PULSE GENERATOR AND CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A POWER ELECTRONIC COMPONENT

Abstract

PULSE GENERATOR AND CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A POWER ELECTRONIC COMPONENT One aspect of the invention relates to a pulse generator (5) for generating a current pulse on an output branch (46) upon receipt of a trigger command, comprising: a first half-bridge (431, 432) and a second half-bridge (433, 434), the latter comprising bidirectional switches; an inductor (45) connected between the two half-bridges; and a controller configured to, according to different configurations of the half-bridges, charge the inductor (45) and discharge it in the output branch 46. Figure to be published with the abstract: Figure 5

Description

Title of the invention: PULSE GENERATOR AND CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A POWER ELECTRONIC COMPONENT TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The technical field of the invention is that of pulse generation, for example to control an electronic power component. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Power electronic components are electronic components configured to control the flow of a high-intensity electric current. These include, for example, metal / oxide / semiconductor field-effect transistors, also called MOSFETs, or high electron mobility transistors, also called HEMTs. The current to be controlled flows between the source and the drain of the transistor. Current control is performed by applying a current or voltage to the gate of the transistor.

[0003] With the development of power components, there is a need to be able to control these components through a transmission line. For example, a power component can be placed on a characterization bench remote from the control circuit. The transmission line connecting the control circuit to the component can measure several tens of centimeters, or even a few meters. These electrical characteristics will therefore have an influence on the control generated by the source.

[0004] For this there is therefore a need to provide a means capable of generating an arbitrary pulse towards a load (such as a power component) at high frequency and through a transmission line, whatever the length of the latter (even of zero length).

[0005] The document ["Multilevel Transmission Line Pulse (MTLP) tester" T. Daenen & al., 2004 Electrical Overstress / Electrostatic Discharge Symposium, Grapevine, Texas, USA, 2004, pp. 1-6] describes a device for generating an arbitrary pulse across a transmission line. This device allows two pulses of different amplitudes and durations to be generated which, when superimposed within the transmission line, can allow the switching of a power component.

[0006] The paper [“Snapback Device Studies Using Multilevel TLP and Multi-impedance TLP Testers”, E. Grund, 2005 Electrical Overstress / Electrostatic Discharge Symposium, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2005, pp. 1-9] describes two devices for generating an arbitrary pulse without requiring processing data. In a first example, the transmission line between the voltage source and the component is modified to incorporate an impedance designed to reflect part of the incident wave. The superposition of the incident and reflected waves forms an overshoot at the component, i.e., a pulse followed by a plateau. In a second example, a high-impedance resistor is placed on the transmission line, after the electronic component. This impedance performs the same function, namely taking advantage of the superposition of the incident and reflected waves to form a pulse and the plateau.

[0007] However, these devices require a systematic modification of the transmission line and a preliminary study of the position and value of the impedance before being used to control the reflection of the incident and reflected waves. In addition, to modify the shape of the control signal (amplitude and / or duration) it is necessary to modify the transmission line.

[0008] The document [“Gate Lifetime of P-Gate GaN HEMT in Inductive Power Switching”, B. Wang & al., IEEE 2023 35th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD), June 2023] describes a device for generating a pulse on a gate of a power electronic component, in particular a HEMT. The device forms a gate loop with the HEMT. The gate loop comprises an inductor connected to a voltage generator and a fast transistor short-circuiting the gate of the HEMT. The transistor allows, when it is on, to charge the inductor; and, when it is off, to discharge the inductor on the gate of the HEMT.

[0009] The document [“Dynamic Gate Breakdown of p-Gate GaN HEMTs in Inductive Power Switching”, B. Wang & al., IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 44, No. 2, February 2023] describes a device similar to the aforementioned device.

[0010] The document [“A Current Source Gate Drive Achieving Switching Loss Savings and Gate Energy Recovery at 1-MHz”, W. Eberle & al., IEEE Trans. on Power Electronic, Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2008] discloses a current source for generating an arbitrary pulse to a power component while controlling the maximum amplitude of the current applied to the gate of the component. This current source comprises four unidirectional switches and an inductor, these five elements being connected in H. Control of the switches makes it possible to charge the inductor and deliver the energy stored in the inductor to the capacitive load of the component in the form of a high and constant current. Summary of the invention

[0011] The invention at least partially solves the problems mentioned above, by allowing the generation of an arbitrary current pulse, which can be used to control a power component through a transmission line of up to several meters.

[0012] By transmission line is meant a set of two conductors (for example the core and the sheath of a coaxial cable or two conductive wires twisted together) carrying an electrical signal, from a source (or transmitter or generator) to a load (or receiver). A usual criterion according to which a transmission line has a length of the same order of magnitude, or greater, than the wavelength of the highest frequency of the signal to be transmitted is not a determining criterion in the case of the invention. The transmission line can therefore have an arbitrary length, from a few centimeters to several meters, or even zero length.

[0013] The invention relates to an arbitrary current pulse generator on an output branch upon receipt of a trigger command, comprising: • first, second, third and fourth terminals configured to be connected to, respectively, first, second, third and fourth electrical potentials VI, V2, V3, V4; • first, second, third and fourth switches; • an inductance; • the output branch; and • a controller.

[0014] The first switch is connected between the first terminal and a first node; the second switch is connected between the second terminal and the first node; the third switch is connected between the third terminal and a second node; the fourth switch is connected between the fourth terminal and the second node; and the inductor is connected between the first node and the second node; and the output branch is connected to the second node.

[0015] The pulse generator is notable in that the third and fourth switches are bidirectional switches and in that the controller is also configured to: • charging the inductor by closing the first and fourth switches and opening the second and third switches; and • upon receipt of the trigger command, discharge the inductance in the output branch by opening the fourth switch.

[0016] By unidirectional switch is meant a switch systematically passing to a current having a determined direction of circulation.

[0017] A two-way switch means a switch that can block the flow of current, regardless of its direction of flow.

[0018] By charging the inductance, we mean storing a quantity of energy in the inductance.

[0019] Closing the first and fourth switches allows the inductance to be charged so as to store a certain amount of energy. The inductance is thus charged between the potentials VI and V4. The charge will be considered positive when VI > V4.

[0020] Opening the fourth switch connects the charged inductor between the first terminal and the output branch. The inductor then injects at least part of the stored energy into the output branch in the form of a current. The discharge of the inductor provides a short, high-amplitude current pulse. When the output branch is connected to a transmission line (for example by means of a control circuit), the generator makes it possible to inject the current into the transmission line and thus control a power component connected to it. This injection makes it possible, for example, to switch the component.

[0021] The switches connected to the second node are bidirectional. They therefore block any current leakage from the second node except through the output branch. Thus, a substantial portion of the current produced, or even all of the current produced by the inductor, is injected into the output branch, regardless of the electrical characteristics of the transmission line that may be connected to it. Indeed, the switches may have low leakage currents that we do not consider here.

