Electricity control system, electricity control method, and program

Abstract

To achieve high economic efficiency while accurately tracking the actual output amount to an output target in a power control system that uses multiple distributed power sources by allocating output in consideration of the different characteristics and economic efficiency of each distributed power source when the overall output target changes.SOLUTION: In the power control system, for time periods when the output target changes, output target change information, which is information on the change of an output target, is calculated for each distributed power source on the basis of distributed power source characteristic information, which is information on the characteristics of distributed power sources. In addition, for each distributed power source, on the basis of the distributed power source characteristic information, the changeable amount of output, the variation in the output change response, and the size of the regulating power that indicates the adjustable amount of the output change response are estimated. Then, on the basis of these pieces of information and the distributed power source economic information, the output target is allocated to each distributed power source, and the output allocation command for each distributed power source is determined.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] An embodiment of the present invention relates to a power control system, a power control method, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the introduction of power supply facilities that utilize renewable energy (such as solar and wind power) has been expanding. This includes the diversification and decentralization of power sources. Hereinafter, decentralized power sources will be referred to as distributed power sources. In recent power systems, for example, in VPPs (Virtual Power Plants) and the like, technologies have been developed to comprehensively control multiple distributed power sources located in various locations.

[0003] In a power system that uses multiple distributed power sources, the output cost and other factors differ for each distributed power source, so output allocation of the distributed power sources is determined, for example, using a predetermined operational ranking (merit order) related to economic efficiency.

[0004] Another method is to have a management device calculate an index for controlling the output of the distributed power sources, and then have each distributed power source calculate and control an individual output target based on the index. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2021-184683 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, the above-mentioned conventional technologies are output allocation and control when the overall output target does not change, and if the overall output target changes, there is a possibility that the output will deviate from a specified range (e.g., within ±10%) set for the overall output target.

[0007] Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, in a power control system using multiple distributed power sources, when the overall output target changes, output allocation is performed taking into account the different characteristics of each distributed power source (such as the magnitude of output power fluctuation and the magnitude of response variation) and economic efficiency, thereby achieving high economic efficiency and enabling the actual output amount to track the output target with high accuracy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The power control system of the embodiment is a power control system for causing the sum of the output from each of multiple distributed power sources to track an overall output target of the multiple distributed power sources that output power, and includes an allocation calculation unit that allocates the output target to each distributed power source and outputs multiple output allocation commands, and a control command calculation unit that outputs, for each distributed power source, an output control command that is a control command for the output to the distributed power source based on the output allocation command. The allocation calculation unit has different calculation methods for time periods when the output target does not change and time periods when it changes, and is equipped with a calculation unit that calculates output target change information, which is information regarding changes in the output target, for each distributed power source, based on distributed power source characteristic information, which is information regarding the characteristics of the distributed power source; an estimation unit that estimates, for each distributed power source, the possible output change amount, the variation in output change response, and the magnitude of adjustment capacity indicating the adjustable amount of the output change response, based on the distributed power source characteristic information; and an allocation determination unit that determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source by allocating the output target for each distributed power source based on the output target change information, the possible output change amount for each distributed power source, the variation in output change response, the magnitude of adjustment capacity, and distributed power source economics information, which is information regarding the economics of the distributed power source. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power system according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the functional configuration of the distributed power supply control system of the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a graph showing output power fluctuation in the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the output change rate in the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of power distribution in the prior art. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of output distribution when there is no change in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a graph showing an example of output distribution when there is a change in the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an outline of the processing performed by the distributed power supply control system of the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an overall configuration diagram of a power system according to the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of a power control system, a power control method, and a program according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0011] (First embodiment) Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power system S of the first embodiment. The power system S includes a supply and demand management system 11, a distributed power source control system 12, distributed power sources 21 (21-1 to 21-n), a communication network 25, and a power transmission and distribution network 26. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the functional configuration and the like of the distributed power source control system 12 of the first embodiment. The power system S includes a power control system for causing the sum of the outputs from each of the multiple distributed power sources 21 to follow an overall output target of the multiple distributed power sources 21 that output power.

