the building.

[0022] The thermal insulation layer can, for example, be arranged under the base, either under the steel tray or between the floor joists.

[0023] This layer of thermal insulation helps to minimize the energy consumption of the apartments fitted out in the attic, but also of all the apartments in the building.

[0024] Advantageously, the elevation of the building is mounted on the floor, at the right angle to the facade wall.

[0025] The elevation thus allows the extension of the building to the right of the facade wall.

[0026] Alternatively, the building extension is mounted on the floor, offset from the facade wall, so as to leave a portion of the floor free.

[0027] The portion of floor left free can, for example, form a balcony running along the extension. Said balcony is then delimited by the portion of floor between the facade wall and the extension. A railing can then be added to the floor, in line with the facade wall.

[0028] Advantageously, at least one elevator is mounted along the supporting structure of the building, said elevator being mounted on at least one of the support devices so as to allow materials to be transported to the roof.

[0029] This construction site elevator is mounted along the front wall of the building, for example, from the ground on which the building rests, to the roof. The installation of such an elevator outside the building makes it possible to reduce noise pollution on the one hand due to the presence of workers on the elevation site and the transport of materials, and makes it possible to reduce the size of the elevator inside the building usually used by the inhabitants of said building as well as the passage of workers in the stairwell.

[0030] The invention further relates to a building comprising a building comprising a supporting structure on which a non-structural roof is placed, and an elevation mounted on said building following the non-destructive elevation method as previously described. PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES

[0031] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given by way of example, and referring to the following figures, given by way of non-limiting examples, in which identical references are given to similar objects.

[0032] [Fig. 1] is a schematic perspective representation of a building comprising a supporting structure on which is placed a non-structural roof, arranged between two equally pre-existing buildings;

[0033] [Fig. 2] is a schematic perspective representation of the building of [Fig. 1], on which three support devices have been placed on the pre-supporting structure. existing so as to span the roof;

[0034] [Fig.3] is a view similar to [Fig.2] but from another angle;

[0035] [Fig.4] is a view similar to [Fig.3], to which the wall of facade, fixed between the support devices, in line with the pre-existing supporting structure so as to vertically extend said pre-existing supporting structure;

[0036] [Fig.5] is a view similar to [Fig.4], to which the horizontal floor on the support devices has been added, placed orthogonally to the facade wall; and

[0037] [Fig.6] is a view similar to [Fig.5], to which the elevation has been added, which has been mounted on the horizontal floor.

[0038] It should be noted that the figures set out the invention in detail to implement the invention, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention where appropriate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The invention relates to a method for non-destructively raising a building 1, shown in [Fig.l].

[0040] The building 1 comprises a pre-existing supporting structure 10 on which a roof 11 is placed. The roof 11 is non-structural. In this example, the supporting structure 10 comprises four walls, including a front wall 10A visible in the figures, connected to each other and facing each other two by two. Two of said walls are here adjoining two pre-existing neighboring buildings 6. The supporting structure 10 forms a vertical belt. It goes without saying that it could comprise a different shape and a different number of walls. By "supporting structure", it is meant that the structure is capable of transmitting main mechanical forces to the ground.

[0041] In particular, the roof 11 is sloping and houses attics and / or apartments fitted out in the attics. Preferably, the roof 11 is not load-bearing.

[0042] The building 1 is presented in an orthogonal reference frame (X, Y, Z), in which the X axis extends orthogonally to the front wall 10A of the supporting structure 10, from the back to the front, the Y axis extends horizontally and parallel to the front wall 10A of the supporting structure 10 from left to right, and the Z axis extends vertically, and parallel to the front wall 10A of the supporting structure 10 from bottom to top.

[0043] The method of raising the building 1 comprises a plurality of steps. These different steps are represented and detailed in Figures 2 to 6.

[0044] With reference to figures 2 and 3, the first step consists of placing at least two support devices 2 on the pre-existing supporting structure 10, so as to span the roof 11. In particular, three support devices 2 are placed on the supporting structure 10. Such support devices 2 make it possible to transmit the main mechanical forces while protecting the roof 11 which is not capable of doing so.