[0022] Unlike the invention, the generator of the document "A Current Source Gate Drive Achieving Switching Loss Savings and Gate Energy Recovery at 1-MHz", W. Eberle & al., IEEE Trans. on Power Electronic, Vol. 23, No. 2, March 2008] includes unidirectional switches connected to the second node. These switches can cause a current to flow that is much greater than a leakage current and reduce the effectiveness of the control sent to the power component. In addition, the magnitude of the current depends on the load connected to the generator and / or the electrical properties of the transmission line.

[0023] Advantageously, the first and fourth switches are closed upon receipt, by the controller, of a charging command.

[0024] Advantageously, the controller is also configured to, after opening the fourth switch, close the third switch.

[0025] In this way, after the injection of the current, the third terminal is connected to the output branch and the latter is maintained at the third potential V3. It is advisable for the third potential V3 to be equal to the holding potential of the component to be controlled. By holding potential or holding voltage, we mean a potential difference which, applied to the gate of the component, allows the latter to be kept in a state, for example passing or blocked.

[0026] Advantageously, the closing of the third switch is carried out upon receipt of an end command. By end command, we mean a command designating the stopping of the generation of the current pulse.

[0027] According to a development, the second switch comprises a bidirectional switch and a diode, the bidirectional switch and the diode being connected in parallel between the second terminal and the first node. The diode is for example conductive to a current flowing from the second terminal to the first node.

[0028] Thus, when the third switch is closed, the inductor continues to discharge thanks to the circulation of a current flowing in the diode of the second switch. When the voltage across the inductor is zero, then the diode of the second switch prevents a new (positive) charge of the inductor.

[0029] Advantageously, the controller is also configured to: • negatively charge the inductor by closing the second and third switches and opening the first and fourth switches; and • discharge the inductance in the output branch again by opening the third switch, preferably when the trigger signal is received again.

[0030] By negatively charging, we mean charging the inductor with a current direction opposite to the current direction when the first and fourth switches are open. Unlike the previous steps, the current flows from the third terminal to the second terminal. When the third switch opens, the negatively charged inductor is connected between the second terminal and the output branch. The current injected into the output branch is negative compared to the current previously injected. The discharge of the inductor provides a short and negative current pulse. When the output branch is connected to a transmission line, the generator makes it possible to inject the current into the transmission line and thus control a power component connected to it. This injection makes it possible, for example, to switch the component from the on state to the off state (whereas the previous switching made it possible to go from off to on).

[0031] According to a development, the controller is also configured to, after opening the third switch, close the fourth switch.

[0032] In this way, the fourth terminal is connected to the output branch and the latter is maintained at the fourth potential V4. The latter is for example equal to 0 V, i.e. connected to ground. The component can thus be kept in a blocked state (if the third potential V3 allows a passing state to be maintained). When the electrical potentials verify the following inequality: V3 - V2 > IV1 - V4I, they allow a negative charge of the inductance faster than its positive charge. Since V4 is limited by its holding function, V2 can be chosen as large as needed.

[0033] Advantageously, the first switch also comprises a bidirectional switch and a diode, the bidirectional switch and the diode being connected in parallel between the first node and the first terminal, the diode of the first switch and the diode of the second switch being conductive to a current flowing in the same direction between the first terminal and the second terminal.

[0034] Thus, when the fourth switch is closed, the inductance automatically discharges into the diode of the first switch and remains discharged thereafter.

[0035] Advantageously, the third and fourth switches each comprise two transistors, for example metal / oxide / semiconductor (or MOS) or high electron mobility (or HEMT), mounted as common sources.

[0036] Advantageously, the pulse generator comprises an impedance to reduce the amplitude of a bounce coming from the output branch.

[0037] When the output branch is connected to a transmission line, impedance variations or the input impedance of the component can reflect part of the injected current, called "bounce". The impedance to reduce the amplitude of the bounce makes it possible to protect the generator from a bounce, for example from a transmission line. It also makes it possible to adapt the output of the generator so that the bounce is damped and returned to the transmission line with a lesser or even zero amplitude. This results in the reduction or absence of multiple reflections in the transmission line. Thus the command received by the component at the end of the line is clearly defined. The risk of involuntary overvoltage at the component input is avoided.

[0038] Indeed, the reduction is all the more effective when the impedances are inserted close to a fixed potential (for example a ground). Small parasitic bounces can be observed when the impedance they cross is distant from a fixed potential by a distance less than a wavelength characteristic of these small bounces. In practice, a distance of a few centimeters or less is sufficient. Although the bounces do not impact the operation of the devices, they cause noise in the signals and prevent the correct reading of certain characterization information such as the rise time. Reducing the distance between an impedance and a fixed potential as much as possible therefore makes it possible to improve the reduction of bounces.

[0039] Consider an example in which the generator is connected to a controlled impedance transmission line, itself connected to a load. Only the first switch is closed so that the inductance discharges into the output branch. We can define a branch as having, connected in series, a first ground point, a power supply connected between ground and the first terminal, first switch, inductor, output branch, transmission line, power component gate and a second ground point.

[0040] Inserting an impedance into the circuit at the end of the controlled impedance line can therefore, to effectively reduce the amplitude of a bounce on this branch, be done at a distance from a ground point that is less than the length of the current wave that can travel along this branch (of the order of a few centimeters, or even less than a centimeter, to a few meters). In practice, inserting this impedance between the second node and the output branch is sufficient because when the bounce returns to the second node, one of the third or fourth switches is closed and connects the second node to a fixed potential. The distance between the impedance and a fixed potential (for example, ground) is then very short, allowing the bounce to be effectively absorbed.

[0041] Advantageously, the pulse generator comprises a first current limiter connected in series with the inductor when the first, second, third and fourth switches are in a configuration allowing the inductor to be loaded.

[0042] By switch configuration is meant the configuration of each switch relative to its open or closed state.

[0043] The current limiter makes it possible to limit the maximum current flowing through the inductance when the latter is charged.

[0044] For example, the first limiter is connected in series with the fourth switch between the second node and the fourth terminal.

[0045] Advantageously, the pulse generator comprises a second current limiter connected in series with the third switch between the second node and the third terminal.

[0046] Advantageously, the pulse generator comprises a power supply configured to apply the first, second, third and fourth electrical potentials VI, V2, V3, V4 to, respectively, the first, second, third and fourth terminals, with VI > V4 and V3 > V2.

[0047] Advantageously, the power supply is configured to apply electrical potentials such that VI - V4 > IV2 - V3I. This allows rapid positive charging of the inductor to generate a positive current on the output branch (i.e., flowing out of the output branch). Since V3 is limited by its holding function, VI can be chosen as large as necessary.

[0048] The power supply can be configured to apply electrical potentials such as V3 - V2 > IV1 - V4I. This allows rapid negative charging of the inductor to generate a negative current on the output branch (i.e. entering the branch output). Since V4 is also limited by its holding function, V2 can be chosen as large as needed.

