Device and method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating

Abstract

Preparing composite plates uses conductive clamps 2, 7 at the feeding and discharging sides of a rolling mill 1. Conductive clamps 2, 7 form a closed electric circuit loop with the plates going throug

Description

The disclosure relates to the technical field of composite plate rolling, and in particular to a device and a method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating. Traditional hot rolling mostly uses a heating furnace to heat the plate to a uniform temperature, and then carries out rolling compounding. However, the deformation resistance of dissimilar metal materials at the same temperature varies greatly, making it difficult to achieve deformation coordination. At this time, the researchers proposed different temperature heating, that is, heating different kinds of plates at different temperatures. This method effectively improves the coordination of deformation, but for the overall heating of the plate still exists the problem of inefficiency. Relevant research shows that the pulse current may make the plate heat quickly and produce the composite plate more efficiently. During the heating process, the current is evenly distributed in the plate, and the overall temperature of the plate is consistent. In the process of using alternating pulse current, it is found that the presence of a magnetic field changes the current distribution, and by adjusting the magnitude of magnetic field and the direction of current, the current will gather towards the interface of the plate to be composited, which will eventually lead to a high temperature at the surface of the material to be composited. Applying this effect to the heating process of the composite plate increases the current density of the surface to be composited, reduces the temperature away from the surface to be composited, puts the dissimilar metals at a temperature that is easy to be deformed and coordinated, and enhances the diffusion of the elements near the interface, so that this method will be a highly efficient and novel process. At the same time, due to the pulse current effect, the application of pulse current in the rolling process may effectively reduce the deformation resistance of materials, and the combination strength of composite plates will be effectively improved by further improving the diffusion ability of interfacial lifting elements by using the aggregation effect of pulse current tips. At present, in the field of plate and strip rolling, relevant scholars mostly use pulse current for thin strip cold rolling. The current is loaded directly at both ends of the strip, which is easy to apply, and the direct action of the current on the rolls will lead to an overall charge in the rolling mill, resulting in a safety hazard. In addition, the existing composite plate rolling methods are all assembly before rolling and then heating treatment. The process proposed in the present disclosure requires separate heating and then assembly, and the existing device is not capable of accomplishing the operation flow of assembly after heating required by the process of the present disclosure. Therefore, there is a need for a device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, which uses pulse current to perform gradient heating in the rolling process of composite plates, and may avoid electrification of the machine body to improve safety while completing the assembly, while also solving the problem of delivery of composite plates. An objective of the disclosure is to provide a device and a method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, so as to solve problems existing in the prior art. By arranging a current applying component on one side of a second frame and an electromagnet on the second frame, gradient heating may be realized by pulse current in the heating stage of composite plates, and a first conductive clamp and a second conductive clamp are respectively arranged on the feeding side and the discharging side of a rolling mill, and pulse current is applied in the rolling process of composite plates, so that the metal deformation resistance may be reduced. In order to achieve the above objective, the present disclosure provides a following solution: the present disclosure provides a device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, including a first conductive clamp and a second conductive clamp, where the first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp are respectively fixedly connected to a feeding side and a discharging side of a rolling mill, and the first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp are used for forming a closed loop of current with plates, and the first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp have a same structure; a first frame, where the first frame is located at the feeding side of the rolling mill, and the first frame includes a first frame body, first baffles and a welding arm, and the first frame body is provided with the first baffles and ceramic rollers, and the first baffles are located at both sides of each of the ceramic rollers, the first baffles are connected with a clamping component, and the two first baffles are controlled to move inward by the clamping component to clamp and fix the plates and center the plates, and the welding