[0012] The supply and demand management system 11 and the distributed power supply control system 12 are devices (e.g., computer devices) capable of executing information processing. They may be configured as a single piece of hardware, or may be configured as separate pieces of hardware. The hardware includes at least a processing unit and a storage unit. The processing unit is configured, for example, by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and executes various types of arithmetic processing. The storage unit is configured, for example, by a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), an SSD (Solid State Drive), etc. and stores various types of information (information related to power control, etc.). The hardware may also include an input unit (e.g., a mouse, a keyboard, a touch panel, etc.) and a display unit (LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), etc.).

[0013] The supply and demand management system 11 is a system that performs processing for managing the demand and supply of electricity in the power system S. The supply and demand management system 11 performs calculations of a target value of electricity to be generated based on the demand for electricity, that is, an output target that is the sum of the outputs of the multiple distributed power sources 21, and outputs the output target to the distributed power source control system 12.

[0014] The distributed power supply control system 12 is a system that performs processing for controlling a plurality of distributed power supplies 21. The distributed power supply control system 12 performs control so that the total value of the actual outputs from each of the plurality of distributed power supplies 21 follows the output target.

[0015] The distributed power source 21 includes a plurality of distributed power sources 21-1 to 21-n, each capable of generating power (outputting power) independently. The distributed power sources 21-1 to 21-n may each have different power generation characteristics, may be installed at different locations or may have different points of connection to the power grid, and may each use different communication means for transmitting control information and measurement information. Fig. 1 shows an example in which there are n distributed power sources 21-1, 21-2, 21-3, ..., 21-n.

[0016] The type of the distributed power source 21 is not particularly limited, but the distributed power source 21 may be, for example, a facility that generates power using renewable energy such as solar power or wind power, or a storage battery (including a battery for an electric vehicle, etc.).

[0017] The power transmission and distribution network 26 is a network including facilities that enable the transmission and distribution of power, and supplies power from the distributed power sources 21 to predetermined consumers.

[0018] The distributed power supply control system 12 performs allocation calculations of distributed power supply target values, which are target values ​​for output for each distributed power supply 21, and outputs control commands for each distributed power supply 21, in accordance with the output targets and the like output from the supply and demand management system 11. The distributed power supply control system 12 includes an output allocation calculation unit 51 (allocation calculation unit), a control command calculation unit 52, and a storage unit 53.

[0019] The storage unit 53 stores various data for implementing the functions of the distributed power source control system 12. The storage unit 53 stores, for example, distributed power source characteristic information 61 which is information on the characteristics of each distributed power source 21, and distributed power source economic efficiency information 62 which is information on the economic efficiency of each distributed power source 21.

[0020] The distributed power source characteristic information 61 includes, for example, the magnitude and variance of output power fluctuations for each distributed power source 21, the response time and variance for each distributed power source 21, output power change constraints indicating constraints on output changes, maximum output power indicating the upper limit of output, and minimum output power indicating the lower limit of output.

[0021] The distributed power source economics information 62 includes, for example, information such as the output unit price and capacity unit price for each distributed power source 21. The output unit price is, for example, the cost per output power (kW). The capacity unit price is, for example, the cost per power amount (kWh) of the time integral of the power.

[0022] The output distribution calculation unit 51 distributes the output target acquired from the supply and demand management system 11 to each dispersed power source 21, and outputs a plurality of output distribution commands. Specifically, the output distribution calculation unit 51 distributes the output target to each dispersed power source 21 based on at least the possible output amount of each dispersed power source 21, and outputs a plurality of output distribution commands. More specifically, the output distribution calculation unit 51 generates distribution target values ​​r1 to rn indicating the output distribution for each dispersed power source 21, based on the output target rs outputted from the supply and demand management system 11 or the like, dispersed power source characteristic information 61, and dispersed power source economic efficiency information 62.

[0023] At this time, in addition to the output target rs, information such as the output target change rate, which is the change rate per unit time of the output target rs, the output duration, and the output target range is used. The output target rs is a target value of an output value ys obtained by summing up the outputs of the multiple dispersed power sources 21.

[0024] For example, if the output target change rate is to change in 30 minutes, the output target change rate is 1÷30 (PU / min).

[0025] The output target range is a target fluctuation rate, etc. The target fluctuation rate is, for example, within ±0.1 (±10%) of the output target rs.