[0049] Alternatively, the power supply is configured to apply electrical potentials such that VI - V4 = IV2 - V3I. This allows positive charging of the inductor as fast as negative charging of the inductor.

[0050] Advantageously, the third potential V3 is substantially equal to the high holding potential of the component to be controlled. By substantially equal is meant equal to within 20%, or even 10%. In the same way, the fourth potential V4 may be substantially equal to the low holding potential of the component to be controlled.

[0051] The invention also relates to a circuit for controlling an electronic power component through a transmission line, the control circuit being remarkable in that it comprises: • a pulse generator according to the invention; • a signalman; and • a controller.

[0052] The switch includes: • an output terminal configured to be connected to the transmission line; • a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first input terminal of the switch being configured to be connected to the output branch of the pulse generator, the second input terminal of the switch being configured to be connected to a first voltage source; and • a first bidirectional switch and a second bidirectional switch, the first switch being connected between the first input terminal and the output terminal, the second switch being connected between the second input terminal and the output terminal.

[0053] The controller is configured to: • send a trigger command to the pulse generator; • upon sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the first switch and open the second switch; and • a moment after sending the trigger command to the pulse generator or after closing the first switch, open the first switch and close the second switch.

[0054] The control circuit allows the pulse generator to be controlled in order to prepare a current pulse and send it to a transmission line (and to a component which can be connected to the latter). The circuit is particular in that the current pulse is sent in quasi-superposition with the voltage delivered by the first voltage source. By quasi-superposition, we mean that the current pulse and the voltage delivered by the source do not directly superimpose but alternate continuously.

[0055] The bidirectional switches of the switcher make it possible to form an exclusive connection between the pulse generator and the output terminal and between the first voltage source and the output terminal. Thus, there is never a connection between the pulse generator and the first voltage source. There is therefore no current leakage from the pulse generator to the voltage source (even if the bidirectional switches may have parasitic parallel capacitances which allow a small high-frequency current to pass). In other words, the entire current generated by the pulse generator is injected to the output terminal and therefore to a transmission line which can be connected there. The switching of the component is therefore carried out efficiently.

[0056] Advantageously, the controller is also configured to, prior to sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, send a charging command to the pulse generator. This charging command makes it possible to charge (positive or negative) the inductance of the generator. The charge level of the inductance, between its charging and the triggering of the generation of the pulse, depends on the duration between the sending of the two commands and also the potential difference applied to the inductance (in other words V1 - V4 or V3 - V2). For an equal potential difference, the greater the duration between the sending of the two commands, the greater the quantity of energy stored in the inductance. The current pulse will therefore have a high amplitude. The shorter the duration between the sending of the two commands, the less the quantity of energy stored in the inductance.The current pulse will therefore have a moderate amplitude. It is therefore possible, by adjusting the duration between sending the two commands, to control the amplitude of the current pulse generated.

[0057] Advantageously, the controller is further configured to, at the latest when the first switch is opened, send an end command to the pulse generator. In this way, the output branch of the generator is fixed at a constant potential (in this case V3). In addition, the generation of the pulse is interrupted. The duration of the pulse can therefore be controlled independently of the closing of the switches of the switch. In addition, this makes it possible not to disconnect the load (transmission line and component) from the output branch, which could damage the inductance and / or a component connected to the transmission line.

[0058] This also makes it possible to maintain the potential of the transmission line at the third potential V3 which, when it is non-zero, makes it possible to achieve a continuous and derivable transition when the first voltage source takes over. This reduces parasitic potential variations and the risk of inducing unwanted switching of the component.

[0059] Advantageously, the control circuit comprises a first impedance to reduce the amplitude of a bounce coming from the transmission line on the first input terminal and the second input terminal. The first impedance aims to adapt the line and the control circuit so that the bounce is damped. In this way the current which is sent to the components through the transmission line, which is reflected towards the control circuit, is not returned in turn to the electronic component. The same control signal is therefore not received several times by the component, avoiding parasitic switching. In addition, the first impedance makes it possible to protect the control circuit and in particular the switch, as well as the components which are at the input of the switch, such as the first voltage source or the pulse generator.

[0060] Let us define a first branch comprising, connected in series when the first switch is closed, a first ground point, the pulse generator, the switch, the transmission line, the gate of the power component and a second ground point. Let us also define a second branch comprising, connected in series when the second switch is closed, a third ground point, the first voltage source, the switch, the transmission line, the gate of the power component and the second ground point. The transmission line, the gate of the component and the second ground point are part of the two aforementioned branches. The insertion of an impedance in each of the branches or of an impedance in the common part of the branches can make it possible to reduce the bounces propagating within these branches.

[0061] Advantageously, the first impedance is connected between the first and second switches and the output terminal of the switch. In this way, the first impedance is inserted into the common portion of the circuit likely to give rise to the propagation of a wave. In addition, this first impedance is arranged at a distance from the first and third ground points which is less than a few centimeters. This impedance alone is sufficient to protect the switches of the switch and also the elements connected to the input of the switch.

[0062] Advantageously, the control circuit also comprises a second impedance. The first impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first input terminal, preferably between the output terminal and the first switch, and the second impedance is connected between the output terminal and the second input terminal, preferably between the output terminal and the second switch. In this way, each impedance is part of a separate branch and makes it possible to protect an element at the input of the switch, whether it is the first voltage source or pulse generator. In addition, in this way, the impedance values ​​can be different and allow each branch to be adapted in the best way. Thus, the amplitude reduction of a rebound is improved.

[0063] Advantageously, the first impedance is connected between the output terminal and the first switch. In this way it also protects the first switch. As a reminder, the switches can be semiconductor devices such as MOSFETs or HEMTs. According to the same principle, the second impedance is preferably connected between the output terminal and the second switch.

[0064] Advantageously, the first impedance is connected between the first switch and the first input terminal. In this way the distance from the first impedance to the ground point is reduced, improving the damping of the rebound. Thus the pulse generator is better protected. According to the same principle, the second impedance is preferentially connected between the second switch and the second input terminal.

[0065] It is advantageous to combine the addition of impedances at the different positions mentioned above because this makes it possible to distribute the voltage across each impedance.

[0066] In one embodiment, the controller is configured to vary the amplitude of the voltage delivered by the first voltage source as a function of time, between a first amplitude and a second amplitude different from the first amplitude, the controller being further configured so that the variation between the first amplitude and the second amplitude is carried out when the second switch is open. Thus, the change in amplitude takes place when the first voltage source is disconnected from the output terminal. Thus, this voltage variation is not added to the current pulse injected onto the output terminal. There is therefore no modulation phenomenon of the current pulse resulting from the modulation of the current delivered by the first source.In addition, the first voltage source allows different voltages to be applied which correspond respectively to the holding voltages of a component in its different states, for example blocked or conducting.