[0045] In this example, each support device 2 is secured to the supporting structure 10, preferably sealed on and in line with the supporting structure 10.

[0046] In particular, each support device 2 has an inverted U shape, comprising a first post 21, a beam 22 and a second post 23. The first post 21 and the second post 23 extend along the Z axis, from bottom to top, facing each other and are placed and then each sealed on the supporting structure 10 so that each support device 2 spans the roof 11. The beam 22 extends along Y, between the first post 21 and the second post 23. In other words, the first post 21 extends in line with the supporting structure 10 of the building 1, in particular in line with the front wall 10A, the beam 22 is connected to the first post 21 and extends orthogonally to the first post 21, the second post 23 is connected to the beam 22, and extends orthogonally to the beam 22, opposite the first post 21 and to the right the rear wall of the supporting structure 10 of building 1, opposite the front wall 10A.

[0047] The first post 21, the beam 22 and the second post 23 are each in the form of a hollow or solid longitudinal body. They are welded or fixed to each other. The first post 21 extends over the height of the roof 10, along the Z axis, the beam 22 extends over the depth of the roof 10, along the X axis and the second post 23 extends over the height of the roof 10, along the Z axis. The support devices are distributed over the width of the roof 10, i.e. along the Y axis.

[0048] It should be noted that the dimensions of the first post 21, of the beam 22 and of the second post 23 are a function of the number of support devices 2 distributed on the roof as well as the length (along the X axis) of the beam 22.

[0049] The support devices 2 can be made of wood or metal.

[0050] According to an embodiment not shown, the support devices 2 are connected between them by at least one edge beam, advantageously a plurality of edge beams.

[0051] The edge beams may for example extend between the first beams 21 of the support devices 2, and / or between the second beams 22 of the support devices 2, and / or between the third beams 23 of the support devices 2.

[0052] The edge beams can be made of wood or metal.

[0053] With reference to [Fig. 4], the second step consists of fixing a facade wall 3 to the support devices 2. In particular, the facade wall 3 is fixed in line with the pre-existing supporting structure 10, so as to extend it vertically. Such a facade wall 3 makes it possible to isolate the roof from dust or other elements which might be generated during the raising. According to one aspect, the facade wall 3 is also configured to take up the main forces which pass through the support devices 2. According to one aspect, the facade wall 3 can also fulfill a bracing function, in particular when the facade wall 3 is made of wood. Alternatively, the bracing function can be provided at means of St. Andrew's cross.

[0054] Vertically is understood to extend the facade wall 3 over its height, along the Z axis, above the roof 11, between the two pre-existing buildings 6.

[0055] In particular, the facade wall 3 is fixed to the first post 21 of the support device(s) 2.

[0056] The front wall 3 is placed on the front wall 10A, or the rear wall of the supporting structure.

[0057] In the case where edge beams connect the support devices 2 to each other, the facade wall 3 is also placed against the edge beams.

[0058] According to a first embodiment, the facade wall 3 is transparent. Such a transparent facade wall 3 allows any inhabitants housed in the attic under the roof 11 to continue to have visibility to the outside, through their pre-existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the transparent facade wall 3 allows the passage of light on the one hand and leaves a view to the inhabitants on the other hand.

[0059] The facade wall 3 may for example be made of glazing, in particular double glazing, commonly called a “curtain wall”.

[0060] A ventilation system can also be added between the transparent facade wall and the roof.

[0061] According to a second embodiment, the facade wall 3 is opaque. In this case, and if the pre-existing attic is already pierced with one or more windows and / or skylights, at least one opening is provided in the facade wall 3. This is so as to leave the pre-existing windows and / or skylights free in order to allow any inhabitants housed in the attic under the roof 11 to continue to have visibility to the outside, through their pre-existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the opening allows both the passage of light and a view of the outside.

[0062] The facade wall 3 may for example be made of wood, in particular consisting of cladding on a frame, a rain screen, a wooden panel, uprights for example 124 mm thick arranged for example every 60 cm, insulation between each upright and an interior wooden panel. Advantageously, this facade wall 3 is prefabricated.

[0063] A ventilation system can also be added between the opaque facade wall and the roof.