arm is slidably connected with the first frame body through a third linear actuator; second frames, where two second frames are arranged, and the two second frames are arranged at both sides of the first frame body, and each of the second frames includes a second frame body, and the second frame body is provided with electromagnets; a current applying component, where the current applying component is arranged at one side of the second frame body, and the current applying component is used for applying current to the plates on the second frame; and a vacuum sucker component, where the vacuum sucker component is erected on tops of the first frame and the second frames and used for transferring the plates on the two second frame bodies to the first frame body. Further, the current applying component includes a bracket, first linear actuators and a second linear actuator fixedly connected at two ends of the bracket and electrodes, and the first linear actuators are arranged vertically to a ground, a bottom of each of the first linear actuators is provided with a ground rail slider, the second linear actuator is arranged horizontally with the ground, and the electrodes are connected below the second linear actuator through first springs, and the electrodes are located at a top of the second frame. Further, the clamping component includes third supporting plates, second connecting plates and first electric cylinders, where the third supporting plates are located at both sides of each of the ceramic rollers, and the ceramic rollers are rotatably connected to the first frame body through pulleys; second springs are arranged between each of the third supporting plates and each of the first baffles, and each of the second connecting plates is connected to a bottom of the each of the first baffles, and the each of the second connecting plates is connected to each of the first electric cylinders. Further, jacking frames are arranged below the ceramic rollers, each of the jacking frames is connected to a second electric cylinder, and both sides of the each of the jacking frames are provided with first guide rods. Further, the top of the first frame body is provided with a sliding table and the third linear actuator matched with the sliding table, and the third linear actuator slides along the sliding table to drive the welding arm to slide on the frame body; and the first frame body is also provided with a second baffle, and the second baffle is connected with a third electric cylinder. Further, the vacuum sucker component includes a third frame body, and the third third frame body is connected with a push plate through a first hydraulic cylinder, and the push plate is connected with a third connecting plate, one side of the third connecting plate is connected with a second hydraulic cylinder, and a bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with a rotary motor, and an output end of the rotary motor is connected with a sucker. Further, the first conductive clamp includes an electrified guide wheel, first connecting plates, a first main body, a current applying mechanism and a transition connecting plate, and the transition connecting plate is provided with the electrified guide wheel; the first main body is connected to the rolling mill through the first connecting plates, and a first supporting plate is arranged between the first main body and the first connecting plates; and the current applying mechanism is fixedly connected to the transition connecting plate, and each of the first connecting plates is also provided with a insulating sheet. A method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating includes following steps: preparing plates to be composited and polishing surfaces thereof; placing plates made of different materials on the two second frames respectively, adjusting a position of the current applying component to apply current to the plates on the second frames and applying electromagnetic fields through the electromagnets for gradient heating; adjusting the vacuum sucker component, and transferring the plates on the two second frames to the first frame for stacking, and completing assembly; adjusting the first frame and the second frames to clamp, fix and lift the plates, conveying the plates to the rolling mill, forming a loop with the first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp, and then carrying out pulse current rolling to form a metal composite material. Further, a current density of pulse current applied to the plates by the current applying component is 10-2000 A / mm2, a duty ratio is 10%-60%, a frequency is 25-5000 Hz, and a magnetic induction intensity B generated by the electromagnets ranges from 102-104 Wb / m2. The present disclosure discloses the following technical effects. In the device, a current applying component is arranged on one side of the each of the second frames for applying current to the composite plates on the second frames, and the electromagnets are also arranged on the second frames, and the electromagnets and the current applying component work together to generate pulse current to heat the composite plates in a gradient way. When carriers in the composite plate material move in an external magnetic field, the trajectories deviate due to the Lorentz force, and charges accumulate on the one side of the material. Therefore, by