[0067] According to a development of this embodiment, the controller is configured to modulate the first amplitude and / or the second amplitude delivered by the first voltage source as a function of time. In this way, the control circuit makes it possible to generate a signal having an arbitrary shape which may comprise first and second modulations separated by a current pulse.

[0068] According to another development of this embodiment, the controller is also configured to close the second switch before the generation of the current pulse.

[0069] Thus the first amplitude of the voltage delivered by the first voltage source can be applied to the output terminal, before sending the current pulse, and the second amplitude can be applied after sending the current pulse.

[0070] Alternatively, the switcher further comprises a: • a third input terminal configured to be connected to a second voltage source; and • a third two-way switch, connected between the third input terminal and the output terminal.

[0071] The controller is also configured to: • before sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the second switch and open the first and third switches; • upon sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, open the second switch and close the first switch; and • a moment after sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the third switch and open the first and second switches.

[0072] This embodiment does not require a first voltage source whose delivered voltage is modulated. It therefore simplifies the manufacture of the circuit. In addition, the first and second sources can be sources delivering a fixed and constant voltage. In this way, the voltage sources make it possible to apply the holding voltages to the component. The transition from a first holding voltage to a second holding voltage takes place when the third switch is closed and the second switch is opened, the two switches being open for a period of time allowing the current pulse from the pulse generator to pass, without reducing or modulating it.

[0073] At least one of the voltage sources may be modulated.

[0074] It is also advantageous for the switch to include input terminals additional switches, with the additional switches preferably being bidirectional. This allows additional voltage sources or generators to be connected.

[0075] In this development, the control circuit may further comprise a pulse generator according to the additional invention and the switch comprises: • a fourth input terminal, configured to be connected to the output branch of the additional pulse generator; and • a fourth two-way switch connected between the fourth input terminal and the output terminal, the controller being configured to: • send a trigger command to the additional pulse generator; • upon sending the trigger command to the additional pulse generator, close the fourth switch and open the second switch and, if applicable, the third switch; and • a moment after sending the trigger command to the additional pulse generator or after closing the fourth switch, open the fourth switch and close the second switch or, if applicable, the third switch.

[0076] The invention and its various applications will be better understood upon reading the following description and examining the accompanying figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0077] The figures are presented for information purposes only and in no way limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the same element appearing in different figures has a single reference.

[0078] [Fig. 1] schematically shows a first embodiment of a control circuit according to the invention as well as a transmission line and a capacitive load.

[0079] [Fig.2] schematically shows a second embodiment of the circuit of control according to the invention.

[0080] [Fig.3] shows a timing diagram that can be implemented by the circuit of command of [Fig.2].

[0081] [Fig.4] schematically shows a third embodiment of the circuit of control according to the invention.

[0082] [Fig.5] schematically shows an embodiment of a generator impulse according to the invention.

[0083] [Fig.6] schematically shows the pulse generator of [Fig.5] in several operating modes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] [Fig. 1] shows a first embodiment of a control circuit 1 according to the invention. The control circuit 1 aims to control (also called “drive”) a power electronic component (represented by dotted lines) and more particularly its grid. The grid of the power component is represented in [Fig.l] by a capacitive load 2. This is a usual example of grid modeling. The equivalent capacitance can typically be between 0.5 nF and several hundred nanofarads.

[0085] The capacitive load 2 is controlled through a transmission line 3. This embodiment is for example applicable to the characterization of power electronic components. Indeed, the components can be placed on a characterization bench (also called a “tester”) remote from the control circuit 1 used to control the components. The control circuit 1 is connected to the components to be characterized by means of the transmission line 3. This step can be carried out automatically, with a robotic arm which connects the transmission line 3 sequentially to each component. The transmission line can therefore have bends or be subject to tensile forces which can vary between the different components.

[0086] The control circuit 1 according to the invention makes it possible to control each component independently of the length of the control line 3 or of the geometric or electrical characteristics thereof, provided that the equivalent impedance of this line 3 is known. The transmission line 3 may be a coaxial cable or a pair of conductors twisted together. It may measure a few centimeters up to several meters. According to an extrapolation of the physical principles involved, the control circuit 1 could offer the same technical effects and the same advantages even if the transmission line 3 were of zero length.

[0087] The impedance of the transmission line 3 can typically be between 10 Q and 100 Q.

[0088] In the embodiment of [Fig.l], the control circuit 1 comprises a switch 6, a pulse generator 4 and a controller (not shown). The control circuit 1 is connected to a first voltage source 51, in this case modulatable, and to the transmission line 3. In the development of the control circuit 1, the first voltage source 51 is part of the circuit 1.

[0089] The pulse generator 4 is responsible for generating current pulses to the component, in order to control the switching thereof. The first voltage source 51 can be responsible for delivering a modulated voltage V51, alternating between a first voltage called “low holding voltage” and a second voltage called “high holding voltage”, respectively before and after switching. These low and high holding voltages make it possible, for example, to maintain the component in a given state (for example low or high, blocked or conducting) by applying the holding voltages to it. The controller is responsible for modulating the holding voltage delivered by the first voltage source 51. The switch 6 and the controller are responsible for connecting the pulse generator 4 or the first voltage source 51 to the transmission line 3 so as to carry out the switching of the component and maintain the latter in a state.

[0090] The switch 6 comprises a first input terminal 611, a second input terminal 612 and an output terminal 62. The output terminal 62 of the switch 6 is connected to the transmission line 3. The first input terminal 611 of the switch 6 is connected to an output 46 of the pulse generator 4. The second input terminal 612 of the switch 6 is connected to the first voltage source 51.

[0091] The controller is for example an electronic circuit, a programmable calculator or a computer. It is for example a Texas Instruments™ LaunchXL-F28379D™ card or programmable electronics (called “FPGA” for “Field-Programmable Gate Array” in English) instrumented on a Red Pitaya™ card.

[0092] It comprises communication and / or control means for communicating at least with the switch 6 and the pulse generator 4. It is for example configured to send a trigger command for generating a current pulse to the pulse generator 4. It can also send, prior to the trigger command, a charging command to the pulse generator 4, so that the latter prepares to send a current pulse to the switch 6. It can also control the switch 6 so that one or the other, or none, of its input terminals 611, 612 is connected to the output terminal 62 (and therefore to the transmission line 3).

[0093] In an alternative implementation (not shown), the generator 4 can be connected to the switch 6 by means of an additional transmission line. This makes it possible to move the generator 4 away from the switch 6 and to facilitate the integration of the control circuit 1. In addition, several generators 4 can be available, so the use of a transmission line between the generators 4 and the switch 6 makes it possible to change the generator 4 connected to the switch 6.

[0094] [Fig.2] schematically presents a second embodiment of a control circuit 1 according to the invention comprising in particular a variant implementation of the switch 6.