[0026] The control command calculation unit 52 outputs, for each dispersed power source 21, an output control command which is a control command for the output to the dispersed power source 21, based on the output allocation command. For example, the control command calculation unit 52 calculates control command values ​​u1 to un which indicate command values ​​for the output of each dispersed power source 21, for each predetermined control period (for example, about one minute), based on the allocation target value ri (output allocation command) generated by the output allocation calculation unit 51, dispersed power source output values ​​y1 to yn which indicate the actual output of each dispersed power source 21, and dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0027] In addition, the output distribution calculation unit 51 has different calculation methods depending on whether the output target is a time period in which it does not change or a time period in which it changes. The output distribution calculation unit 51 includes an estimation unit 511, a calculation unit 512, and a distribution determination unit 513.

[0028] The estimation unit 511 executes various estimation processes. For example, the estimation unit 511 estimates, for each dispersed power source 21, the amount of possible output change, the variation in the output change response, and the magnitude of the adjustment capability indicating the amount of possible adjustment of the output change response, based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0029] The calculation unit 512 executes various calculation processes. For example, the calculation unit 512 calculates output target change information, which is information related to a change in the output target, for each dispersed power source 21, based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61 for a time period during which the output target changes.

[0030] The allocation determination unit 513 determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source 21 by allocating the output target to each distributed power source 21. For example, the allocation determination unit 513 determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source 21 by allocating the output target to each distributed power source 21 based on the output target change information, the amount of output change possible for each distributed power source 21, the variation in output change response, the magnitude of the adjustment capability, and the distributed power source economics information 62.

[0031] Furthermore, when a time range for an output target change is determined in the output target, the estimation unit 511 estimates an output response time based on the distributed power source characteristic information 61. Furthermore, the calculation unit 512 calculates an internal target change rate based on a target change time, which is the time from the start to the end of the output target change, and the output response time. Furthermore, the allocation determination unit 513 further determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source 21 using the internal target change rate.

[0032] Furthermore, the control command calculation unit 52 combines feedforward control and feedback control for the time period when the output target changes. In the feedforward control, the control command calculation unit 52 limits the rate of output change based on, for example, the magnitude of the target change rate for each dispersed power source 21 and the dispersed power source characteristic information. In the feedback control, the control command calculation unit 52 calculates the adjustment power portion based on the output target and the total output of the multiple dispersed power sources 21. For example, if the allocated target change rate is greater than the output change rate of the dispersed power source 21, rate limiting is performed using feedforward control. The feedback control is performed within the range of the adjustment power target value.

[0033] The estimation unit 511 may estimate the magnitude of output power fluctuation and the magnitude of adjustment capability indicating the adjustable amount of output power for each distributed power source 21, based on the distributed power source characteristic information 61. In this case, the allocation determination unit 513 determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source 21 by allocating the output target fluctuation in the output target to each distributed power source 21, based on the output possible amount for each distributed power source 21, the magnitude of the output power fluctuation, the magnitude of the adjustment capability, and the distributed power source economics information 62.

[0034] The calculation unit 512 may also learn the dispersed power source characteristic information 61 based on the output target and the total output of the dispersed power sources 21 and store the information in the storage unit 53 .

[0035] Furthermore, when the output target cannot be allocated to each dispersed power source 21, the allocation determination unit 513 may calculate information on the limit of allocation (for example, a value that can actually be allocated, etc.).

[0036] A specific description will be given below with reference to Fig. 3 and subsequent figures. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the output power fluctuation in the first embodiment. The magnitude of the output power fluctuation is estimated separately for when the output target is constant (hereinafter also referred to as "no change") and when the output target is changing (for example, the rate of change is constant (including almost constant)) (change time Tc from the start of change ts to the end of change te) (hereinafter also referred to as "changed").

[0037] The magnitude of output power fluctuation when the output target is constant is calculated for each fluctuation frequency (the reciprocal of the fluctuation period) by performing frequency analysis such as Fourier transform on the time series data of the output power. In addition, the fluctuation rate for each dispersed power source 21 is defined as follows. Fluctuation rate = amplitude of fluctuation frequency F / maximum output power MP

[0038] The variation in output power fluctuation is calculated by statistically analyzing the magnitude of output power fluctuation calculated under similar calculation conditions, and is calculated as, for example, a 3σ value (σ is standard deviation) assuming that the distribution of the variation is normal. Examples of calculation conditions include the calendar (weekdays, holidays, festivals, etc.), weather conditions (weather, temperature, etc.), and time period (morning, noon, evening, night, etc.).