adjusting the magnetic field, the variable current distribution is changed, so that the current gathers towards the surface of the plate to be composited, where the temperature is higher, and the temperature away from the surface is lower, thus forming a temperature gradient. Different materials to be composited may achieve different temperatures by adjusting the current parameters and the magnetic field size, so that the interface deformation may be enhanced in the subsequent rolling process, and at the same time, the coordinated deformation may be realized, and the diffusion ability of interface elements may be accelerated. The first frame is provided with the first baffles, the clamping component and the jacking frames, which are used for clamping, fixing and lifting the composite plates stacked on the first frame, so as to facilitate the transportation of the composite plates. The first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp are respectively arranged on the feeding side and the discharging side of the rolling mill. When rolling, the composite plates enter the rolling mill to form a current loop with the first conductive clamp and the second conductive clamp, and pulse current is applied again, so that the metal deformation resistance is reduced, the atomic migration rate is improved, the element diffusion is enhanced, and the high-strength bonding of the titanium / steel composite plate is realized, which solves the problems that the traditional rolling is easy to generate intermetallic compounds and reduce the bonding strength. In order to explain the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solution in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For one of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first conductive clamp in the present disclosure. Figure 3 is a side view of a first conductive clamp in the present disclosure. Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second frame in the present disclosure. Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first frame in the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a left side view of a first frame in the present disclosure. Figure 7 is a top view of a first frame in the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum sucker component in the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a rolling process flow in the present disclosure; Among them, 1. rolling mill; 2. first conductive clamp; 201. electrified guide wheel; 202. first connecting plate; 203. first main body; 204. current applying mechanism; 205. first supporting plate; 206. first insulating sheet; 207. transition connecting plate; 208. elastic mechanism; 209. limit plate; 210. fourth spring; 3. current applying component; 301. bracket; 302. first linear actuator; 303. ground rail slider; 304. second linear actuator; 305. first spring; 306. electrode; 4. second frame; 401. electromagnet; 402. second frame; 403. first bearing; 5. first frame; 501. first frame; 502. third linear actuator; 503. welding arm; 504. sliding table; 505. second bearing; 506. third supporting plate; 507. ceramic roller; 508. second spring; 509. first baffle; 510. pulley; 511. motor; 512. thickness gauge; 513. first electric cylinder; 514. second baffle; 515. second electric cylinder; 516. first guide rod; 517. jacking frame; 518. second connecting plate; 6. vacuum sucker component; 601. first hydraulic cylinder; 602. third frame body; 603. push plate; 604. third connecting plate; 605. second guide rod; 606. second hydraulic cylinder; 607. cylinder sleeve; 608. rotary motor; 609. third spring; 610. sucker; 7. second conductive clamp. In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described with reference to the attached drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easier to understand, the present disclosure will be further described in detail with the attached drawings and specific embodiments. As shown in Figure 1-Figure 8, the disclosure provides a device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, including a first frame 5, second frames 4, a vacuum sucker component 6, a first conductive clamp 2 and a second conductive clamp 7, where the first frame 5 is located at the feeding side of the rolling mill 1, and there are two second frames 4, which are distributed on both sides of the first frame 5, and one side of each of the second frames 4 is provided with a current applying component 3 for applying current to the plates on the second frames 4. The first frame 5 is used to stack the plates on the two second frames 4 and transport the plates to the rolling mill 1 for rolling. The vacuum sucker component 6 is erected above the first frame 5 and the second frames 4 for transferring the plates on the second frames 4 to the first frame 5. The feeding side of the rolling mill 1 is provided with the first conductive clamp 2 and the discharging side is provided with the second conductive clamp 7. When the plates enter the rolling mill 1 for rolling, the first conductive clamp 2 and the second conductive clamp 7 form a current loop with the plates, which is convenient for applying pulse current in the rolling process. The vacuum sucker component 6 is used for transferring the plates on the second frames 4 to the first frame 5. As shown in Figure 4, each of the second frames 4 includes a second frame body 402, and