[0095] In this embodiment, the switch 6 comprises a first switch 631 and a second switch 632. The first switch 631 is connected in series between the first input terminal 611 and a node 64. The second switch 632 is connected in series between the second input terminal 612 and the node 64. The node 64 is connected to the output terminal 62. The latter is connected to the transmission line 3. The transmission line 3 is connected to the capacitive load 2.

[0096] The first and second switches 631, 632 are special in that they are bidirectional. That is to say, when the switches 631, 632 are blocked, they do not allow any current to pass, regardless of their direction of flow. The bidirectional switches are for example made by means of two transistors MOSFET or HEMT mounted in common drain or, preferably, in common source.

[0097] In this way, if the switches 631, 632 are never closed at the same time, the first and second terminals 631, 632 are never connected to each other. Thus, all of the energy produced by the generator 4 is transferred to the output terminal 62 but not to the voltage source. If the switches are unidirectional, that is to say they only block the current in one direction of circulation, they can transfer part of the energy injected from the generator 4 to the voltage source, which can constitute a source of loss of the circuit 1. The bidirectional switches 631, 632 therefore make it possible to improve the efficiency of the control.

[0098] The first and second switches 631, 632 are controlled by the controller of the circuit 1. For example, the controller is configured to close one of the switches while keeping the other open and vice versa. The controller is preferably configured not to close both switches 631, 632 at the same time, in order to avoid the losses explained above.

[0099] In this embodiment, the first voltage source 51 is configured to deliver a voltage that can have different amplitudes, in particular as a function of time. The delivered voltage can have a first amplitude, for example 0 V, and a second amplitude, for example 6 V. The different voltage amplitudes correspond, for example, to the holding voltages, respectively “low” and “high”, which it is necessary to apply to the gate of the power component to maintain the component in a blocked state or an on state.

[0100] In the embodiment of [Fig.2], the circuit 1 comprises a first impedance 71 connected in series between the node 64 and the output terminal 62 of the switch 6. The impedance has the role of reducing the amplitude of a bounce coming from the transmission line. The bounce corresponds for example to a reflection of the current pulse on the component (i.e. on the capacitive load) because the latter is not necessarily adapted to the transmission line. In this way, the bounce is not sent back again into the line 3.

[0101] The first impedance 71 also makes it possible to protect the elements which are upstream (considering the side of the transmission line 3 as the downstream of the impedance 71). Thus, in this embodiment, the first and second switches 631, 632 as well as the generators and sources at the inputs of the switch 6 are protected by the impedance 71.

[0102] The value of the first impedance depends on its placement in the control circuit and in particular on the impedance of the transmission line 3 which must be connected to the output terminal 62 of the switch 6. It is preferably equal to the impedance of the transmission line 3, for example typically between 10 Q and 100 Q. It is also preferably resistive.

[0103] [Fig. 3] shows a timing diagram of an operating mode of the control circuit 1. This figure shows in particular the synchronization of the different elements orchestrated by the controller during the injection of a current pulse towards the transmission line 3. The timing diagram shows as a function of time the currents i4, i6 coming respectively from the pulse generator 4 and the switch 6, the voltage V51 at the terminals of the first voltage source 51 and the on state (represented by "ON") and off state (represented by "OFF") of the switches 631, 632 of the switch 6. The timing diagram also shows the voltage at the terminals of the capacitive load 2.

[0104] In an initial state, before triggering the generation of the pulse, the first switch 631 is open (or blocked) and the second switch 632 is closed (or passing). The voltage V51 produced by the first voltage source 51 is, for example, zero. It may be the low holding voltage of the component in a blocked state. The voltage V2 across the terminals of the load 2 is also zero.

[0105] This initial state, where the pulse generator 4 is disconnected from the output 62, is conducive to the charging of the generator 4. The controller has, for example, sent a charging command to the pulse generator 4 to start its charging (“charging” zone in [Fig.3]).

[0106] At a given instant, the controller sends a pulse generation trigger command to the pulse generator 4; commands the closing of the first switch 631 (state "ON"); and commands the opening of the second switch 632 (state "OFF"). A high amplitude current pulse p is delivered by the pulse generator 4 for a first duration tG. Since the first switch 631 is on, the pulse i4 is injected into the switch 6 which therefore delivers the current pulse i6 to the transmission line 3. Since the second switch 632 is open and the latter is a bidirectional switch, the entire current i4 delivered by the pulse generator corresponds to the current i6 delivered by the switch 6. There are therefore no losses.

[0107] The first duration tG can be between 10 ps and 100 ps, ​​typically between 1 ns and 40 ns. The amplitude of the current i4 is for example equal to 2 A. It can however be adjusted according to the load 2 to be controlled.

[0108] The first switch 631 remains on for a second duration tF which is, for example, greater than the first duration te. After the generation of the pulse, the pulse generator 4 can apply a constant voltage to its output branch. Advantageously, the durations tF and tG are equal. During the duration tF , the pulse generator 4 generates a low current i4 which corresponds to the holding current on the load 2.

[0109] During the time that the second switch 632 is open, the controller sends a command to the first voltage source so that the latter now delivers a voltage V5i having a second amplitude, greater than the first amplitude. The second amplitude may typically be between 3 V and 100 V, for example typically 3 V or 15 V. This second amplitude corresponds for example to a high holding voltage of the switched power component in an on state.

[0110] At the end of the second duration tF, the controller commands the opening of the first switch 631 and the closing of the second switch 632. The switch 6 can deliver a low amplitude current i6 which corresponds to the holding current of the load 2). This holding current is for example from the first voltage source 51.

[0111] In the case where the voltage V2 reached by the grid 2 at the end of the pulse is not equal to the voltage V51 delivered by the first voltage source 51, a significant transient current i6 can be established so as to complete the charging of the grid 2.

[0112] It is possible that the voltage V51 delivered by the first voltage source 51 is different from the voltage delivered by the pulse generator 4 at the end of the generation of the pulse. It is however advantageous for these voltages to be dimensioned so that the transition is continuous and derivable. In this way, the risk of sending a parasitic command to the power component is reduced.

[0113] In response to this operation, the voltage V2 across the terminals of the load 2 increases sharply, following a steep front, when the current pulse is injected onto the capacitive load 2. The voltage then stabilizes when the pulse ends and a constant voltage is maintained. For comparison, [Fig. 3] also shows, in dotted lines, the voltage V2 of the capacitive load if it were only polarized by the first voltage source 51. Charging is much slower than that obtained using the invention.

[0114] Opening the first switch 631 makes it possible to stop the generation of the pulse, even if it is still taking place. Thus, the second duration tF (at the end of which the first switch 631 is open) makes it possible to impose a maximum duration on the current pulse.

[0115] It is advantageous for the pulse generator 4 to be configured to maintain a constant voltage immediately after the generation of the current pulse. This voltage is preferably equal to the holding voltage which is applied to the component. In this way, the component completes its switching or maintains its state while the first voltage source 51 takes over.