[0039] The variation in the output target change rate when the output target is changing is calculated by statistically analyzing the output target change rate, for example, as a 3σ value (σ is standard deviation) assuming that the distribution of the variation is a normal distribution.

[0040] When calculating the output distribution, for example, the distributed power source 21 is modeled as follows: The response time (dead time and time constant) of the distributed power source 21 is calculated from the difference between the control command and the output power when the control command changes at an approximately constant rate of change.

[0041] The adjustment capacity of the distributed power source 21 is modeled based on the characteristics of the distributed power source 21, for example, using a dead time and first-order lag system with periodic fluctuation disturbance (the original fluctuation that occurs when there is no feedback control), and a feedback control simulation analysis is performed on the modeled object, and the adjustment capacity is calculated (estimated) from the magnitude of the fluctuation before and after adjustment.

[0042] <When no change occurs> When there is no change, an example of modeling the distributed power source 21 is given by the following equation. y ≒ EXP(-L × s) / (1+T × s) × u ​​+ d d=d0+Σdj×sin(2×π×t / (Tj)+t0j)

[0043] Here, the meaning of each symbol is as follows: y: output, u: control command, L: dead time, T: time constant, s: Laplace operator d: disturbance, d0, dj: disturbance amplitude, Tj: disturbance period, t0j: phase shift time

[0044] Moreover, the general feedback control is expressed as follows: u = FB(r0-y)

[0045] Here, the meaning of each symbol is as follows: r0: target, FB: feedback such as PI (Proportional-Integral) control

[0046] The adjustment power ratio is given by the following formula: Adjustment ratio = (amplitude of output fluctuation before adjustment - amplitude of output fluctuation after adjustment) / Amplitude of control command fluctuation after adjustment

[0047] In addition, the adjustment capability ratio and the adjustment rate in the fluctuation period Ti are as follows. Adjustment ratio = (disturbance amplitude dj - amplitude of output fluctuation after adjustment) / Amplitude of control command fluctuation after adjustment Adjustment ratio = adjustment force ratio / maximum rated output

[0048] <When there is a change> Moreover, when there is a change, an example of modeling the distributed power source 21 is given by the following equation. Δy / Δt≒EXP(-(L+T)×s)×R+Δd / Δt where R is the rate of change of the output.

[0049] Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the output change rate in the first embodiment. In Fig. 4, line L1 is the initial output target, and the change rate of the output target in the time period in which the output target is changing is hereinafter referred to as the initial output change rate.

[0050] Line L2 shows the case where the initial output change rate is 1.1 times that of line L1, and line L3 shows the case where the initial output change rate is 0.9 times that of line L1.

[0051] Generally, in feedforward control, when the output change rate R is larger than the initial output change rate, it can be delayed by limiting the rate of the control command, and the amount of delay can be used as adjustment power.

[0052] Furthermore, if the timing of the change can be predicted before the response time, it is possible to use feedforward control to match the output with the target under ideal conditions without disturbance.

[0053] If the timing of the change cannot be predicted, the change time Tc (FIG. 3) may be calculated from the initial output change rate, and the internal target change rate may be calculated from the change time Tc-response time (L+T), and feedforward control may be performed using the internal target change rate.

[0054] If the output change rate R is smaller than the initial output change rate, the control command needs to be overshot, etc., and there is a possibility that the fluctuation after the change cannot be kept within the target.

[0055] These characteristics may be obtained from the commands and actual output results when distributing the distributed power sources 21, and may be updated to reduce errors due to aging and the like.

[0056] <Allocation method of the prior art> For comparison, a prior art allocation method will now be described. In the conventional method of allocating power based on merit order, distributed power sources with low unit cost of capacity are allocated more. This can be formulated as follows, where i represents the number of the distributed power source 21.

[0057] (constraints) The following constraints are satisfied: Output target = total capacity / output duration Total capacity / output duration = Σ target value i Minimum output power i<= target distribution value i<= maximum output power i

[0058] (Objective function) The following objective function is minimized: Total cost = Σ(allocation target value i × system output duration × capacity cost i)

[0059] Fig. 5 is a graph showing an example of output distribution in the conventional technology. In Fig. 5, symbols C1 to C4 respectively indicate the Σ distribution target value i of the distributed power source 21. The darker parts indicate the Σ adjustment power target value i. Symbol A1 indicates the target capacity. When symbols C1 to C3 are added together, the total capacity is less than the target capacity, so symbol C4 is further added. As shown in Fig. 5, the conventional technology is a method of simply stacking up the capacity in ascending order of cost up to the target capacity.