electromagnets 401 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top end of the second frame body 402 for applying electromagnetic fields to the plates on the second frame body 402; the top of the second frame body 402 is also rotatably connected with ceramic rollers 507 through first bearings 403, and each of the bearing is a bearing with a seat, and current applying component 3 is arranged on one side of the second frame body 402. The current applying component 3 includes first linear actuators 302, a second linear actuator 304, a bracket 301 and electrodes 306, where the first linear actuators 302 are vertical linear actuators with the bottom ends being connected to ground rail sliders 303 and the top ends being connected to the bracket 301, and the other end of the bracket 301 is connected to the second linear actuator 304, and the second linear actuator 304 is arranged horizontally; the electrodes 306 are connected below the second linear actuator 304 through first springs 305, and the electrodes 306 contact the plates to apply current. The first springs 305 are provided to prevent the electrodes 306 from being damaged by rigid contact between the electrodes 306 and the composite plate. The sliding of the first linear actuators 302 and the second linear actuator 304 may drive the electrodes 306 to move, and the first linear actuators 302 are arranged to make the electrodes 306 close to or away from the plates, which is convenient for the vacuum sucker component 6 to transport the plates on the second frame body 402, so as to avoid the risk of cross-talk between the electrodes 306 and the vacuum sucker component 6. The second linear actuator 304 is arranged to change the position between the electrodes 306, which is convenient for applying current to different positions of the plates, so as to generate a surface high-temperature state. Different plates may be placed on the second frame bodies 402 on two sides, and the current magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field may be adjusted according to different plates. The electromagnets 401 and the electrodes 306 are started to apply current and magnetic field to the plates on the second frame bodies 402 at the same time, and pulse current is used for heating in the heating stage. When the carriers in the material move in the external magnetic field, the trajectories deviate due to the Lorentz force, and charge accumulation occurs on one side of the material. Therefore, by adjusting the magnetic field, the variable current distribution is changed, so that the current gathers towards the surface of the plate to be composited, and a higher temperature is formed there, and the temperature away from the surface is low, thus forming a temperature gradient. Different materials to be composited may achieve different temperatures by adjusting the current parameters and the magnetic field size, so as to enhance the interfacial deformation in the subsequent rolling process and realize coordinated deformation and accelerate the diffusion ability of interfacial elements. As shown in Figure 5-Figure 7, the first frame 5 includes a first frame body 501. The top two sides of the first frame body 501 are rotatably connected with ceramic rollers 507 through second bearings 505, and each of the second bearings 505 is a bearing with a seat, and the two ends of each of the ceramic rollers 507 are provided with first baffles 509, and the first baffles 509 are flexible baffles, and the composite plates are placed between two first baffles 509, and the first baffles 509 play a role in clamping and fixing the plates, so that two or more layers of plates are aligned. A clamping component is arranged below the first baffles 509, and the clamping component includes third supporting plates 506, second connecting plates 518 and first electric cylinders 513, where the third supporting plates 506 are arranged at both ends of the each of the ceramic rollers 507, each of the third supporting plates 506 is arranged outside each of the first baffles 509, and second springs 508 are arranged between the each of the third supporting plates 506 and the each of the first baffles 509, and each of the second connecting plates 518 is connected below the each of the first baffles 509, and the each of the second connecting plates 518 is connected with the each of the first electric cylinders 513 through each of sliders. In this embodiment, the first electric cylinders 513 are horizontal electric cylinders, and there are four of them in groups of two, which are respectively located under the first baffles 509 on both sides. The first electric cylinders 513 drive the second connecting plates 518 to move horizontally through the sliders, so that the third supporting plates 506 on both sides drive the first baffles 509 to approach each other to realize clamping, fixing and aligning the plates. Jacking frames 517 are also arranged below the ceramic rollers 507, and second electric cylinders 515 are connected below the jacking frames 517 through sliders, and the second electric cylinders 515 are vertical electric cylinders, and the second electric cylinders 515 are started to drive the jacking frames517 to rise or fall; two sides of each of the jacking frames 517 are provided with first guide rods 516, and the first guide rods 516 play a guiding role for the jacking frames 517 and