[0116] The first duration tG is measured from the generation of the current pulse. It is for example measured from the sending of the trigger command by the controller of circuit 1.

[0117] The second duration tF is measured from the transmission of the current pulse to the output 62, that is to say from the closing of the first switch 631. However, if the generation of the pulse is slightly delayed with respect to the closing of the switch, the second duration tF is measured from the generation of the pulse. In all cases, this duration is measured from the later of the two events (closing or generation). Indeed, the injection of the current pulse to the output terminal 62 of the switch 6 only starts when the two conditions (first switch closed and generation) are met.

[0118] [Fig. 4] schematically shows a third embodiment of the control circuit 1 according to the invention. Unlike the embodiment of [Fig. 2], the switch 6 also comprises a third input terminal 613 which is connected to a second voltage source 52. The switch 6 also comprises a third switch 633, connected between the third input terminal 613 and the output terminal 62 and more particularly to the node 64 of the switch 6.

[0119] In this example, the first and second voltage sources 51, 52 are configured to deliver a stable voltage. The first voltage source 51 is for example configured to deliver a voltage equal to the low holding voltage of the component in its off state. The second source 52 is for example configured to deliver a voltage equal to the high holding voltage of the component in its on state. Thus, instead of using a modulated voltage source (as shown in [Fig.3]), the circuit 1 can implement fixed voltage sources.

[0120] In order to take advantage of the two sources 51, 52, the controller is also configured to control the third switch 633. For example, after sending the trigger command to the pulse generator 4, the controller can command the closing (by closing, we also mean maintaining the closure) of the third switch 633 while keeping the first and second switches 631, 632 open. In this way, the voltage V52 delivered by the second source 52 is applied to the output terminal 62 of the switch 6 and, for example, in the transmission line 3. In order not to short-circuit the current delivered by the pulse generator 4, the controller can be configured to open the third switch 633. 633 as soon as the trigger command is sent to pulse generator 4 and then keep it open.

[0121] Advantageously, the first and second voltage sources 51, 52 are part of the control circuit 1.

[0122] In the embodiment of [Fig.4], the circuit 1 comprises first, second and third impedances 71, 72, 73 making it possible to reduce a bounce coming from the output terminal 62 (and for example from the transmission line 3). Each impedance 71, 72, 73 is placed between one of the switches 631, 632, 633 of the switch 6 and the associated input terminal 611, 612, 613. In this way, the three impedances 71, 72, 73 are arranged on the three branches within which current waves can propagate. The proximity of the impedances to the pulse generators 4 and the voltage sources 51, 52 thus makes it possible to guarantee a reduced distance from the ground points of the generators or sources. The impedances 71, 72, 73 preferably have an impedance equal to the impedance of the transmission line 3. For example, they have an impedance of between 10 Q and 100 Q. They are also preferably resistive.

[0123] In a development not shown, the control circuit 1 may comprise a plurality of generators 4 connected to the switch 6. In this case, the switch 6 may comprise at least a fourth input and a fourth switch (assuming that the two voltage sources 51, 52 are retained). The fourth switch makes it possible to connect the fourth input to the output terminal 62. The fourth input is connected to the additional generator. The controller may be configured to operate only one of the two generators 4 at a time. For example, it makes it possible to choose one of the generators 4 to be implemented and then carries out the switching of the load 2 by considering this single generator.

[0124] The same can be true for the voltage sources. The circuit 1 can comprise several different voltage sources (for example fixed or adjustable). These voltage sources are then all connected to the switch 6. The switch 6 advantageously comprises a number of inputs and corresponding switches making it possible to connect these voltage sources to the output terminal 62. The controller can then be configured to make it possible to choose the voltage source(s) to be implemented and to carry out the switching of the load with this or these voltage sources.

[0125] The circuit 1, for example shown in its different embodiments of [Fig.l], [Fig.2] and [Fig.4], can be produced using discrete components and / or using an integrated circuit, such as a specialized integrated circuit (also called “application-specific integrated circuit” or “ASIC” for “application-specific integrated circuit”). The use of an integrated circuit makes it possible to reduce the volume and weight of the circuit 1.

[0126] [Fig.5] schematically shows an embodiment of a pulse generator 4 such as can be implemented in the circuit 1. The generator 4 comprises four switches 431, 432, 433, 434 and an inductance 45.

[0127] The inductor 45 is connected between two half-bridges formed by the switches 431, 432, 433, 434. A first half-bridge is formed by the first switch 431 and the second switch 432 connected in series. This half-bridge is intended to be polarized between a first terminal 411 and a second terminal 412. A second half-bridge is formed by the third switch 433 and the fourth switch 434 also connected in series. This half-bridge is intended to be polarized between a third terminal 413 and a fourth terminal 414.

[0128] The inductor 45 is connected between the switches 431, 432 of the first half-bridge, at a first node 421, and the switches 433, 434 of the second half-bridge, at a second node 422.

[0129] Inductance 45 may have a value of 150 nH, but its size and impedance may vary greatly depending on the intended applications.

[0130] The generator 4 also comprises an output branch 46, connected to the second node 422 of the second half-bridge.

[0131] The generator 4 is remarkable in that the switches 431, 432 of the first half-bridge are unidirectional and the switches 433, 434 of the second half-bridge are bidirectional.

[0132] In particular, the switches 431, 432 of the first half-bridge each comprise a bidirectional switch 4311, 4321 and a diode 4312, 4322, called a “body diode”. Each of the bidirectional switches 4311, 4321 is connected in parallel with a body diode 4312, 4322. The body diodes 4312, 4322 are oriented so that they are conductive to a current flowing in the same direction in the first half-bridge. In this case, in [Fig. 5], they are conductive to a current flowing from the second terminal 412 to the first terminal 411.

[0133] The generator 4 also comprises a controller, not shown in [Fig. 5]. It may also be an electronic circuit or a programmable computer as indicated previously, including in particular communication means. The controller of the generator 4 is configured to receive commands from the controller of the control circuit 1. In one embodiment, the controller of the control circuit 1 is also the controller of the generator 4.

[0134] The controller of the generator 4 is further configured to control the switches 431, 432, 433, 434 to charge the inductor 45 and generate a current pulse by discharging the inductor on the output branch 46. The The controller can also be configured to maintain a constant potential on the output branch and / or stop the generation of the pulse, even if the inductor 45 is not completely discharged.

[0135] In order to make the most of the generator 4, each half-bridge may be biased by means of a potential difference applied respectively between the first and second terminals 411, 412 and the third and fourth terminals 413, 414. The generator 4 may comprise a power supply for carrying out these biases. Alternatively, the control circuit 1 may comprise a power supply for carrying out this task.

[0136] Whatever the polarization means implemented, we will consider that the potentials VI, V2, V3 and V4 are respectively applied to the first, second, third and fourth terminals 411, 412, 413, 414.