[0060] <Distribution method when no change occurs in this embodiment> This can be formulated as follows.

[0061] (constraints) The following constraints are satisfied: Output target = total capacity / output duration = target capacity / output duration Total capacity / output duration = Σ target value i Distribution target value i + Adjustment target value i <= Maximum output power i Minimum output power i × distribution flag i <= distribution target value i - regulation power target value i The allocation flag i is "1" if there is an allocation, and is "0" if there is no allocation.

[0062] 0<=control power target value i Target adjustment force <= total adjustment force Target adjustment force = total amplitude - target amplitude Target amplitude = Target fluctuation rate x Output target Total amplitude = Σ(fluctuation amplitude i × allocation flag i) Total control capacity = Σ(control ratio i × control capacity target value i)

[0063] (Objective function) The following objective function is minimized: Weighted total cost = Σ(allocation target value i × output duration × capacity cost i) + Adjustment weight × Σ(Adjustment power target value i × Output cost i) Here, the initial value of the adjustment weight is 1.

[0064] Fig. 6 is a graph showing an example of output distribution when there is no change in the first embodiment. In Fig. 6, symbols C1 to C5 respectively indicate the Σ distribution target value i of the dispersed power source 21. The darker parts indicate the Σ adjustment power target value i. Symbol A11 indicates the total adjustment power. Symbol A12 indicates the target adjustment power. As shown in Fig. 6, this embodiment is a method in which, like the conventional technology, adjustment powers are simply built up in ascending order of cost up to the target capacity, and when the total adjustment power is insufficient, adjustment powers with low costs are built up.

[0065] In this method, the capacity allocation of the distributed power sources 21 with small capacity unit prices and small fluctuation rates is increased, and the adjustment capability target value of the distributed power sources 21 with small output unit prices and small fluctuation rates is increased. When the adjustment capability target value increases, the distribution target value of the distributed power source 21 decreases.

[0066] Furthermore, if the regulation rate obtained by subtracting the adjustable portion from the regulation rate of the dispersed power source 21 is larger than the target regulation rate, there may be no solution that satisfies the constraint conditions. If there is no solution that satisfies the constraints (target fluctuation rate, etc.), the adjustment weights may be lowered, etc., and then allocated.

[0067] Furthermore, even if the adjustment weight is set to 0, if there is no solution that satisfies the constraints (target fluctuation rate, etc.), the target fluctuation rate may be increased or the output target may be decreased, and reallocation may be performed.

[0068] Furthermore, in the above example, the specific frequency of the adjustment capability is one, but it may be multiple.

[0069] <Distribution method when there is a change in this embodiment> This can be formulated as follows.

[0070] (constraints) The following constraints must be satisfied: The output change rate is also simply called the "rate". Output target rate of change = average rate Average rate = Σ(Allocation target value i × Rate i) / ΣAllocation target value i Output target change rate × (1 + adjustment capacity) = total average rate Here, the adjustment capability is calculated taking into consideration the variation and margin of the rate i, and is set to, for example, 0.1 (10%).

[0071] Total average rate = Σ((distribution target value i + adjustment capacity target value i) × rate i) / Σ(distribution target value i + adjustment capacity target value i)

[0072] (Objective function) The following objective function is minimized: Total cost = Σ(target allocation value i × output change time × capacity cost i) +Σ(control capacity target value i × output cost i)

[0073] Fig. 7 is a graph showing an example of output distribution when there is a change in the first embodiment. In Fig. 7(a) and (b), symbols C11 to C16 respectively indicate the Σ distribution target value i of the dispersed power source 21. The darker parts indicate the Σ adjustment power target value i.

[0074] Fig. 7(a) shows the case where the total average rate (symbol A21) < the output target change rate × (1 + adjustment capacity) (symbol A22). As shown in Fig. 7(a), in this method, as in the conventional technology, the load is simply added to meet the target capacity without change, and if the total average rate is insufficient, the load is added with a lower cost and a higher rate.

[0075] Also, Fig. 7(b) shows the case where the output target change rate (symbol A32) ≦ the total average rate (symbol A31) <. As shown in Fig. 7(b), in this method, as in the conventional technology, the load is simply added up to meet the target capacity without change, and when the total average rate is met, the load with the higher cost and faster rate is used as the adjustment power.