facilitate the smooth movement of the jacking frames 517, and the jacking frames 517 are used for lifting up the plates. The first frame body 501 is also provided with a second baffle 514, and the second baffle 514 is located at one side of the first frame body 501 close to the rolling mill 1. A third electric cylinder is connected below the second baffle 514, and the third electric cylinder is a vertical electric cylinder. The second baffle 514 is controlled to rise or fall by controlling the third electric cylinder, and the second baffle 514 aligns the front ends of the plates; after the plates on both sides are adsorbed on the ceramic rollers 507, the first baffles 509 approach to both sides to center the plates on both sides. The plates move forward on the ceramic rollers 507, and when the plates collide with the second baffle 514, the second baffle 514 blocks the plates, so that the front ends of the upper and lower stacked plates are aligned, which is convenient for the subsequent welding and rolling process. After the front ends of the plates are aligned, the third electric cylinder is started to drive the second baffle 514 to descend, so as to avoid affecting the movement of the plates. A welding arm 503 is slidably connected to the first frame body 501, and a sliding table 504 is arranged on one side of the first frame body 501. A third linear actuator 502 is slidably connected to the sliding table 504, and the third linear actuator 502 is fixedly connected with the welding arm 503. The third linear actuator 502 is a screw linear actuator, and the welding arm 503 slides back and forth under the action of the third linear actuator 502 to weld the plate. The jacking frames 517 lift the plates, the second baffle 514 descends, and the plates are lifted by the jacking frames 517 for welding, and then are sent to the rolling mill 1 for rolling. Thickness gauges 512 are also arranged below the ceramic roller groups 507, and are used to measure the thickness of the plates and the plates after assembly, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the spacing between the rolling rollers. The two ends of the each of the ceramic rollers 507 are connected with pulleys 510, and the pulleys 510 are connected by synchronous belts. The synchronous belts arranged between the pulleys 510 at intervals are staggered, and the synchronous belt at one end is connected with a motor 511. The motor 511 is started to drive the synchronous belt to rotate, so that the pulleys 510 rotate, and the ceramic rollers 507 rotate, thus realizing the transportation of the plates. As shown in Figure 8, the vacuum sucker component 6 is erected above the first frame 5 and the second frames 4, and is used to transfer the plates on the second frames 4 on both sides to the first frame 5 for stacking, so as to facilitate the welding and rolling of the plates. The vacuum sucker component 6 includes a third frame body 602, and two first hydraulic cylinders 601 are fixed on the third frame body 602, where one of the first hydraulic cylinders 601 is horizontally arranged and the other is vertically arranged to the one of the first hydraulic cylinders 601; one side of the first hydraulic cylinders 601 is connected with a push plate 603 through bolts and nuts, and a third connecting plate 604 is fixedly connected with the push plate 603, and a second hydraulic cylinder 606 is fixed on the third connecting plate 604, and the second hydraulic cylinder 606 is vertically arranged. A cylinder sleeve 607 is arranged at the bottom, and second guide rods 605 are arranged at both sides. The second guide rods penetrate through the cylinder sleeve 607 downwards, and the second guide rods 605 play a guiding role in the movement of the second hydraulic cylinder 606. A rotary motor 608 is arranged below the second hydraulic cylinder 606, and a sucker 610 is connected below the rotary motor 608. The sucker 610 is a vacuum sucker 610 and is connected with a vacuum pump. A third spring 609 is arranged between the output end of the rotary motor 608 and the sucker 610, so as to prevent the sucker 610 from being in rigid contact when absorbing the plates, thereby damaging the sucker 610 and the plates. The rotary motor 608 is arranged to cause the sucker 610 to rotate, facilitating the transfer of the plates from the second frame bodies 402 on both sides to the first frame body 501. Two first hydraulic cylinders 601 perpendicular to each other are arranged to facilitate the sucker 610 to adsorb the plates for left-right forward and backward movement, thus facilitating placing the plates on different positions of the first frame body 501. The vertical second hydraulic cylinder 606 is arranged to facilitate placing the plates at different heights and to facilitate stacking two or more plates neatly. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the feeding side of the rolling mill 1 is provided with a first conductive clamp 2, and the first conductive clamp 2 includes an electrified guide wheel 201, first connecting plates 202, a first main body 203, a current applying mechanism 204 and a transition connecting plate 207, where the electrified guide wheel 201 is a copper guide wheel, which is in direct contact with the plates to realize conduction, and is in flexible contact with the plates through an elastic mechanism 208. The electrified guide wheel 201 is arranged on the current applying mechanism 204, and the current applying mechanism 204 is fixedly connected to the transition connecting plate 207. A first supporting plate 205 is arranged between the first main body 203 and the first connecting plates 202, and the first connecting plates 202 are used to connect the first main body 203 to the rolling mill 1, and a first insulating sheet 206 is also arranged inside each of the first connecting plates 202, so as to prevent the current from flowing into the main body of the rolling mill 1, improve the safety performance and avoid the current loss caused by the current flowing through the rolling mill 1. The current applying mechanism 204 is used for connecting a power supply. The first main body 203 is provided with a limit plate 209 for centering the slab in the rolling process, and fourth springs 210 are provided below the transition connecting plate 207 to buffer the current applying mechanism 204. The second conductive clamp 7 is located on the other side of the rolling mill 1, corresponding to the position of the first conductive clamp 2, and the structure of the second conductive clamp 7 is the same as the structure of the first conductive clamp 2. The plates are conveyed to the rolling mill 1 for rolling, the front and rear ends of the plates enter the rolling mill 1 and are respectively contacted with electrified guide wheels on the first conductive clamp 2 and the second conductive clamp 7; when current is applied, the electrified guide wheels on both sides form a loop with the plates, pulse current starts to be applied, and the current is automatically cut off after rolling. Except for the rolling mill 1, other devices are placed in a closed environment with protective gas to prevent the plates from being oxidized during heating. In the rolling stage, pulse current is applied, and the convergence effect of current at the tip of the interface to be bonded is utilized. In the rolling process, the deformation resistance of metal is reduced, the atomic migration rate is increased, the element diffusion is enhanced, and the high-strength bonding of titanium / steel composite plates is realized, which solves the problems that traditional rolling is easy to produce intermetallic compounds and reduce the bonding strength. In this embodiment, the second frame body 402 is provided with the electrodes 306 and the electromagnets 401. By adjusting the magnetic field, the variable current distribution is changed, so that the current is concentrated towards the surface of the plate to be composited, where a higher temperature is formed, and the temperature away from the surface is low, thus forming a temperature gradient. The heated plate is transferred to the first frame body 501 by the sucker 610. During the transfer process of the sucker 610, the second hydraulic cylinder 606 is adjusted, so that the plates on both sides are stacked on the first frame body 501, and the first electric cylinders 513 are controlled, so that the second connecting plates 518 are close to each other to drive the first baffles 509 to be close to each other to center the plates; the second baffle 514 is raised to align the front ends of the plates, and the second electric cylinders 515 are controlled, so that the jacking frames 517 are lifted or lowered to facilitate the welding of the plates by the welding arm 503. The ceramic rollers 507 rotate under the action of the synchronous belts and pulleys 510, and the plates are transported to the feeding side of the rolling mill 1 and rolled in the rolling mill 1. The front and rear ends of the plates are respectively contacted with the electrified guide wheels on the first conductive clamp 2 and the second conductive clamp 7 to form a closed loop, and current and electromagnetic fields are applied. In the rolling process, pulse current is applied to realize high-strength bonding of titanium / steel composite plates, which solves the problems that traditional rolling is easy to produce intermetallic compounds and reduce the bonding strength. As shown in Figure 9, a method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating includes the following steps: preparing the plates to be composited and polishing surfaces thereof; placing composite plates made of different materials on the two second frames 4, and adjusting the position of electrodes 306 to apply current to the plates on the second frames 4; meanwhile, starting electromagnets 401 to apply electromagnetic field to the plates on the second frames 4 to heat the plates together with the current; changing the distribution of variable current by adjusting the magnetic field to make the current concentrate towards the surfaces of the plates to be composited, where the temperature is higher, and the temperature away from the surface is lower, thus forming a temperature gradient. Firstly, the polished dissimilar metals are respectively placed on the roller tables of the second frames 4 on the left and right sides of the first frame 5, and a pulse current is applied to the plates through the electrodes 306. The parameter range of the pulse current is current density: 10-2000 A / mm2, duty ratio: 10%-60%, and frequency: 25-5000 Hz. At this time, the electromagnets 401 are started, and the generated magnetic induction intensity B is in the range of 102-104 Wb / m2. When the