[0137] Considering the orientation of the body diodes 4312, 4322 of the one-way switches 431, 432, it is preferable that VI > V2. In this way, when the one-way switches 431, 432 are open, no current flows in the first half-bridge.

[0138] A potential difference V2 > VI may cause a short circuit in the body diodes 4312, 4322 of the first and second unidirectional switches 431, 432. For this purpose, it may be preferred that at least one of these two switches is a bidirectional switch. Thus, when the switch is open, there is no risk of a short circuit. When the first switch 431 is bidirectional, the operating mode of the generator 4 may be retained to achieve positive charging and discharging of the inductor (see modes A to D of [Fig. 6]). However, for certain operating modes, such as modes G and H of [Fig. 6] and in the absence of a body diode 4321, the first switch 431 must be specifically closed, for example by the controller, so that the inductor can discharge correctly.

[0139] The two switches 431, 432 may also be bidirectional switches. It is then necessary to ensure that the controller closes the switches when they must be conducting in the absence of a body diode. For example, in operating modes C, D, G and H of [Fig.6] and in the absence of a body diode 4321, 4322, the first and second switches 431, 432 must be specifically closed by the controller so that the inductor can discharge correctly.

[0140] The half-bridge comprising the bidirectional switches 433, 434 can be polarized in either direction. For the example we will consider V3 > V4.

[0141] In order to be able to carry out the charging or discharging of the inductance, it is preferable that the half-bridges are polarized so that VI > V4 and V3 > V2. For example: V2 = V4 = 0 V and VI = V3 = 200 V.

[0142] In the embodiment of [Fig.5], the generator 4 also comprises an impedance 70 on the output branch 46 whose role is to reduce bounces coming from the circuit 1, such as a bounce coming from a transmission line 3. In a similar manner to the first, second and third impedances 71, 72, 73 described previously, the impedance 70 is arranged on a branch connecting two fixed potentials.

[0143] [Fig.6] schematically presents, with reference to the letters A to H, different operating modes of the generator 4 according to the configuration of the switches 431, 432, 433, 434. The reference signs are only shown in one of the sub-figures for greater readability. However, each element of the generator (except the impedance 70) is also shown in [Fig.5]. In these operating modes, the first and second switches 431, 432 are unidirectional. The potentials applied to the terminals 411, 412, 413, 414 satisfy VI > V2 and V3 > V4. The bold line corresponds to the circulation of an electric current in the generator 4. An arrow gives the direction of the current (considering the aforementioned polarization convention).

[0144] A first operating phase corresponds to operating modes A to D.

[0145] Operating mode A corresponds to the charging of the inductance 45. The controller controls the closing of the first and fourth switches 431, 434. A current flowing in the inductance 45 is established and the inductance 45 stores a quantity of energy.

[0146] Charging of the coil can be triggered by the generator receiving a charging command. This charging command is preferably sent by the controller of the control circuit 1. With reference to [Fig.3], this command is sent in the charging period, before triggering the generation of the current pulse.

[0147] Operating mode B corresponds to the injection of the current pulse into the output branch 46 by the inductor 45, initially charged. This pulse is triggered by the opening of the fourth switch 434. The inductor 45 discharges into the load connected (via the switch 6) to the output branch 46. For example the transmission line 3 and the capacitive load 2.

[0148] The opening of the fourth switch 434 is carried out upon receipt of a command to trigger the generation of the pulse. With reference to [Fig.3], this command is sent by the controller of the control circuit 1 to the generator controller 4. This command sending is concomitant with the change of state of switch 6 so that the current pulse is sent to load 2.

[0149] In operating mode C, the inductor 45 also discharges into the output branch 46. This operating mode is caused when the inductor 45 is charged, or sufficiently charged, and the first and fourth switches 431 434 are open. The inductor 45 continues to discharge by delivering a current into the only accessible branch, i.e. through the body diode 4322 of the second switch 432. In this operating mode, the second switch 432 is on, even if its internal switch 4321 is blocked.

[0150] This operating mode may be the operating mode used to generate the current pulse on the output branch 46. It allows the inductor 45 to discharge, at least partly in the output branch 46.

[0151] This operating mode does not, however, allow a new charge of the inductance 45 to carry out a reverse switching of the load 2 (if the first switching was for example from blocked to passing, the second switching is from passing to blocked). Operating mode C is then preferably a transient operating mode between operating modes B and D.

[0152] The energy stored in the inductor 45 may depend on the charging time of the inductor 45. Thus, by controlling the charging time of the inductor 45, the amplitude of the generated current pulse can be controlled. It may be advisable, for certain applications, to avoid sending a pulse having too high an amplitude. Indeed, remember that certain power components, such as HEMT transistors, can be damaged by a voltage or current peak that is too high.

[0153] The charging time can be controlled by a duration between the reception of a charging command and the command to trigger the generation of the pulse.

[0154] Alternatively, the pulse generator 4 comprises a first current limiter (not shown in the figures). This first limiter is connected in series with the inductor 45 so as to limit the current flowing in the inductor 45 when the latter is under load. In operating mode A, corresponding to the load, the limiter is for example inserted between the first and fourth terminals 411, 414. If it is desired that the current pulse is not limited during generation but only during charging, it is preferable that the limiter is inserted in the second half-bridge, between the second node 422 and the fourth terminal 414.

[0155] To limit the charging current regardless of the sign of the current, it is preferable for the generator 4 to include a second current limiter. The latter could also be inserted in the second half-bridge, between the third terminal 413 and the second node 422.

[0156] If it is desired that the limiter limits the amplitude of the generated pulse rather than the amplitude of the load current, then it is preferable to insert the first limiter between the two half-bridges or between the first terminal 411 and the first node 421. Alternatively, when the generator 4 comprises two limiters, each of them can be inserted in the first half-bridge between, respectively, the first node 421 and the first terminal 411 and between the first node 421 and the second terminal 412.

[0157] In operating mode D, the third switch 433 is closed. The inductor continues its discharge by delivering a current flowing from V2 to V3. As soon as the current is canceled, the body diode 4322 of the second switch 432 prevents a reverse current (flowing naturally from V3 to V2) from being established and the inductor 45 remains discharged.

[0158] Closing the third switch 434 imposes the potential V3 on the output branch 46. This setting of the potential allows the establishment of a holding current (if V3 > V4 this is the high holding voltage) in the load 2 so that the latter retains its state.

[0159] Unlike mode C, mode D does not wait for the complete or substantial discharge of the inductor 45 to apply a holding voltage to the component. It is imposed at an arbitrary instant, as soon as the third switch 433 is closed. Closing the third switch 434 makes it possible to stop the injection of the current pulse into the branch and fix the potential of the output branch 46.

[0160] Closing the third switch 433 acts as a stop to the injection of the pulse into the circuit. The control circuit 1 may, for example, send a command to stop the pulse generation to the controller of the generator 4 so that the latter commands the closing of the third switch 433.