[0076] 8 is a flowchart showing an outline of the processing by the distributed power supply control system 12 of the first embodiment. In step S1, the output distribution calculation unit 51 receives an output target from the supply and demand management system 11.

[0077] Next, in step S2, the calculation unit 512 calculates, for each dispersed power source 21, information output target change information, which is information relating to a change in the output target, based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0078] Next, in step S3, the estimation unit 511 estimates the possible output change amount (the difference between the minimum output power and the maximum output power) for each dispersed power source 21 based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0079] Next, in step S4, the estimation unit 511 estimates the variation in the output change response for each dispersed power source 21 based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0080] Next, in step S5, the estimation unit 511 estimates, for each dispersed power source 21, the magnitude of the adjustment capability indicating the amount by which the output power can be adjusted, based on the dispersed power source characteristic information 61.

[0081] Next, in step S6, the allocation determination unit 513 determines an output allocation command by allocating the output amount at the output target for each distributed power source 21 based on the output target change information for each distributed power source 21, the possible output change amount, the variance in the output change response, the magnitude of the adjustment power, and the distributed power source economics information 62.

[0082] Next, in step S7, the control command calculation unit 52 outputs, for each dispersed power source 21, an output control command which is a control command for the output to the dispersed power source 21 based on the output allocation command.

[0083] Thus, according to the first embodiment, when the overall output target changes, output allocation is performed taking into account the different characteristics of each dispersed power source 21 (such as the magnitude of output power fluctuation and the magnitude of response variation) and economic efficiency, thereby achieving high economic efficiency and enabling the actual output amount to track the output target with high accuracy.

[0084] Furthermore, in the case where the output amount in the output target cannot be allocated to each dispersed power source 21, by calculating information on the limit of allocation, it is possible to deal with the situation flexibly thereafter.

[0085] Second embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described. Descriptions of matters similar to those in the first embodiment will be omitted as appropriate. Fig. 9 is an overall configuration diagram of a power system S of the second embodiment.

[0086] In the power system S of the second embodiment, a first distributed power supply control system 81 to an mth distributed power supply control system 8m (hereinafter also referred to as "distributed power supply control systems") (control systems) and a first distributed power supply group 31 to an mth distributed power supply group 3m (hereinafter also referred to as "distributed power supply groups") are hierarchically structured in relation to a supply and demand management system 11 and a central distributed power supply control system 91.

[0087] A distributed power supply control system is provided for each distributed power supply group that groups together a plurality of distributed power supplies. A central distributed power supply control system 91 controls the plurality of distributed power supply control systems.

[0088] The central distributed power supply control system 91 performs an overall distribution calculation for the group of distributed power supplies, which is the output target value for each distributed power supply control system, based on the overall output target of the multiple distributed power supplies, and outputs control commands to each distributed power supply control system.

[0089] By using such a hierarchical structure, for example, if one distributed power supply control system (81 to 8m) can control up to n distributed power supplies (with a control period equal to or less than a certain value) (i.e., if one distributed power supply group (31 to 3m) is composed of n distributed power supplies), the number of distributed power supplies in the entire power system S can be up to m x n.

[0090] The central distributed power supply control system 91 performs calculations for distributing the entire group of distributed power supplies, which are target values ​​for the output of the distributed power supply control systems (81-8m), and outputs control commands to the distributed power supply control systems (81-8m).

[0091] Furthermore, the central distributed power supply control system 91 inputs the control results (output, adjustment capability, etc.) of the group of distributed power supplies, calculates the results for the entire group of distributed power supplies, and calculates the allocation of control commands according to the spare capacity of the adjustment capability of the group of distributed power supplies.

[0092] The calculation cycle of the central distributed power supply control system 91 may be slower than the calculation cycle of the distributed power supply control systems (81 to 8m).

[0093] Each of the distributed power source control systems (81 to 8m) calculates a control command for each distributed power source from the overall command value of the corresponding group of distributed power sources. Also, the control results of each distributed power source are input, and the total result of the distributed power sources is calculated.

[0094] When there are differences in characteristics between a plurality of groups of distributed power sources, even if the central distributed power source control system 91 changes the distribution between the groups of distributed power sources, there is a possibility that the entire system will not be within the target range. Therefore, combinations of the dispersed power sources are calculated and set so as to reduce the difference in characteristics between the dispersed power sources.