carriers in the composite plate material move in the external magnetic field, the trajectories deviate due to the Lorentz force, and the carriers concentrate on the polished side (side to be composited) of the material, where the temperature is higher, and the temperature is lower away from the surface, thus forming a temperature gradient. The vacuum sucker 610 is adjusted to transfer the plates on the second frames 4 to the first frame 5 for stacking. The clamping component and jacking frames 517 are adjusted to clamp, fix and lift the composite plates, and the first electric cylinders 513 move horizontally to make the first baffles 509 approach each other, so as to clamp and fix the plates on the first frame body 501. The jacking frames 517 are used to lift the plates and strips. After the assembly, the second baffle 514 rises, and the plates are transported to the second baffle 514 through the roller tables. The two layers of plates and strips are stacked, lifted and welded by the jacking frames 517, and then sent to the rolling mill 1 for rolling. The plates are conveyed to the rolling mill 1, and the composite plates, the first conductive clamp 2 and the second conductive clamp 7 form a loop, and pulse current rolling is carried out again. When the plates are sent to the entrance of the rolling mill 1 to contact with the electrified guide wheels 201 and the third guide vane at the exit, the current forms a loop, and the pulse current starts to be applied, and the current is automatically cut off after the rolling. Taking TC4 titanium alloy and 304 stainless steel (the metal composite materials that may be matched include titanium / steel, copper / aluminum, steel / aluminum, titanium / aluminum, etc.) as examples, the thickness of TC4 is 10-30 mm, and the temperature of the surface to be composited may reach 300-600°C after the magnetic field, and the temperature away from the surface to be composited is only 100-300°C. 304 stainless steel is 20-50 mm thick, and the temperature of the surface to be bonded may reach 500-800°C after the magnetic field, and the temperature away from the surface to be bonded is only 300-500°C. Due to the high heating speed of pulse current, it only takes 10-30 s to complete the heating. After heating is completed, two metal materials are placed on the roller tables of the first frame 5 in turn by the sucker 610, so that the surfaces to be composited are contacted and transported to the entrance of the rolling mill, and the periphery is quickly spot-welded by the welding arm 503. After that, the blank is sent to the rolling mill, and at the same time, the pulse current is turned on, so that the current in the plate rolling process flows smoothly through the rolling deformation zone. Rolling current parameters are 10-3000 A, duty ratio is 10%-60%, and frequency is 10 Hz-5000 Hz. In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, etc. indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure. The above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred mode of the present disclosure, and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Under the premise of not departing from the design spirit of the present disclosure, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the field to the technical solution of the present disclosure should fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, comprising:a first conductive clamp (2) and a second conductive clamp (7), wherein the first conductive clamp (2) and the second conductive clamp (7) are respectively fixedly connected to a feeding side and a discharging side of a rolling mill (1), and the first conductive clamp (2) and the second conductive clamp (7) are used for forming a closed loop of current with plates, and the first conductive clamp (2) and the second conductive clamp (7) have a same structure;a first frame (5), wherein the first frame (5) is located at the feeding side of the rolling mill (1), and the first frame (5) comprises a first frame body (501), first baffles (509) and a welding arm (503), and the first frame body (501) is provided with the first baffles (509) and ceramic rollers (507), and the first baffles (509) are located at both sides of each of the ceramic rollers (507), the first baffles (509) are connected with a clamping component, and the two first baffles (509) are controlled to move inward by the clamping component to clamp and fix the plates and center the plates, and the welding arm (503) is slidably connected with the first frame body (501) through a third linear actuator (502);second frames (4), wherein two second frames (4) are arranged, and the two second frames (4) are arranged at both sides of the first frame body (501), and each of the second frames (4) comprises a second frame body (402), and the second frame body (402) is provided with electromagnets (401);a current applying component (3), wherein the current applying component (3) is arranged at one side of the second frame body (402), and the current applying component (3) is used for applying current to the plates on the second frame (402); anda vacuum sucker component (6), wherein the vacuum sucker component (6) is erected on tops of the first frame (5) and the second frames (4) and used for transferring the plates on the two second frame bodies (402) to the ceramic rollers (507) of the first frame body (501).

2. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein the current applying component (3) comprises a bracket (301), first linear actuators (302) and a second linear actuator (304) fixedly connected at two ends of the bracket (301) and electrodes (306), and the first linear actuators (302) are arranged vertically to a ground, a bottom of each of the first linear actuators (302) is provided with a ground rail slider (303), the second linearactuator (304) is arranged horizontally with the ground, and the electrodes (306) are connected below the second linear actuator (304) through first springs (305), and the electrodes (306) are located at a top of the second frame (402).

3. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein the clamping component comprises third supporting plates (506), second connecting plates (518) and first electric cylinders (513), wherein the third supporting plates (506) are located at both sides of each of the ceramic rollers (507), and the ceramic rollers (507) are rotatably connected to the first frame body (501) through pulleys (510); second springs (508) are arranged between each of the third supporting plates (506) and each of the first baffles (509), and each of the second connecting plates (518) is connected to a bottom of the each of the first baffles (509), and the each of the second connecting plates (518) is connected to each of the first electric cylinders (513).

4. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein jacking frames (517) are arranged below the ceramic rollers (507), each of the jacking frames (517) is connected to a second electric cylinder (515), and both sides of the each of the jacking frames (517) are provided with first guide rods (516).

5. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein the top of the first frame body (501) is provided with a sliding table (504) and the third linear actuator (502) matched with the sliding table (504), and the third linear actuator (502) slides along the sliding table (504) to drive the welding arm (503) to slide on the frame body (501); and the first frame body (501) is also provided with a second baffle (514), and the second baffle (514) is connected with a third electric cylinder.

6. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum sucker component (6) comprises a third frame body (602), and the third third frame body (602) is connected with a push plate (603) through a first hydraulic cylinder (601), and the push plate (603) is connected with a third connecting plate (604), one side of the third connecting plate (604) is connected with a second hydraulic cylinder (606), and a bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder (606) is connected with a rotary motor (608), and an output end of the rotary motor (608) is connected with a sucker (610).

7. The device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive clamp (2) comprises an electrified guide wheel (201), first connecting plates (202), a first main body (203), a current applying mechanism (204) and a transition connecting plate (207), and the transition connecting plate (207) is provided with the electrified guide wheel (201); the first main body (203) is connected to the rolling mill (1) through the first connecting plates (202), and a first supporting plate (205) is arranged between the first main body (203) and the first connecting plates (202); and the current applying mechanism (204) is fixedly connected to the transition connecting plate (207), and each of the first connecting plates (202) is also provided with a first insulating sheet (206).

8. A method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating, wherein the device for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises following steps: preparing plates to be composited and polishing surfaces thereof; placing plates made of different materials on the two second frames (4) respectively, adjusting a position of the current applying component (3) to apply current to the plates on the second frames (4) and applying electromagnetic fields through the electromagnets (401) for gradient heating; adjusting the vacuum sucker component (6), and transferring the plates on the two second frames (4) to the first frame (5) for stacking, and completing assembly; adjusting the first frame (5) and the second frames (4) to clamp, fix and lift the plates, conveying the plates to the rolling mill (1), forming a loop with the first conductive clamp (2) and the second conductive clamp (7), and then carrying out pulse current rolling to form a metal composite material.

9. The method for preparing composite plates by gradient heating according to claim 8, wherein a current density of pulse current applied to the plates by the current applying component (3) is 10-2000 A / mm2, a duty ratio is 10%-60%, a frequency is 25-5000 Hz, and a magnetic induction intensity B generated by the electromagnets (401) ranges from 102-104 Wb / m2.

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