[0064] According to a variant not shown, the second step consists of fixing a plurality of facade walls 3 to the support devices 2, juxtaposed with each other. Each facade wall 3 is fixed in line with the supporting structure 10, so as to extend it vertically, over its height, along the Z axis, above the roof 11, between the two pre-existing buildings 6. The plurality of juxtaposed facade walls 3 extend over the width of the building 1, along the Y axis.

[0065] This second step is to be repeated as many times as there are free walls of building 1, that is to say walls not shared with another building. Here, it is to be repeated for the rear wall, that is to say the wall opposite the front wall 10A.

[0066] With reference to [Fig.5], the third step consists of laying a horizontal floor 4 on the support devices 2, so as to insulate the roof 11. The floor 4 thus forms a horizontal support base capable of transmitting the main mechanical forces. It advantageously makes it possible to erect additional floors in a traditional manner, similar to a new construction.

[0067] According to one aspect, the facade walls 3 and the floor 4 together form a box which makes it possible to increase the thermal insulation of the roof 11 and any inhabited attic spaces.

[0068] In particular, the floor 4 is placed on the beam 22 of the support devices 2.

[0069] Advantageously, the floor 4 is a so-called “dry” floor, i.e. without a layer of concrete. In particular, the floor 4 comprises a base comprising a steel tray or wooden joists, on which is placed a panel which may be made of wood and then a floor covering.

[0070] According to a first embodiment of the invention, a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor 4, between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4, or between the floor 4 and the elevation of the building 1.

[0071] The sound insulation layer may, for example, be interposed between the panel and the floor covering of the floor 4. This sound insulation layer may, for example, be a panel known under the trade name Fermacell or another similar panel.

[0072] This sound insulation layer helps prevent the propagation of noise between, on the one hand, the future inhabitants of the extension, and on the other hand, the inhabitants of the pre-existing apartments in the building. Also, the sound insulation layer helps, during the extension work, to prevent or at least limit the propagation of noise due to the work towards the pre-existing apartments in the building.

[0073] According to a second embodiment of the invention, a thermal insulation layer is associated with the floor 4, between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4, or between the floor 4 and the elevation of the building 1.

[0074] The thermal insulation layer can be placed under the base, either under the steel tray or between the floor joists. This thermal insulation layer can, for example, be glass wool.

[0075] Advantageously, a false ceiling is arranged under the thermal insulation layer.

[0076] This thermal insulation layer helps to minimize consumption energy of the apartments fitted out in the attic, but also of all the apartments in the building.

[0077] According to a third embodiment of the invention, a sound insulation layer and a thermal insulation layer are associated with the floor 4. The sound and thermal layers may be either one between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4 and the other between the floor 4 and the elevation of the building 1, or both juxtaposed to each other between the support devices 2 and the floor 4 or between the floor 4 and the elevation of the building 1.

[0078] The arrangement of both the sound insulation layer and the thermal insulation layer makes it possible to prevent both the propagation of noise and to prevent, or at least reduce, thermal dissipation.

[0079] It should be noted that the third step can be carried out before or after the second step. Indeed, the installation of the horizontal floor 4 on the support devices 2 can be prior to the fixing of the facade wall 3 to said support devices 2.

[0080] With reference to [Fig.6], the fourth step consists of mounting the elevation 5 of the building 1 on the floor 4.

[0081] In particular, the elevation 5 is mounted on the floor 4, at the right angle of the facade wall 3, so as to vertically extend the building 1.

[0082] According to an embodiment not shown, the elevation 5 of the building 1 can also be mounted on the floor 4 and offset from the facade wall 3, so as to leave a portion of the floor 4 free. The portion of the floor 4 left free can for example form a balcony running along the elevation 5. A railing can then be added to the floor 4, in line with the facade wall 3.

[0083] The steps described above, with the exception of the mounting of the support devices 2, are to be repeated as many times as the number of elevation stages is desired.

[0084] In order to allow the mounting of a temporary and external construction site elevator (not shown in the figures) on the support devices 2 of the supporting structure 10, scaffolding is mounted along the front wall 10A for example, from the ground on which the building 1 rests, to the roof 11.