[0095] For example, a plurality of groups of distributed power sources are allocated based on the output change rate and fluctuation rate of each distributed power source so that the performance in terms of output change rate and fluctuation rate is uniform among the plurality of groups of distributed power sources.

[0096] Also, for example, the distributed power source economics information 62 (FIG. 2) includes the location of the distributed power source and economics information at that location. The group of multiple distributed power sources is further allocated to the multiple distributed power sources based on the location of the distributed power source in the distributed power source economics information 62 and the economics information at that location so as to equalize performance.

[0097] A method of reducing the difference in output change rates will be described in further detail below. If it is assumed that distributed power sources with similar output change rates also have similar costs (i.e., if it is assumed that the magnitude of the output change rate and the cost are roughly proportional), then first the distributed power sources are arranged in order of their output change rate. Then, they are allocated to the distributed power source control systems (81-8m) in order of lowest cost (lowest output change rate) and stacked up. The order of allocation to the distributed power source control systems (81-8m) may alternate between ascending and descending order.

[0098] Generally, when the number of distributed power sources increases, if there is only one control device, it takes time to calculate the output of each distributed power source, which lengthens the control period and may result in reduced accuracy. Therefore, in the second embodiment, a hierarchical structure is created in which multiple distributed power source control systems (81 to 8m) are provided and groups of distributed power sources are assigned to them. In addition, the distributed power sources are divided into multiple groups based on their characteristics and economic efficiency.

[0099] By controlling the output of each group of distributed power sources using a plurality of distributed power source control systems (81 to 8m), the overall output can be made to track the output target with high accuracy.

[0100] In addition, by using economic efficiency information according to the location of the distributed power source when allocating the distributed power sources to the distributed power source groups, the impact of the location of the distributed power source on the performance of each distributed power source group can be reduced.

[0101] The programs executed by the power system S of this embodiment may be provided by being recorded in an installable or executable format on a computer-readable recording medium such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk (FD), a CD-R, or a digital versatile disk (DVD).

[0102] The program may be stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet and provided by being downloaded via the network.The program may be provided or distributed via a network such as the Internet.The program may be provided by being pre-installed in a ROM or the like.

[0103] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents described in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 11...supply and demand management system, 12...distributed power supply control system, 21...distributed power supply, 25...communication network, 26...power transmission and distribution network, 31-3m...1st to mth distributed power supply groups, 51...output distribution calculation unit, 52...control command calculation unit, 53...storage unit, 61...distributed power supply characteristic information, 62...distributed power supply economics information, 81-8m...1st to mth distributed power supply control systems, 91...central distributed power supply control system, 511...estimation unit, 512...calculation unit, 513...distribution determination unit, S...power system

Claims

1. 1. A power control system for causing a total of outputs from a plurality of distributed power sources to track an overall output target of the plurality of distributed power sources, the system comprising: a distribution calculation unit that distributes the output target to each of the distributed power sources and outputs a plurality of output distribution commands; a control command calculation unit that outputs, for each of the distributed power sources, an output control command that is a control command for output to the distributed power sources based on the output allocation command; The allocation calculation unit is The calculation method is different for a time period in which the output target does not change and a time period in which the output target changes, Regarding the time period during which the output target changes, a calculation unit that calculates, for each of the dispersed power sources, output target change information that is information regarding a change in the output target based on dispersed power source characteristic information that is information regarding characteristics of the dispersed power sources; an estimation unit that estimates, for each of the distributed power sources, an output changeable amount, an output change response variance, and a level of adjustment capability that indicates an adjustable amount of the output change response based on the distributed power source characteristic information; a distribution determination unit that determines an output distribution command for each distributed power source by distributing the output target for each distributed power source based on the output target change information, the possible output change amount for each distributed power source, the variation in the output change response, the magnitude of the adjustment power, and distributed power source economics information that is information regarding the economics of the distributed power source.

2. In the case where a time range of the output target change is determined in the output target, The estimation unit estimates an output response time based on the distributed power source characteristic information, The calculation unit calculates an internal target change rate based on a target change time, which is a time from a start of a change in the output target to an end of the change, and the output response time; The power control system according to claim 1 , wherein the allocation determination unit further determines an output allocation command for each of the distributed power sources using the internal target change rate.