[0161] Note that a holding current, which may be low and constant, can continue to flow in the output branch 46.

[0162] Acceleration of the charging of the inductor 45 can be achieved by using a high potential difference VI - V4. Thus, the charging time is reduced and the switching frequency of the components can be increased.

[0163] A second phase, corresponding to modes E to H, makes it possible to carry out a new charge of the inductance 45, the injection of a current pulse on the output branch and finalize the discharge of the inductance and / or stop the injection of the pulse. However, in this second phase, the direction of the current flowing in the inductance (and therefore injected into the output branch) is reversed with respect to the direction of the current of mode A. We then speak of negative charge. This is notably obtained by the charge of the inductance 45 between the potentials V2 and V3 where V2 < V3.

[0164] The controller of generator 4 is therefore configured to: • upon receipt of a charging command, charge the inductor 45 according to operating mode A (or respectively E); • upon receipt of a command to trigger the generation of a current pulse, discharge the inductor 45 into the output branch 46 according to the operating mode B or C (or respectively F or G); and • if necessary, upon receipt of a command to stop pulse generation, stop pulse generation according to operating mode D (or respectively H).

[0165] In addition, the controller can also be configured to, upon receipt of a new charging command: • charge the inductance 45 positively (or negatively) again in the same way, according to the operating mode A (or E); or • negatively (or respectively positively) charge the inductance 45 with a current flowing in an opposite direction, according to the operating mode E (or respectively A).

[0166] According to a variant, the first switch 431 (respectively the second switch 432) is open at the end of the generation of the positive pulse of phase B (respectively at the end of the generation of the negative pulse of phase F). Thus, the discharge phase C (respectively G) is not necessary to finalize the discharge of the inductance and the generator 4 can go directly to phase D (respectively H). This variant shows energy performances equivalent to the mode of implementation of [Fig.6] and can make it possible to accelerate the frequency of pulse generations.

[0167] The generator 4 may comprise a circuit 1 produced using an integrated circuit. In the same way, the generator 4 may be produced using discrete components and / or using an integrated circuit, such as a specialized integrated circuit. The use of an integrated circuit makes it possible to reduce the volume and weight of the generator 4.

Claims

Claims

1. A pulse generator (4) of arbitrary current on an output branch (46) upon receipt of a trigger command, comprising: first, second, third and fourth terminals (411, 412, 413, 414) configured to be connected to, respectively, first, second, third and fourth electrical potentials VI, V2, V3, V4; first, second, third and fourth switches (431, 432, 433, 434); an inductor (45); the output branch (46);and a controller, the first switch (431) being connected between the first terminal (411) and a first node (421), the second switch (432) being connected between the second terminal (412) and the first node (421), the third switch (433) being connected between the third terminal (413) and a second node (422), the fourth switch (434) being connected between the fourth terminal (414) and the second node (422), the inductor (45) being connected between the first node (421) and the second node (422), the output branch (46) being connected to the second node (422), the pulse generator (4) being characterized in that the third and fourth switches (433, 434) are bidirectional switches and in that the controller is also configured to: charge the inductor by closing the first and fourth switches (431, 434) and opening the second and third switches (432, 433);and upon receipt of the trigger command, discharge the inductance in the output branch by opening the fourth switch (434).;

2. A pulse generator (4) according to claim 1, wherein the controller is also configured to, after opening the fourth switch (434), close the third switch (433).

3. A pulse generator (4) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller is also configured to: negatively charge the inductor by closing the second and third switches (432, 433) and opening the first and fourth switches (431, 434); and discharge the inductor again in the output branch by opening the third switch (433).

4. Pulse generator (4) according to the preceding claim, wherein the controller is also configured to: after opening the third switch (433), close the fourth switch (434).

5. Pulse generator (4) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the third and fourth switches (433, 434) each comprise two transistors mounted as common sources.

6. A pulse generator (4) according to any preceding claim, comprising an impedance (70) for reducing the amplitude of a bounce from the output branch (46).

7. Pulse generator (4) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a first current limiter connected in series with the inductor (45) when the first, second, third and fourth switches (431, 432, 433, 434) are in a configuration (A; E) allowing the loading of the inductor (45).

8. Pulse generator (4) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a power supply configured to apply the first, second, third and fourth electrical potentials VI, V2, V3, V4 to, respectively, the first, second, third and fourth terminals (411, 412, 413, 414), with VI > V4 and V3 > V2.

9. Control circuit (1) of a power electronic component through a transmission line (3), the control circuit (1) being characterized in that it comprises: a pulse generator (4) according to one of the preceding claims; a switcher (6); and a controller, the switcher (6) comprising: an output terminal (62) configured to be connected to the transmission line (3); a first input terminal (611) and a second input terminal (612), the first input terminal (611) of the switcher (6) being configured to be connected to the output branch (46) of the pulse generator (4), the second input terminal (612) of the switcher (6) being configured to be connected to a first voltage source (51); and a first bidirectional switch (631) and a second bidirectional switch (632), the first switch (631) being connected between the first input terminal (611) and the output (62), the second switch (632) being connected between the second input terminal (612) and the output terminal (62), the controller being configured to: send a trigger command to the pulse generator; upon sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the first switch (631) and open the second switch (632); and a time after sending the trigger command to the pulse generator (4) or after closing the first switch (631), open the first switch (631) and close the second switch (632).

10. A control circuit (1) according to the preceding claim, comprising a first impedance (71) for reducing the amplitude of a bounce from the transmission line (3) to the first input terminal (611) and the second input terminal (612).

11. A control circuit (1) according to claim 10, wherein the first impedance (71) is connected between the first and second switches (631, 632) and the output terminal (62) of the switch (6).

12. Control circuit (1) according to claim 10, also comprising a second impedance (72), the first impedance being connected between the output terminal (62) and the first input terminal (611), preferably between the output terminal (62) and the first switch (631), the second impedance (72) being connected between the output terminal (62) and the second input terminal (612), preferably between the output terminal (72) and the second switch (632).

13. Control circuit (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the controller is configured to vary the amplitude of the voltage delivered by the first voltage source (51) as a function of time, between a first amplitude and a second amplitude different from the first amplitude, the controller being further configured so that the variation between the first amplitude and the second amplitude is carried out when the second switch (632) is open.

14. Control circuit (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the controller is also configured to close the second switch (632) before the generation of the current pulse.

15. Control circuit (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the switch (6) further comprises: a third terminal input terminal (613) configured to be connected to a second voltage source (52); and a third bidirectional switch (633), connected between the third input terminal (613) and the output terminal (62), the controller also being configured to: before sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the second switch (632) and open the first and third switches (631, 633); upon sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, close the first switch (631) and open the second switch (632); and a moment after sending the trigger command to the pulse generator, closing the third switch (633) and opening the first and third switches (631, 633).

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