[0085] Once the elevator is erected, the scaffolding can, if necessary, be dismantled in whole or in part, for example, to be replaced by partial scaffolding resting on a pre-existing balcony of building 1. The elevator allows the transport of the people involved in the raising site and the materials for raising the building to the roof 11.

[0086] Alternatively, the scaffolding and the construction elevator can be mounted along the rear wall, opposite the front wall 10A of the supporting structure 10 of the building 1, from the ground on which the building 1 rests, to the roof 11.

[0087] The installation of such an elevator outside the building 1 makes it possible to reduce the noise pollution on the one hand due to the presence of workers on the extension site and the transport of materials, and makes it possible to reduce the size of the pre-existing interior elevator of building 1 usually used by the residents of said building 1 as well as the passage of workers in the stairwell.

[0088] Such a method of raising the height makes it possible to reduce the nuisances caused by the raising work for the inhabitants of building 1, but also to respect the architectural heritage of the building and the town, since the building does not undergo any destruction, but only the addition of an raising 5.

[0089] In addition, since no destruction of the building is necessary, the duration of the construction site is reduced compared to a construction site known from the state of the art, namely a raising construction site comprising a stage of destruction of the pre-existing top floor and / or the pre-existing roof from the moment when they are non-load-bearing. This removed destruction stage allows the inhabitants of building 1 to be less constrained by the construction site. Furthermore, this results in a definite economic gain and a reduction in noise and visual noise, as well as a reduction in environmental pollution.

[0090] Finally, since the raising method is carried out via the roof 11, no free surface is necessary on the ground. In particular, apart from the temporary scaffolding and / or elevator mounted along the front wall 10A and / or the rear wall, no surface on the ground is used to carry out the steps of raising the building 1. Once the support devices 2 have been mounted and sealed on the supporting structure 10, with the entire raising resting on it, the scaffolding can be dismantled in whole or in part and only the construction elevator for raising the materials can remain in place.

[0091] The invention also relates to a building comprising a building 1 and an elevation 5 mounted on the building 1. In particular, the building 1 comprises the supporting structure 10 on which the non-structural roof 11 is placed, and the elevation 5 is mounted on and below the roof 11 of the building 1, according to the steps of the non-destructive elevation method described previously.

Claims

Claims

1. Method for non-destructively raising a building (1) comprising a supporting structure (10) on which a non-structural roof (11) is placed and comprising steps consisting of: • placing at least two support devices (2) on the supporting structure (10) so as to span the roof (11); • fixing at least one facade wall (3) to the support devices (2), in line with the supporting structure (10) so as to vertically extend the supporting structure (10); • placing a horizontal floor (4) on said support devices (2), so as to insulate the roof (11); and • mounting the raising (5) of said building (1) on said floor (4).

2. A method of raising according to claim 1, in which each support device (2) is sealed on and in line with the supporting structure (10).

3. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 and / or 2, wherein each support device (2) has an inverted U shape with a first post (21), a beam (22) and a second post (23), the first post (21) and the second post (23) being opposite each other and each being placed on the supporting structure (10) so that each support device (2) spans the roof (11).

4. Raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the support devices (2) are connected to each other at least by an edge beam.

5. A raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each support device (2) is made of wood or metal.

6. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the facade wall (3) is transparent.

7. Raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the facade wall (3) is opaque and at least one opening is provided in said facade wall (3).

8. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor (4), • between said support devices (2) and the floor (4) or between said floor (4) and the elevation of the building (1).

9. Raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which a thermal insulation layer is associated with the floor (4), • between said support devices (2) and the floor (4) or between said floor (4) and the raising of the building (1).

10. A method of raising the height of the building according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the raising of the building (1) is mounted on the floor (4), in line with the facade wall (3).

11. A method of raising the height according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the raising of the building (1) is mounted on the floor (4), offset from the facade wall (3), so as to leave a portion of the floor (4) free.

12. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one elevator is mounted along the supporting structure (10) of the building (1), said elevator being mounted on at least one of the support devices (2) so as to allow the transport of materials and people to the roof (11).

13. Building comprising a building (1) comprising a supporting structure (10) on which a non-structural roof (11) is placed, and an elevation (5) mounted on said building (1) following the non-destructive elevation method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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