3. The control command calculation unit, with respect to a time period in which the output target changes, feedforward control that limits a rate of output change based on a magnitude of a target change rate for each of the distributed power sources and the distributed power source characteristic information; The power control system according to claim 1 , wherein the power control system executes a combination of the output target and feedback control that calculates an adjustment capability based on a sum of outputs from the plurality of distributed power sources.

4. the estimation unit estimates, for each of the distributed power sources, a magnitude of output power fluctuation and a magnitude of adjustment capability indicating an adjustable amount of the output power based on the distributed power source characteristic information; 2. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the allocation determination unit determines an output allocation command for each distributed power source by allocating the output target fluctuation in the output target to each distributed power source based on the output potential of each distributed power source, the magnitude of the output power fluctuation, the magnitude of the adjustment capability, and the distributed power source economics information.

5. The power control system according to claim 1 , wherein the calculation unit learns the distributed power source characteristic information based on the output target and a sum of outputs of the plurality of distributed power sources, and stores the information in a storage unit.

6. The power control system according to claim 1 , wherein the allocation determination unit calculates information regarding a limit of allocation when the output target cannot be allocated to each of the distributed power sources.

7. a control system corresponding to each of the distributed power source groups each including a plurality of the distributed power sources; and a central distributed power source control system that controls the plurality of the control systems; the central distributed power supply control system performs an overall distribution calculation of the group of distributed power supplies, which is an output target value for each of the control systems, based on the overall output target of the plurality of distributed power supplies, and outputs a control command to each of the control systems; 2. The power control system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of distributed power sources are allocated based on an output change rate and a fluctuation rate for each of the plurality of distributed power sources so that performance with respect to the output change rate and the fluctuation rate is uniform among the plurality of distributed power source groups.

8. The distributed power source economic efficiency information includes a location of the distributed power source and economic efficiency information at the location, The power control system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of distributed power sources are further allocated to the group of distributed power sources so as to equalize performance based on the location of the distributed power source in the distributed power source economic information and the economic information at the location.

9. 1. A power control method for a power control system for causing a total of outputs from a plurality of distributed power sources to track an overall output target of the plurality of distributed power sources, the method comprising: a distribution calculation step of distributing the output target for each of the distributed power sources and outputting a plurality of output distribution commands; a control command calculation step of outputting, for each of the distributed power sources, an output control command that is a control command for output to the distributed power sources based on the output allocation command; The allocation calculation step includes: The calculation method is different for a time period in which the output target does not change and a time period in which the output target changes, Regarding the time period during which the output target changes, a calculation step of calculating, for each of the distributed power sources, output target change information that is information regarding a change in the output target based on distributed power source characteristic information that is information regarding characteristics of the distributed power sources; an estimation step of estimating, for each of the distributed power sources, an amount of output change possible, a variation in output change response, and a magnitude of adjustment capability indicating an amount of adjustment possible for the output change response based on the distributed power source characteristic information; a distribution determination step of determining an output distribution command for each distributed power source by distributing the output target for each distributed power source based on the output target change information, the possible output change amount for each distributed power source, the variation in the output change response, the magnitude of the adjustment power, and distributed power source economics information which is information regarding the economics of the distributed power source.

10. A power control system for causing a total output from each of a plurality of distributed power sources to track an overall output target of the plurality of distributed power sources that output power, a distribution calculation unit that distributes the output target to each of the distributed power sources and outputs a plurality of output distribution commands; a program for causing a control command calculation unit to function as a control command calculation unit that outputs, for each of the distributed power sources, an output control command that is a control command for output to the distributed power sources based on the output allocation command, The allocation calculation unit is The calculation method is different for a time period in which the output target does not change and a time period in which the output target changes, Regarding the time period during which the output target changes, a calculation unit that calculates, for each of the dispersed power sources, output target change information that is information regarding a change in the output target based on dispersed power source characteristic information that is information regarding characteristics of the dispersed power sources; an estimation unit that estimates, for each of the distributed power sources, an output changeable amount, an output change response variance, and a level of adjustment capability that indicates an adjustable amount of the output change response based on the distributed power source characteristic information; a distribution determination unit that determines an output distribution command for each distributed power source by distributing the output target for each distributed power source based on the output target change information, the possible output change amount for each distributed power source, the variation in the output change response, the magnitude of the adjustment power, and distributed power source economics information that is information regarding the economics of the distributed power source.

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